Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Job, Chapter 3איוב 3

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Job 3 (26 verses in the MT) opens: After this opened Job his mouth, and cursed his day. The middle of the chapter continues: With kings and counsellors of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves; It closes: I was not in safety, neither had I rest, neither was I quiet; yet trouble came.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Job 3 comprises 26 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-6) — After this opened Job his mouth, and cursed his day. After this opened Job his mouth, and cursed his day. And Job spake, and said, Let the day perish wherein I was born, and the night it was said, There is a man child conceived. Let that day be darkness; let not God regard it from above, neither let the light shine upon it. Let darkness and the shadow of death stain it; let a cloud dwell upon it; let the. Movement II (vv. 7-12) — Lo, let that night be solitary, let no joyful voice come therein. Lo, let that night be solitary, let no joyful voice come therein. Let them curse it that curse the day, who are ready to raise up their mourning. Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but none; neither let it see the dawning of the day: Because it shut not up the doors of my womb, nor hid sorrow from mine eyes. Why died I not. Movement III (vv. 13-18) — For now should I have lain still and been quiet, I should have slept: th. For now should I have lain still and been quiet, I should have slept: then had I been at rest, With kings and counsellors of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves; Or with princes that had gold, who filled their houses with silver: Or as an hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants never saw light. There the wicked cease troubling;. Movement IV (vv. 19-24) — The small and great are there; and the servant free from his master. The small and great are there; and the servant free from his master. Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life to the bitter soul; Which long for death, but it not; and dig for it more than for hid treasures; Which rejoice exceedingly, are glad, when they can find the grave? to a man whose way is hid, and whom God has hedged in? For my. Movement V (vv. 25-26) — For the thing which I greatly feared is come upon me, and that which I w. For the thing which I greatly feared is come upon me, and that which I was afraid of is come to me. I was not in safety, neither had I rest, neither was I quiet; yet trouble came. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

אַחֲרֵי כֵ֗ן פָּתַ֤ח אִיּוֹב֙ אֶת פִּ֔יהוּ וַיְקַלֵּ֖ל אֶת יוֹמֽוֹ

After this opened Job his mouth, and cursed his day.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'surely (open)'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אַחֲרֵיafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
כֵ֗ןsoart · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
פָּתַ֤חsurely (open)Qal perf 3ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּתַח (H6605) 'surely (open)'.
אִיּוֹב֙JobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
פִּ֔יהוּhis mouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'his mouth'.
וַיְקַלֵּ֖לand he cursedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָלַל (H7043) 'and he cursed'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יוֹמֽוֹhis dayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'his day'.
2

וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר

And Job spake, and said,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
וַיַּ֥עַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
אִיּ֗וֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
וַיֹּאמַֽרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
3

יֹ֣אבַד י֭וֹם אִוָּ֣לֶד בּ֑וֹ וְהַלַּ֥יְלָה אָ֝מַ֗ר הֹ֣רָה גָֽבֶר

Let the day perish wherein I was born, and the night it was said, There is a man child conceived.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'your perishing'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יֹ֣אבַדyour perishingQal impf 3ms · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
י֭וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
אִוָּ֣לֶדand he fatheredN · יָלַד (H3205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
בּ֑וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וְהַלַּ֥יְלָהthe nightconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'the night'.
אָ֝מַ֗רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
הֹ֣רָהand she conceivedPual perf 3ms · הָרָה (H2029)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָרָה (H2029) 'and she conceived'.
גָֽבֶרa manN c · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
4

הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֗וּא יְֽהִ֫י חֹ֥שֶׁךְ אַֽל יִדְרְשֵׁ֣הוּ אֱל֣וֹהַּ מִמָּ֑עַל וְאַל תּוֹפַ֖ע עָלָ֣יו נְהָרָֽה

Let that day be darkness; let not God regard it from above, neither let the light shine upon it.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'let there be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
הַיּ֥וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַה֗וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יְֽהִ֫יlet there beQal jussive 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'let there be'.
חֹ֥שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
יִדְרְשֵׁ֣הוּI will requireQal jussive 3ms + sfx 3ms · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'I will require'.
אֱל֣וֹהַּGodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
מִמָּ֑עַלaboveprep + art · מַעְלָה (H4605)Particle or relational elementמַעְלָה (H4605) 'above'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תּוֹפַ֖עhe shone forthHiphil jussive 3fs · יָפַע (H3313)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָפַע (H3313) 'he shone forth'.
עָלָ֣יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
נְהָרָֽהlightN c · נְהָרָה (H5105)Construct chain (genitival)נְהָרָה (H5105) 'light'.
5

יִגְאָלֻ֡הוּ חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וְ֭צַלְמָוֶת תִּשְׁכָּן עָלָ֣יו עֲנָנָ֑ה יְ֝בַעֲתֻ֗הוּ כִּֽמְרִ֥ירֵי יֽוֹם

Let darkness and the shadow of death stain it; let a cloud dwell upon it; let the blackness of the day terrify it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'the avenger of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
יִגְאָלֻ֡הוּthe avenger ofQal impf 3mp + sfx 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּאַל (H1350) 'the avenger of'.
חֹ֣שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
וְ֭צַלְמָוֶתshadow of deathconj וְ + N com m sg abs · צַלְמָוֶת (H6757)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַלְמָוֶת (H6757) 'shadow of death'.
תִּשְׁכָּןto make dwellQal impf 3fs · שָׁכַן (H7931)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to make dwell'.
עָלָ֣יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
עֲנָנָ֑הcloudN c · עֲנָנָה (H6053)Construct chain (genitival)עֲנָנָה (H6053) 'cloud'.
יְ֝בַעֲתֻ֗הוּandPiel impf 3mp + sfx 3ms · בָּעַת (H1204)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּעַת (H1204) 'and'.
כִּֽמְרִ֥ירֵיblacknessN c · כִּמְרִיר (H3650)Construct chain (genitival)כִּמְרִיר (H3650) 'blackness'.
יֽוֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
6

הַלַּ֥יְלָה הַהוּא֮ יִקָּחֵ֪ה֫וּ אֹ֥פֶל אַל יִ֭חַדְּ בִּימֵ֣י שָׁנָ֑ה בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר יְ֝רָחִ֗ים אַל יָבֹֽא

As that night, let darkness seize upon it; let it not be joined to the days of the year, let it not come into the number of the months.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'catches him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
הַלַּ֥יְלָהthe nightart + N com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'the night'.
הַהוּא֮thatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יִקָּחֵ֪ה֫וּcatches himQal impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָקַח (H3947) 'catches him'.
אֹ֥פֶלandN c · אֹפֶל (H652)Construct chain (genitival)אֹפֶל (H652) 'and'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
יִ֭חַדְּand he rejoicedQal jussive 3ms · חָדָה (H2302)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalחָדָה (H2302) 'and he rejoiced'.
בִּימֵ֣יin the days ofprep + N com m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'in the days of'.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'years'.
בְּמִסְפַּ֥רby the number ofprep + N com m sg constr · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְפָּר (H4557) 'by the number of'.
יְ֝רָחִ֗יםthe monthsN c · יֶרַח (H3391)Construct chain (genitival)יֶרַח (H3391) 'the months'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
יָבֹֽאshall enterQal jussive 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבּוֹא (H935) 'shall enter'.
7

הִנֵּ֤ה הַלַּ֣יְלָה הַ֭הוּא יְהִ֣י גַלְמ֑וּד אַל תָּבֹ֖א רְנָנָ֣ה בֽוֹ

Lo, let that night be solitary, let no joyful voice come therein.

Jussive — volitionalhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'let there be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
הַלַּ֣יְלָהthe nightart + N com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'the night'.
הַ֭הוּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יְהִ֣יlet there beQal jussive 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'let there be'.
גַלְמ֑וּדandAdj · גַּלְמוּד (H1565)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּלְמוּד (H1565) 'and'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תָּבֹ֖אyou comeQal jussive 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
רְנָנָ֣הjoyfulN c · רְנָנָה (H7445)Construct chain (genitival)רְנָנָה (H7445) 'joyful'.
בֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
8

יִקְּבֻ֥הוּ אֹרְרֵי י֑וֹם הָ֝עֲתִידִ֗ים עֹרֵ֥ר לִוְיָתָֽן

Let them curse it that curse the day, who are ready to raise up their mourning.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he pierced/blasphemed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יִקְּבֻ֥הוּand he pierced/blasphemedQal impf 3mp + sfx 3ms · נָקַב (H5344)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָקַב (H5344) 'and he pierced/blasphemed'.
אֹרְרֵיcursedQal ptc mp · אָרוּר (H779)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרוּר (H779) 'cursed'.
י֑וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הָ֝עֲתִידִ֗יםthe things preparedart + Adj · עָתִיד (H6264)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָתִיד (H6264) 'the things prepared'.
עֹרֵ֥רawakePolel inf constr · עוּר (H5782)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
לִוְיָתָֽןleviathanN c · לִוְיָתָן (H3882)Construct chain (genitival)לִוְיָתָן (H3882) 'leviathan'.
9

יֶחְשְׁכוּ֮ כּוֹכְבֵ֪י נִ֫שְׁפּ֥וֹ יְקַו לְא֥וֹר וָאַ֑יִן וְאַל יִ֝רְאֶ֗ה בְּעַפְעַפֵּי שָֽׁחַר

Let the stars of the twilight thereof be dark; let it look for light, but none; neither let it see the dawning of the day:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and...was darkened'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
יֶחְשְׁכוּ֮and...was darkenedQal impf 3mp · חָשַׁךְ (H2821)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָשַׁךְ (H2821) 'and...was darkened'.
כּוֹכְבֵ֪יthe starsN c · כּוֹכָב (H3556)Construct chain (genitival)כּוֹכָב (H3556) 'the stars'.
נִ֫שְׁפּ֥וֹfromN c · נֶשֶׁף (H5399)Construct chain (genitival)נֶשֶׁף (H5399) 'from'.
יְקַוlet be gatheredPiel impf 3ms · קָוָה (H6960)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
לְא֥וֹרto the lightprep + N com c sg abs · אוֹר (H216)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹר (H216) 'to the light'.
וָאַ֑יִןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
יִ֝רְאֶ֗הshall be seenQal jussive 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall be seen'.
בְּעַפְעַפֵּיandprep + N com m pl constr · עַפְעַף (H6079)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַפְעַף (H6079) 'and'.
שָֽׁחַרthe dawnN c · שַׁחַר (H7837)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַר (H7837) 'the dawn'.
10

כִּ֤י לֹ֣א סָ֭גַר דַּלְתֵ֣י בִטְנִ֑י וַיַּסְתֵּ֥ר עָ֝מָ֗ל מֵעֵינָֽי

Because it shut not up the doors of my womb, nor hid sorrow from mine eyes.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has shut'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
סָ֭גַרhas shutQal perf 3ms · סָגַר (H5462)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָגַר (H5462) 'has shut'.
דַּלְתֵ֣יthe doorN c · דֶּלֶת (H1817)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּלֶת (H1817) 'the door'.
בִטְנִ֑יmy bodyN c · בֶּטֶן (H990)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'my body'.
וַיַּסְתֵּ֥רand he hidconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · סָתַר (H5641)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָתַר (H5641) 'and he hid'.
עָ֝מָ֗לtroubleN c · עָמָל (H5999)Construct chain (genitival)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
מֵעֵינָֽיfrom the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr + sfx 1cs · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'from the eyes of'.
11

לָ֤מָּה לֹּ֣א מֵרֶ֣חֶם אָמ֑וּת מִבֶּ֖טֶן יָצָ֣אתִי וְאֶגְוָֽע

Why died I not from the womb? did I give up the ghost when I came out of the belly?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I die'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לָ֤מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
לֹּ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
מֵרֶ֣חֶםfrom the womb ofprep + N com m sg abs · רֶחֶם (H7358)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶחֶם (H7358) 'from the womb of'.
אָמ֑וּתI dieQal impf 1cs · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'I die'.
מִבֶּ֖טֶןfrom the womb ofprep + N com f sg abs · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'from the womb of'.
יָצָ֣אתִיI came outQal perf 1cs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'I came out'.
וְאֶגְוָֽעbreathed his lastconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · גָּוַע (H1478)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּוַע (H1478) 'breathed his last'.
12

מַ֭דּוּעַ קִדְּמ֣וּנִי בִרְכָּ֑יִם וּמַה שָּׁ֝דַ֗יִם כִּ֣י אִינָֽק

Why did the knees prevent me? or why the breasts that I should suck?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they met'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מַ֭דּוּעַwhyinterrog. · מַדּוּעַ (H4069)Particle or relational elementמַדּוּעַ (H4069) 'why'.
קִדְּמ֣וּנִיthey metPiel perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · קָדַם (H6923)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָדַם (H6923) 'they met'.
בִרְכָּ֑יִםthe kneesN c · בֶּרֶךְ (H1290)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּרֶךְ (H1290) 'the knees'.
וּמַהand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
שָּׁ֝דַ֗יִםbreastsN c · שַׁד (H7699)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁד (H7699) 'breasts'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִינָֽקnursing infantQal impf 1cs · יָנַק (H3243)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָנַק (H3243) 'nursing infant'.
13

כִּֽי עַ֭תָּה שָׁכַ֣בְתִּי וְאֶשְׁק֑וֹט יָ֝שַׁ֗נְתִּי אָ֤ז יָנ֬וּחַֽ לִֽי

For now should I have lain still and been quiet, I should have slept: then had I been at rest,

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I lay'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַ֭תָּהnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
שָׁכַ֣בְתִּיI layQal perf 1cs · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁכַב (H7901) 'I lay'.
וְאֶשְׁק֑וֹטand it had restconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · שָׁקַט (H8252)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁקַט (H8252) 'and it had rest'.
יָ֝שַׁ֗נְתִּיand grow long settledQal perf 1cs · יָשַׁן (H3462)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָשַׁן (H3462) 'and grow long settled'.
אָ֤זthenart · אָז (H227)Particle or relational elementאָז (H227) 'then'.
יָנ֬וּחַֽmay restQal impf 3ms · נוּחַ (H5117)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנוּחַ (H5117) 'may rest'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
14

עִם מְ֭לָכִים וְיֹ֣עֲצֵי אָ֑רֶץ הַבֹּנִ֖ים חֳרָב֣וֹת לָֽמוֹ

With kings and counsellors of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves;

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'let me advise you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
מְ֭לָכִיםkingsN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings'.
וְיֹ֣עֲצֵיlet me advise youconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · יָעַץ (H3289)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
הַבֹּנִ֖יםand he builtart + Qal ptc mp · בָּנָה (H1129)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּנָה (H1129) 'and he built'.
חֳרָב֣וֹתa ruinN c · חָרְבָּה (H2723)Construct chain (genitival)חָרְבָּה (H2723) 'a ruin'.
לָֽמוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
15

א֣וֹ עִם שָׂ֭רִים זָהָ֣ב לָהֶ֑ם הַֽמְמַלְאִ֖ים בָּתֵּיהֶ֣ם כָּֽסֶף

Or with princes that had gold, who filled their houses with silver:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he wholly followed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
א֣וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
שָׂ֭רִיםprincesN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'princes'.
זָהָ֣בgoldN c · זָהָב (H2091)Construct chain (genitival)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'.
לָהֶ֑םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
הַֽמְמַלְאִ֖יםhe wholly followedart + Piel ptc mp · מָלֵא (H4390)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָלֵא (H4390) 'he wholly followed'.
בָּתֵּיהֶ֣םtheir householdsN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'their households'.
כָּֽסֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
16

א֤וֹ כְנֵ֣פֶל טָ֭מוּן לֹ֣א אֶהְיֶ֑ה כְּ֝עֹלְלִ֗ים לֹא רָ֥אוּ אֽוֹר

Or as an hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants never saw light.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'hidden'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
א֤וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
כְנֵ֣פֶלas / likeprep + N com m sg abs · נֶפֶל (H5309)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶל (H5309) 'as / like'.
טָ֭מוּןhiddenQal ptc ms · טָמַן (H2934)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorטָמַן (H2934) 'hidden'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶהְיֶ֑הI will beQal impf 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'I will be'.
כְּ֝עֹלְלִ֗יםfromprep + N com m pl abs · עוֹלֵל (H5768)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלֵל (H5768) 'from'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
רָ֥אוּsawQal perf 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'saw'.
אֽוֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
17

שָׁ֣ם רְ֭שָׁעִים חָ֣דְלוּ רֹ֑גֶז וְשָׁ֥ם יָ֝נ֗וּחוּ יְגִ֣יעֵי כֹֽחַ

There the wicked cease troubling; and there the weary be at rest.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'ceased'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שָׁ֣םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
רְ֭שָׁעִיםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
חָ֣דְלוּceasedQal perf 3cp · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָדַל (H2308) 'ceased'.
רֹ֑גֶזandN c · רֹגֶז (H7267)Construct chain (genitival)רֹגֶז (H7267) 'and'.
וְשָׁ֥םand thereconj וְ + art · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'and there'.
יָ֝נ֗וּחוּgives restQal impf 3mp · נוּחַ (H5117)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנוּחַ (H5117) 'gives rest'.
יְגִ֣יעֵיwearyAdj · יָגִיעַ (H3019)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָגִיעַ (H3019) 'weary'.
כֹֽחַpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
18

יַ֭חַד אֲסִירִ֣ים שַׁאֲנָ֑נוּ לֹ֥א שָׁ֝מְע֗וּ ק֣וֹל נֹגֵֽשׂ

the prisoners rest together; they hear not the voice of the oppressor.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יַ֭חַדtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
אֲסִירִ֣יםthe prisoners ofN c · אָסִיר (H615)Construct chain (genitival)אָסִיר (H615) 'the prisoners of'.
שַׁאֲנָ֑נוּandPalel perf 3cp · שָׁאַן (H7599)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁאַן (H7599) 'and'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁ֝מְע֗וּhis hearingQal perf 3cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
ק֣וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
נֹגֵֽשׂthe taskmasters ofQal ptc ms · נָגַשׂ (H5065)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַשׂ (H5065) 'the taskmasters of'.
19

קָטֹ֣ן וְ֭גָדוֹל שָׁ֣ם ה֑וּא וְ֝עֶ֗בֶד חָפְשִׁ֥י מֵאֲדֹנָֽיו

The small and great are there; and the servant free from his master.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
קָטֹ֣ןyoungAdj · קָטֹן (H6996)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָטֹן (H6996) 'young'.
וְ֭גָדוֹלgreatconj וְ + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
שָׁ֣םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
ה֑וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
וְ֝עֶ֗בֶדand male servantconj וְ + N com m sg abs · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'and male servant'.
חָפְשִׁ֥יfreeAdj · חָפְשִׁי (H2670)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָפְשִׁי (H2670) 'free'.
מֵאֲדֹנָֽיוmy lordprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אָדוֹן (H113)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
20

לָ֤מָּה יִתֵּ֣ן לְעָמֵ֣ל א֑וֹר וְ֝חַיִּ֗ים לְמָ֣רֵי נָֽפֶשׁ

Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life to the bitter soul;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'would give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לָ֤מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
יִתֵּ֣ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
לְעָמֵ֣לworkmenprep + Adj · עָמֵל (H6001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמֵל (H6001) 'workmen'.
א֑וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
וְ֝חַיִּ֗יםaliveconj וְ + N com m pl abs · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
לְמָ֣רֵיof bitternessprep + Adj · מַר (H4751)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַר (H4751) 'of bitterness'.
נָֽפֶשׁa personN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'a person'.
21

הַֽמְחַכִּ֣ים לַמָּ֣וֶת וְאֵינֶ֑נּוּ וַֽ֝יַּחְפְּרֻ֗הוּ מִמַּטְמוֹנִֽים

Which long for death, but it not; and dig for it more than for hid treasures;

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
הַֽמְחַכִּ֣יםandart + Piel ptc mp · חָכָה (H2442)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָכָה (H2442) 'and'.
לַמָּ֣וֶתthe death ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מָוֶת (H4194)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
וְאֵינֶ֑נּוּand he was notconj וְ + neg. + sfx 3ms · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and he was not'.
וַֽ֝יַּחְפְּרֻ֗הוּand they dugconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3ms · חָפַר (H2658)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָפַר (H2658) 'and they dug'.
מִמַּטְמוֹנִֽיםtreasure / hidden giftprep + N com m pl abs · מַטְמוֹן (H4301)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַטְמוֹן (H4301) 'treasure / hidden gift'.
22

הַשְּׂמֵחִ֥ים אֱלֵי גִ֑יל יָ֝שִׂ֗ישׂוּ כִּ֣י יִמְצְאוּ קָֽבֶר

Which rejoice exceedingly, are glad, when they can find the grave?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he rejoiced'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַשְּׂמֵחִ֥יםand you shall rejoiceart + Adj · שָׂמַח (H8055)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
אֱלֵיto meprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
גִ֑ילandN c · גִּיל (H1524)Construct chain (genitival)גִּיל (H1524) 'and'.
יָ֝שִׂ֗ישׂוּhe rejoicedQal impf 3mp · שׂוּשׂ (H7797)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׂוּשׂ (H7797) 'he rejoiced'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יִמְצְאוּthey are findingQal impf 3mp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'they are finding'.
קָֽבֶרburialN c · קֶבֶר (H6913)Construct chain (genitival)קֶבֶר (H6913) 'burial'.
23

לְ֭גֶבֶר אֲשֶׁר דַּרְכּ֣וֹ נִסְתָּ֑רָה וַיָּ֖סֶךְ אֱל֣וֹהַּ בַּעֲדֽוֹ

to a man whose way is hid, and whom God has hedged in?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he screened off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לְ֭גֶבֶרa manprep + N com m sg abs · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
דַּרְכּ֣וֹhis journeyN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'his journey'.
נִסְתָּ֑רָהI will hideN · סָתַר (H5641)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָתַר (H5641) 'I will hide'.
וַיָּ֖סֶךְand he screened offconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · סָכַךְ (H5526)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָכַךְ (H5526) 'and he screened off'.
אֱל֣וֹהַּGodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
בַּעֲדֽוֹfor himselfprep + sfx 3ms · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'for himself'.
24

כִּֽי לִפְנֵ֣י לַ֭חְמִי אַנְחָתִ֣י תָבֹ֑א וַֽיִּתְּכ֥וּ כַ֝מַּ֗יִם שַׁאֲגֹתָֽי

For my sighing cometh before I eat, and my roarings are poured out like the waters.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
לַ֭חְמִיmy foodN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'my food'.
אַנְחָתִ֣יandN c · אֲנָחָה (H585)Construct chain (genitival)אֲנָחָה (H585) 'and'.
תָבֹ֑אyou comeQal impf 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
וַֽיִּתְּכ֥וּpouredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַךְ (H5413)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַךְ (H5413) 'poured'.
כַ֝מַּ֗יִםlike waterprep + art + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'like water'.
שַׁאֲגֹתָֽיroaringN c · שְׁאָגָה (H7581)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁאָגָה (H7581) 'roaring'.
25

כִּ֤י פַ֣חַד פָּ֭חַדְתִּי וַיֶּאֱתָיֵ֑נִי וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָ֝גֹ֗רְתִּי יָ֣בֹא לִֽי

For the thing which I greatly feared is come upon me, and that which I was afraid of is come to me.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and you will dread'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
פַ֣חַדthe dread of youN c · פַּחַד (H6343)Construct chain (genitival)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
פָּ֭חַדְתִּיand you will dreadQal perf 1cs · פָּחַד (H6342)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּחַד (H6342) 'and you will dread'.
וַיֶּאֱתָיֵ֑נִיand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 1cs · אָתָה (H857)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָתָה (H857) 'and he came'.
וַאֲשֶׁ֥רand whoconj וְ + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and who'.
יָ֝גֹ֗רְתִּיI was afraidQal perf 1cs · יָגֹר (H3025)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָגֹר (H3025) 'I was afraid'.
יָ֣בֹאshall enterQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'shall enter'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
26

לֹ֤א שָׁלַ֨וְתִּי וְלֹ֖א שָׁקַ֥טְתִּי וְֽלֹא נָ֗חְתִּי וַיָּ֥בֹא רֹֽגֶז

I was not in safety, neither had I rest, neither was I quiet; yet trouble came.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'be happy'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁלַ֨וְתִּיbe happyQal perf 1cs · שָׁלָה (H7951)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלָה (H7951) 'be happy'.
וְלֹ֖אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
שָׁקַ֥טְתִּיand it had restQal perf 1cs · שָׁקַט (H8252)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁקַט (H8252) 'and it had rest'.
וְֽלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נָ֗חְתִּיgives restQal perf 1cs · נוּחַ (H5117)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּחַ (H5117) 'gives rest'.
וַיָּ֥בֹאand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
רֹֽגֶזandN c · רֹגֶז (H7267)Construct chain (genitival)רֹגֶז (H7267) 'and'.