Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Job, Chapter 4איוב 4

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Job 4 (21 verses in the MT) opens: Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion's whelps are scattered abroad. It closes: Doth not their excellency in them go away? they die, even without wisdom.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Job 4 comprises 21 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said. Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said, we assay to commune with you, will you be grieved? but who can withhold himself from speaking? Behold, you have instructed many, and you have strengthened the weak hands. Your words have upholden him that was falling, and you have strengthened the feeble knees. But now it is come upon you, and you faintest; it. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — not your fear, your confidence, your hope, and the uprightness of your w. not your fear, your confidence, your hope, and the uprightness of your ways? Remember, I pray you, who perished, being innocent? or where were the righteous cut off? Even as I have seen, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same. By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed. The roaring of the lion,. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion's whelps are. The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion's whelps are scattered abroad. Now a thing was secretly brought to me, and mine ear received a little thereof. In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men, Fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake. Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an image befor. It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an image before mine eyes, silence, and I heard a voice, , Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker? Behold, he put no trust in his servants; and his angels he charged with folly: How much less them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation in the dust, are. Movement V (vv. 21) — Doth not their excellency in them go away? they die, even without wisdom. Doth not their excellency in them go away? they die, even without wisdom. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַ֭יַּעַן אֱלִיפַ֥ז הַֽתֵּימָנִ֗י וַיֹּאמַֽר

Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
וַ֭יַּעַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
אֱלִיפַ֥זEliphazN · אֱלִיפַז (H464)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלִיפַז (H464) 'Eliphaz'.
הַֽתֵּימָנִ֗יthe Temaniteart + N gentilic m sg abs · תֵּימָנִי (H8489)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֵּימָנִי (H8489) 'the Temanite'.
וַיֹּאמַֽרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
2

הֲנִסָּ֬ה דָבָ֣ר אֵלֶ֣יךָ תִּלְאֶ֑ה וַעְצֹ֥ר בְּ֝מִלִּ֗ין מִ֣י יוּכָֽל

we assay to commune with you, will you be grieved? but who can withhold himself from speaking?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has tried'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֲנִסָּ֬הhas triedinterrog. + Niphal perf 3ms · נִסָּה (H5254)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנִסָּה (H5254) 'has tried'.
דָבָ֣רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
אֵלֶ֣יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
תִּלְאֶ֑הand they will be unableQal impf 2ms · לָאָה (H3811)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָאָה (H3811) 'and they will be unable'.
וַעְצֹ֥רand he will shut upconj וְ + Qal inf constr · עָצַר (H6113)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָצַר (H6113) 'and he will shut up'.
בְּ֝מִלִּ֗יןwith wordsprep + N com f pl abs · מִלָּה (H4405)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלָּה (H4405) 'with words'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יוּכָֽלhe mayQal impf 3ms · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'he may'.
3

הִ֭נֵּה יִסַּ֣רְתָּ רַבִּ֑ים וְיָדַ֖יִם רָפ֣וֹת תְּחַזֵּֽק

Behold, you have instructed many, and you have strengthened the weak hands.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they discipline'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הִ֭נֵּהbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
יִסַּ֣רְתָּand they disciplinePiel perf 2ms · יָסַר (H3256)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָסַר (H3256) 'and they discipline'.
רַבִּ֑יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
וְיָדַ֖יִםby the hand ofconj וְ + N com c du abs · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
רָפ֣וֹתor weakAdj · רָפֶה (H7504)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָפֶה (H7504) 'or weak'.
תְּחַזֵּֽקbe strongPiel impf 2ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
4

כּ֭וֹשֵׁל יְקִימ֣וּן מִלֶּ֑יךָ וּבִרְכַּ֖יִם כֹּרְע֣וֹת תְּאַמֵּֽץ

Your words have upholden him that was falling, and you have strengthened the feeble knees.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and they shall stumble'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
כּ֭וֹשֵׁלand they shall stumbleQal ptc ms · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
יְקִימ֣וּןand he aroseHiphil impf 3mp + Sn · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
מִלֶּ֑יךָwith wordsN c · מִלָּה (H4405)Construct chain (genitival)מִלָּה (H4405) 'with words'.
וּבִרְכַּ֖יִםthe kneesconj וְ + N com f du abs · בֶּרֶךְ (H1290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּרֶךְ (H1290) 'the knees'.
כֹּרְע֣וֹתhe kneltQal ptc fp · כָּרַע (H3766)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּרַע (H3766) 'he knelt'.
תְּאַמֵּֽץyou shall hardenPiel impf 2ms · אָמַץ (H553)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַץ (H553) 'you shall harden'.
5

כִּ֤י עַתָּ֨ה תָּב֣וֹא אֵלֶ֣יךָ וַתֵּ֑לֶא תִּגַּ֥ע עָ֝דֶ֗יךָ וַתִּבָּהֵֽל

But now it is come upon you, and you faintest; it toucheth you, and you are troubled.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַתָּ֨הnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
תָּב֣וֹאyou comeQal impf 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
אֵלֶ֣יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
וַתֵּ֑לֶאand they will be unableconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms · לָאָה (H3811)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָאָה (H3811) 'and they will be unable'.
תִּגַּ֥עtouchesQal impf 3fs · נָגַע (H5060)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַע (H5060) 'touches'.
עָ֝דֶ֗יךָuntilprep + sfx 2ms · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
וַתִּבָּהֵֽלwere dismayedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 2ms · בָּהַל (H926)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּהַל (H926) 'were dismayed'.
6

הֲלֹ֣א יִ֭רְאָתְךָ כִּסְלָתֶ֑ךָ תִּ֝קְוָתְךָ֗ וְתֹ֣ם דְּרָכֶֽיךָ

not your fear, your confidence, your hope, and the uprightness of your ways?

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הֲלֹ֣אis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
יִ֭רְאָתְךָfear ofN c · יִרְאָה (H3374)Construct chain (genitival)יִרְאָה (H3374) 'fear of'.
כִּסְלָתֶ֑ךָconfidenceN c · כִּסְלָה (H3690)Construct chain (genitival)כִּסְלָה (H3690) 'confidence'.
תִּ֝קְוָתְךָ֗the cord ofN c · תִּקְוָה (H8615)Construct chain (genitival)תִּקְוָה (H8615) 'the cord of'.
וְתֹ֣םin the integrity ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · תֹּם (H8537)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֹּם (H8537) 'in the integrity of'.
דְּרָכֶֽיךָyour waysN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'your ways'.
7

זְכָר נָ֗א מִ֤י ה֣וּא נָקִ֣י אָבָ֑ד וְ֝אֵיפֹ֗ה יְשָׁרִ֥ים נִכְחָֽדוּ

Remember, I pray you, who perished, being innocent? or where were the righteous cut off?

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'Remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
זְכָרRememberQal impv 2ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
נָ֗אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
ה֣וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
נָקִ֣יinnocentAdj · נָקִי (H5355)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָקִי (H5355) 'innocent'.
אָבָ֑דutterlyQal perf 3ms · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבַד (H6) 'utterly'.
וְ֝אֵיפֹ֗הwhereconj וְ + interrog. · אֵיפֹה (H375)Particle or relational elementאֵיפֹה (H375) 'where'.
יְשָׁרִ֥יםthe uprightAdj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'the upright'.
נִכְחָֽדוּhideN · כָּחַד (H3582)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּחַד (H3582) 'hide'.
8

כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָ֭אִיתִי חֹ֣רְשֵׁי אָ֑וֶן וְזֹרְעֵ֖י עָמָ֣ל יִקְצְרֻֽהוּ

Even as I have seen, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
רָ֭אִיתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
חֹ֣רְשֵׁיand is silentQal ptc mp · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָרַשׁ (H2790) 'and is silent'.
אָ֑וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
וְזֹרְעֵ֖יyou shall sowconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · זָרַע (H2232)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָרַע (H2232) 'you shall sow'.
עָמָ֣לtroubleN c · עָמָל (H5999)Construct chain (genitival)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
יִקְצְרֻֽהוּand it became impatientQal impf 3mp + sfx 3ms · קָצַר (H7114)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָצַר (H7114) 'and it became impatient'.
9

מִנִּשְׁמַ֣ת אֱל֣וֹהַ יֹאבֵ֑דוּ וּמֵר֖וּחַ אַפּ֣וֹ יִכְלֽוּ

By the blast of God they perish, and by the breath of his nostrils are they consumed.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'may they perish'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מִנִּשְׁמַ֣תbreathing thingprep + N com f sg constr · נְשָׁמָה (H5397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְשָׁמָה (H5397) 'breathing thing'.
אֱל֣וֹהַGodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
יֹאבֵ֑דוּmay they perishQal impf 3mp · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'may they perish'.
וּמֵר֖וּחַa spirit ofconj וְ + prep + N com c sg constr · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
אַפּ֣וֹhis angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'his anger'.
יִכְלֽוּand he finishedQal impf 3mp · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּלָה (H3615) 'and he finished'.
10

שַׁאֲגַ֣ת אַ֭רְיֵה וְק֣וֹל שָׁ֑חַל וְשִׁנֵּ֖י כְפִירִ֣ים נִתָּֽעוּ

The roaring of the lion, and the voice of the fierce lion, and the teeth of the young lions, are broken.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שַׁאֲגַ֣תroaringN c · שְׁאָגָה (H7581)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁאָגָה (H7581) 'roaring'.
אַ֭רְיֵהa lionN c · אַרְיֵה (H738)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
וְק֣וֹלto the voice ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
שָׁ֑חַל(fierce) lionN c · שַׁחַל (H7826)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַל (H7826) '(fierce) lion'.
וְשִׁנֵּ֖יtoothconj וְ + N com c du constr · שֵׁן (H8127)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁן (H8127) 'tooth'.
כְפִירִ֣יםyoung lionN c · כְּפִיר (H3715)Construct chain (genitival)כְּפִיר (H3715) 'young lion'.
נִתָּֽעוּbreakN · נָתַע (H5421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתַע (H5421) 'break'.
11

לַ֭יִשׁ אֹבֵ֣ד מִבְּלִי טָ֑רֶף וּבְנֵ֥י לָ֝בִ֗יא יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ

The old lion perisheth for lack of prey, and the stout lion's whelps are scattered abroad.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'utterly'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לַ֭יִשׁandN c · לַיִשׁ (H3918)Construct chain (genitival)לַיִשׁ (H3918) 'and'.
אֹבֵ֣דutterlyQal ptc ms · אָבַד (H6)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָבַד (H6) 'utterly'.
מִבְּלִיbecause there is nothingprep + N com m sg constr · בְּלִי (H1097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּלִי (H1097) 'because there is nothing'.
טָ֑רֶףpreyN c · טֶרֶף (H2964)Construct chain (genitival)טֶרֶף (H2964) 'prey'.
וּבְנֵ֥יand the sons ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'and the sons of'.
לָ֝בִ֗יאand like a lionessN c · לָבִיא (H3833)Construct chain (genitival)לָבִיא (H3833) 'and like a lioness'.
יִתְפָּרָֽדוּwere separatedHithpael impf 3mp · פָּרַד (H6504)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּרַד (H6504) 'were separated'.
12

וְ֭אֵלַי דָּבָ֣ר יְגֻנָּ֑ב וַתִּקַּ֥ח אָ֝זְנִ֗י שֵׁ֣מֶץ מֶֽנְהֽוּ

Now a thing was secretly brought to me, and mine ear received a little thereof.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'steals'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְ֭אֵלַיtoconj וְ + prep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
דָּבָ֣רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְגֻנָּ֑בstealsPual impf 3ms · גָּנַב (H1589)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּנַב (H1589) 'steals'.
וַתִּקַּ֥חand she tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and she took'.
אָ֝זְנִ֗יin the ears ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
שֵׁ֣מֶץa littleN c · שֶׁמֶץ (H8102)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶץ (H8102) 'a little'.
מֶֽנְהֽוּfromprep + sfx 3ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
13

בִּ֭שְׂעִפִּים מֵחֶזְיֹנ֣וֹת לָ֑יְלָה בִּנְפֹ֥ל תַּ֝רְדֵּמָ֗ה עַל אֲנָשִֽׁים

In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men,

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he fell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בִּ֭שְׂעִפִּיםopinionprep + N com m pl abs · סָעִף (H5587)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָעִף (H5587) 'opinion'.
מֵחֶזְיֹנ֣וֹתvisionprep + N com m pl constr · חִזָּיוֹן (H2384)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִזָּיוֹן (H2384) 'vision'.
לָ֑יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
בִּנְפֹ֥לand he fellprep + Qal inf constr · נָפַל (H5307)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
תַּ֝רְדֵּמָ֗הdeep sleepN c · תַּרְדֵּמָה (H8639)Construct chain (genitival)תַּרְדֵּמָה (H8639) 'deep sleep'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אֲנָשִֽׁיםmenN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'men'.
14

פַּ֣חַד קְ֭רָאַנִי וּרְעָדָ֑ה וְרֹ֖ב עַצְמוֹתַ֣י הִפְחִֽיד

Fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'happens to be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
פַּ֣חַדthe dread of youN c · פַּחַד (H6343)Construct chain (genitival)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
קְ֭רָאַנִיhappens to beQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · קָרָא (H7122)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7122) 'happens to be'.
וּרְעָדָ֑הtrembling;conj וְ + N com f sg abs · רַעַד (H7461)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַעַד (H7461) 'trembling;'.
וְרֹ֖בand abundance ofconj וְ + N com c sg constr · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'and abundance of'.
עַצְמוֹתַ֣יthe bones ofN c · עֶצֶם (H6106)Construct chain (genitival)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'the bones of'.
הִפְחִֽידand you will dreadHiphil perf 3ms · פָּחַד (H6342)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּחַד (H6342) 'and you will dread'.
15

וְ֭רוּחַ עַל פָּנַ֣י יַחֲלֹ֑ף תְּ֝סַמֵּ֗ר שַֽׂעֲרַ֥ת בְּשָׂרִֽי

Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and changed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְ֭רוּחַand the wind ofconj וְ + N com c sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'and the wind of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פָּנַ֣יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
יַחֲלֹ֑ףand changedQal impf 3ms · חָלַף (H2498)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַף (H2498) 'and changed'.
תְּ֝סַמֵּ֗רstand upPiel impf 3fs · סָמַר (H5568)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָמַר (H5568) 'stand up'.
שַֽׂעֲרַ֥תhairN c · שַׂעֲרָה (H8185)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂעֲרָה (H8185) 'hair'.
בְּשָׂרִֽיfleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
16

יַעֲמֹ֤ד וְֽלֹא אַכִּ֬יר מַרְאֵ֗הוּ תְּ֭מוּנָה לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינָ֑י דְּמָמָ֖ה וָק֣וֹל אֶשְׁמָֽע

It stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof: an image before mine eyes, silence, and I heard a voice, ,

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall stand'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
יַעֲמֹ֤דshall standQal impf 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָמַד (H5975) 'shall stand'.
וְֽלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אַכִּ֬ירrecognize himHiphil impf 1cs · נָכַר (H5234)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָכַר (H5234) 'recognize him'.
מַרְאֵ֗הוּits appearanceN c · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Construct chain (genitival)מַרְאֶה (H4758) 'its appearance'.
תְּ֭מוּנָהlikenessN c · תְּמוּנָה (H8544)Construct chain (genitival)תְּמוּנָה (H8544) 'likeness'.
לְנֶ֣גֶדat a distanceprep + prep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'at a distance'.
עֵינָ֑יthe eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
דְּמָמָ֖הcalmN c · דְּמָמָה (H1827)Construct chain (genitival)דְּמָמָה (H1827) 'calm'.
וָק֣וֹלto the voice ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
אֶשְׁמָֽעI will hearQal impf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'I will hear'.
17

הַֽ֭אֱנוֹשׁ מֵאֱל֣וֹהַ יִצְדָּ֑ק אִ֥ם מֵ֝עֹשֵׂ֗הוּ יִטְהַר גָּֽבֶר

Shall mortal man be more just than God? shall a man be more pure than his maker?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they justify'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַֽ֭אֱנוֹשׁfrom mankindinterrog. + N com m sg abs · אֱנוֹשׁ (H582)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱנוֹשׁ (H582) 'from mankind'.
מֵאֱל֣וֹהַGodprep + N com m sg abs · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
יִצְדָּ֑קand they justifyQal impf 3ms · צָדַק (H6663)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָדַק (H6663) 'and they justify'.
אִ֥םifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
מֵ֝עֹשֵׂ֗הוּhe didprep + Qal ptc ms + sfx 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
יִטְהַרhe shall be cleanQal impf 3ms · טָהֵר (H2891)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalטָהֵר (H2891) 'he shall be clean'.
גָּֽבֶרa manN c · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
18

הֵ֣ן בַּ֭עֲבָדָיו לֹ֣א יַאֲמִ֑ין וּ֝בְמַלְאָכָ֗יו יָשִׂ֥ים תָּהֳלָֽה

Behold, he put no trust in his servants; and his angels he charged with folly:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'faithful'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֵ֣ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
בַּ֭עֲבָדָיוthe servants ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַאֲמִ֑יןfaithfulHiphil impf 3ms · אָמַן (H539)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
וּ֝בְמַלְאָכָ֗יוthe angel ofconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'the angel of'.
יָשִׂ֥יםputsQal impf 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'puts'.
תָּהֳלָֽהfollyN c · תׇּהֳלָה (H8417)Construct chain (genitival)תׇּהֳלָה (H8417) 'folly'.
19

אַ֤ף שֹׁכְנֵ֬י בָֽתֵּי חֹ֗מֶר אֲשֶׁר בֶּעָפָ֥ר יְסוֹדָ֑ם יְ֝דַכְּא֗וּם לִפְנֵי עָֽשׁ

How much less them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation in the dust, are crushed before the moth?

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the one who dwelt in'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אַ֤ףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
שֹׁכְנֵ֬יthe one who dwelt inQal ptc mp · שָׁכַן (H7931)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁכַן (H7931) 'the one who dwelt in'.
בָֽתֵּיthe houses ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the houses of'.
חֹ֗מֶרa homer ofN c · חֹמֶר (H2563)Construct chain (genitival)חֹמֶר (H2563) 'a homer of'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בֶּעָפָ֥רwith earthprep + art + N com m sg abs · עָפָר (H6083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָפָר (H6083) 'with earth'.
יְסוֹדָ֑םthe base ofN c · יְסוֹד (H3247)Construct chain (genitival)יְסוֹד (H3247) 'the base of'.
יְ֝דַכְּא֗וּםand crush mePiel impf 3mp + sfx 3mp · דָּכָא (H1792)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּכָא (H1792) 'and crush me'.
לִפְנֵיbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
עָֽשׁmoth. See alsoN c · עָשׁ (H6211)Construct chain (genitival)עָשׁ (H6211) 'moth. See also'.
20

מִבֹּ֣קֶר לָעֶ֣רֶב יֻכַּ֑תּוּ מִבְּלִ֥י מֵ֝שִׂ֗ים לָנֶ֥צַח יֹאבֵֽדוּ

They are destroyed from morning to evening: they perish for ever without any regarding .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'to him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מִבֹּ֣קֶרin the morningprep + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
לָעֶ֣רֶבthe eveningprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'the evening'.
יֻכַּ֑תּוּto himHophal impf 3mp · כָּתַת (H3807)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּתַת (H3807) 'to him'.
מִבְּלִ֥יbecause there is nothingprep + N com m sg constr · בְּלִי (H1097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּלִי (H1097) 'because there is nothing'.
מֵ֝שִׂ֗יםand he setHiphil ptc ms · שִׂים (H7760)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
לָנֶ֥צַחalwayprep + N com m sg abs · נֶצַח (H5331)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
יֹאבֵֽדוּmay they perishQal impf 3mp · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'may they perish'.
21

הֲלֹא נִסַּ֣ע יִתְרָ֣ם בָּ֑ם יָ֝מ֗וּתוּ וְלֹ֣א בְחָכְמָֽה

Doth not their excellency in them go away? they die, even without wisdom.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he died'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֲלֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
נִסַּ֣עmarchingN · נָסַע (H5265)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָסַע (H5265) 'marching'.
יִתְרָ֣םand the rest ofN c · יֶתֶר (H3499)Construct chain (genitival)יֶתֶר (H3499) 'and the rest of'.
בָּ֑םagainst themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against them'.
יָ֝מ֗וּתוּand he diedQal impf 3mp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
בְחָכְמָֽהin wisdomprep + N com f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'in wisdom'.