Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Job, Chapter 34איוב 34

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Job 34 (37 verses in the MT) opens: Furthermore Elihu answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: that accepteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor? for they all the work of his hands. It closes: For he addeth rebellion to his sin, he clappeth among us, and multiplieth his words against God.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Job 34 comprises 37 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-8) — Furthermore Elihu answered and said. Furthermore Elihu answered and said, Hear my words, O you wise ; and give ear to me, you that have knowledge. For the ear trieth words, as the mouth tasteth meat. Let us choose to us judgment: let us know among ourselves what good. For Job has said, I am righteous: and God has taken away my judgment. Should I lie against my right? my wound incurable without. Movement II (vv. 9-16) — For he has said, It profiteth a man nothing that he should delight himse. For he has said, It profiteth a man nothing that he should delight himself with God. Therefore hearken to me, you men of understanding: far be it from God, wickedness; and the Almighty, iniquity. For the work of a man shall he render to him, and cause every man to find according to ways. Yea, surely God will not do wickedly, neither will the Almighty. Movement III (vv. 17-24) — Shall even he that hateth right govern? and will you condemn him that is. Shall even he that hateth right govern? and will you condemn him that is most just? to say to a king, wicked? to princes, ungodly? that accepteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor? for they all the work of his hands. In a moment shall they die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight, and pass away: and the mighty. Movement IV (vv. 25-32) — Therefore he knoweth their works, and he overturneth in the night, so th. Therefore he knoweth their works, and he overturneth in the night, so that they are destroyed. He striketh them as wicked men in the open sight of others; Because they turned back from him, and would not consider any of his ways: So that they cause the cry of the poor to come to him, and he heareth the cry of the afflicted. When he giveth quietness, who. Movement V (vv. 33-37) — according to your mind? he will recompense it, whether you refuse, or wh. according to your mind? he will recompense it, whether you refuse, or whether you choose; and not I: therefore speak what you knowest. Let men of understanding tell me, and let a wise man hearken to me. Job has spoken without knowledge, and his words without wisdom. My desire Job may be tried to the end because of answers for wicked men. For he addeth. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיַּ֥עַן אֱלִיה֗וּא וַיֹּאמַֽר

Furthermore Elihu answered and said,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
וַיַּ֥עַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
אֱלִיה֗וּאElihuN · אֱלִיהוּ (H453)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלִיהוּ (H453) 'Elihu'.
וַיֹּאמַֽרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
2

שִׁמְע֣וּ חֲכָמִ֣ים מִלָּ֑י וְ֝יֹדְעִ֗ים הַאֲזִ֥ינוּ לִֽי

Hear my words, O you wise ; and give ear to me, you that have knowledge.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'his hearing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שִׁמְע֣וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
חֲכָמִ֣יםwiseAdj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise'.
מִלָּ֑יmy wordsN c · מִלָּה (H4405)Construct chain (genitival)מִלָּה (H4405) 'my words'.
וְ֝יֹדְעִ֗יםand knownconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'and known'.
הַאֲזִ֥ינוּgive earHiphil impv 2mp · אָזַן (H238)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָזַן (H238) 'give ear'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
3

כִּי אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ יִטְעַ֥ם לֶאֱכֹֽל

For the ear trieth words, as the mouth tasteth meat.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you will be tested'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֹ֭זֶןthe ear ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'the ear of'.
מִלִּ֣יןwith wordsN c · מִלָּה (H4405)Construct chain (genitival)מִלָּה (H4405) 'with words'.
תִּבְחָ֑ןyou will be testedQal impf 3fs · בָּחַן (H974)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּחַן (H974) 'you will be tested'.
וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ(roof of the) mouthconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חֵךְ (H2441)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵךְ (H2441) '(roof of the) mouth'.
יִטְעַ֥םperceiveQal impf 3ms · טָעַם (H2938)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalטָעַם (H2938) 'perceive'.
לֶאֱכֹֽלto eatprep + Qal inf constr · אָכַל (H398)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'.
4

מִשְׁפָּ֥ט נִבְחֲרָה לָּ֑נוּ נֵדְעָ֖ה בֵינֵ֣ינוּ מַה טּֽוֹב

Let us choose to us judgment: let us know among ourselves what good.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he will choose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מִשְׁפָּ֥טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
נִבְחֲרָהhe will chooseQal impf 1cp · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּחַר (H977) 'he will choose'.
לָּ֑נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
נֵדְעָ֖הI knowQal impf 1cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
בֵינֵ֣ינוּbetween usprep + sfx 1cp · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between us'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
טּֽוֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
5

כִּֽי אָ֭מַר אִיּ֣וֹב צָדַ֑קְתִּי וְ֝אֵ֗ל הֵסִ֥יר מִשְׁפָּטִֽי

For Job has said, I am righteous: and God has taken away my judgment.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָ֭מַרhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אִיּ֣וֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
צָדַ֑קְתִּיand they justifyQal perf 1cs · צָדַק (H6663)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצָדַק (H6663) 'and they justify'.
וְ֝אֵ֗לAnd Elconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H410) 'And El'.
הֵסִ֥ירhe turned asideHiphil perf 3ms · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסוּר (H5493) 'he turned aside'.
מִשְׁפָּטִֽיmy rulesN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'my rules'.
6

עַל מִשְׁפָּטִ֥י אֲכַזֵּ֑ב אָנ֖וּשׁ חִצִּ֣י בְלִי פָֽשַׁע

Should I lie against my right? my wound incurable without transgression.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'that he should lie'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מִשְׁפָּטִ֥יmy rulesN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'my rules'.
אֲכַזֵּ֑בthat he should liePiel impf 1cs · כָּזַב (H3576)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּזַב (H3576) 'that he should lie'.
אָנ֖וּשׁandAdj · אָנַשׁ (H605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנַשׁ (H605) 'and'.
חִצִּ֣יmy arrowsN c · חֵץ (H2671)Construct chain (genitival)חֵץ (H2671) 'my arrows'.
בְלִיwithoutneg. · בְּלִי (H1097)Particle or relational elementבְּלִי (H1097) 'without'.
פָֽשַׁעtransgression/disputed claimN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'transgression/disputed claim'.
7

מִי גֶ֥בֶר כְּאִיּ֑וֹב יִֽשְׁתֶּה לַּ֥עַג כַּמָּֽיִם

What man like Job, drinketh up scorning like water?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall drink'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מִיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
גֶ֥בֶרa manN c · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
כְּאִיּ֑וֹבJobprep + N proper · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
יִֽשְׁתֶּהhe shall drinkQal impf 3ms · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁתָה (H8354) 'he shall drink'.
לַּ֥עַגandN c · לַעַג (H3933)Construct chain (genitival)לַעַג (H3933) 'and'.
כַּמָּֽיִםlike waterprep + art + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'like water'.
8

וְאָרַ֣ח לְ֭חֶבְרָה עִם פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן וְ֝לָלֶ֗כֶת עִם אַנְשֵׁי רֶֽשַׁע

Which goeth in company with the workers of iniquity, and walketh with wicked men.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'traveler'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְאָרַ֣חtravelerconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · אָרַח (H732)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָרַח (H732) 'traveler'.
לְ֭חֶבְרָהtoprep + N com f sg abs · חֶבְרָה (H2274)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶבְרָה (H2274) 'to'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
פֹּ֣עֲלֵיdidQal ptc mp · פָּעַל (H6466)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
אָ֑וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
וְ֝לָלֶ֗כֶתand to walkconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H3212)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and to walk'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אַנְשֵׁיthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
רֶֽשַׁעtheir wickednessN c · רֶשַׁע (H7562)Construct chain (genitival)רֶשַׁע (H7562) 'their wickedness'.
9

כִּֽי אָ֭מַר לֹ֣א יִסְכָּן גָּ֑בֶר בִּ֝רְצֹת֗וֹ עִם אֱלֹהִֽים

For he has said, It profiteth a man nothing that he should delight himself with God.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָ֭מַרhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִסְכָּןhave I everQal impf 3ms · סָכַן (H5532)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָכַן (H5532) 'have I ever'.
גָּ֑בֶרa manN c · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
בִּ֝רְצֹת֗וֹit shall be acceptedprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · רָצָה (H7521)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָצָה (H7521) 'it shall be accepted'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אֱלֹהִֽיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
10

לָכֵ֤ן אַ֥נֲשֵׁ֥י לֵבָ֗ב שִׁמְע֫וּ לִ֥י חָלִ֖לָה לָאֵ֥ל מֵרֶ֗שַׁע וְשַׁדַּ֥י מֵעָֽוֶל

Therefore hearken to me, you men of understanding: far be it from God, wickedness; and the Almighty, iniquity.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'his hearing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
לָכֵ֤ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
אַ֥נֲשֵׁ֥יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
לֵבָ֗בthe heart ofN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'the heart of'.
שִׁמְע֫וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
לִ֥יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
חָלִ֖לָהfar be itparticle + Sh · חָלִילָה (H2486)Particle or relational elementחָלִילָה (H2486) 'far be it'.
לָאֵ֥לpower inprep + art + N com m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H410) 'power in'.
מֵרֶ֗שַׁעtheir wickednessprep + N com m sg abs · רֶשַׁע (H7562)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶשַׁע (H7562) 'their wickedness'.
וְשַׁדַּ֥יShaddaiconj וְ + N proper · שַׁדַּי (H7706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁדַּי (H7706) 'Shaddai'.
מֵעָֽוֶלinjusticeprep + N com c sg abs · עָוֶל (H5766)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָוֶל (H5766) 'injustice'.
11

כִּ֤י פֹ֣עַל אָ֭דָם יְשַׁלֶּם ל֑וֹ וּֽכְאֹ֥רַח אִ֝֗ישׁ יַמְצִאֶֽנּוּ

For the work of a man shall he render to him, and cause every man to find according to ways.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall pay'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
פֹ֣עַלhis workN c · פֹּעַל (H6467)Construct chain (genitival)פֹּעַל (H6467) 'his work'.
אָ֭דָםmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
יְשַׁלֶּםhe shall payPiel impf 3ms · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וּֽכְאֹ֥רַחthe way ofconj וְ + prep + N com c sg constr · אֹרַח (H734)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹרַח (H734) 'the way of'.
אִ֝֗ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
יַמְצִאֶֽנּוּI have foundHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
12

אַף אָמְנָ֗ם אֵ֥ל לֹֽא יַרְשִׁ֑יעַ וְ֝שַׁדַּ֗י לֹֽא יְעַוֵּ֥ת מִשְׁפָּֽט

Yea, surely God will not do wickedly, neither will the Almighty pervert judgment.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they condemn'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
אָמְנָ֗םtrulyart · אָמְנָם (H551)Particle or relational elementאָמְנָם (H551) 'truly'.
אֵ֥לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַרְשִׁ֑יעַand they condemnHiphil impf 3ms · רָשַׁע (H7561)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָשַׁע (H7561) 'and they condemn'.
וְ֝שַׁדַּ֗יShaddaiconj וְ + N proper · שַׁדַּי (H7706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁדַּי (H7706) 'Shaddai'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יְעַוֵּ֥תhas bent/wronged mePiel impf 3ms · עִוֵּת (H5791)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעִוֵּת (H5791) 'has bent/wronged me'.
מִשְׁפָּֽטjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
13

מִֽי פָקַ֣ד עָלָ֣יו אָ֑רְצָה וּמִ֥י שָׂ֝֗ם תֵּבֵ֥ל כֻּלָּֽהּ

Who has given him a charge over the earth? or who has disposed the whole world?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'numbered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
פָקַ֣דnumberedQal perf 3ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּקַד (H6485) 'numbered'.
עָלָ֣יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
אָ֑רְצָהto the groundN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'to the ground'.
וּמִ֥יand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
שָׂ֝֗םsetQal perf 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'set'.
תֵּבֵ֥לhabitable partN c · תֵּבֵל (H8398)Construct chain (genitival)תֵּבֵל (H8398) 'habitable part'.
כֻּלָּֽהּall of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
14

אִם יָשִׂ֣ים אֵלָ֣יו לִבּ֑וֹ רוּח֥וֹ וְ֝נִשְׁמָת֗וֹ אֵלָ֥יו יֶאֱסֹֽף

If he set his heart upon man, he gather to himself his spirit and his breath;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'puts'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יָשִׂ֣יםputsQal impf 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'puts'.
אֵלָ֣יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
לִבּ֑וֹhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
רוּח֥וֹhis spiritN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'his spirit'.
וְ֝נִשְׁמָת֗וֹbreathing thingconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · נְשָׁמָה (H5397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְשָׁמָה (H5397) 'breathing thing'.
אֵלָ֥יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
יֶאֱסֹֽףshall be gatheredQal impf 3ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָסַף (H622) 'shall be gathered'.
15

יִגְוַ֣ע כָּל בָּשָׂ֣ר יָ֑חַד וְ֝אָדָ֗ם עַל עָפָ֥ר יָשֽׁוּב

All flesh shall perish together, and man shall turn again to dust.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall perish'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יִגְוַ֣עshall perishQal impf 3ms · גָּוַע (H1478)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּוַע (H1478) 'shall perish'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
בָּשָׂ֣רfleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
יָ֑חַדtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
וְ֝אָדָ֗םand a humanconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'and a human'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
עָפָ֥רdustN c · עָפָר (H6083)Construct chain (genitival)עָפָר (H6083) 'dust'.
יָשֽׁוּבhe shall returnQal impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'he shall return'.
16

וְאִם בִּ֥ינָה שִׁמְעָה זֹּ֑את הַ֝אֲזִ֗ינָה לְק֣וֹל מִלָּֽי

If now understanding, hear this: hearken to the voice of my words.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'has heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
בִּ֥ינָהand your understandingN c · בִּינָה (H998)Construct chain (genitival)בִּינָה (H998) 'and your understanding'.
שִׁמְעָהhas heardQal impv 2ms + Sh · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'has heard'.
זֹּ֑אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
הַ֝אֲזִ֗ינָהgive earHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · אָזַן (H238)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָזַן (H238) 'give ear'.
לְק֣וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
מִלָּֽיmy wordsN c · מִלָּה (H4405)Construct chain (genitival)מִלָּה (H4405) 'my words'.
17

הַאַ֬ף שׂוֹנֵ֣א מִשְׁפָּ֣ט יַחֲב֑וֹשׁ וְאִם צַדִּ֖יק כַּבִּ֣יר תַּרְשִֽׁיעַ

Shall even he that hateth right govern? and will you condemn him that is most just?

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'hating'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הַאַ֬ףwill you indeedinterrog. + art · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'will you indeed'.
שׂוֹנֵ֣אhatingQal ptc ms · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
מִשְׁפָּ֣טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
יַחֲב֑וֹשׁand he saddledQal impf 3ms · חָבַשׁ (H2280)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָבַשׁ (H2280) 'and he saddled'.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
צַדִּ֖יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
כַּבִּ֣ירfeebleAdj · כַּבִּיר (H3524)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּבִּיר (H3524) 'feeble'.
תַּרְשִֽׁיעַand they condemnHiphil impf 2ms · רָשַׁע (H7561)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָשַׁע (H7561) 'and they condemn'.
18

הַאֲמֹ֣ר לְמֶ֣לֶךְ בְּלִיָּ֑עַל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע אֶל נְדִיבִֽים

to say to a king, wicked? to princes, ungodly?

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'who said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הַאֲמֹ֣רwho saidinterrog. + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'who said'.
לְמֶ֣לֶךְto the king ofprep + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
בְּלִיָּ֑עַלworthlessnessN c · בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100)Construct chain (genitival)בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100) 'worthlessness'.
רָ֝שָׁ֗עthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
נְדִיבִֽיםwilling ofAdj · נָדִיב (H5081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָדִיב (H5081) 'willing of'.
19

אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא נָשָׂ֨א פְּנֵ֥י שָׂרִ֗ים וְלֹ֣א נִכַּר שׁ֭וֹעַ לִפְנֵי דָ֑ל כִּֽי מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יָדָ֣יו כֻּלָּֽם

that accepteth not the persons of princes, nor regardeth the rich more than the poor? for they all the work of his hands.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'lifts up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נָשָׂ֨אlifts upQal perf 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
פְּנֵ֥יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
שָׂרִ֗יםprincesN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'princes'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נִכַּרrecognize himPiel perf 3ms · נָכַר (H5234)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָכַר (H5234) 'recognize him'.
שׁ֭וֹעַbountifulN c · שׁוֹעַ (H7771)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוֹעַ (H7771) 'bountiful'.
לִפְנֵיbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
דָ֑לpoorAdj · דַּל (H1800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּל (H1800) 'poor'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מַעֲשֵׂ֖הthe work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
יָדָ֣יוhis handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hands'.
כֻּלָּֽםall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
20

רֶ֤גַע יָמֻתוּ֮ וַחֲצ֪וֹת לָ֥יְלָה יְגֹעֲשׁ֣וּ עָ֣ם וְיַעֲבֹ֑רוּ וְיָסִ֥ירוּ אַ֝בִּ֗יר לֹ֣א בְיָֽד

In a moment shall they die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight, and pass away: and the mighty shall be taken away without hand.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they shall die'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
רֶ֤גַעa momentN c · רֶגַע (H7281)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגַע (H7281) 'a moment'.
יָמֻתוּ֮they shall dieQal impf 3mp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'they shall die'.
וַחֲצ֪וֹתabout the middle ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr · חֲצוֹת (H2676)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲצוֹת (H2676) 'about the middle of'.
לָ֥יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
יְגֹעֲשׁ֣וּandPual impf 3mp · גָּעַשׁ (H1607)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּעַשׁ (H1607) 'and'.
עָ֣םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
וְיַעֲבֹ֑רוּand they passed throughconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַר (H5674) 'and they passed through'.
וְיָסִ֥ירוּhe shall remove itconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3mp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסוּר (H5493) 'he shall remove it'.
אַ֝בִּ֗ירhis mighty onesAdj · אַבִּיר (H47)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַבִּיר (H47) 'his mighty ones'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
בְיָֽדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg abs · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
21

כִּי עֵ֭ינָיו עַל דַּרְכֵי אִ֑ישׁ וְֽכָל צְעָדָ֥יו יִרְאֶֽה

For his eyes upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עֵ֭ינָיוhis eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'his eyes'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
דַּרְכֵיmy wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
אִ֑ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וְֽכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
צְעָדָ֥יוpaceN c · צַעַד (H6806)Construct chain (genitival)צַעַד (H6806) 'pace'.
יִרְאֶֽהshall be seenQal impf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall be seen'.
22

אֵֽין חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וְאֵ֣ין צַלְמָ֑וֶת לְהִסָּ֥תֶר שָׁ֝֗ם פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן

no darkness, nor shadow of death, where the workers of iniquity may hide themselves.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'I will hide'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֵֽיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
חֹ֭שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
צַלְמָ֑וֶתshadow of deathN c · צַלְמָוֶת (H6757)Construct chain (genitival)צַלְמָוֶת (H6757) 'shadow of death'.
לְהִסָּ֥תֶרI will hideprep + Niphal inf constr · סָתַר (H5641)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementסָתַר (H5641) 'I will hide'.
שָׁ֝֗םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
פֹּ֣עֲלֵיdidQal ptc mp · פָּעַל (H6466)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
אָֽוֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
23

כִּ֤י לֹ֣א עַל אִ֭ישׁ יָשִׂ֣ים ע֑וֹד לַהֲלֹ֥ךְ אֶל אֵ֝֗ל בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט

For he will not lay upon man more ; that he should enter into judgment with God.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'puts'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אִ֭ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
יָשִׂ֣יםputsQal impf 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'puts'.
ע֑וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
לַהֲלֹ֥ךְto goprep + Qal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H1980)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to go'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֵ֝֗לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
בַּמִּשְׁפָּֽטin judgmentprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'in judgment'.
24

יָרֹ֣עַ כַּבִּירִ֣ים לֹא חֵ֑קֶר וַיַּעֲמֵ֖ד אֲחֵרִ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽם

He shall break in pieces mighty men without number, and set others in their stead.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be grieved'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יָרֹ֣עַshall be grievedQal impf 3ms · רָעַע (H7489)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָעַע (H7489) 'shall be grieved'.
כַּבִּירִ֣יםfeebleAdj · כַּבִּיר (H3524)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּבִּיר (H3524) 'feeble'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
חֵ֑קֶרsearchings ofN c · חֵקֶר (H2714)Construct chain (genitival)חֵקֶר (H2714) 'searchings of'.
וַיַּעֲמֵ֖דand he stoodconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) 'and he stood'.
אֲחֵרִ֣יםotherAdj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'other'.
תַּחְתָּֽםin their placeprep + sfx 3mp · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'in their place'.
25

לָכֵ֗ן יַ֭כִּיר מַעְבָּֽדֵיהֶ֑ם וְהָ֥פַךְ לַ֝֗יְלָה וְיִדַּכָּֽאוּ

Therefore he knoweth their works, and he overturneth in the night, so that they are destroyed.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall acknowledge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לָכֵ֗ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
יַ֭כִּירhe shall acknowledgeHiphil impf 3ms · נָכַר (H5234)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָכַר (H5234) 'he shall acknowledge'.
מַעְבָּֽדֵיהֶ֑םworkN c · מַעְבָּד (H4566)Construct chain (genitival)מַעְבָּד (H4566) 'work'.
וְהָ֥פַךְhas turnedconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · הָפַךְ (H2015)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
לַ֝֗יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
וְיִדַּכָּֽאוּand crush meconj וְ + Hithpael impf 3mp · דָּכָא (H1792)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּכָא (H1792) 'and crush me'.
26

תַּֽחַת רְשָׁעִ֥ים סְפָקָ֗ם בִּמְק֥וֹם רֹאִֽים

He striketh them as wicked men in the open sight of others;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he struck [together]'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
תַּֽחַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
רְשָׁעִ֥יםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
סְפָקָ֗םand he struck [together]Qal perf 3ms + sfx 3mp · סָפַק (H5606)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָפַק (H5606) 'and he struck [together]'.
בִּמְק֥וֹםin the placeprep + N com m sg constr · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'in the place'.
רֹאִֽיםseeingQal ptc mp · רָאָה (H7200)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָאָה (H7200) 'seeing'.
27

אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל כֵּ֭ן סָ֣רוּ מֵֽאַחֲרָ֑יו וְכָל דְּ֝רָכָ֗יו לֹ֣א הִשְׂכִּֽילוּ

Because they turned back from him, and would not consider any of his ways:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they have turned aside'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֭ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
סָ֣רוּthey have turned asideQal perf 3cp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסוּר (H5493) 'they have turned aside'.
מֵֽאַחֲרָ֑יוfrom behind himprep + prep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'from behind him'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
דְּ֝רָכָ֗יוhis waysN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'his ways'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הִשְׂכִּֽילוּyou may prosperHiphil perf 3cp · שָׂכַל (H7919)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂכַל (H7919) 'you may prosper'.
28

לְהָבִ֣יא עָ֭לָיו צַֽעֲקַת דָּ֑ל וְצַעֲקַ֖ת עֲנִיִּ֣ים יִשְׁמָֽע

So that they cause the cry of the poor to come to him, and he heareth the cry of the afflicted.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to bring'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לְהָבִ֣יאto bringprep + Hiphil inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'to bring'.
עָ֭לָיוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
צַֽעֲקַתthe cry ofN c · צְעָקָה (H6818)Construct chain (genitival)צְעָקָה (H6818) 'the cry of'.
דָּ֑לpoorAdj · דַּל (H1800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּל (H1800) 'poor'.
וְצַעֲקַ֖תa cryconj וְ + N com f sg constr · צְעָקָה (H6818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְעָקָה (H6818) 'a cry'.
עֲנִיִּ֣יםpoorAdj · עָנִי (H6041)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנִי (H6041) 'poor'.
יִשְׁמָֽעwill listen/obeyQal impf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'will listen/obey'.
29

וְה֤וּא יַשְׁקִ֨ט וּמִ֥י יַרְשִׁ֗עַ וְיַסְתֵּ֣ר פָּ֭נִים וּמִ֣י יְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ וְעַל גּ֖וֹי וְעַל אָדָ֣ם יָֽחַד

When he giveth quietness, who then can make trouble? and when he hideth face, who then can behold him? whether against a nation, or against a man only:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and it had rest'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְה֤וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
יַשְׁקִ֨טand it had restHiphil impf 3ms · שָׁקַט (H8252)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁקַט (H8252) 'and it had rest'.
וּמִ֥יand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
יַרְשִׁ֗עַand they condemnHiphil impf 3ms · רָשַׁע (H7561)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָשַׁע (H7561) 'and they condemn'.
וְיַסְתֵּ֣רand he hidconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms · סָתַר (H5641)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָתַר (H5641) 'and he hid'.
פָּ֭נִיםfaceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'.
וּמִ֣יand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
יְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּI behold himQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cp · שׁוּר (H7789)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּר (H7789) 'I behold him'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
גּ֖וֹיa nationN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'a nation'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
אָדָ֣םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
יָֽחַדtogetherN c · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Construct chain (genitival)יַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
30

מִ֭מְּלֹךְ אָדָ֥ם חָנֵ֗ף מִמֹּ֥קְשֵׁי עָֽם

That the hypocrite reign not, lest the people be ensnared.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and reigned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
מִ֭מְּלֹךְand reignedprep + Qal inf constr · מָלַךְ (H4427)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמָלַךְ (H4427) 'and reigned'.
אָדָ֥םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
חָנֵ֗ףhypocriteAdj · חָנֵף (H2611)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָנֵף (H2611) 'hypocrite'.
מִמֹּ֥קְשֵׁיa snareprep + N com m pl constr · מוֹקֵשׁ (H4170)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹקֵשׁ (H4170) 'a snare'.
עָֽםa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
31

כִּֽי אֶל אֵ֭ל הֶאָמַ֥ר נָשָׂ֗אתִי לֹ֣א אֶחְבֹּֽל

Surely it is meet to be said to God, I have borne , I will not offend :

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'who said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֵ֭לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
הֶאָמַ֥רwho saidinterrog. + Qal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'who said'.
נָשָׂ֗אתִיI lifted/sworeQal perf 1cs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשָׂא (H5375) 'I lifted/swore'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶחְבֹּֽלhe shall take in pledgeQal impf 1cs · חָבַל (H2254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָבַל (H2254) 'he shall take in pledge'.
32

בִּלְעֲדֵ֣י אֶ֭חֱזֶה אַתָּ֣ה הֹרֵ֑נִי אִֽם עָ֥וֶל פָּ֝עַ֗לְתִּי לֹ֣א אֹסִֽיף

I see not teach you me: if I have done iniquity, I will do no more.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I shall see'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בִּלְעֲדֵ֣יexcept for meneg. · בִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107)Particle or relational elementבִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107) 'except for me'.
אֶ֭חֱזֶהI shall seeQal impf 1cs · חָזָה (H2372)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָזָה (H2372) 'I shall see'.
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
הֹרֵ֑נִיand to teachHiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
אִֽםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
עָ֥וֶלinjusticeN c · עָוֶל (H5766)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֶל (H5766) 'injustice'.
פָּ֝עַ֗לְתִּיdidQal perf 1cs · פָּעַל (H6466)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֹסִֽיףhe shall addHiphil impf 1cs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
33

הַֽמֵעִמְּךָ֬ יְשַׁלְמֶ֨נָּה כִּֽי מָאַ֗סְתָּ כִּי אַתָּ֣ה תִבְחַ֣ר וְלֹא אָ֑נִי וּֽמַה יָדַ֥עְתָּ דַבֵּֽר

according to your mind? he will recompense it, whether you refuse, or whether you choose; and not I: therefore speak what you knowest.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall repay it'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
הַֽמֵעִמְּךָ֬withinterrog. + prep + prep + sfx 2ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
יְשַׁלְמֶ֨נָּהhe shall repay itPiel impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall repay it'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מָאַ֗סְתָּdespiseQal perf 2ms · מָאַס (H3988)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָאַס (H3988) 'despise'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
תִבְחַ֣רhe will chooseQal impf 2ms · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּחַר (H977) 'he will choose'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אָ֑נִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
וּֽמַהand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
יָדַ֥עְתָּyou knowQal perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'you know'.
דַבֵּֽרspeakPiel impv 2ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
34

אַנְשֵׁ֣י לֵ֭בָב יֹ֣אמְרוּ לִ֑י וְגֶ֥בֶר חָ֝כָ֗ם שֹׁמֵ֥עַֽ לִֽי

Let men of understanding tell me, and let a wise man hearken to me.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they say'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַנְשֵׁ֣יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
לֵ֭בָבthe heart ofN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'the heart of'.
יֹ֣אמְרוּthey sayQal impf 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'they say'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
וְגֶ֥בֶרa manconj וְ + N com m sg abs · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
חָ֝כָ֗םwise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
שֹׁמֵ֥עַֽlistenQal ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
35

אִ֭יּוֹב לֹא בְדַ֣עַת יְדַבֵּ֑ר וּ֝דְבָרָ֗יו לֹ֣א בְהַשְׂכֵּֽיל

Job has spoken without knowledge, and his words without wisdom.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'speaks'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִ֭יּוֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
בְדַ֣עַתthe knowledge ofprep + N com f sg abs · דַּעַת (H1847)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּעַת (H1847) 'the knowledge of'.
יְדַבֵּ֑רspeaksPiel impf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speaks'.
וּ֝דְבָרָ֗יוand his wordsconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'and his words'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
בְהַשְׂכֵּֽילyou may prosperprep + Hiphil inf constr · שָׂכַל (H7919)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׂכַל (H7919) 'you may prosper'.
36

אָבִ֗י יִבָּחֵ֣ן אִיּ֣וֹב עַד נֶ֑צַח עַל תְּ֝שֻׁבֹ֗ת בְּאַנְשֵׁי אָֽוֶן

My desire Job may be tried to the end because of answers for wicked men.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אָבִ֗יdesireparticle · אָבֶה (H15)Particle or relational elementאָבֶה (H15) 'desire'.
יִבָּחֵ֣ןyou will be testedN · בָּחַן (H974)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּחַן (H974) 'you will be tested'.
אִיּ֣וֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
נֶ֑צַחalwayN c · נֶצַח (H5331)Construct chain (genitival)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
תְּ֝שֻׁבֹ֗תandN c · תְּשׁוּבָה (H8666)Construct chain (genitival)תְּשׁוּבָה (H8666) 'and'.
בְּאַנְשֵׁיamong the men ofprep + N com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'among the men of'.
אָֽוֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
37

כִּ֥י יֹ֘סִ֤יף עַֽל חַטָּאת֣וֹ פֶ֭שַׁע בֵּינֵ֣ינוּ יִסְפּ֑וֹק וְיֶ֖רֶב אֲמָרָ֣יו לָאֵֽל

For he addeth rebellion to his sin, he clappeth among us, and multiplieth his words against God.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall add [exceed]'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יֹ֘סִ֤יףhe shall add [exceed]Hiphil impf 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add [exceed]'.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
חַטָּאת֣וֹhis sinN c · חַטָּאת (H2403)Construct chain (genitival)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'his sin'.
פֶ֭שַׁעtransgression/disputed claimN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'transgression/disputed claim'.
בֵּינֵ֣ינוּbetween usprep + sfx 1cp · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between us'.
יִסְפּ֑וֹקand he struck [together]Qal impf 3ms · סָפַק (H5606)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָפַק (H5606) 'and he struck [together]'.
וְיֶ֖רֶבand multipliedconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבָה (H7235) 'and multiplied'.
אֲמָרָ֣יוthe words ofN c · אֵמֶר (H561)Construct chain (genitival)אֵמֶר (H561) 'the words of'.
לָאֵֽלpower inprep + art + N com m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H410) 'power in'.