Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Job, Chapter 31איוב 31

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Job 31 (40 verses in the MT) opens: I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid? The middle of the chapter continues: If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate: It closes: Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Job 31 comprises 40 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-8) — I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid?. I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid? For what portion of God from above? and inheritance of the Almighty from on high? not destruction to the wicked? and a strange to the workers of iniquity? Doth not he see my ways, and count all my steps? If I have walked with vanity, or if my foot has hasted to deceit; Let me be weighed. Movement II (vv. 9-16) — If mine heart have been deceived by a woman, or I have laid wait at my n. If mine heart have been deceived by a woman, or I have laid wait at my neighbour's door; let my wife grind to another, and let others bow down upon her. For this an heinous crime; yea, it an iniquity the judges. For it a fire consumeth to destruction, and would root out all mine increase. If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant,. Movement III (vv. 17-24) — Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless has not eaten t. Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless has not eaten thereof; (For from my youth he was brought up with me, as a father, and I have guided her from my mother's womb;) If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering; If his loins have not blessed me, and he were warmed with the fleece of my sheep; If I have. Movement IV (vv. 25-32) — If I rejoiced because my wealth great, and because mine hand had gotten. If I rejoiced because my wealth great, and because mine hand had gotten much; If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon walking brightness; And my heart has been secretly enticed, or my mouth has kissed my hand: This also an iniquity the judge: for I should have denied the God above. If I rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me, or lifted up. Movement V (vv. 33-40) — If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bo. If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom: Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, went not out of the door? Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire the Almighty would answer me, and mine adversary had written a book. Surely I would take it upon my shoulder, bind. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

בְּ֭רִית כָּרַ֣תִּי לְעֵינָ֑י וּמָ֥ה אֶ֝תְבּוֹנֵ֗ן עַל בְּתוּלָֽה

I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I cut'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בְּ֭רִיתthe covenant ofN c · בְּרִית (H1285)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִית (H1285) 'the covenant of'.
כָּרַ֣תִּיI cutQal perf 1cs · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּרַת (H3772) 'I cut'.
לְעֵינָ֑יbefore the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr + sfx 1cs · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'before the eyes of'.
וּמָ֥הand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
אֶ֝תְבּוֹנֵ֗ןdiscerningHithpolel impf 1cs · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בְּתוּלָֽהa virginN c · בְּתוּלָה (H1330)Construct chain (genitival)בְּתוּלָה (H1330) 'a virgin'.
2

וּמֶ֤ה חֵ֣לֶק אֱל֣וֹהַּ מִמָּ֑עַל וְֽנַחֲלַ֥ת שַׁ֝דַּ֗י מִמְּרֹמִֽים

For what portion of God from above? and inheritance of the Almighty from on high?

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וּמֶ֤הand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
חֵ֣לֶקportionN c · חֵלֶק (H2506)Construct chain (genitival)חֵלֶק (H2506) 'portion'.
אֱל֣וֹהַּGodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
מִמָּ֑עַלaboveprep + art · מַעְלָה (H4605)Particle or relational elementמַעְלָה (H4605) 'above'.
וְֽנַחֲלַ֥תas an inheritanceconj וְ + N com f sg constr · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'as an inheritance'.
שַׁ֝דַּ֗יShaddaiN · שַׁדַּי (H7706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁדַּי (H7706) 'Shaddai'.
מִמְּרֹמִֽיםthe heights ofprep + N com m pl abs · מָרוֹם (H4791)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
3

הֲלֹא אֵ֥יד לְעַוָּ֑ל וְ֝נֵ֗כֶר לְפֹ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן

not destruction to the wicked? and a strange to the workers of iniquity?

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הֲלֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
אֵ֥ידtheir calamityN c · אֵיד (H343)Construct chain (genitival)אֵיד (H343) 'their calamity'.
לְעַוָּ֑לunjustprep + N com m sg abs · עַוָּל (H5767)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַוָּל (H5767) 'unjust'.
וְ֝נֵ֗כֶרstrangeconj וְ + N com m sg abs · נֶכֶר (H5235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶכֶר (H5235) 'strange'.
לְפֹ֣עֲלֵיdidprep + Qal ptc mp · פָּעַל (H6466)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
אָֽוֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
4

הֲלֹא ה֭וּא יִרְאֶ֣ה דְרָכָ֑י וְֽכָל צְעָדַ֥י יִסְפּֽוֹר

Doth not he see my ways, and count all my steps?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֲלֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
ה֭וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
יִרְאֶ֣הshall be seenQal impf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall be seen'.
דְרָכָ֑יmy wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
וְֽכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
צְעָדַ֥יpaceN c · צַעַד (H6806)Construct chain (genitival)צַעַד (H6806) 'pace'.
יִסְפּֽוֹרand he recountedQal impf 3ms · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָפַר (H5608) 'and he recounted'.
5

אִם הָלַ֥כְתִּי עִם שָׁ֑וְא וַתַּ֖חַשׁ עַל מִרְמָ֣ה רַגְלִֽי

If I have walked with vanity, or if my foot has hasted to deceit;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I went'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
הָלַ֥כְתִּיI wentQal perf 1cs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'I went'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
שָׁ֑וְאfalsehoodN c · שָׁוְא (H7723)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁוְא (H7723) 'falsehood'.
וַתַּ֖חַשׁand hastensconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · חוּשׁ (H2363)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחוּשׁ (H2363) 'and hastens'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מִרְמָ֣הwith deceitN c · מִרְמָה (H4820)Construct chain (genitival)מִרְמָה (H4820) 'with deceit'.
רַגְלִֽיthe feet ofN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'the feet of'.
6

יִשְׁקְלֵ֥נִי בְמֹאזְנֵי צֶ֑דֶק וְיֵדַ֥ע אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּ תֻּמָּתִֽי

Let me be weighed in an even balance, that God may know mine integrity.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall weigh out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יִשְׁקְלֵ֥נִיhe shall weigh outQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · שָקַל (H8254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָקַל (H8254) 'he shall weigh out'.
בְמֹאזְנֵיbalances ofprep + N com m du constr · מֹאזְנַיִם (H3976)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֹאזְנַיִם (H3976) 'balances of'.
צֶ֑דֶקjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
וְיֵדַ֥עand knewconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'and knew'.
אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַּGodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
תֻּמָּתִֽיintegrityN c · תֻּמָּה (H8538)Construct chain (genitival)תֻּמָּה (H8538) 'integrity'.
7

אִ֥ם תִּטֶּ֣ה אַשֻּׁרִי֮ מִנִּ֪י הַ֫דָּ֥רֶךְ וְאַחַ֣ר עֵ֭ינַי הָלַ֣ךְ לִבִּ֑י וּ֝בְכַפַּ֗י דָּ֣בַק מֻאֽוּם

If my step has turned out of the way, and mine heart walked after mine eyes, and if any blot has cleaved to mine hands;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall pervert'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אִ֥םifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תִּטֶּ֣הyou shall pervertQal impf 3fs · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָטָה (H5186) 'you shall pervert'.
אַשֻּׁרִי֮goingN c · אָשֻׁר (H838)Construct chain (genitival)אָשֻׁר (H838) 'going'.
מִנִּ֪יfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הַ֫דָּ֥רֶךְthe wayart + N com c sg abs · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way'.
וְאַחַ֣רand afterwardconj וְ + prep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'and afterward'.
עֵ֭ינַיthe eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
הָלַ֣ךְwentQal perf 3ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
לִבִּ֑יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
וּ֝בְכַפַּ֗יa pan ofconj וְ + prep + N com f du constr + sfx 1cs · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
דָּ֣בַקyou shall clingQal perf 3ms · דָּבַק (H1692)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּבַק (H1692) 'you shall cling'.
מֻאֽוּםa blemishN c · מוּם (H3971)Construct chain (genitival)מוּם (H3971) 'a blemish'.
8

אֶ֭זְרְעָה וְאַחֵ֣ר יֹאכֵ֑ל וְֽצֶאֱצָאַ֥י יְשֹׁרָֽשׁוּ

let me sow, and let another eat; yea, let my offspring be rooted out.

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall sow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
אֶ֭זְרְעָהyou shall sowQal cohortative 1cs · זָרַע (H2232)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalזָרַע (H2232) 'you shall sow'.
וְאַחֵ֣רotherconj וְ + Adj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'other'.
יֹאכֵ֑לshall eatQal impf 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'shall eat'.
וְֽצֶאֱצָאַ֥יandconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · צֶאֱצָא (H6631)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶאֱצָא (H6631) 'and'.
יְשֹׁרָֽשׁוּ(takePual impf 3mp · שָׁרַשׁ (H8327)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁרַשׁ (H8327) '(take'.
9

אִם נִפְתָּ֣ה לִ֭בִּי עַל אִשָּׁ֑ה וְעַל פֶּ֖תַח רֵעִ֣י אָרָֽבְתִּי

If mine heart have been deceived by a woman, or I have laid wait at my neighbour's door;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'lying in ambush'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
נִפְתָּ֣הbe deceivedN · פָּתָה (H6601)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּתָה (H6601) 'be deceived'.
לִ֭בִּיmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אִשָּׁ֑הa womanN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'a woman'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
פֶּ֖תַחthe entrance ofN c · פֶּתַח (H6607)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּתַח (H6607) 'the entrance of'.
רֵעִ֣יmy friendsN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'my friends'.
אָרָֽבְתִּיlying in ambushQal perf 1cs · אָרַב (H693)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָרַב (H693) 'lying in ambush'.
10

תִּטְחַ֣ן לְאַחֵ֣ר אִשְׁתִּ֑י וְ֝עָלֶ֗יהָ יִכְרְע֥וּן אֲחֵרִֽין

let my wife grind to another, and let others bow down upon her.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'grinding'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
תִּטְחַ֣ןgrindingQal impf 3fs · טָחַן (H2912)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalטָחַן (H2912) 'grinding'.
לְאַחֵ֣רotherprep + Adj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'other'.
אִשְׁתִּ֑יmy wifeN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'my wife'.
וְ֝עָלֶ֗יהָonconj וְ + prep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יִכְרְע֥וּןhe kneltQal impf 3mp + Sn · כָּרַע (H3766)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּרַע (H3766) 'he knelt'.
אֲחֵרִֽיןotherAdj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'other'.
11

כִּי הוא הִ֥יא זִמָּ֑ה והיא וְ֝ה֗וּא עָוֺ֥ן פְּלִילִֽים

For this an heinous crime; yea, it an iniquity the judges.

Linked non-verbal clause
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הואhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
הִ֥יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
זִמָּ֑הdepravityN c · זִמָּה (H2154)Construct chain (genitival)זִמָּה (H2154) 'depravity'.
והיאand sheconj וְ + pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and she'.
וְ֝ה֗וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
עָוֺ֥ןthe iniquity ofN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
פְּלִילִֽיםjudgesN c · פְּלִילִי (H6414)Construct chain (genitival)פְּלִילִי (H6414) 'judges'.
12

כִּ֤י אֵ֣שׁ הִ֭יא עַד אֲבַדּ֣וֹן תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּֽבְכָל תְּב֖וּאָתִ֣י תְשָׁרֵֽשׁ

For it a fire consumeth to destruction, and would root out all mine increase.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall eat'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֣שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
הִ֭יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
אֲבַדּ֣וֹןdestructionN · אֲבַדּוֹן (H11)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבַדּוֹן (H11) 'destruction'.
תֹּאכֵ֑לyou shall eatQal impf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
וּֽבְכָלand with allconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and with all'.
תְּב֖וּאָתִ֣יits yieldN c · תְּבוּאָה (H8393)Construct chain (genitival)תְּבוּאָה (H8393) 'its yield'.
תְשָׁרֵֽשׁ(takePiel impf 3fs · שָׁרַשׁ (H8327)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁרַשׁ (H8327) '(take'.
13

אִם אֶמְאַ֗ס מִשְׁפַּ֣ט עַ֭בְדִּי וַאֲמָתִ֑י בְּ֝רִבָ֗ם עִמָּדִֽי

If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant, when they contended with me;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'despise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֶמְאַ֗סdespiseQal impf 1cs · מָאַס (H3988)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָאַס (H3988) 'despise'.
מִשְׁפַּ֣טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
עַ֭בְדִּיthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
וַאֲמָתִ֑יyour maidservantconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָמָה (H519)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמָה (H519) 'your maidservant'.
בְּ֝רִבָ֗םand quarreledprep + Niphal inf constr + sfx 3mp · רִיב (H7378)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרִיב (H7378) 'and quarreled'.
עִמָּדִֽיwith meprep + sfx 1cs · עִמָּד (H5978)Particle or relational elementעִמָּד (H5978) 'with me'.
14

וּמָ֣ה אֶֽ֭עֱשֶׂה כִּֽי יָק֣וּם אֵ֑ל וְכִֽי יִ֝פְקֹ֗ד מָ֣ה אֲשִׁיבֶֽנּוּ

What then shall I do when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וּמָ֣הand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
אֶֽ֭עֱשֶׂהI will doQal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I will do'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָק֣וּםshall standQal impf 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'shall stand'.
אֵ֑לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
וְכִֽיand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'and if'.
יִ֝פְקֹ֗דwill visitQal impf 3ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּקַד (H6485) 'will visit'.
מָ֣הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
אֲשִׁיבֶֽנּוּwill bring him backHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'will bring him back'.
15

הֲֽ֝לֹא בַ֭בֶּטֶן עֹשֵׂ֣נִי עָשָׂ֑הוּ וַ֝יְכֻנֶ֗נּוּ בָּרֶ֥חֶם אֶחָֽד

Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb?

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֲֽ֝לֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
בַ֭בֶּטֶןyour wombprep + art + N com f sg abs · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'your womb'.
עֹשֵׂ֣נִיhe didQal ptc ms + sfx 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
עָשָׂ֑הוּwho made himQal perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'who made him'.
וַ֝יְכֻנֶ֗נּוּreadyconj וְ + Polel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 1cp · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
בָּרֶ֥חֶםher wombprep + art + N com m sg abs · רֶחֶם (H7358)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶחֶם (H7358) 'her womb'.
אֶחָֽדoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
16

אִם אֶ֭מְנַע מֵחֵ֣פֶץ דַּלִּ֑ים וְעֵינֵ֖י אַלְמָנָ֣ה אֲכַלֶּֽה

If I have withheld the poor from desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'has withheld you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֶ֭מְנַעhas withheld youQal impf 1cs · מָנַע (H4513)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָנַע (H4513) 'has withheld you'.
מֵחֵ֣פֶץacceptableprep + N com m sg constr · חֵפֶץ (H2656)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵפֶץ (H2656) 'acceptable'.
דַּלִּ֑יםpoorAdj · דַּל (H1800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּל (H1800) 'poor'.
וְעֵינֵ֖יand eyes ofconj וְ + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'and eyes of'.
אַלְמָנָ֣הa widowN c · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Construct chain (genitival)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'a widow'.
אֲכַלֶּֽהI will spendPiel impf 1cs · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּלָה (H3615) 'I will spend'.
17

וְאֹכַ֣ל פִּתִּ֣י לְבַדִּ֑י וְלֹא אָכַ֖ל יָת֣וֹם מִמֶּֽנָּה

Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless has not eaten thereof;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and it will eat'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְאֹכַ֣לand it will eatconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'and it will eat'.
פִּתִּ֣יmorsel ofN c · פַּת (H6595)Construct chain (genitival)פַּת (H6595) 'morsel of'.
לְבַדִּ֑יaloneprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · בַּד (H905)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּד (H905) 'alone'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אָכַ֖לeatsQal perf 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'eats'.
יָת֣וֹםorphanN c · יָתוֹם (H3490)Construct chain (genitival)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'orphan'.
מִמֶּֽנָּהof one piece with itprep + sfx 3fs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of one piece with it'.
18

כִּ֣י מִ֭נְּעוּרַי גְּדֵלַ֣נִי כְאָ֑ב וּמִבֶּ֖טֶן אִמִּ֣י אַנְחֶֽנָּה

(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as a father, and I have guided her from my mother's womb;)

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he grew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִ֭נְּעוּרַיin her youthprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 1cs · נַעַר (H5271)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5271) 'in her youth'.
גְּדֵלַ֣נִיand he grewQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַל (H1431) 'and he grew'.
כְאָ֑בhis fatherprep + N com m sg abs · אָב (H1)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָב (H1) 'his father'.
וּמִבֶּ֖טֶןyour wombconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'your womb'.
אִמִּ֣יmy motherN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'my mother'.
אַנְחֶֽנָּהled himHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 3fs · נָחָה (H5148)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָחָה (H5148) 'led him'.
19

אִם אֶרְאֶ֣ה א֭וֹבֵד מִבְּלִ֣י לְב֑וּשׁ וְאֵ֥ין כְּ֝ס֗וּת לָאֶבְיֽוֹן

If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'let me see'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֶרְאֶ֣הlet me seeQal impf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'let me see'.
א֭וֹבֵדyour perishingQal ptc ms · אָבַד (H6)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
מִבְּלִ֣יbecause there is nothingprep + N com m sg constr · בְּלִי (H1097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּלִי (H1097) 'because there is nothing'.
לְב֑וּשׁhis garmentN c · לְבוּשׁ (H3830)Construct chain (genitival)לְבוּשׁ (H3830) 'his garment'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
כְּ֝ס֗וּתa covering ofN c · כְּסוּת (H3682)Construct chain (genitival)כְּסוּת (H3682) 'a covering of'.
לָאֶבְיֽוֹןpoorprep + art + Adj · אֶבְיוֹן (H34)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבְיוֹן (H34) 'poor'.
20

אִם לֹ֣א בֵרֲכ֣וּנִי חלצו חֲלָצָ֑יו וּמִגֵּ֥ז כְּ֝בָשַׂי יִתְחַמָּֽם

If his loins have not blessed me, and he were warmed with the fleece of my sheep;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'blessed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
בֵרֲכ֣וּנִיblessedPiel perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'blessed'.
חלצוfrom your loinsN c · חֲלָצַיִם (H2504)Construct chain (genitival)חֲלָצַיִם (H2504) 'from your loins'.
חֲלָצָ֑יוfrom your loinsN c · חֲלָצַיִם (H2504)Construct chain (genitival)חֲלָצַיִם (H2504) 'from your loins'.
וּמִגֵּ֥זthe fleece/shearing ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · גֵּז (H1488)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֵּז (H1488) 'the fleece/shearing of'.
כְּ֝בָשַׂיlambsN c · כֶבֶשׂ (H3532)Construct chain (genitival)כֶבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lambs'.
יִתְחַמָּֽםand grew hotHithpael impf 3ms · חַם/חָמַם (H2552)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחַם/חָמַם (H2552) 'and grew hot'.
21

אִם הֲנִיפ֣וֹתִי עַל יָת֣וֹם יָדִ֑י כִּֽי אֶרְאֶ֥ה בַ֝שַּׁ֗עַר עֶזְרָתִֽי

If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he shall wave'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
הֲנִיפ֣וֹתִיand he shall waveHiphil perf 1cs · נוּף (H5130)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּף (H5130) 'and he shall wave'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יָת֣וֹםorphanN c · יָתוֹם (H3490)Construct chain (genitival)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'orphan'.
יָדִ֑יmy handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֶרְאֶ֥הlet me seeQal impf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'let me see'.
בַ֝שַּׁ֗עַרin the gate ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'in the gate of'.
עֶזְרָתִֽיto the help ofN c · עֶזְרָה (H5833)Construct chain (genitival)עֶזְרָה (H5833) 'to the help of'.
22

כְּ֭תֵפִי מִשִּׁכְמָ֣ה תִפּ֑וֹל וְ֝אֶזְרֹעִ֗י מִקָּנָ֥ה תִשָּׁבֵֽר

let mine arm fall from my shoulder blade, and mine arm be broken from the bone.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he fell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
כְּ֭תֵפִיthe shoulder ofN c · כָּתֵף (H3802)Construct chain (genitival)כָּתֵף (H3802) 'the shoulder of'.
מִשִּׁכְמָ֣הfromprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · שִׁכְמָה (H7929)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁכְמָה (H7929) 'from'.
תִפּ֑וֹלand he fellQal impf 3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
וְ֝אֶזְרֹעִ֗יandconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · אֶזְרוֹעַ (H248)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶזְרוֹעַ (H248) 'and'.
מִקָּנָ֥הthe branchesprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · קָנֶה (H7070)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָנֶה (H7070) 'the branches'.
תִשָּׁבֵֽרyou shall breakN · שָׁבַר (H7665)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁבַר (H7665) 'you shall break'.
23

כִּ֤י פַ֣חַד אֵ֭לַי אֵ֣יד אֵ֑ל וּ֝מִשְּׂאֵת֗וֹ לֹ֣א אוּכָֽל

For destruction God a terror to me, and by reason of his highness I could not endure.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I am able'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
פַ֣חַדthe dread of youN c · פַּחַד (H6343)Construct chain (genitival)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
אֵ֭לַיto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
אֵ֣ידtheir calamityN c · אֵיד (H343)Construct chain (genitival)אֵיד (H343) 'their calamity'.
אֵ֑לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
וּ֝מִשְּׂאֵת֗וֹa swellingconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · שְׂאֵת (H7613)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂאֵת (H7613) 'a swelling'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אוּכָֽלI am ableQal impf 1cs · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'I am able'.
24

אִם שַׂ֣מְתִּי זָהָ֣ב כִּסְלִ֑י וְ֝לַכֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽי

If I have made gold my hope, or have said to the fine gold, my confidence;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have set'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
שַׂ֣מְתִּיI have setQal perf 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'I have set'.
זָהָ֣בgoldN c · זָהָב (H2091)Construct chain (genitival)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'.
כִּסְלִ֑יthe loinsN c · כֶּסֶל (H3689)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶל (H3689) 'the loins'.
וְ֝לַכֶּ֗תֶםfromconj וְ + prep + art + N com m sg abs · כֶּתֶם (H3800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּתֶם (H3800) 'from'.
אָמַ֥רְתִּיI saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'I said'.
מִבְטַחִֽיconfidenceN c · מִבְטָח (H4009)Construct chain (genitival)מִבְטָח (H4009) 'confidence'.
25

אִם אֶ֭שְׂמַח כִּי רַ֣ב חֵילִ֑י וְכִֽי כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽי

If I rejoiced because my wealth great, and because mine hand had gotten much;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֶ֭שְׂמַחand you shall rejoiceQal impf 1cs · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
רַ֣בgreatAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'great'.
חֵילִ֑יabilityN c · חַיִל (H2428)Construct chain (genitival)חַיִל (H2428) 'ability'.
וְכִֽיand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'and if'.
כַ֝בִּ֗ירfeebleAdj · כַּבִּיר (H3524)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּבִּיר (H3524) 'feeble'.
מָצְאָ֥הhe found herQal perf 3fs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'he found her'.
יָדִֽיmy handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
26

אִם אֶרְאֶ֣ה א֖וֹר כִּ֣י יָהֵ֑ל וְ֝יָרֵ֗חַ יָקָ֥ר הֹלֵֽךְ

If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon walking brightness;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'let me see'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֶרְאֶ֣הlet me seeQal impf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'let me see'.
א֖וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָהֵ֑לand they praisedHiphil impf 3ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
וְ֝יָרֵ֗חַand moonconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יָרֵחַ (H3394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵחַ (H3394) 'and moon'.
יָקָ֥רbrightnessAdj · יָקָר (H3368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָקָר (H3368) 'brightness'.
הֹלֵֽךְwentQal ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
27

וַיִּ֣פְתְּ בַּסֵּ֣תֶר לִבִּ֑י וַתִּשַּׁ֖ק יָדִ֣י לְפִֽי

And my heart has been secretly enticed, or my mouth has kissed my hand:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'be deceived'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיִּ֣פְתְּbe deceivedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּתָה (H6601)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּתָה (H6601) 'be deceived'.
בַּסֵּ֣תֶרin secretprep + art + N com m sg abs · סֵתֶר (H5643)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֵתֶר (H5643) 'in secret'.
לִבִּ֑יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
וַתִּשַּׁ֖קand he kissedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · נָשַׁק (H5401)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשַׁק (H5401) 'and he kissed'.
יָדִ֣יmy handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
לְפִֽיwith the edge ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'with the edge of'.
28

גַּם ה֭וּא עָוֺ֣ן פְּלִילִ֑י כִּֽי כִחַ֖שְׁתִּי לָאֵ֣ל מִמָּֽעַל

This also an iniquity the judge: for I should have denied the God above.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they shall cringe'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
ה֭וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
עָוֺ֣ןthe iniquity ofN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
פְּלִילִ֑יjudgeAdj · פְּלִילִי (H6416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִילִי (H6416) 'judge'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כִחַ֖שְׁתִּיand they shall cringePiel perf 1cs · כָּחַשׁ (H3584)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּחַשׁ (H3584) 'and they shall cringe'.
לָאֵ֣לpower inprep + art + N com m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H410) 'power in'.
מִמָּֽעַלaboveprep + art · מַעְלָה (H4605)Particle or relational elementמַעְלָה (H4605) 'above'.
29

אִם אֶ֭שְׂמַח בְּפִ֣יד מְשַׂנְאִ֑י וְ֝הִתְעֹרַ֗רְתִּי כִּֽי מְצָ֥אוֹ רָֽע

If I rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me, or lifted up myself when evil found him:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֶ֭שְׂמַחand you shall rejoiceQal impf 1cs · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
בְּפִ֣ידinprep + N com m sg constr · פִּיד (H6365)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּיד (H6365) 'in'.
מְשַׂנְאִ֑יhatingPiel ptc ms + sfx 1cs · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
וְ֝הִתְעֹרַ֗רְתִּיawakeconj וְ + Hithpolel q 1cs · עוּר (H5782)Particle or relational elementעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מְצָ֥אוֹthey foundQal perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'they found'.
רָֽעbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
30

וְלֹא נָתַ֣תִּי לַחֲטֹ֣א חִכִּ֑י לִשְׁאֹ֖ל בְּאָלָ֣ה נַפְשֽׁוֹ

Neither have I suffered my mouth to sin by wishing a curse to his soul.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have given'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נָתַ֣תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'I have given'.
לַחֲטֹ֣אto sinprep + Qal inf constr · חָטָא (H2398)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָטָא (H2398) 'to sin'.
חִכִּ֑י(roof of the) mouthN c · חֵךְ (H2441)Construct chain (genitival)חֵךְ (H2441) '(roof of the) mouth'.
לִשְׁאֹ֖לaskprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁאַל (H7592)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁאַל (H7592) 'ask'.
בְּאָלָ֣הan oathprep + N com f sg abs · אָלָה (H423)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָלָה (H423) 'an oath'.
נַפְשֽׁוֹhis soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
31

אִם לֹ֣א אָ֭מְרוּ מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑י מִֽי יִתֵּ֥ן מִ֝בְּשָׂר֗וֹ לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע

If the men of my tabernacle said not, Oh that we had of his flesh! we cannot be satisfied.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אָ֭מְרוּthey saidQal perf 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'they said'.
מְתֵ֣יmen ofN c · מַת (H4962)Construct chain (genitival)מַת (H4962) 'men of'.
אָהֳלִ֑יthe tents ofN c · אֹהֶל (H168)Construct chain (genitival)אֹהֶל (H168) 'the tents of'.
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יִתֵּ֥ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
מִ֝בְּשָׂר֗וֹfrom his fleshprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'from his flesh'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נִשְׂבָּֽעand be satisfiedN · שָׂבַע (H7646)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
32

בַּ֭חוּץ לֹא יָלִ֣ין גֵּ֑ר דְּ֝לָתַ֗י לָאֹ֥רַח אֶפְתָּֽח

The stranger did not lodge in the street: I opened my doors to the traveller.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall remain overnight'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בַּ֭חוּץoutsideprep + art + N com m sg abs · חוּץ (H2351)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָלִ֣יןshall remain overnightQal impf 3ms · לוּן (H3885)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלוּן (H3885) 'shall remain overnight'.
גֵּ֑רa sojournerN c · גֵּר (H1616)Construct chain (genitival)גֵּר (H1616) 'a sojourner'.
דְּ֝לָתַ֗יthe doorN c · דֶּלֶת (H1817)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּלֶת (H1817) 'the door'.
לָאֹ֥רַחthe way ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֹרַח (H734)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹרַח (H734) 'the way of'.
אֶפְתָּֽחand he openedQal impf 1cs · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּתַח (H6605) 'and he opened'.
33

אִם כִּסִּ֣יתִי כְאָדָ֣ם פְּשָׁעָ֑י לִטְמ֖וֹן בְּחֻבִּ֣י עֲוֺֽנִי

If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'that covers'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
כִּסִּ֣יתִיthat coversPiel perf 1cs · כָּסָה (H3680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּסָה (H3680) 'that covers'.
כְאָדָ֣םAdamprep + N proper · אָדָם (H121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H121) 'Adam'.
פְּשָׁעָ֑יmy transgressionN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'my transgression'.
לִטְמ֖וֹןhiddenprep + Qal inf constr · טָמַן (H2934)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementטָמַן (H2934) 'hidden'.
בְּחֻבִּ֣יinprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · חֹב (H2243)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹב (H2243) 'in'.
עֲוֺֽנִיmy punishmentN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'my punishment'.
34

כִּ֤י אֶֽעֱר֨וֹץ הָ֘מ֤וֹן רַבָּ֗ה וּבוּז מִשְׁפָּח֥וֹת יְחִתֵּ֑נִי וָ֝אֶדֹּ֗ם לֹא אֵ֥צֵא פָֽתַח

Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, went not out of the door?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'be terrified/dread'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֶֽעֱר֨וֹץbe terrified/dreadQal impf 1cs · עָרַץ (H6206)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָרַץ (H6206) 'be terrified/dread'.
הָ֘מ֤וֹןmultitude ofN c · הָמוֹן (H1995)Construct chain (genitival)הָמוֹן (H1995) 'multitude of'.
רַבָּ֗הgreatAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'great'.
וּבוּזa laughingstockconj וְ + N com m sg constr · בּוּז (H937)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בּוּז (H937) 'a laughingstock'.
מִשְׁפָּח֥וֹתclans ofN c · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940) 'clans of'.
יְחִתֵּ֑נִיbe dismayedHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · חָתַת (H2865)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָתַת (H2865) 'be dismayed'.
וָ֝אֶדֹּ֗םthey are stillconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · דָּמַם (H1826)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדָּמַם (H1826) 'they are still'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֵ֥צֵאI will go outQal impf 1cs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'I will go out'.
פָֽתַחthe entrance ofN c · פֶּתַח (H6607)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּתַח (H6607) 'the entrance of'.
35

מִ֤י יִתֶּן לִ֨י שֹׁ֘מֵ֤עַֽ לִ֗י הֶן תָּ֭וִי שַׁדַּ֣י יַעֲנֵ֑נִי וְסֵ֥פֶר כָּ֝תַ֗ב אִ֣ישׁ רִיבִֽי

Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire the Almighty would answer me, and mine adversary had written a book.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'would give'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יִתֶּןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
לִ֨יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
שֹׁ֘מֵ֤עַֽlistenQal ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
לִ֗יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
הֶןbeholdparticle · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
תָּ֭וִיdesireN c · תָּו (H8420)Construct chain (genitival)תָּו (H8420) 'desire'.
שַׁדַּ֣יShaddaiN · שַׁדַּי (H7706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁדַּי (H7706) 'Shaddai'.
יַעֲנֵ֑נִיand answeredQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
וְסֵ֥פֶרthe book ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · סֵפֶר (H5612)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֵפֶר (H5612) 'the book of'.
כָּ֝תַ֗בwriteQal perf 3ms · כָּתַב (H3789)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּתַב (H3789) 'write'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
רִיבִֽיdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
36

אִם לֹ֣א עַל שִׁ֭כְמִי אֶשָּׂאֶ֑נּוּ אֶֽעֶנְדֶ֖נּוּ עֲטָר֣וֹת לִֽי

Surely I would take it upon my shoulder, bind it a crown to me.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'lifts up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שִׁ֭כְמִיhis shoulderN c · שְׁכֶם (H7926)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁכֶם (H7926) 'his shoulder'.
אֶשָּׂאֶ֑נּוּlifts upQal impf 1cs + sfx 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
אֶֽעֶנְדֶ֖נּוּbindQal impf 1cs + sfx 3ms · עָנַד (H6029)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנַד (H6029) 'bind'.
עֲטָר֣וֹתthe crown ofN c · עֲטָרָה (H5850)Construct chain (genitival)עֲטָרָה (H5850) 'the crown of'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
37

מִסְפַּ֣ר צְ֭עָדַי אַגִּידֶ֑נּוּ כְּמוֹ נָ֝גִ֗יד אֲקָרֲבֶֽנּוּ

I would declare to him the number of my steps; as a prince would I go near to him.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and it was told'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מִסְפַּ֣רthe number ofN c · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Construct chain (genitival)מִסְפָּר (H4557) 'the number of'.
צְ֭עָדַיpaceN c · צַעַד (H6806)Construct chain (genitival)צַעַד (H6806) 'pace'.
אַגִּידֶ֑נּוּand it was toldHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
כְּמוֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
נָ֝גִ֗ידtoN c · נָגִיד (H5057)Construct chain (genitival)נָגִיד (H5057) 'to'.
אֲקָרֲבֶֽנּוּand he shall presentPiel impf 1cs + sfx 3ms · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרַב (H7126) 'and he shall present'.
38

אִם עָ֭לַי אַדְמָתִ֣י תִזְעָ֑ק וְ֝יַ֗חַד תְּלָמֶ֥יהָ יִבְכָּיֽוּן

If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they cried out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
עָ֭לַיagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
אַדְמָתִ֣יthe groundN c · אֲדָמָה (H127)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'the ground'.
תִזְעָ֑קand they cried outQal impf 3fs · זָעַק (H2199)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָעַק (H2199) 'and they cried out'.
וְ֝יַ֗חַדtogetherconj וְ + art · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
תְּלָמֶ֥יהָfurrowN c · תֶּלֶם (H8525)Construct chain (genitival)תֶּלֶם (H8525) 'furrow'.
יִבְכָּיֽוּןand they weptQal impf 3mp + Sn · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּכָה (H1058) 'and they wept'.
39

אִם כֹּ֭חָהּ אָכַ֣לְתִּי בְלִי כָ֑סֶף וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלֶ֣יהָ הִפָּֽחְתִּי

If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, or have caused the owners thereof to lose their life:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I ate'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
כֹּ֭חָהּits strengthN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'its strength'.
אָכַ֣לְתִּיI ateQal perf 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'I ate'.
בְלִיwithoutneg. · בְּלִי (H1097)Particle or relational elementבְּלִי (H1097) 'without'.
כָ֑סֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
וְנֶ֖פֶשׁand persons ofconj וְ + N com c sg constr · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'and persons of'.
בְּעָלֶ֣יהָthe lords ofN c · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167) 'the lords of'.
הִפָּֽחְתִּיbreathedHiphil perf 1cs · נָפַח (H5301)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַח (H5301) 'breathed'.
40

תַּ֤חַת חִטָּ֨ה יֵ֥צֵא ח֗וֹחַ וְתַֽחַת שְׂעֹרָ֥ה בָאְשָׁ֑ה תַּ֝֗מּוּ דִּבְרֵ֥י אִיּֽוֹב

Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'one going out (to)'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
תַּ֤חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
חִטָּ֨הwheatN c · חִטָּה (H2406)Construct chain (genitival)חִטָּה (H2406) 'wheat'.
יֵ֥צֵאone going out (to)Qal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
ח֗וֹחַbrambleN c · חוֹחַ (H2336)Construct chain (genitival)חוֹחַ (H2336) 'bramble'.
וְתַֽחַתand underconj וְ + prep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'and under'.
שְׂעֹרָ֥הbarleyN c · שְׂעֹרָה (H8184)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂעֹרָה (H8184) 'barley'.
בָאְשָׁ֑הcockleN c · בׇּאְשָׁה (H890)Construct chain (genitival)בׇּאְשָׁה (H890) 'cockle'.
תַּ֝֗מּוּhad finishedQal perf 3cp · תָּמַם (H8552)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actתָּמַם (H8552) 'had finished'.
דִּבְרֵ֥יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
אִיּֽוֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.