Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Job, Chapter 16איוב 16

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Job 16 (22 verses in the MT) opens: Then Job answered and said, The middle of the chapter continues: I was at ease, but he has broken me asunder: he has also taken by my neck, and shaken me to pieces, and set me up for his mark. It closes: When a few years are come, then I shall go the way I shall not return.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Job 16 comprises 22 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — Then Job answered and said. Then Job answered and said, I have heard many such things: miserable comforters you all. Shall vain words have an end? or what emboldeneth you that you answerest? I also could speak as you : if your soul were in my soul's stead, I could heap up words against you, and shake mine head at you. I would strengthen you with my mouth, and the moving of my lips. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — Though I speak, my grief is not asswaged: and I forbear, what am I eased. Though I speak, my grief is not asswaged: and I forbear, what am I eased? But now he has made me weary: you have made desolate all my company. And you have filled me with wrinkles, is a witness : and my leanness rising up in me beareth witness to my face. He teareth in his wrath, who hateth me: he gnasheth upon me with his teeth; mine enemy sharpeneth his. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — God has delivered me to the ungodly, and turned me over into the hands o. God has delivered me to the ungodly, and turned me over into the hands of the wicked. I was at ease, but he has broken me asunder: he has also taken by my neck, and shaken me to pieces, and set me up for his mark. His archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder, and does not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground. He breaketh me with. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — My face is foul with weeping, and on my eyelids the shadow of death;. My face is foul with weeping, and on my eyelids the shadow of death; Not for injustice in mine hands: also my prayer pure. O earth, cover not you my blood, and let my cry have no place. Also now, behold, my witness in heaven, and my record on high. My friends scorn me: mine eye poureth out to God. Movement V (vv. 21-22) — O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man for his neighbour!. O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man for his neighbour! When a few years are come, then I shall go the way I shall not return. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר

Then Job answered and said,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
וַיַּ֥עַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
אִיּ֗וֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
וַיֹּאמַֽרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
2

שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי כְאֵ֣לֶּה רַבּ֑וֹת מְנַחֲמֵ֖י עָמָ֣ל כֻּלְּכֶֽם

I have heard many such things: miserable comforters you all.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שָׁמַ֣עְתִּיI have heardQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'I have heard'.
כְאֵ֣לֶּהlike theseprep + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'like these'.
רַבּ֑וֹתmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
מְנַחֲמֵ֖יand was comfortedPiel ptc mp · נָחַם (H5162)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָחַם (H5162) 'and was comforted'.
עָמָ֣לtroubleN c · עָמָל (H5999)Construct chain (genitival)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
כֻּלְּכֶֽםall of youN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of you'.
3

הֲקֵ֥ץ לְדִבְרֵי ר֑וּחַ א֥וֹ מַה יַּ֝מְרִֽיצְךָ֗ כִּ֣י תַעֲנֶֽה

Shall vain words have an end? or what emboldeneth you that you answerest?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'embolden'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֲקֵ֥ץat the end ofinterrog. + N com m sg abs · קֵץ (H7093)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֵץ (H7093) 'at the end of'.
לְדִבְרֵיthe matter ofprep + N com m pl constr · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
ר֑וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
א֥וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
יַּ֝מְרִֽיצְךָ֗emboldenHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · מָרַץ (H4834)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָרַץ (H4834) 'embolden'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תַעֲנֶֽהyou shall testifyQal impf 2ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנָה (H6030) 'you shall testify'.
4

גַּ֤ם אָנֹכִי֮ כָּכֶ֪ם אֲדַ֫בֵּ֥רָה ל֤וּ יֵ֪שׁ נַפְשְׁכֶ֡ם תַּ֤חַת נַפְשִׁ֗י אַחְבִּ֣ירָה עֲלֵיכֶ֣ם בְּמִלִּ֑ים וְאָנִ֥יעָה עֲ֝לֵיכֶ֗ם בְּמ֣וֹ רֹאשִֽׁי

I also could speak as you : if your soul were in my soul's stead, I could heap up words against you, and shake mine head at you.

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'and he spoke'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
גַּ֤םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אָנֹכִי֮Ipron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
כָּכֶ֪םas to youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'as to you'.
אֲדַ֫בֵּ֥רָהand he spokePiel cohortative 1cs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he spoke'.
ל֤וּif onlyconj וְ · לוּ (H3863)Particle or relational elementלוּ (H3863) 'if only'.
יֵ֪שׁthere isadv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'there is'.
נַפְשְׁכֶ֡םyour soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
תַּ֤חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
נַפְשִׁ֗יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
אַחְבִּ֣ירָהand you shall joinHiphil cohortative 1cs · חָבַר (H2266)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalחָבַר (H2266) 'and you shall join'.
עֲלֵיכֶ֣םagainst youprep + sfx 2mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against you'.
בְּמִלִּ֑יםwith wordsprep + N com f pl abs · מִלָּה (H4405)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלָּה (H4405) 'with words'.
וְאָנִ֥יעָהwanderingconj וְ + Hiphil cohortative 1cs · נוּעַ (H5128)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalנוּעַ (H5128) 'wandering'.
עֲ֝לֵיכֶ֗םagainst youprep + sfx 2mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against you'.
בְּמ֣וֹwithprep · בְּמוֹ (H1119)Particle or relational elementבְּמוֹ (H1119) 'with'.
רֹאשִֽׁיthe heads ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the heads of'.
5

אֲאַמִּצְכֶ֥ם בְּמוֹ פִ֑י וְנִ֖יד שְׂפָתַ֣י יַחְשֹֽׂךְ

I would strengthen you with my mouth, and the moving of my lips should asswage .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and be courageous'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֲאַמִּצְכֶ֥םand be courageousPiel impf 1cs + sfx 2mp · אָמַץ (H553)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַץ (H553) 'and be courageous'.
בְּמוֹwithprep · בְּמוֹ (H1119)Particle or relational elementבְּמוֹ (H1119) 'with'.
פִ֑יthe mouth ofN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'the mouth of'.
וְנִ֖ידandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · נִיד (H5205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִיד (H5205) 'and'.
שְׂפָתַ֣יthe edge ofN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
יַחְשֹֽׂךְwithheldQal impf 3ms · חָשַׂךְ (H2820)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָשַׂךְ (H2820) 'withheld'.
6

אִֽם אֲ֭דַבְּרָה לֹא יֵחָשֵׂ֣ךְ כְּאֵבִ֑י וְ֝אַחְדְּלָ֗ה מַה מִנִּ֥י יַהֲלֹֽךְ

Though I speak, my grief is not asswaged: and I forbear, what am I eased?

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitionalʼim
Conditional ʼim. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'and he spoke'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אִֽםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֲ֭דַבְּרָהand he spokePiel cohortative 1cs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he spoke'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יֵחָשֵׂ֣ךְwithheldN · חָשַׂךְ (H2820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָשַׂךְ (H2820) 'withheld'.
כְּאֵבִ֑יandN c · כְּאֵב (H3511)Construct chain (genitival)כְּאֵב (H3511) 'and'.
וְ֝אַחְדְּלָ֗הwill ceaseconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalחָדַל (H2308) 'will cease'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
מִנִּ֥יfromprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
יַהֲלֹֽךְwentQal impf 3ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
7

אַךְ עַתָּ֥ה הֶלְאָ֑נִי הֲ֝שִׁמּ֗וֹתָ כָּל עֲדָתִֽי

But now he has made me weary: you have made desolate all my company.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they will be unable'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אַךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
עַתָּ֥הnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
הֶלְאָ֑נִיand they will be unableHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · לָאָה (H3811)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָאָה (H3811) 'and they will be unable'.
הֲ֝שִׁמּ֗וֹתָand I will desolateHiphil perf 2ms · שָׁמֵם (H8074)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמֵם (H8074) 'and I will desolate'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עֲדָתִֽיthe congregationN c · עֵדָה (H5712)Construct chain (genitival)עֵדָה (H5712) 'the congregation'.
8

וַֽ֭תִּקְמְטֵנִי לְעֵ֣ד הָיָ֑ה וַיָּ֥קָם בִּ֥י כַ֝חֲשִׁ֗י בְּפָנַ֥י יַעֲנֶֽה

And you have filled me with wrinkles, is a witness : and my leanness rising up in me beareth witness to my face.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַֽ֭תִּקְמְטֵנִיandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms + sfx 1cs · קָמַט (H7059)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָמַט (H7059) 'and'.
לְעֵ֣דas a witnessprep + N com m sg abs · עֵד (H5707)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵד (H5707) 'as a witness'.
הָיָ֑הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
וַיָּ֥קָםand he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
בִּ֥יagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
כַ֝חֲשִׁ֗יleannessN c · כַּחַשׁ (H3585)Construct chain (genitival)כַּחַשׁ (H3585) 'leanness'.
בְּפָנַ֥יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 1cs · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
יַעֲנֶֽהwill answerQal impf 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנָה (H6030) 'will answer'.
9

אַפּ֤וֹ טָרַ֨ף וַֽיִּשְׂטְמֵ֗נִי חָרַ֣ק עָלַ֣י בְּשִׁנָּ֑יו צָרִ֓י יִלְט֖וֹשׁ עֵינָ֣יו לִֽי

He teareth in his wrath, who hateth me: he gnasheth upon me with his teeth; mine enemy sharpeneth his eyes upon me.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'indeed torn/mauled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אַפּ֤וֹhis angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'his anger'.
טָרַ֨ףindeed torn/mauledQal perf 3ms · טָרַף (H2963)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actטָרַף (H2963) 'indeed torn/mauled'.
וַֽיִּשְׂטְמֵ֗נִיand he hatedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 1cs · שָׂטַם (H7852)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׂטַם (H7852) 'and he hated'.
חָרַ֣קgnashQal perf 3ms · חָרַק (H2786)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרַק (H2786) 'gnash'.
עָלַ֣יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
בְּשִׁנָּ֑יוtoothprep + N com c du constr + sfx 3ms · שֵׁן (H8127)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁן (H8127) 'tooth'.
צָרִ֓יnarrowN c · צַר (H6862)Construct chain (genitival)צַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
יִלְט֖וֹשׁforger ofQal impf 3ms · לָטַשׁ (H3913)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָטַשׁ (H3913) 'forger of'.
עֵינָ֣יוhis eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'his eyes'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
10

פָּעֲר֬וּ עָלַ֨י בְּפִיהֶ֗ם בְּ֭חֶרְפָּה הִכּ֣וּ לְחָיָ֑י יַ֝֗חַד עָלַ֥י יִתְמַלָּאֽוּן

They have gaped upon me with their mouth; they have smitten me upon the cheek reproachfully; they have gathered themselves together against me.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
פָּעֲר֬וּandQal perf 3cp · פָּעַר (H6473)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּעַר (H6473) 'and'.
עָלַ֨יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
בְּפִיהֶ֗םin their mouthsprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'in their mouths'.
בְּ֭חֶרְפָּהa reproachprep + N com f sg abs · חֶרְפָּה (H2781)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרְפָּה (H2781) 'a reproach'.
הִכּ֣וּthey struckHiphil perf 3cp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהִכָּה (H5221) 'they struck'.
לְחָיָ֑יand the two cheeksN c · לְחִי (H3895)Construct chain (genitival)לְחִי (H3895) 'and the two cheeks'.
יַ֝֗חַדtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
עָלַ֥יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
יִתְמַלָּאֽוּןhe wholly followedHithpael impf 3mp + Sn · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָלֵא (H4390) 'he wholly followed'.
11

יַסְגִּירֵ֣נִי אֵ֭ל אֶ֣ל עֲוִ֑יל וְעַל יְדֵ֖י רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִרְטֵֽנִי

God has delivered me to the ungodly, and turned me over into the hands of the wicked.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'has shut'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יַסְגִּירֵ֣נִיhas shutHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · סָגַר (H5462)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָגַר (H5462) 'has shut'.
אֵ֭לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
אֶ֣לtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עֲוִ֑ילungodlyN c · עֲוִיל (H5760)Construct chain (genitival)עֲוִיל (H5760) 'ungodly'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
יְדֵ֖יmy handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
רְשָׁעִ֣יםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
יִרְטֵֽנִיis recklessQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · יָרַט (H3399)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַט (H3399) 'is reckless'.
12

שָׁ֘לֵ֤ו הָיִ֨יתִי וַֽיְפַרְפְּרֵ֗נִי וְאָחַ֣ז בְּ֭עָרְפִּי וַֽיְפַצְפְּצֵ֑נִי וַיְקִימֵ֥נִי ל֝֗וֹ לְמַטָּרָֽה

I was at ease, but he has broken me asunder: he has also taken by my neck, and shaken me to pieces, and set me up for his mark.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have been'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
שָׁ֘לֵ֤ו(being) at easeAdj · שָׁלֵו (H7961)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלֵו (H7961) '(being) at ease'.
הָיִ֨יתִיI have beenQal perf 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'I have been'.
וַֽיְפַרְפְּרֵ֗נִיhe has brokenconj וְ + l wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 1cs · פָּרַר (H6565)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּרַר (H6565) 'he has broken'.
וְאָחַ֣זand grasp!conj וְ + Qal q 3ms · אָחַז (H270)Particle or relational elementאָחַז (H270) 'and grasp!'.
בְּ֭עָרְפִּיneckprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · עֹרֶף (H6203)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹרֶף (H6203) 'neck'.
וַֽיְפַצְפְּצֵ֑נִיand let be scatteredconj וְ + l wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 1cs · פוּץ (H6327)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפוּץ (H6327) 'and let be scattered'.
וַיְקִימֵ֥נִיand he aroseconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 1cs · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
ל֝֗וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
לְמַטָּרָֽהtoprep + N com f sg abs · מַטָּרָא (H4307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַטָּרָא (H4307) 'to'.
13

יָ֘סֹ֤בּוּ עָלַ֨י רַבָּ֗יו יְפַלַּ֣ח כִּ֭לְיוֹתַי וְלֹ֣א יַחְמ֑וֹל יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ לָ֝אָ֗רֶץ מְרֵרָֽתִי

His archers compass me round about, he cleaveth my reins asunder, and does not spare; he poureth out my gall upon the ground.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they marched around'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
יָ֘סֹ֤בּוּand they marched aroundQal impf 3mp · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָבַב (H5437) 'and they marched around'.
עָלַ֨יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
רַבָּ֗יוarcherN c · רַב (H7228)Construct chain (genitival)רַב (H7228) 'archer'.
יְפַלַּ֣חandPiel impf 3ms · פָּלַח (H6398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּלַח (H6398) 'and'.
כִּ֭לְיוֹתַיthe kidneysN c · כִּלְיָה (H3629)Construct chain (genitival)כִּלְיָה (H3629) 'the kidneys'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יַחְמ֑וֹלyou shall spareQal impf 3ms · חָמַל (H2550)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָמַל (H2550) 'you shall spare'.
יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְhe shall pour outQal impf 3ms · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
לָ֝אָ֗רֶץfor the landprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'for the land'.
מְרֵרָֽתִיgallN c · מְרֵרָה (H4845)Construct chain (genitival)מְרֵרָה (H4845) 'gall'.
14

יִפְרְצֵ֣נִי פֶ֭רֶץ עַל פְּנֵי פָ֑רֶץ יָרֻ֖ץ עָלַ֣י כְּגִבּֽוֹר

He breaketh me with breach upon breach, he runneth upon me like a giant.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he break out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יִפְרְצֵ֣נִיhe break outQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · פָּרַץ (H6555)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּרַץ (H6555) 'he break out'.
פֶ֭רֶץa breachN c · פֶּרֶץ (H6556)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּרֶץ (H6556) 'a breach'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פְּנֵיthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
פָ֑רֶץa breachN c · פֶּרֶץ (H6556)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּרֶץ (H6556) 'a breach'.
יָרֻ֖ץand he ranQal impf 3ms · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
עָלַ֣יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
כְּגִבּֽוֹרmightyprep + Adj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
15

שַׂ֣ק תָּ֭פַרְתִּי עֲלֵ֣י גִלְדִּ֑י וְעֹלַ֖לְתִּי בֶעָפָ֣ר קַרְנִֽי

I have sewed sackcloth upon my skin, and defiled my horn in the dust.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they sewed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שַׂ֣קsackclothN c · שַׂק (H8242)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂק (H8242) 'sackcloth'.
תָּ֭פַרְתִּיand they sewedQal perf 1cs · תָּפַר (H8609)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actתָּפַר (H8609) 'and they sewed'.
עֲלֵ֣יagainst meprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
גִלְדִּ֑יskinN c · גֶּלֶד (H1539)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּלֶד (H1539) 'skin'.
וְעֹלַ֖לְתִּיyou shall glean it a second timeconj וְ + Poel perf 1cs · עָלַל (H5953)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלַל (H5953) 'you shall glean it a second time'.
בֶעָפָ֣רwith earthprep + art + N com m sg abs · עָפָר (H6083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָפָר (H6083) 'with earth'.
קַרְנִֽיits hornsN c · קֶרֶן (H7161)Construct chain (genitival)קֶרֶן (H7161) 'its horns'.
16

פָּנַ֣י חמרמרה חֳ֭מַרְמְרוּ מִנִּי בֶ֑כִי וְעַ֖ל עַפְעַפַּ֣י צַלְמָֽוֶת

My face is foul with weeping, and on my eyelids the shadow of death;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and she coated it'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
פָּנַ֣יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
חמרמרהand she coated itj perf 3fp · חָמַר (H2560)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָמַר (H2560) 'and she coated it'.
חֳ֭מַרְמְרוּand she coated itj perf 3cp · חָמַר (H2560)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָמַר (H2560) 'and she coated it'.
מִנִּיfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
בֶ֑כִיweepingN c · בְּכִי (H1065)Construct chain (genitival)בְּכִי (H1065) 'weeping'.
וְעַ֖לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
עַפְעַפַּ֣יandN c · עַפְעַף (H6079)Construct chain (genitival)עַפְעַף (H6079) 'and'.
צַלְמָֽוֶתshadow of deathN c · צַלְמָוֶת (H6757)Construct chain (genitival)צַלְמָוֶת (H6757) 'shadow of death'.
17

עַ֭ל לֹא חָמָ֣ס בְּכַפָּ֑י וּֽתְפִלָּתִ֥י זַכָּֽה

Not for injustice in mine hands: also my prayer pure.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עַ֭לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
חָמָ֣סviolenceN c · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
בְּכַפָּ֑יa pan ofprep + N com f du constr + sfx 1cs · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
וּֽתְפִלָּתִ֥יprayerconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · תְּפִלָּה (H8605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּפִלָּה (H8605) 'prayer'.
זַכָּֽהpureAdj · זָךְ (H2134)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָךְ (H2134) 'pure'.
18

אֶ֭רֶץ אַל תְּכַסִּ֣י דָמִ֑י וְֽאַל יְהִ֥י מָ֝ק֗וֹם לְזַעֲקָתִֽי

O earth, cover not you my blood, and let my cry have no place.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'that covers'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֶ֭רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּכַסִּ֣יthat coversPiel jussive 2fs · כָּסָה (H3680)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalכָּסָה (H3680) 'that covers'.
דָמִ֑יblood ofN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood of'.
וְֽאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
יְהִ֥יlet there beQal jussive 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'let there be'.
מָ֝ק֗וֹםa placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'a place'.
לְזַעֲקָתִֽיoutcry ofprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · זַעֲקָה (H2201)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זַעֲקָה (H2201) 'outcry of'.
19

גַּם עַ֭תָּה הִנֵּה בַשָּׁמַ֣יִם עֵדִ֑י וְ֝שָׂהֲדִ֗י בַּמְּרוֹמִֽים

Also now, behold, my witness in heaven, and my record on high.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
עַ֭תָּהnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
הִנֵּהbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
בַשָּׁמַ֣יִםin the heavensprep + art + N com m du abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'in the heavens'.
עֵדִ֑יa witnessN c · עֵד (H5707)Construct chain (genitival)עֵד (H5707) 'a witness'.
וְ֝שָׂהֲדִ֗יandconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · שָׂהֵד (H7717)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂהֵד (H7717) 'and'.
בַּמְּרוֹמִֽיםthe heights ofprep + art + N com m pl abs · מָרוֹם (H4791)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
20

מְלִיצַ֥י רֵעָ֑י אֶל אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַ דָּלְפָ֥ה עֵינִֽי

My friends scorn me: mine eye poureth out to God.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the interpreter'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מְלִיצַ֥יthe interpreterHiphil ptc mp + sfx 1cs · לוּץ (H3887)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלוּץ (H3887) 'the interpreter'.
רֵעָ֑יmy friendsN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'my friends'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַGodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
דָּלְפָ֥הdrop throughQal perf 3fs · דָּלַף (H1811)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּלַף (H1811) 'drop through'.
עֵינִֽיthe eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
21

וְיוֹכַ֣ח לְגֶ֣בֶר עִם אֱל֑וֹהַּ וּֽבֶן אָדָ֥ם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ

O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man for his neighbour!

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he rebuked'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְיוֹכַ֣חand he rebukedconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms · יָכַח (H3198)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכַח (H3198) 'and he rebuked'.
לְגֶ֣בֶרa manprep + N com m sg abs · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אֱל֑וֹהַּGodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
וּֽבֶןand the son ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'and the son of'.
אָדָ֥םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
לְרֵעֵֽהוּhis neighborprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · רֵעַ (H7453)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
22

כִּֽי שְׁנ֣וֹת מִסְפָּ֣ר יֶאֱתָ֑יוּ וְאֹ֖רַח לֹא אָשׁ֣וּב אֶהֱלֹֽךְ

When a few years are come, then I shall go the way I shall not return.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he came'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שְׁנ֣וֹתthe years ofN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'the years of'.
מִסְפָּ֣רthe number ofN c · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Construct chain (genitival)מִסְפָּר (H4557) 'the number of'.
יֶאֱתָ֑יוּand he cameQal impf 3mp · אָתָה (H857)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָתָה (H857) 'and he came'.
וְאֹ֖רַחthe way ofconj וְ + N com c sg abs · אֹרַח (H734)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹרַח (H734) 'the way of'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אָשׁ֣וּבI will returnQal impf 1cs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'I will return'.
אֶהֱלֹֽךְwentQal impf 1cs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.