Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Job, Chapter 38איוב 38

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Job 38 (41 verses in the MT) opens: Then YHWH answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: Knowest you , because you wast then born? or the number of your days great? It closes: Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry to God, they wander for lack of meat.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Job 38 comprises 41 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-9) — Then YHWH answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said. Then YHWH answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said, Who this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? Gird up now your loins like a man; for I will demand of you, and answer you me. Where wast you when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if you have understanding. Who has laid the measures thereof, if you knowest? or who has stretched. Movement II (vv. 10-18) — And brake up for it my decreed , and set bars and doors. And brake up for it my decreed , and set bars and doors, And said, Hitherto shall you come, but no further: and here shall your proud waves be stayed? Hast you commanded the morning since your days; caused the dayspring to know his place; That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it? It is turned as clay the. Movement III (vv. 19-27) — Where the way light dwelleth? and darkness, where the place thereof. Where the way light dwelleth? and darkness, where the place thereof, That you shouldest take it to the bound thereof, and that you shouldest know the paths the house thereof? Knowest you , because you wast then born? or the number of your days great? Hast you entered into the treasures of the snow? or have you seen the treasures of the hail, Which I have. Movement IV (vv. 28-36) — Has the rain a father? or who has begotten the drops of dew?. Has the rain a father? or who has begotten the drops of dew? Out of whose womb came the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who has gendered it? The waters are hid as a stone, and the face of the deep is frozen. Canst you bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion? Canst you bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst you guide. Movement V (vv. 37-41) — Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heav. Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heaven, When the dust groweth into hardness, and the clods cleave fast together? Wilt you hunt the prey for the lion? or fill the appetite of the young lions, When they couch in dens, abide in the covert to lie in wait? Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry to God,. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיַּֽעַן יְהוָ֣ה אֶת אִ֭יּוֹב מנ הסערה מִ֥ן הַסְּעָרָ֗ה וַיֹּאמַֽר

Then YHWH answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיַּֽעַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אִ֭יּוֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
מנfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הסערהinart + N com f sg abs · סַעַר (H5591)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סַעַר (H5591) 'in'.
מִ֥ןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הַסְּעָרָ֗הinart + N com f sg abs · סַעַר (H5591)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סַעַר (H5591) 'in'.
וַיֹּאמַֽרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
2

מִ֤י זֶ֨ה מַחְשִׁ֖יךְ עֵצָ֥ה בְמִלִּ֗ין בְּֽלִי דָֽעַת

Who this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and...was darkened'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
זֶ֨הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
מַחְשִׁ֖יךְand...was darkenedHiphil ptc ms · חָשַׁךְ (H2821)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָשַׁךְ (H2821) 'and...was darkened'.
עֵצָ֥הcounselN c · עֵצָה (H6098)Construct chain (genitival)עֵצָה (H6098) 'counsel'.
בְמִלִּ֗יןwith wordsprep + N com f pl abs · מִלָּה (H4405)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלָּה (H4405) 'with words'.
בְּֽלִיwithoutneg. · בְּלִי (H1097)Particle or relational elementבְּלִי (H1097) 'without'.
דָֽעַתknowledgeN c · דַּעַת (H1847)Construct chain (genitival)דַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge'.
3

אֱזָר נָ֣א כְגֶ֣בֶר חֲלָצֶ֑יךָ וְ֝אֶשְׁאָלְךָ֗ וְהוֹדִיעֵֽנִי

Gird up now your loins like a man; for I will demand of you, and answer you me.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'bind (compass) about'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֱזָרbind (compass) aboutQal impv 2ms · אָזַר (H247)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָזַר (H247) 'bind (compass) about'.
נָ֣אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
כְגֶ֣בֶרa manprep + N com m sg abs · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
חֲלָצֶ֑יךָfrom your loinsN c · חֲלָצַיִם (H2504)Construct chain (genitival)חֲלָצַיִם (H2504) 'from your loins'.
וְ֝אֶשְׁאָלְךָ֗askconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs + sfx 2ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁאַל (H7592) 'ask'.
וְהוֹדִיעֵֽנִיI knowconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
4

אֵיפֹ֣ה הָ֭יִיתָ בְּיָסְדִי אָ֑רֶץ הַ֝גֵּ֗ד אִם יָדַ֥עְתָּ בִינָֽה

Where wast you when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if you have understanding.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֵיפֹ֣הwhereinterrog. · אֵיפֹה (H375)Particle or relational elementאֵיפֹה (H375) 'where'.
הָ֭יִיתָyou wereQal perf 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'you were'.
בְּיָסְדִיit was foundedprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cs · יָסַד (H3245)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָסַד (H3245) 'it was founded'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
הַ֝גֵּ֗דit was surelyHiphil impv 2ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָגַד (H5046) 'it was surely'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יָדַ֥עְתָּyou knowQal perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'you know'.
בִינָֽהand your understandingN c · בִּינָה (H998)Construct chain (genitival)בִּינָה (H998) 'and your understanding'.
5

מִי שָׂ֣ם מְ֭מַדֶּיהָ כִּ֣י תֵדָ֑ע א֤וֹ מִֽי נָטָ֖ה עָלֶ֣יהָ קָּֽו

Who has laid the measures thereof, if you knowest? or who has stretched the line upon it?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
מִיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
שָׂ֣םsetQal perf 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'set'.
מְ֭מַדֶּיהָmeasureN c · מֵמַד (H4461)Construct chain (genitival)מֵמַד (H4461) 'measure'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תֵדָ֑עyou may knowQal impf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'you may know'.
א֤וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
נָטָ֖הstretch outQal perf 3ms · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
עָלֶ֣יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
קָּֽוline. CompareN c · קַו (H6957)Construct chain (genitival)קַו (H6957) 'line. Compare'.
6

עַל מָ֭ה אֲדָנֶ֣יהָ הָטְבָּ֑עוּ א֥וֹ מִֽי יָ֝רָ֗ה אֶ֣בֶן פִּנָּתָֽהּ

Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they were sunk'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מָ֭הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
אֲדָנֶ֣יהָits socketsN c · אֶדֶן (H134)Construct chain (genitival)אֶדֶן (H134) 'its sockets'.
הָטְבָּ֑עוּthey were sunkHophal perf 3cp · טָבַע (H2883)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actטָבַע (H2883) 'they were sunk'.
א֥וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יָ֝רָ֗הhe threwQal perf 3ms · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרָה (H3384) 'he threw'.
אֶ֣בֶןa stoneN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'a stone'.
פִּנָּתָֽהּthe corners ofN c · פִּנָּה (H6438)Construct chain (genitival)פִּנָּה (H6438) 'the corners of'.
7

בְּרָן יַ֭חַד כּ֣וֹכְבֵי בֹ֑קֶר וַ֝יָּרִ֗יעוּ כָּל בְּנֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים

When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'shout for joy'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בְּרָןshout for joyprep + Qal inf constr · רָנַן (H7442)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָנַן (H7442) 'shout for joy'.
יַ֭חַדtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
כּ֣וֹכְבֵיthe starsN c · כּוֹכָב (H3556)Construct chain (genitival)כּוֹכָב (H3556) 'the stars'.
בֹ֑קֶרmorningN c · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Construct chain (genitival)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'.
וַ֝יָּרִ֗יעוּshoutedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · רוּעַ (H7321)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרוּעַ (H7321) 'shouted'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
אֱלֹהִֽיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
8

וַיָּ֣סֶךְ בִּדְלָתַ֣יִם יָ֑ם בְּ֝גִיח֗וֹ מֵרֶ֥חֶם יֵצֵֽא

Or shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, it had issued out of the womb?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he screened off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיָּ֣סֶךְand he screened offconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · סָכַךְ (H5526)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָכַךְ (H5526) 'and he screened off'.
בִּדְלָתַ֣יִםthe doorprep + N com f du abs · דֶּלֶת (H1817)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּלֶת (H1817) 'the door'.
יָ֑םsea ofN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'sea of'.
בְּ֝גִיח֗וֹbursting forthprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · גִּיחַ (H1518)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementגִּיחַ (H1518) 'bursting forth'.
מֵרֶ֥חֶםfrom the womb ofprep + N com m sg abs · רֶחֶם (H7358)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶחֶם (H7358) 'from the womb of'.
יֵצֵֽאone going out (to)Qal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
9

בְּשׂוּמִ֣י עָנָ֣ן לְבֻשׁ֑וֹ וַ֝עֲרָפֶ֗ל חֲתֻלָּתֽוֹ

When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it,

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
בְּשׂוּמִ֣יand he setprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
עָנָ֣ןcloudN c · עָנָן (H6051)Construct chain (genitival)עָנָן (H6051) 'cloud'.
לְבֻשׁ֑וֹhis garmentN c · לְבוּשׁ (H3830)Construct chain (genitival)לְבוּשׁ (H3830) 'his garment'.
וַ֝עֲרָפֶ֗לand thick darknessconj וְ + N com m sg abs · עֲרָפֶל (H6205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲרָפֶל (H6205) 'and thick darkness'.
חֲתֻלָּתֽוֹswaddling bandN c · חֲתֻלָּה (H2854)Construct chain (genitival)חֲתֻלָּה (H2854) 'swaddling band'.
10

וָאֶשְׁבֹּ֣ר עָלָ֣יו חֻקִּ֑י וָֽ֝אָשִׂ֗ים בְּרִ֣יחַ וּדְלָתָֽיִם

And brake up for it my decreed , and set bars and doors,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and I broke'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וָאֶשְׁבֹּ֣רand I brokeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁבַר (H7665) 'and I broke'.
עָלָ֣יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
חֻקִּ֑יthe statutes ofN c · חֹק (H2706)Construct chain (genitival)חֹק (H2706) 'the statutes of'.
וָֽ֝אָשִׂ֗יםand he setconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
בְּרִ֣יחַbarsN c · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִיחַ (H1280) 'bars'.
וּדְלָתָֽיִםthe doorconj וְ + N com f du abs · דֶּלֶת (H1817)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּלֶת (H1817) 'the door'.
11

וָאֹמַ֗ר עַד פֹּ֣ה תָ֭בוֹא וְלֹ֣א תֹסִ֑יף וּפֹ֥א יָ֝שִׁ֗ית בִּגְא֥וֹן גַּלֶּֽיךָ

And said, Hitherto shall you come, but no further: and here shall your proud waves be stayed?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וָאֹמַ֗רand I saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
פֹּ֣הhereart · פֹּה (H6311)Particle or relational elementפֹּה (H6311) 'here'.
תָ֭בוֹאyou comeQal impf 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תֹסִ֑יףyou will againHiphil impf 2ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'you will again'.
וּפֹ֥אhereconj וְ + art · פֹּה (H6311)Particle or relational elementפֹּה (H6311) 'here'.
יָ֝שִׁ֗יתhe shall imposeQal impf 3ms · שִׁית (H7896)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׁית (H7896) 'he shall impose'.
בִּגְא֥וֹןyour majestyprep + N com m sg constr · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'your majesty'.
גַּלֶּֽיךָthe heapN c · גַּל (H1530)Construct chain (genitival)גַּל (H1530) 'the heap'.
12

הְֽ֭מִיָּמֶיךָ צִוִּ֣יתָ בֹּ֑קֶר ידעתה שחר יִדַּ֖עְתָּה הַשַּׁ֣חַר מְקֹמֽוֹ

Hast you commanded the morning since your days; caused the dayspring to know his place;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'commanded'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הְֽ֭מִיָּמֶיךָon the dayinterrog. + prep + N com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
צִוִּ֣יתָcommandedPiel perf 2ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) 'commanded'.
בֹּ֑קֶרmorningN c · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Construct chain (genitival)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'.
ידעתהI knowPiel perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
שחרthe dawnN c · שַׁחַר (H7837)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַר (H7837) 'the dawn'.
יִדַּ֖עְתָּהI knowPiel perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
הַשַּׁ֣חַרthe dawnart + N com m sg abs · שַׁחַר (H7837)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁחַר (H7837) 'the dawn'.
מְקֹמֽוֹhis placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'his place'.
13

לֶ֭אֱחֹז בְּכַנְפ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיִנָּעֲר֖וּ רְשָׁ מִמֶּֽנָּה

That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it?

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and they took hold'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לֶ֭אֱחֹזand they took holdprep + Qal inf constr · אָחַז (H270)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָחַז (H270) 'and they took hold'.
בְּכַנְפ֣וֹתthe skirt ofprep + N com f pl constr · כָּנָף (H3671)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּנָף (H3671) 'the skirt of'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְיִנָּעֲר֖וּand shook offconj וְ + Niphal impf 3mp · נָעַר (H5287)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָעַר (H5287) 'and shook off'.
רְשָׁthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
מִמֶּֽנָּהof one piece with itprep + sfx 3fs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of one piece with it'.
14

תִּ֭תְהַפֵּךְ כְּחֹ֣מֶר חוֹתָ֑ם וְ֝יִֽתְיַצְּב֗וּ כְּמ֣וֹ לְבֽוּשׁ

It is turned as clay the seal; and they stand as a garment.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'has turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
תִּ֭תְהַפֵּךְhas turnedHithpael impf 3fs · הָפַךְ (H2015)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
כְּחֹ֣מֶרwith mortarprep + N com m sg constr · חֹמֶר (H2563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹמֶר (H2563) 'with mortar'.
חוֹתָ֑םa seal,N c · חֹתָם (H2368)Construct chain (genitival)חֹתָם (H2368) 'a seal,'.
וְ֝יִֽתְיַצְּב֗וּand they presented themselvesconj וְ + Hithpael impf 3mp · הִתְיַצֵּב (H3320)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהִתְיַצֵּב (H3320) 'and they presented themselves'.
כְּמ֣וֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
לְבֽוּשׁhis garmentN c · לְבוּשׁ (H3830)Construct chain (genitival)לְבוּשׁ (H3830) 'his garment'.
15

וְיִמָּנַ֣ע מֵרְשָׁ אוֹרָ֑ם וּזְר֥וֹעַ רָ֝מָ֗ה תִּשָּׁבֵֽר

And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm shall be broken.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'has withheld you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְיִמָּנַ֣עhas withheld youconj וְ + Niphal impf 3ms · מָנַע (H4513)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָנַע (H4513) 'has withheld you'.
מֵרְשָׁthe wickedprep + Adj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
אוֹרָ֑םlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
וּזְר֥וֹעַthe shoulderconj וְ + N com c sg constr · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'the shoulder'.
רָ֝מָ֗הis triumphantQal ptc fs · רוּם (H7311)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּם (H7311) 'is triumphant'.
תִּשָּׁבֵֽרyou shall breakN · שָׁבַר (H7665)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁבַר (H7665) 'you shall break'.
16

הֲ֭בָאתָ עַד נִבְכֵי יָ֑ם וּבְחֵ֥קֶר תְּ֝ה֗וֹם הִתְהַלָּֽכְתָּ

Hast you entered into the springs of the sea? or have you walked in the search of the depth?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you brought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֲ֭בָאתָyou broughtinterrog. + Qal perf 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'you brought'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
נִבְכֵיspringN c · נֵבֶךְ (H5033)Construct chain (genitival)נֵבֶךְ (H5033) 'spring'.
יָ֑םsea ofN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'sea of'.
וּבְחֵ֥קֶרsearchings ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · חֵקֶר (H2714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵקֶר (H2714) 'searchings of'.
תְּ֝ה֗וֹםthe deepN c · תְּהוֹם (H8415)Construct chain (genitival)תְּהוֹם (H8415) 'the deep'.
הִתְהַלָּֽכְתָּwentHithpael perf 2ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
17

הֲנִגְל֣וּ לְ֭ךָ שַׁעֲרֵי מָ֑וֶת וְשַׁעֲרֵ֖י צַלְמָ֣וֶת תִּרְאֶֽה

Have the gates of death been opened to you? or have you seen the doors of the shadow of death?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'shall you uncover'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֲנִגְל֣וּshall you uncoverinterrog. + Niphal perf 3cp · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
לְ֭ךָto youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
שַׁעֲרֵיthe gate ofN c · שַׁעַר (H8179)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate of'.
מָ֑וֶתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
וְשַׁעֲרֵ֖יthe gate ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate of'.
צַלְמָ֣וֶתshadow of deathN c · צַלְמָוֶת (H6757)Construct chain (genitival)צַלְמָוֶת (H6757) 'shadow of death'.
תִּרְאֶֽהyou will seeQal impf 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'you will see'.
18

הִ֭תְבֹּנַנְתָּ עַד רַחֲבֵי אָ֑רֶץ הַ֝גֵּ֗ד אִם יָדַ֥עְתָּ כֻלָּֽהּ

Hast you perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if you knowest it all.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'discerning'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הִ֭תְבֹּנַנְתָּdiscerningHithpolel perf 2ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
רַחֲבֵיbreadthN c · רַחַב (H7338)Construct chain (genitival)רַחַב (H7338) 'breadth'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
הַ֝גֵּ֗דit was surelyHiphil impv 2ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָגַד (H5046) 'it was surely'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יָדַ֥עְתָּyou knowQal perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'you know'.
כֻלָּֽהּall of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
19

אֵי זֶ֣ה הַ֭דֶּרֶךְ יִשְׁכָּן א֑וֹר וְ֝חֹ֗שֶׁךְ אֵי זֶ֥ה מְקֹמֽוֹ

Where the way light dwelleth? and darkness, where the place thereof,

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he dwells'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֵיwhereinterrog. · אֵי (H335)Particle or relational elementאֵי (H335) 'where'.
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
הַ֭דֶּרֶךְthe wayart + N com c sg abs · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way'.
יִשְׁכָּןhe dwellsQal impf 3ms · שָׁכַן (H7931)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁכַן (H7931) 'he dwells'.
א֑וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
וְ֝חֹ֗שֶׁךְand darknessconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'and darkness'.
אֵיwhereinterrog. · אֵי (H335)Particle or relational elementאֵי (H335) 'where'.
זֶ֥הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
מְקֹמֽוֹhis placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'his place'.
20

כִּ֣י תִ֭קָּחֶנּוּ אֶל גְּבוּל֑וֹ וְכִֽי תָ֝בִ֗ין נְתִיב֥וֹת בֵּיתֽוֹ

That you shouldest take it to the bound thereof, and that you shouldest know the paths the house thereof?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall take him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תִ֭קָּחֶנּוּyou shall take himQal impf 2ms + sfx 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָקַח (H3947) 'you shall take him'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
גְּבוּל֑וֹits borderN c · גְּבוּל (H1366)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'its border'.
וְכִֽיand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'and if'.
תָ֝בִ֗יןdiscerningQal impf 2ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
נְתִיב֥וֹתpathsN c · נְתִיבָה (H5410)Construct chain (genitival)נְתִיבָה (H5410) 'paths'.
בֵּיתֽוֹhis houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'his house'.
21

יָ֭דַעְתָּ כִּי אָ֣ז תִּוָּלֵ֑ד וּמִסְפַּ֖ר יָמֶ֣יךָ רַבִּֽים

Knowest you , because you wast then born? or the number of your days great?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יָ֭דַעְתָּyou knowQal perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'you know'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָ֣זthenart · אָז (H227)Particle or relational elementאָז (H227) 'then'.
תִּוָּלֵ֑דand he fatheredN · יָלַד (H3205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
וּמִסְפַּ֖רor the number ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְפָּר (H4557) 'or the number of'.
יָמֶ֣יךָyour daysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'your days'.
רַבִּֽיםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
22

הֲ֭בָאתָ אֶל אֹצְר֣וֹת שָׁ֑לֶג וְאֹצְר֖וֹת בָּרָ֣ד תִּרְאֶֽה

Hast you entered into the treasures of the snow? or have you seen the treasures of the hail,

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you brought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֲ֭בָאתָyou broughtinterrog. + Qal perf 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'you brought'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֹצְר֣וֹתthe treasury ofN c · אוֹצָר (H214)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹצָר (H214) 'the treasury of'.
שָׁ֑לֶגlike snowN c · שֶׁלֶג (H7950)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁלֶג (H7950) 'like snow'.
וְאֹצְר֖וֹתthe treasury ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · אוֹצָר (H214)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹצָר (H214) 'the treasury of'.
בָּרָ֣דhailN c · בָּרָד (H1259)Construct chain (genitival)בָּרָד (H1259) 'hail'.
תִּרְאֶֽהyou will seeQal impf 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'you will see'.
23

אֲשֶׁר חָשַׂ֥כְתִּי לְעֶת צָ֑ר לְי֥וֹם קְ֝רָ֗ב וּמִלְחָמָֽה

Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'withheld'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
חָשַׂ֥כְתִּיwithheldQal perf 1cs · חָשַׂךְ (H2820)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָשַׂךְ (H2820) 'withheld'.
לְעֶתat the time ofprep + N com c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time of'.
צָ֑רnarrowAdj · צַר (H6862)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
לְי֥וֹםfor the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'for the day'.
קְ֝רָ֗בinN c · קְרָב (H7128)Construct chain (genitival)קְרָב (H7128) 'in'.
וּמִלְחָמָֽהwarconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
24

אֵי זֶ֣ה הַ֭דֶּרֶךְ יֵחָ֣לֶק א֑וֹר יָפֵ֖ץ קָדִ֣ים עֲלֵי אָֽרֶץ

By what way is the light parted, scattereth the east wind upon the earth?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and let be scattered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֵיwhereinterrog. · אֵי (H335)Particle or relational elementאֵי (H335) 'where'.
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
הַ֭דֶּרֶךְthe wayart + N com c sg abs · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way'.
יֵחָ֣לֶקdividesN · חָלַק (H2505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלַק (H2505) 'divides'.
א֑וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
יָפֵ֖ץand let be scatteredHiphil impf 3ms · פוּץ (H6327)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפוּץ (H6327) 'and let be scattered'.
קָדִ֣יםeastN c · קָדִים (H6921)Construct chain (genitival)קָדִים (H6921) 'east'.
עֲלֵיagainst meprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
25

מִֽי פִלַּ֣ג לַשֶּׁ֣טֶף תְּעָלָ֑ה וְ֝דֶ֗רֶךְ לַחֲזִ֥יז קֹלֽוֹת

Who has divided a watercourse for the overflowing of waters, or a way for the lightning of thunder;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was divided'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
פִלַּ֣גwas dividedPiel perf 3ms · פָּלַג (H6385)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּלַג (H6385) 'was divided'.
לַשֶּׁ֣טֶףandprep + art + N com m sg abs · שֶׁטֶף (H7858)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁטֶף (H7858) 'and'.
תְּעָלָ֑הconduitN c · תְּעָלָה (H8585)Construct chain (genitival)תְּעָלָה (H8585) 'conduit'.
וְ֝דֶ֗רֶךְon the wayconj וְ + N com c sg abs · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
לַחֲזִ֥יזbright cloudprep + N com m sg constr · חֲזִיז (H2385)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲזִיז (H2385) 'bright cloud'.
קֹלֽוֹתto the voice ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
26

לְ֭הַמְטִיר עַל אֶ֣רֶץ לֹא אִ֑ישׁ מִ֝דְבָּ֗ר לֹא אָדָ֥ם בּֽוֹ

To cause it to rain on the earth, no man the wilderness, wherein no man;

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'about to rain down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
לְ֭הַמְטִירabout to rain downprep + Hiphil inf constr · מָטַר (H4305)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמָטַר (H4305) 'about to rain down'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אֶ֣רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אִ֑ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
מִ֝דְבָּ֗רthe wilderness ofN c · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Construct chain (genitival)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'the wilderness of'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אָדָ֥םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
בּֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
27

לְהַשְׂבִּ֣יעַ שֹׁ֭אָה וּמְשֹׁאָ֑ה וּ֝לְהַצְמִ֗יחַ מֹ֣צָא דֶֽשֶׁא

To satisfy the desolate and waste ; and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth?

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and be satisfied'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לְהַשְׂבִּ֣יעַand be satisfiedprep + Hiphil inf constr · שָׂבַע (H7646)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
שֹׁ֭אָהandN c · שׁוֹא (H7722)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוֹא (H7722) 'and'.
וּמְשֹׁאָ֑הandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מְשׁוֹאָה (H4875)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְשׁוֹאָה (H4875) 'and'.
וּ֝לְהַצְמִ֗יחַsproutingconj וְ + prep + Hiphil inf constr · צָמַח (H6779)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementצָמַח (H6779) 'sprouting'.
מֹ֣צָאthe utterance ofN c · מוֹצָא (H4161)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹצָא (H4161) 'the utterance of'.
דֶֽשֶׁאvegetationN c · דֶּשֶׁא (H1877)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּשֶׁא (H1877) 'vegetation'.
28

הֲיֵשׁ לַמָּטָ֥ר אָ֑ב א֥וֹ מִי ה֝וֹלִ֗יד אֶגְלֵי טָֽל

Has the rain a father? or who has begotten the drops of dew?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'fathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֲיֵשׁis thereinterrog. + adv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'is there'.
לַמָּטָ֥רfrom the rain ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מָטָר (H4306)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָטָר (H4306) 'from the rain of'.
אָ֑בa fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'a father'.
א֥וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
מִיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
ה֝וֹלִ֗ידfatheredHiphil perf 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָלַד (H3205) 'fathered'.
אֶגְלֵיdropN c · אֶגֶל (H96)Construct chain (genitival)אֶגֶל (H96) 'drop'.
טָֽלdewN c · טַל (H2919)Construct chain (genitival)טַל (H2919) 'dew'.
29

מִבֶּ֣טֶן מִ֭י יָצָ֣א הַקָּ֑רַח וּכְפֹ֥ר שָׁ֝מַיִם מִ֣י יְלָדֽוֹ

Out of whose womb came the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who has gendered it?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'one going out (to)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מִבֶּ֣טֶןfrom the womb ofprep + N com f sg constr · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'from the womb of'.
מִ֭יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יָצָ֣אone going out (to)Qal perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
הַקָּ֑רַחand the frostart + N com m sg abs · קֶרַח (H7140)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרַח (H7140) 'and the frost'.
וּכְפֹ֥רlike frostconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כְּפוֹר (H3713)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּפוֹר (H3713) 'like frost'.
שָׁ֝מַיִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יְלָדֽוֹwere bornQal perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָלַד (H3205) 'were born'.
30

כָּ֭אֶבֶן מַ֣יִם יִתְחַבָּ֑אוּ וּפְנֵ֥י תְ֝ה֗וֹם יִתְלַכָּֽדוּ

The waters are hid as a stone, and the face of the deep is frozen.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'she hid'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
כָּ֭אֶבֶןas a stone,prep + art + N com f sg abs · אֶבֶן (H68)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבֶן (H68) 'as a stone,'.
מַ֣יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
יִתְחַבָּ֑אוּshe hidHithpael impf 3mp · חָבָא (H2244)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָבָא (H2244) 'she hid'.
וּפְנֵ֥יbut my faceconj וְ + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'but my face'.
תְ֝ה֗וֹםthe deepN c · תְּהוֹם (H8415)Construct chain (genitival)תְּהוֹם (H8415) 'the deep'.
יִתְלַכָּֽדוּand was takenHithpael impf 3mp · לָכַד (H3920)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָכַד (H3920) 'and was taken'.
31

הַֽ֭תְקַשֵּׁר מַעֲדַנּ֣וֹת כִּימָ֑ה אֽוֹ מֹשְׁכ֖וֹת כְּסִ֣יל תְּפַתֵּֽחַ

Canst you bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall bind'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַֽ֭תְקַשֵּׁרand you shall bindinterrog. + Piel impf 2ms · קָשַׁר (H7194)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָשַׁר (H7194) 'and you shall bind'.
מַעֲדַנּ֣וֹתinfluenceN c · מַעֲדַנָּה (H4575)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲדַנָּה (H4575) 'influence'.
כִּימָ֑הPleiadesN · כִּימָה (H3598)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כִּימָה (H3598) 'Pleiades'.
אֽוֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
מֹשְׁכ֖וֹתbandN c · מוֹשְׁכָה (H4189)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹשְׁכָה (H4189) 'band'.
כְּסִ֣ילandN c · כְּסִיל (H3685)Construct chain (genitival)כְּסִיל (H3685) 'and'.
תְּפַתֵּֽחַyou shall openPiel impf 2ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּתַח (H6605) 'you shall open'.
32

הֲתֹצִ֣יא מַזָּר֣וֹת בְּעִתּ֑וֹ וְ֝עַ֗יִשׁ עַל בָּנֶ֥יהָ תַנְחֵֽם

Canst you bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst you guide Arcturus with his sons?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֲתֹצִ֣יאand he went outinterrog. + Hiphil impf 2ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
מַזָּר֣וֹתMazzoroth. CompareN · מַזָּרָה (H4216)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַזָּרָה (H4216) 'Mazzoroth. Compare'.
בְּעִתּ֑וֹin its seasonprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'in its season'.
וְ֝עַ֗יִשׁandconj וְ + N proper · עַיִשׁ (H5906)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִשׁ (H5906) 'and'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּנֶ֥יהָher sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'her sons'.
תַנְחֵֽםled himHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 3mp · נָחָה (H5148)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָחָה (H5148) 'led him'.
33

הֲ֭יָדַעְתָּ חֻקּ֣וֹת שָׁמָ֑יִם אִם תָּשִׂ֖ים מִשְׁטָר֣וֹ בָאָֽרֶץ

Knowest you the ordinances of heaven? canst you set the dominion thereof in the earth?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֲ֭יָדַעְתָּI knowinterrog. + Qal perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
חֻקּ֣וֹתa statute ofN c · חֻקָּה (H2708)Construct chain (genitival)חֻקָּה (H2708) 'a statute of'.
שָׁמָ֑יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תָּשִׂ֖יםyou shall setQal impf 2ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'you shall set'.
מִשְׁטָר֣וֹdominionN c · מִשְׁטָר (H4896)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁטָר (H4896) 'dominion'.
בָאָֽרֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
34

הֲתָרִ֣ים לָעָ֣ב קוֹלֶ֑ךָ וְֽשִׁפְעַת מַ֥יִם תְּכַסֶּֽךָּ

Canst you lift up your voice to the clouds, that abundance of waters may cover you?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and tall'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הֲתָרִ֣יםand tallinterrog. + Hiphil impf 2ms · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
לָעָ֣בin the thickness ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · עָב (H5645)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָב (H5645) 'in the thickness of'.
קוֹלֶ֑ךָto the voice ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
וְֽשִׁפְעַתabundanceconj וְ + N com f sg constr · שִׁפְעָה (H8229)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁפְעָה (H8229) 'abundance'.
מַ֥יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
תְּכַסֶּֽךָּthat coversPiel impf 3fs + sfx 2ms · כָּסָה (H3680)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּסָה (H3680) 'that covers'.
35

הַֽתְשַׁלַּ֣ח בְּרָקִ֣ים וְיֵלֵ֑כוּ וְיֹאמְר֖וּ לְךָ֣ הִנֵּֽנוּ

Canst you send lightnings, that they may go, and say to you, Here we ?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הַֽתְשַׁלַּ֣חand he sentinterrog. + Piel impf 2ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
בְּרָקִ֣יםthe flash ofN c · בָּרָק (H1300)Construct chain (genitival)בָּרָק (H1300) 'the flash of'.
וְיֵלֵ֑כוּand they wentconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and they went'.
וְיֹאמְר֖וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'and they said'.
לְךָ֣to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
הִנֵּֽנוּhere we areadv. + sfx 1cp · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'here we are'.
36

מִי שָׁ֭ת בַּטֻּח֣וֹת חָכְמָ֑ה א֤וֹ מִֽי נָתַ֖ן לַשֶּׂ֣כְוִי בִינָֽה

Who has put wisdom in the inward parts? or who has given understanding to the heart?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he set/paid'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
מִיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
שָׁ֭תhe set/paidQal perf 3ms · שִׁית (H7896)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׁית (H7896) 'he set/paid'.
בַּטֻּח֣וֹתinprep + art + N com f pl abs · טֻחָה (H2910)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טֻחָה (H2910) 'in'.
חָכְמָ֑הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
א֤וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
נָתַ֖ןis givingQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
לַשֶּׂ֣כְוִיtoprep + art + N com m sg abs · שֶׂכְוִי (H7907)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׂכְוִי (H7907) 'to'.
בִינָֽהand your understandingN c · בִּינָה (H998)Construct chain (genitival)בִּינָה (H998) 'and your understanding'.
37

מִֽי יְסַפֵּ֣ר שְׁחָקִ֣ים בְּחָכְמָ֑ה וְנִבְלֵ֥י שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם מִ֣י יַשְׁכִּֽיב

Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heaven,

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be counted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יְסַפֵּ֣רshall be countedPiel impf 3ms · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָפַר (H5608) 'shall be counted'.
שְׁחָקִ֣יםthe cloudsN c · שַׁחַק (H7834)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַק (H7834) 'the clouds'.
בְּחָכְמָ֑הin wisdomprep + N com f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'in wisdom'.
וְנִבְלֵ֥יandconj וְ + N com m pl constr · נֶבֶל (H5035)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶבֶל (H5035) 'and'.
שָׁ֝מַ֗יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יַשְׁכִּֽיבand he layHiphil impf 3ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁכַב (H7901) 'and he lay'.
38

בְּצֶ֣קֶת עָ֭פָר לַמּוּצָ֑ק וּרְגָבִ֥ים יְדֻבָּֽקוּ

When the dust groweth into hardness, and the clods cleave fast together?

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he cast'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
בְּצֶ֣קֶתand he castprep + Qal inf constr · יָצַק (H3332)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָצַק (H3332) 'and he cast'.
עָ֭פָרdustN c · עָפָר (H6083)Construct chain (genitival)עָפָר (H6083) 'dust'.
לַמּוּצָ֑קcastingprep + art + N com m sg abs · מוּצָק (H4165)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוּצָק (H4165) 'casting'.
וּרְגָבִ֥יםandconj וְ + N com m pl abs · רֶגֶב (H7263)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶגֶב (H7263) 'and'.
יְדֻבָּֽקוּshall clingPual impf 3mp · דָּבַק (H1692)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּבַק (H1692) 'shall cling'.
39

הֲתָצ֣וּד לְלָבִ֣יא טָ֑רֶף וְחַיַּ֖ת כְּפִירִ֣ים תְּמַלֵּֽא

Wilt you hunt the prey for the lion? or fill the appetite of the young lions,

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and hunt'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הֲתָצ֣וּדand huntinterrog. + Qal impf 2ms · צוּד (H6679)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצוּד (H6679) 'and hunt'.
לְלָבִ֣יאand like a lionessprep + N com c sg abs · לָבִיא (H3833)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָבִיא (H3833) 'and like a lioness'.
טָ֑רֶףpreyN c · טֶרֶף (H2964)Construct chain (genitival)טֶרֶף (H2964) 'prey'.
וְחַיַּ֖תaliveconj וְ + N com f sg constr · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
כְּפִירִ֣יםyoung lionN c · כְּפִיר (H3715)Construct chain (genitival)כְּפִיר (H3715) 'young lion'.
תְּמַלֵּֽאyou shall ordainPiel impf 2ms · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָלֵא (H4390) 'you shall ordain'.
40

כִּי יָשֹׁ֥חוּ בַמְּעוֹנ֑וֹת יֵשְׁב֖וּ בַסֻּכָּ֣ה לְמוֹ אָֽרֶב

When they couch in dens, abide in the covert to lie in wait?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָשֹׁ֥חוּandQal impf 3mp · שָׁחַח (H7817)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁחַח (H7817) 'and'.
בַמְּעוֹנ֑וֹתa dwelling placeprep + art + N com c pl abs · מְעוֹנָה (H4585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְעוֹנָה (H4585) 'a dwelling place'.
יֵשְׁב֖וּlivedQal impf 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'lived'.
בַסֻּכָּ֣הin boothsprep + art + N com f sg abs · סֻכָּה (H5521)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֻכָּה (H5521) 'in booths'.
לְמוֹinprep · לְמוֹ (H3926)Particle or relational elementלְמוֹ (H3926) 'in'.
אָֽרֶבdenN c · אֶרֶב (H695)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶב (H695) 'den'.
41

מִ֤י יָכִ֥ין לָעֹרֵ֗ב צֵ֫יד֥וֹ כִּֽי ילדו יְ֭לָדָיו אֶל אֵ֣ל יְשַׁוֵּ֑עוּ יִ֝תְע֗וּ לִבְלִי אֹֽכֶל

Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry to God, they wander for lack of meat.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'ready'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יָכִ֥יןreadyHiphil impf 3ms · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
לָעֹרֵ֗בravenprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֹרֵב (H6158)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹרֵב (H6158) 'raven'.
צֵ֫יד֥וֹgameN c · צַיִד (H6718)Construct chain (genitival)צַיִד (H6718) 'game'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ילדוthe childN c · יֶלֶד (H3206)Construct chain (genitival)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
יְ֭לָדָיוhis childrenN c · יֶלֶד (H3206)Construct chain (genitival)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'his children'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֵ֣לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
יְשַׁוֵּ֑עוּI cry for helpPiel impf 3mp · שִׁוַּע (H7768)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׁוַּע (H7768) 'I cry for help'.
יִ֝תְע֗וּwanderingQal impf 3mp · תָּעָה (H8582)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּעָה (H8582) 'wandering'.
לִבְלִיwithoutprep + neg. · בְּלִי (H1097)Particle or relational elementבְּלִי (H1097) 'without'.
אֹֽכֶלfoodN c · אֹכֶל (H400)Construct chain (genitival)אֹכֶל (H400) 'food'.