Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Job, Chapter 2איוב 2

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Job 2 (13 verses in the MT) opens: Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before YHWH, and Satan came also among them to present himself before YHWH. The middle of the chapter continues: So went Satan forth from the presence of YHWH, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot to his crown. It closes: So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spake a word to him: for they saw that grief was very great.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Job 2 comprises 13 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves be. Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before YHWH, and Satan came also among them to present himself before YHWH. And YHWH said to Satan, From whence comest you? And Satan answered YHWH, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it. And YHWH said to Satan, Hast you considered my servant. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — But put forth your hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he wi. But put forth your hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will curse you to your face. And YHWH said to Satan, Behold, he in your hand; but save his life. So went Satan forth from the presence of YHWH, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot to his crown. And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down among. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — Then said his wife to him, Dost you still retain your integrity? curse G. Then said his wife to him, Dost you still retain your integrity? curse God, and die. But he said to her, You speakest as one of the foolish women speaketh. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? In all this did not Job sin with his lips. Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come upon him, they. Movement IV (vv. 13) — So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, a. So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spake a word to him: for they saw that grief was very great. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיְהִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים לְהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב עַל יְהוָ֑ה וַיָּב֤וֹא גַֽם הַשָּׂטָן֙ בְּתֹכָ֔ם לְהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב עַל יְהוָֽה

Again there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before YHWH, and Satan came also among them to present himself before YHWH.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיְהִ֣יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
הַיּ֔וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙and they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
לְהִתְיַצֵּ֖בto present themselvesprep + Hithpael inf constr · הִתְיַצֵּב (H3320)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהִתְיַצֵּב (H3320) 'to present themselves'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וַיָּב֤וֹאand cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and came'.
גַֽםalsoart · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
הַשָּׂטָן֙the satanart + N com m sg abs · שָׂטָן (H7854)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂטָן (H7854) 'the satan'.
בְּתֹכָ֔םin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
לְהִתְיַצֵּ֖בto present themselvesprep + Hithpael inf constr · הִתְיַצֵּב (H3320)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהִתְיַצֵּב (H3320) 'to present themselves'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
2

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל הַשָּׂטָ֔ן אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה תָּבֹ֑א וַיַּ֨עַן הַשָּׂטָ֤ן אֶת יְהוָה֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר מִשֻּׁ֣ט בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּמֵהִתְהַלֵּ֖ךְ בָּֽהּ

And YHWH said to Satan, From whence comest you? And Satan answered YHWH, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַשָּׂטָ֔ןthe satanart + N com m sg abs · שָׂטָן (H7854)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂטָן (H7854) 'the satan'.
אֵ֥יwhereinterrog. · אֵי (H335)Particle or relational elementאֵי (H335) 'where'.
מִזֶּ֖הfrom hereprep + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'from here'.
תָּבֹ֑אyou comeQal impf 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
וַיַּ֨עַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
הַשָּׂטָ֤ןthe satanart + N com m sg abs · שָׂטָן (H7854)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂטָן (H7854) 'the satan'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וַיֹּאמַ֔רand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
מִשֻּׁ֣טfrom roamingprep + Qal inf constr · שׁוּט (H7751)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשׁוּט (H7751) 'from roaming'.
בָּאָ֔רֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
וּמֵהִתְהַלֵּ֖ךְand from walking aboutconj וְ + prep + Hithpael inf constr · הָלַךְ (H1980)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H1980) 'and from walking about'.
בָּֽהּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
3

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל הַשָּׂטָ֗ן הֲשַׂ֣מְתָּ לִבְּךָ֮ אֶל עַבְדִּ֣י אִיּוֹב֒ כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין כָּמֹ֜הוּ בָּאָ֗רֶץ אִ֣ישׁ תָּ֧ם וְיָשָׁ֛ר יְרֵ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְסָ֣ר מֵרָ֑ע וְעֹדֶ֨נּוּ֙ מַחֲזִ֣יק בְּתֻמָּת֔וֹ וַתְּסִיתֵ֥נִי ב֖וֹ לְבַלְּע֥וֹ חִנָּֽם

And YHWH said to Satan, Hast you considered my servant Job, that none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil? and still he holdeth fast his integrity, although you movedst me against him, to destroy him without cause.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַשָּׂטָ֗ןthe satanart + N com m sg abs · שָׂטָן (H7854)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂטָן (H7854) 'the satan'.
הֲשַׂ֣מְתָּhave you consideredinterrog. + Qal perf 2ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'have you considered'.
לִבְּךָ֮your heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עַבְדִּ֣יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
אִיּוֹב֒JobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֨יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
כָּמֹ֜הוּlike itprep + sfx 3ms · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like it'.
בָּאָ֗רֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
תָּ֧םblamelessAdj · תָּמִים (H8535)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8535) 'blameless'.
וְיָשָׁ֛רand uprightconj וְ + Adj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'and upright'.
יְרֵ֥אhe fearedAdj · יָרֵא (H3373)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵא (H3373) 'he feared'.
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
וְסָ֣רand turning awayconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · סוּר (H5493)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסוּר (H5493) 'and turning away'.
מֵרָ֑עfrom evilprep + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'from evil'.
וְעֹדֶ֨נּוּ֙againconj וְ + art + sfx 3ms · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
מַחֲזִ֣יקholding fastHiphil ptc ms · חָזַק (H2388)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָזַק (H2388) 'holding fast'.
בְּתֻמָּת֔וֹinprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · תֻּמָּה (H8538)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֻּמָּה (H8538) 'in'.
וַתְּסִיתֵ֥נִיentices youconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 2ms + sfx 1cs · סוּת (H5496)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסוּת (H5496) 'entices you'.
ב֖וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
לְבַלְּע֥וֹand it swallowedprep + Piel inf constr + sfx 3ms · בָּלַע (H1104)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּלַע (H1104) 'and it swallowed'.
חִנָּֽםfor nothingart · חִנָּם (H2600)Particle or relational elementחִנָּם (H2600) 'for nothing'.
4

וַיַּ֧עַן הַשָּׂטָ֛ן אֶת יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר ע֣וֹר בְּעַד ע֗וֹר וְכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָאִ֔ישׁ יִתֵּ֖ן בְּעַ֥ד נַפְשֽׁוֹ

And Satan answered YHWH, and said, Skin for skin, yea, all that a man has will he give for his life.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיַּ֧עַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
הַשָּׂטָ֛ןthe satanart + N com m sg abs · שָׂטָן (H7854)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂטָן (H7854) 'the satan'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וַיֹּאמַ֑רand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
ע֣וֹרskin ofN c · עוֹר (H5785)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹר (H5785) 'skin of'.
בְּעַדthroughprep · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'through'.
ע֗וֹרskin ofN c · עוֹר (H5785)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹר (H5785) 'skin of'.
וְכֹל֙and allconj וְ + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לָאִ֔ישׁto a manprep + art + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'to a man'.
יִתֵּ֖ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
בְּעַ֥דthroughprep · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'through'.
נַפְשֽׁוֹhis soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
5

אוּלָם֙ שְֽׁלַֽח נָ֣א יָֽדְךָ֔ וְגַ֥ע אֶל עַצְמ֖וֹ וְאֶל בְּשָׂר֑וֹ אִם לֹ֥א אֶל פָּנֶ֖יךָ יְבָרֲכֶֽךָּ

But put forth your hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will curse you to your face.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'let go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
אוּלָם֙butart · אוּלָם (H199)Particle or relational elementאוּלָם (H199) 'but'.
שְֽׁלַֽחlet goQal impv 2ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁלַח (H7971) 'let go'.
נָ֣אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
יָֽדְךָ֔your handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hand'.
וְגַ֥עand touchconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · נָגַע (H5060)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָגַע (H5060) 'and touch'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עַצְמ֖וֹthe bones ofN c · עֶצֶם (H6106)Construct chain (genitival)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'the bones of'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
בְּשָׂר֑וֹhis bodyN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'his body'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
פָּנֶ֖יךָyour faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'your face'.
יְבָרֲכֶֽךָּhe may bless youPiel impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'he may bless you'.
6

וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל הַשָּׂטָ֖ן הִנּ֣וֹ בְיָדֶ֑ךָ אַ֖ךְ אֶת נַפְשׁ֥וֹ שְׁמֹֽר

And YHWH said to Satan, Behold, he in your hand; but save his life.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיֹּ֧אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַשָּׂטָ֖ןthe satanart + N com m sg abs · שָׂטָן (H7854)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂטָן (H7854) 'the satan'.
הִנּ֣וֹbehold, Iparticle + sfx 3ms · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
בְיָדֶ֑ךָinto your handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'into your hand'.
אַ֖ךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נַפְשׁ֥וֹhis soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
שְׁמֹֽרkeepQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keep'.
7

וַיֵּצֵא֙ הַשָּׂטָ֔ן מֵאֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת אִיּוֹב֙ בִּשְׁחִ֣ין רָ֔ע מִכַּ֥ף רַגְל֖וֹ עד וְעַ֥ד קָדְקֳדֽוֹ

So went Satan forth from the presence of YHWH, and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot to his crown.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֵּצֵא֙and he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
הַשָּׂטָ֔ןthe satanart + N com m sg abs · שָׂטָן (H7854)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂטָן (H7854) 'the satan'.
מֵאֵ֖תfromprep + prep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'from'.
פְּנֵ֣יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וַיַּ֤ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אִיּוֹב֙JobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
בִּשְׁחִ֣יןwith the boil ofprep + N com m sg abs · שְׁחִין (H7822)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁחִין (H7822) 'with the boil of'.
רָ֔עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
מִכַּ֥ףfrom the sole ofprep + N com f sg constr · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'from the sole of'.
רַגְל֖וֹhis footN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'his foot'.
עדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
וְעַ֥דand toconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'and to'.
קָדְקֳדֽוֹyour crownN c · קָדְקֹד (H6936)Construct chain (genitival)קָדְקֹד (H6936) 'your crown'.
8

וַיִּֽקַּֽח ל֣וֹ חֶ֔רֶשׂ לְהִתְגָּרֵ֖ד בּ֑וֹ וְה֖וּא יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּתוֹךְ הָאֵֽפֶר

And he took him a potsherd to scrape himself withal; and he sat down among the ashes.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיִּֽקַּֽחand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
ל֣וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
חֶ֔רֶשׂearthenwareN c · חֶרֶשׂ (H2789)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶשׂ (H2789) 'earthenware'.
לְהִתְגָּרֵ֖דtoprep + Hithpael inf constr · גָּרַד (H1623)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementגָּרַד (H1623) 'to'.
בּ֑וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וְה֖וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
יֹשֵׁ֥בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
בְּתוֹךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
הָאֵֽפֶרthe ashes ofart + N com m sg abs · אֵפֶר (H665)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵפֶר (H665) 'the ashes of'.
9

וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ עֹדְךָ֖ מַחֲזִ֣יק בְּתֻמָּתֶ֑ךָ בָּרֵ֥ךְ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֻֽת

Then said his wife to him, Dost you still retain your integrity? curse God, and die.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַתֹּ֤אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and she said'.
לוֹ֙to himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
אִשְׁתּ֔וֹhis wifeN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'his wife'.
עֹדְךָ֖againart + sfx 2ms · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
מַחֲזִ֣יקholding fastHiphil ptc ms · חָזַק (H2388)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָזַק (H2388) 'holding fast'.
בְּתֻמָּתֶ֑ךָinprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · תֻּמָּה (H8538)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֻּמָּה (H8538) 'in'.
בָּרֵ֥ךְhe blessedPiel impv 2ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'he blessed'.
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
וָמֻֽתand he diesconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמוּת (H4191) 'and he dies'.
10

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֗יהָ כְּדַבֵּ֞ר אַחַ֤ת הַנְּבָלוֹת֙ תְּדַבֵּ֔רִי גַּ֣ם אֶת הַטּ֗וֹב נְקַבֵּל֙ מֵאֵ֣ת הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאֶת הָרָ֖ע לֹ֣א נְקַבֵּ֑ל בְּכָל זֹ֛את לֹא חָטָ֥א אִיּ֖וֹב בִּשְׂפָתָֽיו

But he said to her, You speakest as one of the foolish women speaketh. What? shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? In all this did not Job sin with his lips.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֵלֶ֗יהָto herprep + sfx 3fs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to her'.
כְּדַבֵּ֞רas...spokeprep + Piel inf constr · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'as...spoke'.
אַחַ֤תoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
הַנְּבָלוֹת֙foolishart + Adj · נָבָל (H5036)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5036) 'foolish'.
תְּדַבֵּ֔רִיand he spokePiel impf 2fs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he spoke'.
גַּ֣םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַטּ֗וֹבthe goodart + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'the good'.
נְקַבֵּל֙correspondingPiel impf 1cp · קָבַל (H6901)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָבַל (H6901) 'corresponding'.
מֵאֵ֣תfromprep + prep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'from'.
הָאֱלֹהִ֔יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הָרָ֖עthe evilart + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נְקַבֵּ֑לcorrespondingPiel impf 1cp · קָבַל (H6901)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָבַל (H6901) 'corresponding'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
זֹ֛אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
חָטָ֥אhe committedQal perf 3ms · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָטָא (H2398) 'he committed'.
אִיּ֖וֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
בִּשְׂפָתָֽיוthe edge ofprep + N com f du constr + sfx 3ms · שָׂפָה (H8193)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
11

וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֣י אִיּ֗וֹב אֵ֣ת כָּל הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֮ הַבָּ֣אָה עָלָיו֒ וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִמְּקֹמ֔וֹ אֱלִיפַ֤ז הַתֵּימָנִי֙ וּבִלְדַּ֣ד הַשּׁוּחִ֔י וְצוֹפַ֖ר הַנַּֽעֲמָתִ֑י וַיִּוָּעֲד֣וּ יַחְדָּ֔ו לָב֥וֹא לָנֽוּד ל֖וֹ וּֽלְנַחֲמֽוֹ

Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come upon him, they came every one from his own place; Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite: for they had made an appointment together to come to mourn with him and to comfort him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּand they heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and they heard'.
שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
רֵעֵ֣יmy friendsN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'my friends'.
אִיּ֗וֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
אֵ֣ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָרָעָ֣הthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
הַזֹּאת֮thisart + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
הַבָּ֣אָהthat has comeart + Qal perf 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'that has come'.
עָלָיו֒on itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙and they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
מִמְּקֹמ֔וֹfrom his placeprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'from his place'.
אֱלִיפַ֤זEliphazN · אֱלִיפַז (H464)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלִיפַז (H464) 'Eliphaz'.
הַתֵּימָנִי֙the Temaniteart + N gentilic m sg abs · תֵּימָנִי (H8489)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֵּימָנִי (H8489) 'the Temanite'.
וּבִלְדַּ֣דandconj וְ + N proper · בִּלְדַּד (H1085)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּלְדַּד (H1085) 'and'.
הַשּׁוּחִ֔יShuhiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · שׁוּחִי (H7747)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוּחִי (H7747) 'Shuhite'.
וְצוֹפַ֖רandconj וְ + N proper · צוֹפַר (H6691)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוֹפַר (H6691) 'and'.
הַנַּֽעֲמָתִ֑יNaamathiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · נַעֲמָתִי (H5284)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעֲמָתִי (H5284) 'Naamathite'.
וַיִּוָּעֲד֣וּand they assembledconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָעַד (H3259)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָעַד (H3259) 'and they assembled'.
יַחְדָּ֔וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
לָב֥וֹאto enterprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'to enter'.
לָנֽוּדand fugitiveprep + Qal inf constr · נָד (H5110)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָד (H5110) 'and fugitive'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וּֽלְנַחֲמֽוֹand was comfortedconj וְ + prep + Piel inf constr + sfx 3ms · נָחַם (H5162)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָחַם (H5162) 'and was comforted'.
12

וַיִּשְׂא֨וּ אֶת עֵינֵיהֶ֤ם מֵרָחוֹק֙ וְלֹ֣א הִכִּירֻ֔הוּ וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּ֑וּ וַֽיִּקְרְעוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מְעִל֔וֹ וַיִּזְרְק֥וּ עָפָ֛ר עַל רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָה

And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they lifted up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיִּשְׂא֨וּand they lifted upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and they lifted up'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עֵינֵיהֶ֤םtheir eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'their eyes'.
מֵרָחוֹק֙from far awayprep + Adj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'from far away'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
הִכִּירֻ֔הוּrecognize himHiphil perf 3cp + sfx 3ms · נָכַר (H5234)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָכַר (H5234) 'recognize him'.
וַיִּשְׂא֥וּand they lifted upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and they lifted up'.
קוֹלָ֖םtheir voiceN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'their voice'.
וַיִּבְכּ֑וּand they weptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּכָה (H1058) 'and they wept'.
וַֽיִּקְרְעוּ֙and they toreconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קָרַע (H7167)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרַע (H7167) 'and they tore'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
מְעִל֔וֹhis robeN c · מְעִיל (H4598)Construct chain (genitival)מְעִיל (H4598) 'his robe'.
וַיִּזְרְק֥וּand they shall dashconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · זָרַק (H2236)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceזָרַק (H2236) 'and they shall dash'.
עָפָ֛רdustN c · עָפָר (H6083)Construct chain (genitival)עָפָר (H6083) 'dust'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רָאשֵׁיהֶ֖םtheir topsN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'their tops'.
הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָהto the heavensart + N com m pl abs + Sd · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'to the heavens'.
13

וַיֵּשְׁב֤וּ אִתּוֹ֙ לָאָ֔רֶץ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים וְשִׁבְעַ֣ת לֵיל֑וֹת וְאֵין דֹּבֵ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ דָּבָ֔ר כִּ֣י רָא֔וּ כִּֽי גָדַ֥ל הַכְּאֵ֖ב מְאֹֽד

So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spake a word to him: for they saw that grief was very great.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and settled'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֵּשְׁב֤וּand settledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and settled'.
אִתּוֹ֙with himprep + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with him'.
לָאָ֔רֶץfor the landprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'for the land'.
שִׁבְעַ֥תsevenAdj · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'.
יָמִ֖יםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
וְשִׁבְעַ֣תand sevenconj וְ + Adj c · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'and seven'.
לֵיל֑וֹתthe nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'the night'.
וְאֵיןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
דֹּבֵ֤רspeakQal ptc ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
אֵלָיו֙to himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
דָּבָ֔רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
רָא֔וּsawQal perf 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'saw'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גָדַ֥לhe had grown greatQal perf 3ms · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַל (H1431) 'he had grown great'.
הַכְּאֵ֖בandart + N com m sg abs · כְּאֵב (H3511)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּאֵב (H3511) 'and'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.