Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Jobאיוב

A six-tier MT reverse-interlinear of all 42 chapters of the Masoretic text: each word with gloss, parsing, syntax, semantic force, and lexical note; each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note, under a chapter argument-outline.

1,070 verses · 8,399 annotated words · 42 chapters. The Hebrew follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition, as represented by standard diplomatic editions in their main wording; distinctively copyrighted critical apparatus is not reproduced. Versification follows the MT.

Companion summary Themes, outlines & textual notes Every chapter's theme and argument outline, the textual notes, and a table of the major exegetical cruxes.
  1. 1 Job 1 1 22 verses · 348 words
  2. 2 Job 2 2 Job 2 (13 verses in the MT) opens: Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before YHWH, and Satan came also among them to present himself before YHWH. The middle of the chapter continues: So went Satan forth from the presence of YHWH, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot to his crown. It closes: So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spake a word to him: for they saw that grief was very great. 13 verses · 210 words
  3. 3 Job 3 3 Job 3 (26 verses in the MT) opens: After this opened Job his mouth, and cursed his day. The middle of the chapter continues: With kings and counsellors of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves; It closes: I was not in safety, neither had I rest, neither was I quiet; yet trouble came. 26 verses · 204 words
  4. 4 Job 4 4 Job 4 (21 verses in the MT) opens: Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion's whelps are scattered abroad. It closes: Doth not their excellency in them go away? they die, even without wisdom. 21 verses · 149 words
  5. 5 Job 5 5 Job 5 (27 verses in the MT) opens: Call now, if there be any that will answer you; and to which of the saints will you turn? The middle of the chapter continues: They meet with darkness in the daytime, and grope in the noonday as in the night. It closes: Lo this, we have searched it, so it ; hear it, and know you for your good. 27 verses · 206 words
  6. 6 Job 6 6 Job 6 (30 verses in the MT) opens: But Job answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: Which are blackish by reason of the ice, wherein the snow is hid: It closes: Is there iniquity in my tongue? cannot my taste discern perverse things? 30 verses · 223 words
  7. 7 Job 7 7 Job 7 (21 verses in the MT) opens: not an appointed time to man upon earth? his days also like the days of an hireling? The middle of the chapter continues: Therefore I will not refrain my mouth; I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul. It closes: And why dost you not pardon my transgression, and take away mine iniquity? for now shall I sleep in the dust; and you shall seek me in the morning, but I not . 21 verses · 174 words
  8. 8 Job 8 8 Job 8 (22 verses in the MT) opens: Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: Whilst it yet in his greenness, not cut down, it withereth before any herb. It closes: They that hate you shall be clothed with shame; and the dwelling place of the wicked shall come to nought. 22 verses · 166 words
  9. 9 Job 9 9 Job 9 (35 verses in the MT) opens: Then Job answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: He will not suffer me to take my breath, but filleth me with bitterness. It closes: would I speak, and not fear him; but not so with me. 35 verses · 261 words
  10. 10 Job 10 10 Job 10 (22 verses in the MT) opens: My soul is weary of my life; I will leave my complaint upon myself; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul. The middle of the chapter continues: You have granted me life and favour, and your visitation has preserved my spirit. It closes: A land of darkness, as darkness of the shadow of death, without any order, and the light as darkness. 22 verses · 171 words
  11. 11 Job 11 11 Job 11 (20 verses in the MT) opens: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: For he knoweth vain men: he seeth wickedness also; will he not then consider ? It closes: But the eyes of the wicked shall fail, and they shall not escape, and their hope the giving up of the ghost. 20 verses · 148 words
  12. 12 Job 12 12 Job 12 (25 verses in the MT) opens: And Job answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: With him wisdom and strength, he has counsel and understanding. It closes: They grope in the dark without light, and he maketh them to stagger like drunken . 25 verses · 183 words
  13. 13 Job 13 13 Job 13 (28 verses in the MT) opens: Lo, mine eye has seen all , mine ear has heard and understood it. The middle of the chapter continues: Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him: but I will maintain mine own ways before him. It closes: And he, as a rotten thing, consumeth, as a garment that is moth eaten. 28 verses · 204 words
  14. 14 Job 14 14 Job 14 (22 verses in the MT) opens: Man born of a woman of few days, and full of trouble. The middle of the chapter continues: So man lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep. It closes: But his flesh upon him shall have pain, and his soul within him shall mourn. 22 verses · 178 words
  15. 15 Job 15 15 Job 15 (35 verses in the MT) opens: Then answered Eliphaz the Temanite, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: Which wise men have told from their fathers, and have not hid : It closes: They conceive mischief, and bring forth vanity, and their belly prepareth deceit. 35 verses · 264 words
  16. 16 Job 16 16 Job 16 (22 verses in the MT) opens: Then Job answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: I was at ease, but he has broken me asunder: he has also taken by my neck, and shaken me to pieces, and set me up for his mark. It closes: When a few years are come, then I shall go the way I shall not return. 22 verses · 173 words
  17. 17 Job 17 17 Job 17 (16 verses in the MT) opens: My breath is corrupt, my days are extinct, the graves for me. The middle of the chapter continues: The righteous also shall hold on his way, and he that has clean hands shall be stronger and stronger. It closes: They shall go down to the bars of the pit, when rest together in the dust. 16 verses · 112 words
  18. 18 Job 18 18 Job 18 (21 verses in the MT) opens: Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: Terrors shall make him afraid on every side, and shall drive him to his feet. It closes: Surely such the dwellings of the wicked, and this the place knoweth not God. 21 verses · 143 words
  19. 19 Job 19 19 29 verses · 214 words
  20. 20 Job 20 20 Job 20 (29 verses in the MT) opens: Then answered Zophar the Naamathite, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: He has swallowed down riches, and he shall vomit them up again: God shall cast them out of his belly. It closes: This the portion of a wicked man from God, and the heritage appointed to him by God. 29 verses · 209 words
  21. 21 Job 21 21 Job 21 (34 verses in the MT) opens: But Job answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: They are as stubble before the wind, and as chaff that the storm carrieth away. It closes: How then comfort you me in vain, seeing in your answers there remaineth falsehood? 34 verses · 242 words
  22. 22 Job 22 22 Job 22 (30 verses in the MT) opens: Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: Which were cut down out of time, whose foundation was overflown with a flood: It closes: He shall deliver the island of the innocent: and it is delivered by the pureness of your hands. 30 verses · 210 words
  23. 23 Job 23 23 Job 23 (17 verses in the MT) opens: Then Job answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: On the left hand, where he does work, but I cannot behold : he hideth himself on the right hand, that I cannot see : It closes: Because I was not cut off before the darkness, has he covered the darkness from my face. 17 verses · 118 words
  24. 24 Job 24 24 Job 24 (25 verses in the MT) opens: Why, seeing times are not hidden from the Almighty, do they that know him not see his days? The middle of the chapter continues: They are of those that rebel against the light; they know not the ways thereof, nor abide in the paths thereof. It closes: And if not now, who will make me a liar, and make my speech nothing worth? 25 verses · 205 words
  25. 25 Job 25 25 Job 25 (6 verses in the MT) opens: Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: How then can man be justified with God? or how can he be clean born of a woman? It closes: How much less man, a worm? and the son of man, a worm? 6 verses · 43 words
  26. 26 Job 26 26 Job 26 (14 verses in the MT) opens: But Job answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: He bindeth up the waters in his thick clouds; and the cloud is not rent under them. It closes: Lo, these parts of his ways: but how little a portion is heard of him? but the thunder of his power who can understand? 14 verses · 103 words
  27. 27 Job 27 27 Job 27 (23 verses in the MT) opens: Moreover Job continued his parable, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: Behold, all you yourselves have seen ; why then are you thus altogether vain? It closes: shall clap their hands at him, and shall hiss him out of his place. 23 verses · 170 words
  28. 28 Job 28 28 Job 28 (28 verses in the MT) opens: Surely there is a vein for the silver, and a place for gold they fine . The middle of the chapter continues: It cannot be gotten for gold, neither shall silver be weighed the price thereof. It closes: And to man he said, Behold, the fear of YHWH, that wisdom; and to depart from evil understanding. 28 verses · 207 words
  29. 29 Job 29 29 Job 29 (25 verses in the MT) opens: Moreover Job continued his parable, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: The blessing of him that was ready to perish came upon me: and I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy. It closes: I chose out their way, and sat chief, and dwelt as a king in the army, as one comforteth the mourners. 25 verses · 169 words
  30. 30 Job 30 30 Job 30 (31 verses in the MT) opens: But now younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock. The middle of the chapter continues: And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon me. It closes: My harp also is to mourning, and my organ into the voice of them that weep. 31 verses · 229 words
  31. 31 Job 31 31 Job 31 (40 verses in the MT) opens: I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid? The middle of the chapter continues: If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate: It closes: Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended. 40 verses · 313 words
  32. 32 Job 32 32 Job 32 (22 verses in the MT) opens: So these three men ceased to answer Job, because he righteous in his own eyes. The middle of the chapter continues: Yea, I attended to you, and, behold, none of you that convinced Job, that answered his words: It closes: For I know not to give flattering titles; my maker would soon take me away. 22 verses · 197 words
  33. 33 Job 33 33 Job 33 (33 verses in the MT) opens: Wherefore, Job, I pray you, hear my speeches, and hearken to all my words. The middle of the chapter continues: That he may withdraw man purpose, and hide pride from man. It closes: If not, hearken to me: hold your peace, and I shall teach you wisdom. 33 verses · 250 words
  34. 34 Job 34 34 Job 34 (37 verses in the MT) opens: Furthermore Elihu answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: that accepteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor? for they all the work of his hands. It closes: For he addeth rebellion to his sin, he clappeth among us, and multiplieth his words against God. 37 verses · 297 words
  35. 35 Job 35 35 Job 35 (16 verses in the MT) opens: Elihu spake moreover, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: By reason of the multitude of oppressions they make to cry: they cry out by reason of the arm of the mighty. It closes: Therefore does Job open his mouth in vain; he multiplieth words without knowledge. 16 verses · 116 words
  36. 36 Job 36 36 Job 36 (33 verses in the MT) opens: Elihu also proceeded, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: But you have fulfilled the judgment of the wicked: judgment and justice take hold . It closes: The noise thereof sheweth concerning it, the cattle also concerning the vapour. 33 verses · 240 words
  37. 37 Job 37 37 Job 37 (24 verses in the MT) opens: At this also my heart trembleth, and is moved out of his place. The middle of the chapter continues: He causeth it to come, whether for correction, or for his land, or for mercy. It closes: Men do therefore fear him: he respecteth not any wise of heart. 24 verses · 189 words
  38. 38 Job 38 38 Job 38 (41 verses in the MT) opens: Then YHWH answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: Knowest you , because you wast then born? or the number of your days great? It closes: Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry to God, they wander for lack of meat. 41 verses · 304 words
  39. 39 Job 39 39 Job 39 (30 verses in the MT) opens: Knowest you the time when the wild goats of the rock bring forth? canst you mark when the hinds do calve? The middle of the chapter continues: She is hardened against her young ones, as though not hers: her labour is in vain without fear; It closes: Her young ones also suck up blood: and where the slain , there she. 30 verses · 216 words
  40. 40 Job 40 40 Job 40 (32 verses in the MT) opens: Moreover YHWH answered Job, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: He moveth his tail like a cedar: the sinews of his stones are wrapped together. It closes: Lay your hand upon him, remember the battle, do no more. 32 verses · 218 words
  41. 41 Job 41 41 Job 41 (26 verses in the MT) opens: Behold, the hope of him is in vain: shall not be cast down even at the sight of him? The middle of the chapter continues: In his neck remaineth strength, and sorrow is turned into joy before him. It closes: He beholdeth all high : he a king over all the children of pride. 26 verses · 178 words
  42. 42 Job 42 42 Job 42 (17 verses in the MT) opens: Then Job answered YHWH, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: So Eliphaz the Temanite and Bildad the Shuhite Zophar the Naamathite went, and did according as YHWH commanded them: YHWH also accepted Job. It closes: So Job died, old and full of days. 17 verses · 245 words