Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Job, Chapter 12איוב 12

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Job 12 (25 verses in the MT) opens: And Job answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: With him wisdom and strength, he has counsel and understanding. It closes: They grope in the dark without light, and he maketh them to stagger like drunken .

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Job 12 comprises 25 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — And Job answered and said. And Job answered and said, No doubt but you the people, and wisdom shall die with you. But I have understanding as well as you; I not inferior to you: yea, who knoweth not such things as these? I am one mocked of his neighbour, who calleth upon God, and he answereth him: the just upright laughed to scorn. He that is ready to slip with feet a lamp despised. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — The tabernacles of robbers prosper, and they that provoke God are secure. The tabernacles of robbers prosper, and they that provoke God are secure; into whose hand God bringeth . But ask now the beasts, and they shall teach you; and the fowls of the air, and they shall tell you: Or speak to the earth, and it shall teach you: and the fishes of the sea shall declare to you. Who knoweth not in all these that the hand of YHWH has. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — Doth not the ear try words? and the mouth taste his meat?. Doth not the ear try words? and the mouth taste his meat? With the ancient wisdom; and in length of days understanding. With him wisdom and strength, he has counsel and understanding. Behold, he breaketh down, and it cannot be built again: he shutteth up a man, and there can be no opening. Behold, he withholdeth the waters, and they dry up: also he sendeth. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — With him strength and wisdom: the deceived and the deceiver his. With him strength and wisdom: the deceived and the deceiver his. He leadeth counsellors away spoiled, and maketh the judges fools. He looseth the bond of kings, and girdeth their loins with a girdle. He leadeth princes away spoiled, and overthroweth the mighty. He removeth away the speech of the trusty, and taketh away the understanding of the aged. Movement V (vv. 21-25) — He poureth contempt upon princes, and weakeneth the strength of the migh. He poureth contempt upon princes, and weakeneth the strength of the mighty. He discovereth deep things out of darkness, and bringeth out to light the shadow of death. He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them . He taketh away the heart of the chief of the people of the earth, and causeth them to wander in. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר

And Job answered and said,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
וַיַּ֥עַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
אִיּ֗וֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
וַיֹּאמַֽרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
2

אָ֭מְנָם כִּ֣י אַתֶּם עָ֑ם וְ֝עִמָּכֶ֗ם תָּמ֥וּת חָכְמָֽה

No doubt but you the people, and wisdom shall die with you.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall die'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אָ֭מְנָםtrulyart · אָמְנָם (H551)Particle or relational elementאָמְנָם (H551) 'truly'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אַתֶּםyoupron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
עָ֑םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
וְ֝עִמָּכֶ֗םwithconj וְ + prep + sfx 2mp · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
תָּמ֥וּתyou shall dieQal impf 3fs · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'you shall die'.
חָכְמָֽהwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
3

גַּם לִ֤י לֵבָ֨ב כְּֽמוֹכֶ֗ם לֹא נֹפֵ֣ל אָנֹכִ֣י מִכֶּ֑ם וְאֶת מִי אֵ֥ין כְּמוֹ אֵֽלֶּה

But I have understanding as well as you; I not inferior to you: yea, who knoweth not such things as these?

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'fallen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
לִ֤יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
לֵבָ֨בthe heart ofN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'the heart of'.
כְּֽמוֹכֶ֗םlike itprep + sfx 2mp · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like it'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נֹפֵ֣לfallenQal ptc ms · נָפַל (H5307)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָפַל (H5307) 'fallen'.
אָנֹכִ֣יIpron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
מִכֶּ֑םof youprep + sfx 2mp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of you'.
וְאֶתand withconj וְ + prep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'and with'.
מִיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
כְּמוֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
אֵֽלֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
4

שְׂחֹ֤ק לְרֵעֵ֨הוּ אֶֽהְיֶ֗ה קֹרֵ֣א לֶ֭אֱלוֹהַּ וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֑הוּ שְׂ֝ח֗וֹק צַדִּ֥יק תָּמִֽים

I am one mocked of his neighbour, who calleth upon God, and he answereth him: the just upright laughed to scorn.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will be'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
שְׂחֹ֤קtoN c · שְׂחוֹק (H7814)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂחוֹק (H7814) 'to'.
לְרֵעֵ֨הוּhis neighborprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · רֵעַ (H7453)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
אֶֽהְיֶ֗הI will beQal impf 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'I will be'.
קֹרֵ֣אhe calledQal ptc ms · קָרָא (H7121)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָרָא (H7121) 'he called'.
לֶ֭אֱלוֹהַּGodprep + N com m sg abs · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
וַֽיַּעֲנֵ֑הוּand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
שְׂ֝ח֗וֹקtoN c · שְׂחוֹק (H7814)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂחוֹק (H7814) 'to'.
צַדִּ֥יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
תָּמִֽיםwithout blemishAdj · תָּמִים (H8549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8549) 'without blemish'.
5

לַפִּ֣יד בּ֭וּז לְעַשְׁתּ֣וּת שַׁאֲנָ֑ן נָ֝כ֗וֹן לְמ֣וֹעֲדֵי רָֽגֶל

He that is ready to slip with feet a lamp despised in the thought of him that is at ease.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'make to shake'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לַפִּ֣ידthe lightning flashes/torchesprep + art + N com m sg abs · לַפִּיד (H3940)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַפִּיד (H3940) 'the lightning flashes/torches'.
בּ֭וּזa laughingstockN c · בּוּז (H937)Construct chain (genitival)בּוּז (H937) 'a laughingstock'.
לְעַשְׁתּ֣וּתtoprep + N com f sg constr · עַשְׁתּוּת (H6248)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַשְׁתּוּת (H6248) 'to'.
שַׁאֲנָ֑ןandAdj · שַׁאֲנָן (H7600)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁאֲנָן (H7600) 'and'.
נָ֝כ֗וֹןconfirmedN c · כּוּן (H3559)Construct chain (genitival)כּוּן (H3559) 'confirmed'.
לְמ֣וֹעֲדֵיmake to shakeprep + Qal ptc mp · מָעַד (H4571)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָעַד (H4571) 'make to shake'.
רָֽגֶלfootN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'foot'.
6

יִשְׁלָ֤יוּ אֹֽהָלִ֨ים לְשֹׁ֥דְדִ֗ים וּֽ֭בַטֻּחוֹת לְמַרְגִּ֣יזֵי אֵ֑ל לַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵבִ֖יא אֱל֣וֹהַּ בְּיָדֽוֹ

The tabernacles of robbers prosper, and they that provoke God are secure; into whose hand God bringeth .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'be happy'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
יִשְׁלָ֤יוּbe happyQal impf 3mp · שָׁלָה (H7951)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלָה (H7951) 'be happy'.
אֹֽהָלִ֨יםtentsN c · אֹהֶל (H168)Construct chain (genitival)אֹהֶל (H168) 'tents'.
לְשֹׁ֥דְדִ֗יםruinedprep + Qal ptc mp · שָׁדַד (H7703)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
וּֽ֭בַטֻּחוֹתandconj וְ + N com f pl abs · בַּטֻּחוֹת (H987)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּטֻּחוֹת (H987) 'and'.
לְמַרְגִּ֣יזֵיand shall trembleprep + Hiphil ptc mp · רָגַז (H7264)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָגַז (H7264) 'and shall tremble'.
אֵ֑לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
לַאֲשֶׁ֤רto the one whoprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'to the one who'.
הֵבִ֖יאhe might bring inHiphil perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'he might bring in'.
אֱל֣וֹהַּGodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
בְּיָדֽוֹin his handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'in his hand'.
7

וְֽאוּלָ֗ם שְׁאַל נָ֣א בְהֵמ֣וֹת וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ וְע֥וֹף הַ֝שָּׁמַ֗יִם וְיַגֶּד לָֽךְ

But ask now the beasts, and they shall teach you; and the fowls of the air, and they shall tell you:

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'ask'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְֽאוּלָ֗םbutconj וְ + art · אוּלָם (H199)Particle or relational elementאוּלָם (H199) 'but'.
שְׁאַלaskQal impv 2ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁאַל (H7592) 'ask'.
נָ֣אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
בְהֵמ֣וֹתbeastsN c · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Construct chain (genitival)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'beasts'.
וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּand to teachconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3fs + sfx 2ms · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
וְע֥וֹףand birdsconj וְ + N com m sg constr · עוֹף (H5775)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹף (H5775) 'and birds'.
הַ֝שָּׁמַ֗יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
וְיַגֶּדand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
לָֽךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
8

א֤וֹ שִׂ֣יחַ לָאָ֣רֶץ וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּ וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּ לְ֝ךָ֗ דְּגֵ֣י הַיָּֽם

Or speak to the earth, and it shall teach you: and the fishes of the sea shall declare to you.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'recount'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
א֤וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
שִׂ֣יחַrecountQal impv 2ms · שִׂיחַ (H7878)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשִׂיחַ (H7878) 'recount'.
לָאָ֣רֶץfor the landprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'for the land'.
וְתֹרֶ֑ךָּand to teachconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3fs + sfx 2ms · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּand they recountedconj וְ + Piel impf 3mp · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָפַר (H5608) 'and they recounted'.
לְ֝ךָ֗to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
דְּגֵ֣יfish ofN c · דָּג (H1709)Construct chain (genitival)דָּג (H1709) 'fish of'.
הַיָּֽםthe seaart + N com m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָם (H3220) 'the sea'.
9

מִ֭י לֹא יָדַ֣ע בְּכָל אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֥י יַד יְ֝הוָה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת

Who knoweth not in all these that the hand of YHWH has wrought this?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he knew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
מִ֭יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדַ֣עhe knewQal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
אֵ֑לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יַדthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
יְ֝הוָהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עָ֣שְׂתָהshe has doneQal perf 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'she has done'.
זֹּֽאתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
10

אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ֭יָדוֹ נֶ֣פֶשׁ כָּל חָ֑י וְ֝ר֗וּחַ כָּל בְּשַׂר אִֽישׁ

In whose hand the soul of every living thing, and the breath of all mankind.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בְּ֭יָדוֹin his handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'in his hand'.
נֶ֣פֶשׁa personN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'a person'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
חָ֑יaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
וְ֝ר֗וּחַand the wind ofconj וְ + N com c sg constr · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'and the wind of'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
בְּשַׂרfleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
אִֽישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
11

הֲלֹא אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ אֹ֣כֶל יִטְעַם לֽוֹ

Doth not the ear try words? and the mouth taste his meat?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you will be tested'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֲלֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
אֹ֭זֶןthe ear ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'the ear of'.
מִלִּ֣יןwith wordsN c · מִלָּה (H4405)Construct chain (genitival)מִלָּה (H4405) 'with words'.
תִּבְחָ֑ןyou will be testedQal impf 3fs · בָּחַן (H974)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּחַן (H974) 'you will be tested'.
וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ(roof of the) mouthconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חֵךְ (H2441)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵךְ (H2441) '(roof of the) mouth'.
אֹ֣כֶלfoodN c · אֹכֶל (H400)Construct chain (genitival)אֹכֶל (H400) 'food'.
יִטְעַםperceiveQal impf 3ms · טָעַם (H2938)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalטָעַם (H2938) 'perceive'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
12

בִּֽישִׁישִׁ֥ים חָכְמָ֑ה וְאֹ֖רֶךְ יָמִ֣ים תְּבוּנָֽה

With the ancient wisdom; and in length of days understanding.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
בִּֽישִׁישִׁ֥יםinprep + Adj · יָשִׁישׁ (H3453)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשִׁישׁ (H3453) 'in'.
חָכְמָ֑הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וְאֹ֖רֶךְand the length ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹרֶךְ (H753) 'and the length of'.
יָמִ֣יםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
תְּבוּנָֽהunderstandingN c · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Construct chain (genitival)תְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'understanding'.
13

עִ֭מּוֹ חָכְמָ֣ה וּגְבוּרָ֑ה ל֝֗וֹ עֵצָ֥ה וּתְבוּנָֽה

With him wisdom and strength, he has counsel and understanding.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עִ֭מּוֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with him'.
חָכְמָ֣הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וּגְבוּרָ֑הand like your mighty actsconj וְ + N com f sg abs · גְּבוּרָה (H1369)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּבוּרָה (H1369) 'and like your mighty acts'.
ל֝֗וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
עֵצָ֥הcounselN c · עֵצָה (H6098)Construct chain (genitival)עֵצָה (H6098) 'counsel'.
וּתְבוּנָֽהand understandingconj וְ + N com f sg abs · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'and understanding'.
14

הֵ֣ן יַ֭הֲרוֹס וְלֹ֣א יִבָּנֶ֑ה יִסְגֹּ֥ר עַל אִ֝֗ישׁ וְלֹ֣א יִפָּתֵֽחַ

Behold, he breaketh down, and it cannot be built again: he shutteth up a man, and there can be no opening.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you overthrow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הֵ֣ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
יַ֭הֲרוֹסyou overthrowQal impf 3ms · הָרַס (H2040)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָרַס (H2040) 'you overthrow'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִבָּנֶ֑הhe builds upN · בָּנָה (H1129)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּנָה (H1129) 'he builds up'.
יִסְגֹּ֥רhas shutQal impf 3ms · סָגַר (H5462)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָגַר (H5462) 'has shut'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אִ֝֗ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִפָּתֵֽחַhe will openN · פָּתַח (H6605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּתַח (H6605) 'he will open'.
15

הֵ֤ן יַעְצֹ֣ר בַּמַּ֣יִם וְיִבָ֑שׁוּ וִֽ֝ישַׁלְּחֵ֗ם וְיַ֖הַפְכוּ אָֽרֶץ

Behold, he withholdeth the waters, and they dry up: also he sendeth them out, and they overturn the earth.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he will shut up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֵ֤ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
יַעְצֹ֣רand he will shut upQal impf 3ms · עָצַר (H6113)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָצַר (H6113) 'and he will shut up'.
בַּמַּ֣יִםin waterprep + art + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'in water'.
וְיִבָ֑שׁוּwas dryconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
וִֽ֝ישַׁלְּחֵ֗םand he sent themconj וְ + Piel impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent them'.
וְיַ֖הַפְכוּand it was turnedconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · הָפַךְ (H2015)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָפַךְ (H2015) 'and it was turned'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
16

עִ֭מּוֹ עֹ֣ז וְתֽוּשִׁיָּ֑ה ל֝֗וֹ שֹׁגֵ֥ג וּמַשְׁגֶּֽה

With him strength and wisdom: the deceived and the deceiver his.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he strayed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עִ֭מּוֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with him'.
עֹ֣זstrengthN c · עֹז (H5797)Construct chain (genitival)עֹז (H5797) 'strength'.
וְתֽוּשִׁיָּ֑הenterpriseconj וְ + N com f sg abs · תּוּשִׁיָּה (H8454)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוּשִׁיָּה (H8454) 'enterprise'.
ל֝֗וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
שֹׁגֵ֥גhe strayedQal ptc ms · שָׁגַג (H7683)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁגַג (H7683) 'he strayed'.
וּמַשְׁגֶּֽהwho misleadsconj וְ + Hiphil ptc ms · הִשְׁגָּה (H7686)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהִשְׁגָּה (H7686) 'who misleads'.
17

מוֹלִ֣יךְ יוֹעֲצִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל וְֽשֹׁפְטִ֥ים יְהוֹלֵֽל

He leadeth counsellors away spoiled, and maketh the judges fools.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he went'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
מוֹלִ֣יךְand he wentHiphil ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
יוֹעֲצִ֣יםlet me advise youQal ptc mp · יָעַץ (H3289)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
שׁוֹלָ֑לspoiledAdj · שׁוֹלָל (H7758)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוֹלָל (H7758) 'spoiled'.
וְֽשֹׁפְטִ֥יםand judgeconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · שָׁפַט (H8199)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
יְהוֹלֵֽלand they praisedPiel impf 3ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
18

מוּסַ֣ר מְלָכִ֣ים פִּתֵּ֑חַ וַיֶּאְסֹ֥ר אֵ֝ז֗וֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶֽם

He looseth the bond of kings, and girdeth their loins with a girdle.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'surely (open)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מוּסַ֣רthe discipline ofN c · מוּסָר (H4148)Construct chain (genitival)מוּסָר (H4148) 'the discipline of'.
מְלָכִ֣יםkingsN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings'.
פִּתֵּ֑חַsurely (open)Piel perf 3ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּתַח (H6605) 'surely (open)'.
וַיֶּאְסֹ֥רand he harnessedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָסַר (H631)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָסַר (H631) 'and he harnessed'.
אֵ֝ז֗וֹרandN c · אֵזוֹר (H232)Construct chain (genitival)אֵזוֹר (H232) 'and'.
בְּמָתְנֵיהֶֽםthe loins ofprep + N com m du constr + sfx 3mp · מֹתֶן (H4975)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֹתֶן (H4975) 'the loins of'.
19

מוֹלִ֣יךְ כֹּהֲנִ֣ים שׁוֹלָ֑ל וְאֵֽתָנִ֣ים יְסַלֵּֽף

He leadeth princes away spoiled, and overthroweth the mighty.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he went'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
מוֹלִ֣יךְand he wentHiphil ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
כֹּהֲנִ֣יםpriestsN c · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priests'.
שׁוֹלָ֑לspoiledAdj · שׁוֹלָל (H7758)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוֹלָל (H7758) 'spoiled'.
וְאֵֽתָנִ֣יםever-flowingconj וְ + Adj · אֵיתָן (H386)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵיתָן (H386) 'ever-flowing'.
יְסַלֵּֽףand pervertsPiel impf 3ms · סָלַף (H5557)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָלַף (H5557) 'and perverts'.
20

מֵסִ֣יר שָׂ֭פָה לְנֶאֱמָנִ֑ים וְטַ֖עַם זְקֵנִ֣ים יִקָּֽח

He removeth away the speech of the trusty, and taketh away the understanding of the aged.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he shall remove it'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מֵסִ֣ירhe shall remove itHiphil ptc ms · סוּר (H5493)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסוּר (H5493) 'he shall remove it'.
שָׂ֭פָהa binding/edgeN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'a binding/edge'.
לְנֶאֱמָנִ֑יםfaithfulprep + Niphal ptc mp · אָמַן (H539)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
וְטַ֖עַםits tasteconj וְ + N com m sg constr · טַעַם (H2940)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טַעַם (H2940) 'its taste'.
זְקֵנִ֣יםoldAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'old'.
יִקָּֽחhe shall takeQal impf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָקַח (H3947) 'he shall take'.
21

שׁוֹפֵ֣ךְ בּ֭וּז עַל נְדִיבִ֑ים וּמְזִ֖יחַ אֲפִיקִ֣ים רִפָּֽה

He poureth contempt upon princes, and weakeneth the strength of the mighty.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he shall pour out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שׁוֹפֵ֣ךְhe shall pour outQal ptc ms · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
בּ֭וּזa laughingstockN c · בּוּז (H937)Construct chain (genitival)בּוּז (H937) 'a laughingstock'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
נְדִיבִ֑יםwilling ofAdj · נָדִיב (H5081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָדִיב (H5081) 'willing of'.
וּמְזִ֖יחַgirdleconj וְ + N com m sg constr · מָזִיחַ (H4206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָזִיחַ (H4206) 'girdle'.
אֲפִיקִ֣יםbrookN c · אָפִיק (H650)Construct chain (genitival)אָפִיק (H650) 'brook'.
רִפָּֽהidlePiel perf 3ms · רָפָה (H7503)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָפָה (H7503) 'idle'.
22

מְגַלֶּ֣ה עֲ֭מֻקוֹת מִנִּי חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיֹּצֵ֖א לָא֣וֹר צַלְמָֽוֶת

He discovereth deep things out of darkness, and bringeth out to light the shadow of death.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shall you uncover'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מְגַלֶּ֣הshall you uncoverPiel ptc ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
עֲ֭מֻקוֹתdeeperAdj · עָמֹק (H6013)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמֹק (H6013) 'deeper'.
מִנִּיfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
חֹ֑שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
וַיֹּצֵ֖אand he went outconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
לָא֣וֹרto the lightprep + art + N com c sg abs · אוֹר (H216)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹר (H216) 'to the light'.
צַלְמָֽוֶתshadow of deathN c · צַלְמָוֶת (H6757)Construct chain (genitival)צַלְמָוֶת (H6757) 'shadow of death'.
23

מַשְׂגִּ֣יא לַ֭גּוֹיִם וַֽיְאַבְּדֵ֑ם שֹׁטֵ֥חַ לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם וַיַּנְחֵֽם

He increaseth the nations, and destroyeth them: he enlargeth the nations, and straiteneth them .

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'increase'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מַשְׂגִּ֣יאincreaseHiphil ptc ms · שָׂגָא (H7679)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂגָא (H7679) 'increase'.
לַ֭גּוֹיִםinto nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'into nations'.
וַֽיְאַבְּדֵ֑םand he destroyed themconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָבַד (H6) 'and he destroyed them'.
שֹׁטֵ֥חַand they spread outQal ptc ms · שָׁטַח (H7849)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁטַח (H7849) 'and they spread out'.
לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗םinto nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'into nations'.
וַיַּנְחֵֽםled himconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · נָחָה (H5148)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָחָה (H5148) 'led him'.
24

מֵסִ֗יר לֵ֭ב רָאשֵׁ֣י עַם הָאָ֑רֶץ וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם בְּתֹ֣הוּ לֹא דָֽרֶךְ

He taketh away the heart of the chief of the people of the earth, and causeth them to wander in a wilderness no way.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he shall remove it'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
מֵסִ֗ירhe shall remove itHiphil ptc ms · סוּר (H5493)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסוּר (H5493) 'he shall remove it'.
לֵ֭בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
רָאשֵׁ֣יthe heads ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the heads of'.
עַםa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗םwanderingconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · תָּעָה (H8582)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceתָּעָה (H8582) 'wandering'.
בְּתֹ֣הוּand in the howling wasteprep + N com m sg abs · תֹּהוּ (H8414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֹּהוּ (H8414) 'and in the howling waste'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
דָֽרֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
25

יְמַֽשְׁשׁוּ חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא א֑וֹר וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗ם כַּשִּׁכּֽוֹר

They grope in the dark without light, and he maketh them to stagger like drunken .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'groping'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יְמַֽשְׁשׁוּgropingPiel impf 3mp · מָשַׁשׁ (H4959)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָשַׁשׁ (H4959) 'groping'.
חֹ֥שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
א֑וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
וַ֝יַּתְעֵ֗םwanderingconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · תָּעָה (H8582)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceתָּעָה (H8582) 'wandering'.
כַּשִּׁכּֽוֹרtoprep + art + Adj · שִׁכּוֹר (H7910)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁכּוֹר (H7910) 'to'.