Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Job, Chapter 8איוב 8

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Job 8 (22 verses in the MT) opens: Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said, The middle of the chapter continues: Whilst it yet in his greenness, not cut down, it withereth before any herb. It closes: They that hate you shall be clothed with shame; and the dwelling place of the wicked shall come to nought.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Job 8 comprises 22 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said. Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said, How long will you speak these ? and the words of your mouth a strong wind? Doth God pervert judgment? or does the Almighty pervert justice? If your children have sinned against him, and he have cast them away for their transgression; If you wouldest seek to God betimes, and make your supplication to the Almighty; Movement II (vv. 6-10) — If you pure and upright; surely now he would awake for you, and make the. If you pure and upright; surely now he would awake for you, and make the habitation of your righteousness prosperous. Though your beginning was small, yet your latter end should greatly increase. For enquire, I pray you, of the former age, and prepare thyself to the search of their fathers: (For we yesterday, and know nothing, because our days upon earth a. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — Can the rush grow up without mire? can the flag grow without water?. Can the rush grow up without mire? can the flag grow without water? Whilst it yet in his greenness, not cut down, it withereth before any herb. So the paths of all that forget God; and the hypocrite's hope shall perish: Whose hope shall be cut off, and whose trust a spider's web. He shall lean upon his house, but it shall not stand: he shall hold it fast,. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — He green before the sun, and his branch shooteth forth in his garden. He green before the sun, and his branch shooteth forth in his garden. His roots are wrapped about the heap, seeth the place of stones. If he destroy him from his place, then shall deny him, , I have not seen you. Behold, this the joy of his way, and out of the earth shall others grow. Behold, God will not cast away a perfect , neither will he help the evil. Movement V (vv. 21-22) — Till he fill your mouth with laughing, and your lips with rejoicing. Till he fill your mouth with laughing, and your lips with rejoicing. They that hate you shall be clothed with shame; and the dwelling place of the wicked shall come to nought. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַ֭יַּעַן בִּלְדַּ֥ד הַשּׁוּחִ֗י וַיֹאמַֽר

Then answered Bildad the Shuhite, and said,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
וַ֭יַּעַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
בִּלְדַּ֥דBildadN · בִּלְדַּד (H1085)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּלְדַּד (H1085) 'Bildad'.
הַשּׁוּחִ֗יShuhiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · שׁוּחִי (H7747)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוּחִי (H7747) 'Shuhite'.
וַיֹאמַֽרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
2

עַד אָ֥ן תְּמַלֶּל אֵ֑לֶּה וְר֥וּחַ כַּ֝בִּיר אִמְרֵי פִֽיךָ

How long will you speak these ? and the words of your mouth a strong wind?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'would have declared'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
אָ֥ןwhereinterrog. · אָנָה (H575)Particle or relational elementאָנָה (H575) 'where'.
תְּמַלֶּלwould have declaredPiel impf 2ms · מָלַל (H4448)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָלַל (H4448) 'would have declared'.
אֵ֑לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
וְר֥וּחַand the wind ofconj וְ + N com c sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'and the wind of'.
כַּ֝בִּירfeebleAdj · כַּבִּיר (H3524)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּבִּיר (H3524) 'feeble'.
אִמְרֵיthe words ofN c · אֵמֶר (H561)Construct chain (genitival)אֵמֶר (H561) 'the words of'.
פִֽיךָyour mouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'your mouth'.
3

הַ֭אֵל יְעַוֵּ֣ת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וְאִם שַׁ֝דַּ֗י יְעַוֵּֽת צֶֽדֶק

Doth God pervert judgment? or does the Almighty pervert justice?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'has bent/wronged me'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַ֭אֵלthe Godinterrog. + N com m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H410) 'the God'.
יְעַוֵּ֣תhas bent/wronged mePiel impf 3ms · עִוֵּת (H5791)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעִוֵּת (H5791) 'has bent/wronged me'.
מִשְׁפָּ֑טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
שַׁ֝דַּ֗יShaddaiN · שַׁדַּי (H7706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁדַּי (H7706) 'Shaddai'.
יְעַוֵּֽתhas bent/wronged mePiel impf 3ms · עִוֵּת (H5791)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעִוֵּת (H5791) 'has bent/wronged me'.
צֶֽדֶקjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
4

אִם בָּנֶ֥יךָ חָֽטְאוּ ל֑וֹ וַֽ֝יְשַׁלְּחֵ֗ם בְּיַד פִּשְׁעָֽם

If your children have sinned against him, and he have cast them away for their transgression;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they sinned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
בָּנֶ֥יךָyour sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'your sons'.
חָֽטְאוּthey sinnedQal perf 3cp · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָטָא (H2398) 'they sinned'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וַֽ֝יְשַׁלְּחֵ֗םand he sent themconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent them'.
בְּיַדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
פִּשְׁעָֽםand transgressionN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'and transgression'.
5

אִם אַ֭תָּה תְּשַׁחֵ֣ר אֶל אֵ֑ל וְאֶל שַׁ֝דַּ֗י תִּתְחַנָּֽן

If you wouldest seek to God betimes, and make your supplication to the Almighty;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is '(do something) betimes'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אַ֭תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
תְּשַׁחֵ֣ר(do something) betimesPiel impf 2ms · שָׁחַר (H7836)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁחַר (H7836) '(do something) betimes'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֵ֑לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
שַׁ֝דַּ֗יShaddaiN · שַׁדַּי (H7706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁדַּי (H7706) 'Shaddai'.
תִּתְחַנָּֽןpity meHithpael impf 2ms · חָנַן (H2603)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָנַן (H2603) 'pity me'.
6

אִם זַ֥ךְ וְיָשָׁ֗ר אָ֥תָּה כִּי עַ֭תָּה יָעִ֣יר עָלֶ֑יךָ וְ֝שִׁלַּ֗ם נְוַ֣ת צִדְקֶֽךָ

If you pure and upright; surely now he would awake for you, and make the habitation of your righteousness prosperous.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'stirs up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
זַ֥ךְpureAdj · זָךְ (H2134)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָךְ (H2134) 'pure'.
וְיָשָׁ֗רand uprightconj וְ + Adj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'and upright'.
אָ֥תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַ֭תָּהnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
יָעִ֣ירstirs upHiphil impf 3ms · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעוּר (H5782) 'stirs up'.
עָלֶ֑יךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
וְ֝שִׁלַּ֗םthen he shall repayconj וְ + Piel q 3ms · שָׁלַם (H7999)Particle or relational elementשָׁלַם (H7999) 'then he shall repay'.
נְוַ֣תthe abode ofN c · נָוֶה (H5116)Construct chain (genitival)נָוֶה (H5116) 'the abode of'.
צִדְקֶֽךָjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
7

וְהָיָ֣ה רֵאשִׁיתְךָ֣ מִצְעָ֑ר וְ֝אַחֲרִיתְךָ֗ יִשְׂגֶּ֥ה מְאֹֽד

Though your beginning was small, yet your latter end should greatly increase.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'grow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְהָיָ֣הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
רֵאשִׁיתְךָ֣the first ofN c · רֵאשִׁית (H7225)Construct chain (genitival)רֵאשִׁית (H7225) 'the first of'.
מִצְעָ֑רsmallN c · מִצְעָר (H4705)Construct chain (genitival)מִצְעָר (H4705) 'small'.
וְ֝אַחֲרִיתְךָ֗in the latterconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · אַחֲרִית (H319)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'in the latter'.
יִשְׂגֶּ֥הgrowQal impf 3ms · שָׂגָה (H7685)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂגָה (H7685) 'grow'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
8

כִּֽי שְׁאַל נָ֭א לְדֹ֣ר רִישׁ֑וֹן וְ֝כוֹנֵ֗ן לְחֵ֣קֶר אֲבוֹתָֽם

For enquire, I pray you, of the former age, and prepare thyself to the search of their fathers:

Imperative — volitional address
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'ask'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שְׁאַלaskQal impv 2ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁאַל (H7592) 'ask'.
נָ֭אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
לְדֹ֣רto generationprep + N com m sg abs · דּוֹר (H1755)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דּוֹר (H1755) 'to generation'.
רִישׁ֑וֹןthe firstAdj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'the first'.
וְ֝כוֹנֵ֗ןreadyconj וְ + Polel impv 2ms · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeכּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
לְחֵ֣קֶרsearchings ofprep + N com m sg constr · חֵקֶר (H2714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵקֶר (H2714) 'searchings of'.
אֲבוֹתָֽםtheir fathersN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'their fathers'.
9

כִּֽי תְמ֣וֹל אֲ֭נַחְנוּ וְלֹ֣א נֵדָ֑ע כִּ֤י צֵ֖ל יָמֵ֣ינוּ עֲלֵי אָֽרֶץ

(For we yesterday, and know nothing, because our days upon earth a shadow:)

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall we know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תְמ֣וֹלyesterdayart · תְּמוֹל (H8543)Particle or relational elementתְּמוֹל (H8543) 'yesterday'.
אֲ֭נַחְנוּwepron 1cp · אֲנַחְנוּ (H587)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנַחְנוּ (H587) 'we'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נֵדָ֑עshall we knowQal impf 1cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'shall we know'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
צֵ֖לin the shadow ofN c · צֵל (H6738)Construct chain (genitival)צֵל (H6738) 'in the shadow of'.
יָמֵ֣ינוּtodayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
עֲלֵיagainst meprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
10

הֲלֹא הֵ֣ם י֭וֹרוּךָ יֹ֣אמְרוּ לָ֑ךְ וּ֝מִלִּבָּ֗ם יוֹצִ֥אוּ מִלִּֽים

Shall not they teach you, tell you, and utter words out of their heart?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they instruct you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֲלֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
הֵ֣םtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
י֭וֹרוּךָthey instruct youHiphil impf 3mp + sfx 2ms · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרָה (H3384) 'they instruct you'.
יֹ֣אמְרוּthey sayQal impf 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'they say'.
לָ֑ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
וּ֝מִלִּבָּ֗םhis heartconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
יוֹצִ֥אוּand he went outHiphil impf 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
מִלִּֽיםwith wordsN c · מִלָּה (H4405)Construct chain (genitival)מִלָּה (H4405) 'with words'.
11

הֲיִֽגְאֶה גֹּ֭מֶא בְּלֹ֣א בִצָּ֑ה יִשְׂגֶּה אָ֥חוּ בְלִי מָֽיִם

Can the rush grow up without mire? can the flag grow without water?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he has triumphed gloriously'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֲיִֽגְאֶהhe has triumphed gloriouslyinterrog. + Qal impf 3ms · גָּאָה (H1342)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּאָה (H1342) 'he has triumphed gloriously'.
גֹּ֭מֶאpapyrusN c · גֹּמֶא (H1573)Construct chain (genitival)גֹּמֶא (H1573) 'papyrus'.
בְּלֹ֣אwithoutprep + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'without'.
בִצָּ֑הfenN c · בִּצָּה (H1207)Construct chain (genitival)בִּצָּה (H1207) 'fen'.
יִשְׂגֶּהgrowQal impf 3ms · שָׂגָה (H7685)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂגָה (H7685) 'grow'.
אָ֥חוּin the reed grassN c · אָחוּ (H260)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוּ (H260) 'in the reed grass'.
בְלִיwithoutneg. · בְּלִי (H1097)Particle or relational elementבְּלִי (H1097) 'without'.
מָֽיִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
12

עֹדֶ֣נּוּ בְ֭אִבּוֹ לֹ֣א יִקָּטֵ֑ף וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָל חָצִ֣יר יִיבָֽשׁ

Whilst it yet in his greenness, not cut down, it withereth before any herb.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'was dry'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עֹדֶ֣נּוּagainart + sfx 3ms · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
בְ֭אִבּוֹinprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֵב (H3)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵב (H3) 'in'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִקָּטֵ֑ףand you shall pluckN · קָטַף (H6998)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָטַף (H6998) 'and you shall pluck'.
וְלִפְנֵ֖יand beforeconj וְ + prep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'and before'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
חָצִ֣ירthe leeksN c · חָצִיר (H2682)Construct chain (genitival)חָצִיר (H2682) 'the leeks'.
יִיבָֽשׁwas dryQal impf 3ms · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
13

כֵּ֗ן אָ֭רְחוֹת כָּל שֹׁ֣כְחֵי אֵ֑ל וְתִקְוַ֖ת חָנֵ֣ף תֹּאבֵֽד

So the paths of all that forget God; and the hypocrite's hope shall perish:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'you forget'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כֵּ֗ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אָ֭רְחוֹתcaravan-routesN c · אֹרַח (H734)Construct chain (genitival)אֹרַח (H734) 'caravan-routes'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
שֹׁ֣כְחֵיyou forgetQal ptc mp · שָׁכַח (H7911)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁכַח (H7911) 'you forget'.
אֵ֑לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
וְתִקְוַ֖תthe cord ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr · תִּקְוָה (H8615)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תִּקְוָה (H8615) 'the cord of'.
חָנֵ֣ףhypocriteAdj · חָנֵף (H2611)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָנֵף (H2611) 'hypocrite'.
תֹּאבֵֽדis lostQal impf 3fs · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'is lost'.
14

אֲשֶׁר יָק֥וֹט כִּסְל֑וֹ וּבֵ֥ית עַ֝כָּבִ֗ישׁ מִבְטַחֽוֹ

Whose hope shall be cut off, and whose trust a spider's web.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'be cut off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יָק֥וֹטbe cut offQal impf 3ms · קָטַט (H6990)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָטַט (H6990) 'be cut off'.
כִּסְל֑וֹthe loinsN c · כֶּסֶל (H3689)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶל (H3689) 'the loins'.
וּבֵ֥יתand the house ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'and the house of'.
עַ֝כָּבִ֗ישׁspiderN c · עַכָּבִישׁ (H5908)Construct chain (genitival)עַכָּבִישׁ (H5908) 'spider'.
מִבְטַחֽוֹconfidenceN c · מִבְטָח (H4009)Construct chain (genitival)מִבְטָח (H4009) 'confidence'.
15

יִשָּׁעֵ֣ן עַל בֵּ֭יתוֹ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲמֹ֑ד יַחֲזִ֥יק בּ֝֗וֹ וְלֹ֣א יָקֽוּם

He shall lean upon his house, but it shall not stand: he shall hold it fast, but it shall not endure.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall stand'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
יִשָּׁעֵ֣ןand restN · שָׁעַן (H8172)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁעַן (H8172) 'and rest'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בֵּ֭יתוֹhis houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'his house'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יַעֲמֹ֑דshall standQal impf 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָמַד (H5975) 'shall stand'.
יַחֲזִ֥יקbe strongHiphil impf 3ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
בּ֝֗וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָקֽוּםshall standQal impf 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'shall stand'.
16

רָטֹ֣ב ה֭וּא לִפְנֵי שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וְעַ֥ל גַּ֝נָּת֗וֹ יֹֽנַקְתּ֥וֹ תֵצֵֽא

He green before the sun, and his branch shooteth forth in his garden.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you go out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
רָטֹ֣בgreenAdj · רָטֹב (H7373)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָטֹב (H7373) 'green'.
ה֭וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
לִפְנֵיbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
שָׁ֑מֶשׁsunN c · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'sun'.
וְעַ֥לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
גַּ֝נָּת֗וֹlike gardensN c · גַּן (H1593)Construct chain (genitival)גַּן (H1593) 'like gardens'.
יֹֽנַקְתּ֥וֹ(tender) branchN c · יוֹנֶקֶת (H3127)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹנֶקֶת (H3127) '(tender) branch'.
תֵצֵֽאyou go outQal impf 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'you go out'.
17

עַל גַּ֭ל שָֽׁרָשָׁ֣יו יְסֻבָּ֑כוּ בֵּ֖ית אֲבָנִ֣ים יֶחֱזֶֽה

His roots are wrapped about the heap, seeth the place of stones.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'fold together'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
גַּ֭לa heap ofN c · גַּל (H1530)Construct chain (genitival)גַּל (H1530) 'a heap of'.
שָֽׁרָשָׁ֣יוa rootN c · שֹׁרֶשׁ (H8328)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁרֶשׁ (H8328) 'a root'.
יְסֻבָּ֑כוּfold togetherPual impf 3mp · סָבַךְ (H5440)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָבַךְ (H5440) 'fold together'.
בֵּ֖יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
אֲבָנִ֣יםstonesN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'stones'.
יֶחֱזֶֽהhe sees/beholdsQal impf 3ms · חָזָה (H2372)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָזָה (H2372) 'he sees/beholds'.
18

אִם יְבַלְּעֶ֥נּוּ מִמְּקוֹמ֑וֹ וְכִ֥חֶשׁ בּ֝֗וֹ לֹ֣א רְאִיתִֽיךָ

If he destroy him from his place, then shall deny him, , I have not seen you.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and it swallowed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יְבַלְּעֶ֥נּוּand it swallowedPiel impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · בָּלַע (H1104)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּלַע (H1104) 'and it swallowed'.
מִמְּקוֹמ֑וֹfrom its placeprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'from its place'.
וְכִ֥חֶשׁand he deceivesconj וְ + Piel q 3ms · כָּחַשׁ (H3584)Particle or relational elementכָּחַשׁ (H3584) 'and he deceives'.
בּ֝֗וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
רְאִיתִֽיךָand he sawQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
19

הֶן ה֭וּא מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וּ֝מֵעָפָ֗ר אַחֵ֥ר יִצְמָֽחוּ

Behold, this the joy of his way, and out of the earth shall others grow.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'sprouting'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֶןbeholdparticle · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
ה֭וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
מְשׂ֣וֹשׂjoyN c · מָשׂוֹשׂ (H4885)Construct chain (genitival)מָשׂוֹשׂ (H4885) 'joy'.
דַּרְכּ֑וֹhis journeyN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'his journey'.
וּ֝מֵעָפָ֗רdustconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · עָפָר (H6083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָפָר (H6083) 'dust'.
אַחֵ֥רanotherAdj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'another'.
יִצְמָֽחוּsproutingQal impf 3mp · צָמַח (H6779)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָמַח (H6779) 'sprouting'.
20

הֶן אֵ֭ל לֹ֣א יִמְאַס תָּ֑ם וְלֹֽא יַ֝חֲזִ֗יק בְּיַד מְרֵעִֽים

Behold, God will not cast away a perfect , neither will he help the evil doers:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'despise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הֶןbeholdparticle · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
אֵ֭לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִמְאַסdespiseQal impf 3ms · מָאַס (H3988)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָאַס (H3988) 'despise'.
תָּ֑םblamelessAdj · תָּמִים (H8535)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8535) 'blameless'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יַ֝חֲזִ֗יקbe strongHiphil impf 3ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
בְּיַדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
מְרֵעִֽיםand it was displeasingHiphil ptc mp · רָעַע (H7489)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
21

עַד יְמַלֵּ֣ה שְׂח֣וֹק פִּ֑יךָ וּשְׂפָתֶ֥יךָ תְרוּעָֽה

Till he fill your mouth with laughing, and your lips with rejoicing.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he wholly followed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
יְמַלֵּ֣הhe wholly followedPiel impf 3ms · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָלֵא (H4390) 'he wholly followed'.
שְׂח֣וֹקtoN c · שְׂחוֹק (H7814)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂחוֹק (H7814) 'to'.
פִּ֑יךָyour mouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'your mouth'.
וּשְׂפָתֶ֥יךָthe edge ofconj וְ + N com f du constr + sfx 2ms · שָׂפָה (H8193)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
תְרוּעָֽהan alarm-blastN c · תְּרוּעָה (H8643)Construct chain (genitival)תְּרוּעָה (H8643) 'an alarm-blast'.
22

שֹׂנְאֶ֥יךָ יִלְבְּשׁוּ בֹ֑שֶׁת וְאֹ֖הֶל רְשָׁעִ֣ים אֵינֶֽנּוּ

They that hate you shall be clothed with shame; and the dwelling place of the wicked shall come to nought.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'those who hate you'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שֹׂנְאֶ֥יךָthose who hate youQal ptc mp + sfx 2ms · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'those who hate you'.
יִלְבְּשׁוּand you shall clotheQal impf 3mp · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'and you shall clothe'.
בֹ֑שֶׁתtoN c · בֹּשֶׁת (H1322)Construct chain (genitival)בֹּשֶׁת (H1322) 'to'.
וְאֹ֖הֶלthe tent ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹהֶל (H168) 'the tent of'.
רְשָׁעִ֣יםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
אֵינֶֽנּוּis notneg. + sfx 3ms · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'is not'.