1
רוּחִ֣י חֻ֭בָּלָה יָמַ֥י נִזְעָ֗כוּ קְבָרִ֥ים לִֽי
My breath is corrupt, my days are extinct, the graves for me.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he shall take in pledge'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
רוּחִ֣יmy SpiritN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'my Spirit'.
חֻ֭בָּלָהhe shall take in pledgePual perf 3fs · חָבַל (H2254)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָבַל (H2254) 'he shall take in pledge'.
יָמַ֥יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
נִזְעָ֗כוּbe extinctN · זָעַךְ (H2193)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָעַךְ (H2193) 'be extinct'.
קְבָרִ֥יםgravesN c · קֶבֶר (H6913)Construct chain (genitival)קֶבֶר (H6913) 'graves'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
2
אִם לֹ֣א הֲ֭תֻלִים עִמָּדִ֑י וּ֝בְהַמְּרוֹתָ֗ם תָּלַ֥ן עֵינִֽי
not mockers with me? and does not mine eye continue in their provocation?
Conditional ʼim. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'you rebelled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הֲ֭תֻלִיםmockerN c · הָתֹל (H2049)Construct chain (genitival)הָתֹל (H2049) 'mocker'.
עִמָּדִ֑יwith meprep + sfx 1cs · עִמָּד (H5978)Particle or relational elementעִמָּד (H5978) 'with me'.
וּ֝בְהַמְּרוֹתָ֗םyou rebelledconj וְ + prep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 3mp · מָרָה (H4784)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמָרָה (H4784) 'you rebelled'.
תָּלַ֥ןand they lodgedQal impf 3fs · לוּן (H3885)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלוּן (H3885) 'and they lodged'.
עֵינִֽיthe eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
3
שִֽׂימָה נָּ֭א עָרְבֵ֣נִי עִמָּ֑ךְ מִֽי ה֝֗וּא לְיָדִ֥י יִתָּקֵֽעַ
Lay down now, put me in a surety with you; who he will strike hands with me?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'put it'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שִֽׂימָהput itQal impv 2ms + Sh · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשִׂים (H7760) 'put it'.
נָּ֭אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
עָרְבֵ֣נִיwill be surety for himQal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · עָרַב (H6148)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָרַב (H6148) 'will be surety for him'.
עִמָּ֑ךְwith youprep + sfx 2fs · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with you'.
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
ה֝֗וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
לְיָדִ֥יby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
יִתָּקֵֽעַand they blewN · תָּקַע (H8628)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּקַע (H8628) 'and they blew'.
4
כִּֽי לִ֭בָּם צָפַ֣נְתָּ מִּשָּׂ֑כֶל עַל כֵּ֝֗ן לֹ֣א תְרֹמֵֽם
For you have hid their heart from understanding: therefore shall you not exalt .
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and she hid him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לִ֭בָּםtheir heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'their heart'.
צָפַ֣נְתָּand she hid himQal perf 2ms · צָפַן (H6845)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצָפַן (H6845) 'and she hid him'.
מִּשָּׂ֑כֶלdiscretionprep + N com m sg abs · שֶׂכֶל (H7922)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׂכֶל (H7922) 'discretion'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֝֗ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תְרֹמֵֽםand tallPolel impf 2ms · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
5
לְ֭חֵלֶק יַגִּ֣יד רֵעִ֑ים וְעֵינֵ֖י בָנָ֣יו תִּכְלֶֽנָה
He that speaketh flattery to friends, even the eyes of his children shall fail.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he testifies'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לְ֭חֵלֶקportionprep + N com m sg abs · חֵלֶק (H2506)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵלֶק (H2506) 'portion'.
יַגִּ֣ידhe testifiesHiphil impf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'he testifies'.
רֵעִ֑יםhis neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
וְעֵינֵ֖יand eyes ofconj וְ + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'and eyes of'.
בָנָ֣יוhis sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
תִּכְלֶֽנָהyou shall finish itQal impf 3fp · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּלָה (H3615) 'you shall finish it'.
6
וְֽ֭הִצִּגַנִי לִמְשֹׁ֣ל עַמִּ֑ים וְתֹ֖פֶת לְפָנִ֣ים אֶֽהְיֶֽה
He has made me also a byword of the people; and aforetime I was as a tabret.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְֽ֭הִצִּגַנִיto setconj וְ + Hiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · יָצַג (H3322)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצַג (H3322) 'to set'.
לִמְשֹׁ֣לtoprep + Qal inf constr · מְשֹׁל (H4914)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמְשֹׁל (H4914) 'to'.
עַמִּ֑יםpeoplesN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'peoples'.
וְתֹ֖פֶתandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · תֹּפֶת (H8611)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֹּפֶת (H8611) 'and'.
לְפָנִ֣יםformerlyprep + N com c pl abs · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'formerly'.
אֶֽהְיֶֽהI will beQal impf 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'I will be'.
7
וַתֵּ֣כַהּ מִכַּ֣עַשׂ עֵינִ֑י וִֽיצֻרַ֖י כַּצֵּ֣ל כֻּלָּֽם
Mine eye also is dim by reason of sorrow, and all my members as a shadow.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'was dim'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַתֵּ֣כַהּwas dimconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · כָּהָה (H3543)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּהָה (H3543) 'was dim'.
מִכַּ֣עַשׂthe provocation ofprep + N com m sg abs · כַּעַס (H3708)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּעַס (H3708) 'the provocation of'.
עֵינִ֑יthe eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
וִֽיצֻרַ֖יandconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · יָצֻר (H3338)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָצֻר (H3338) 'and'.
כַּצֵּ֣לin the shadow ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · צֵל (H6738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֵל (H6738) 'in the shadow of'.
כֻּלָּֽםall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
8
יָשֹׁ֣מּוּ יְשָׁרִ֣ים עַל זֹ֑את וְ֝נָקִ֗י עַל חָנֵ֥ף יִתְעֹרָֽר
Upright shall be astonied at this, and the innocent shall stir up himself against the hypocrite.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and I will desolate'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יָשֹׁ֣מּוּand I will desolateQal impf 3mp · שָׁמֵם (H8074)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמֵם (H8074) 'and I will desolate'.
יְשָׁרִ֣יםthe uprightAdj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'the upright'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
זֹ֑אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
וְ֝נָקִ֗יand the innocentconj וְ + Adj · נָקִי (H5355)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָקִי (H5355) 'and the innocent'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
חָנֵ֥ףhypocriteAdj · חָנֵף (H2611)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָנֵף (H2611) 'hypocrite'.
יִתְעֹרָֽרawakeHithpolel impf 3ms · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
9
וְיֹאחֵ֣ז צַדִּ֣יק דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וּֽטֳהָר יָ֝דַ֗יִם יֹסִ֥יף אֹֽמֶץ
The righteous also shall hold on his way, and he that has clean hands shall be stronger and stronger.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they took hold'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְיֹאחֵ֣זand they took holdconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · אָחַז (H270)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָחַז (H270) 'and they took hold'.
צַדִּ֣יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
דַּרְכּ֑וֹhis journeyN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'his journey'.
וּֽטֳהָרand he shall be cleanconj וְ + Adj · טָהֵר (H2891)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָהֵר (H2891) 'and he shall be clean'.
יָ֝דַ֗יִםhandsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'hands'.
יֹסִ֥יףhe shall add [exceed]Hiphil impf 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add [exceed]'.
אֹֽמֶץstrongerN c · אֹמֶץ (H555)Construct chain (genitival)אֹמֶץ (H555) 'stronger'.
10
וְֽאוּלָ֗ם כֻּלָּ֣ם תָּ֭שֻׁבוּ וּבֹ֣אוּ נָ֑א וְלֹֽא אֶמְצָ֖א בָכֶ֣ם חָכָֽם
But as for you all, do you return, and come now: for I cannot find wise among you.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall return'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְֽאוּלָ֗םbutconj וְ + art · אוּלָם (H199)Particle or relational elementאוּלָם (H199) 'but'.
כֻּלָּ֣םall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
תָּ֭שֻׁבוּyou shall returnQal impf 2mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'you shall return'.
וּבֹ֣אוּand they will comeconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935) 'and they will come'.
נָ֑אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אֶמְצָ֖אI findQal impf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'I find'.
בָכֶ֣םagainst youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against you'.
חָכָֽםwise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
11
יָמַ֣י עָ֭בְרוּ זִמֹּתַ֣י נִתְּק֑וּ מ֖וֹרָשֵׁ֣י לְבָבִֽי
My days are past, my purposes are broken off, the thoughts of my heart.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'cross over'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יָמַ֣יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
עָ֭בְרוּcross overQal perf 3cp · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַר (H5674) 'cross over'.
זִמֹּתַ֣יdepravityN c · זִמָּה (H2154)Construct chain (genitival)זִמָּה (H2154) 'depravity'.
נִתְּק֑וּwere liftedN · נָתַק (H5423)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתַק (H5423) 'were lifted'.
מ֖וֹרָשֵׁ֣יtoN c · מוֹרָשׁ (H4180)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹרָשׁ (H4180) 'to'.
לְבָבִֽיmy heartN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'my heart'.
12
לַ֭יְלָה לְי֣וֹם יָשִׂ֑ימוּ א֝֗וֹר קָר֥וֹב מִפְּנֵי חֹֽשֶׁךְ
They change the night into day: the light short because of darkness.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they place'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לַ֭יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
לְי֣וֹםfor the dayprep + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'for the day'.
יָשִׂ֑ימוּthey placeQal impf 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'they place'.
א֝֗וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
קָר֥וֹבnearAdj · קָרוֹב (H7138)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרוֹב (H7138) 'near'.
מִפְּנֵיbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
חֹֽשֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
13
אִם אֲ֭קַוֶּה שְׁא֣וֹל בֵּיתִ֑י בַּ֝חֹ֗שֶׁךְ רִפַּ֥דְתִּי יְצוּעָֽי
If I wait, the grave mine house: I have made my bed in the darkness.
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'let be gathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֲ֭קַוֶּהlet be gatheredPiel impf 1cs · קָוָה (H6960)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
שְׁא֣וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
בֵּיתִ֑יmy houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'my house'.
בַּ֝חֹ֗שֶׁךְin the darkprep + art + N com m sg abs · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'in the dark'.
רִפַּ֥דְתִּיcomfortPiel perf 1cs · רָפַד (H7502)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָפַד (H7502) 'comfort'.
יְצוּעָֽיmy couchN c · יָצוּעַ (H3326)Construct chain (genitival)יָצוּעַ (H3326) 'my couch'.
14
לַשַּׁ֣חַת קָ֭רָאתִי אָ֣בִי אָ֑תָּה אִמִּ֥י וַ֝אֲחֹתִ֗י לָֽרִמָּֽה
I have said to corruption, You my father: to the worm, my mother, and my sister.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לַשַּׁ֣חַתtoprep + art + N com f sg abs · שַׁחַת (H7845)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁחַת (H7845) 'to'.
קָ֭רָאתִיI have calledQal perf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'I have called'.
אָ֣בִיmy fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'my father'.
אָ֑תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
אִמִּ֥יmy motherN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'my mother'.
וַ֝אֲחֹתִ֗יsister ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָחוֹת (H269)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָחוֹת (H269) 'sister of'.
לָֽרִמָּֽהand a wormprep + art + N com f sg abs · רִמָּה (H7415)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִמָּה (H7415) 'and a worm'.
15
וְ֭אַיֵּה אֵפ֣וֹ תִקְוָתִ֑י וְ֝תִקְוָתִ֗י מִ֣י יְשׁוּרֶֽנָּה
And where now my hope? as for my hope, who shall see it?
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I behold him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְ֭אַיֵּהbut where isconj וְ + interrog. · אַיֵּה (H346)Particle or relational elementאַיֵּה (H346) 'but where is'.
אֵפ֣וֹthenart · אֵפוֹא (H645)Particle or relational elementאֵפוֹא (H645) 'then'.
תִקְוָתִ֑יmy hopeN c · תִּקְוָה (H8615)Construct chain (genitival)תִּקְוָה (H8615) 'my hope'.
וְ֝תִקְוָתִ֗יthe cord ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · תִּקְוָה (H8615)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תִּקְוָה (H8615) 'the cord of'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יְשׁוּרֶֽנָּהI behold himQal impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · שׁוּר (H7789)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּר (H7789) 'I behold him'.
16
בַּדֵּ֣י שְׁאֹ֣ל תֵּרַ֑דְנָה אִם יַ֖חַד עַל עָפָ֣ר נָֽחַת
They shall go down to the bars of the pit, when rest together in the dust.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and went down'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בַּדֵּ֣יpoles ofN c · בַּד (H905)Construct chain (genitival)בַּד (H905) 'poles of'.
שְׁאֹ֣לto SheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'to Sheol'.
תֵּרַ֑דְנָהand went downQal impf 3fp · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יַ֖חַדtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
עָפָ֣רdustN c · עָפָר (H6083)Construct chain (genitival)עָפָר (H6083) 'dust'.
נָֽחַתandN c · נַחַת (H5183)Construct chain (genitival)נַחַת (H5183) 'and'.