1
וַיַּ֥עַן אִיּ֗וֹב וַיֹּאמַֽר
But Job answered and said,
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
וַיַּ֥עַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
אִיּ֗וֹבJobN · אִיּוֹב (H347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיּוֹב (H347) 'Job'.
וַיֹּאמַֽרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
2
מֶה עָזַ֥רְתָּ לְלֹא כֹ֑חַ ה֝וֹשַׁ֗עְתָּ זְר֣וֹעַ לֹא עֹֽז
How have you helped without power? savest you the arm no strength?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and help you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מֶהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
עָזַ֥רְתָּand help youQal perf 2ms · עָזַר (H5826)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
לְלֹאnotprep + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
כֹ֑חַpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
ה֝וֹשַׁ֗עְתָּone to saveHiphil perf 2ms · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
זְר֣וֹעַthe armN c · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Construct chain (genitival)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'the arm'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
עֹֽזstrengthN c · עֹז (H5797)Construct chain (genitival)עֹז (H5797) 'strength'.
3
מַה יָּ֭עַצְתָּ לְלֹ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝תוּשִׁיָּ֗ה לָרֹ֥ב הוֹדָֽעְתָּ
How have you counselled no wisdom? and have you plentifully declared the thing as it is?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'let me advise you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
יָּ֭עַצְתָּlet me advise youQal perf 2ms · יָעַץ (H3289)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
לְלֹ֣אnotprep + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
חָכְמָ֑הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וְ֝תוּשִׁיָּ֗הenterpriseconj וְ + N com f sg abs · תּוּשִׁיָּה (H8454)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוּשִׁיָּה (H8454) 'enterprise'.
לָרֹ֥בfor multitudeprep + N com c sg abs · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'for multitude'.
הוֹדָֽעְתָּI knowHiphil perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
4
אֶת מִ֭י הִגַּ֣דְתָּ מִלִּ֑ין וְנִשְׁמַת מִ֝י יָצְאָ֥ה מִמֶּֽךָּ
To whom have you uttered words? and whose spirit came from you?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'did you tell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
מִ֭יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
הִגַּ֣דְתָּdid you tellHiphil perf 2ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) 'did you tell'.
מִלִּ֑יןwith wordsN c · מִלָּה (H4405)Construct chain (genitival)מִלָּה (H4405) 'with words'.
וְנִשְׁמַתbreathing thingconj וְ + N com f sg constr · נְשָׁמָה (H5397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְשָׁמָה (H5397) 'breathing thing'.
מִ֝יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יָצְאָ֥הcame outQal perf 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'came out'.
מִמֶּֽךָּfrom youprep + sfx 2ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from you'.
5
הָרְפָאִ֥ים יְחוֹלָ֑לוּ מִתַּ֥חַת מַ֝֗יִם וְשֹׁכְנֵיהֶֽם
Dead are formed from under the waters, and the inhabitants thereof.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and be in anguish'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
הָרְפָאִ֥יםdeadart + N com m pl abs · רָפָא (H7496)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָפָא (H7496) 'dead'.
יְחוֹלָ֑לוּand be in anguishPolal impf 3mp · חוּל (H2342)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחוּל (H2342) 'and be in anguish'.
מִתַּ֥חַתfrom underprep + prep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'from under'.
מַ֝֗יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
וְשֹׁכְנֵיהֶֽםto make dwellconj וְ + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3mp · שָׁכַן (H7931)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to make dwell'.
6
עָר֣וֹם שְׁא֣וֹל נֶגְדּ֑וֹ וְאֵ֥ין כְּ֝ס֗וּת לָֽאֲבַדּֽוֹן
Hell naked before him, and destruction has no covering.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עָר֣וֹםnakedAdj · עָרֹם (H6174)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָרֹם (H6174) 'naked'.
שְׁא֣וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
נֶגְדּ֑וֹstraight before himprep + sfx 3ms · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'straight before him'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
כְּ֝ס֗וּתa covering ofN c · כְּסוּת (H3682)Construct chain (genitival)כְּסוּת (H3682) 'a covering of'.
לָֽאֲבַדּֽוֹןtoprep + art + N proper · אֲבַדּוֹן (H11)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבַדּוֹן (H11) 'to'.
7
נֹטֶ֣ה צָפ֣וֹן עַל תֹּ֑הוּ תֹּ֥לֶה אֶ֝֗רֶץ עַל בְּלִי מָֽה
He stretcheth out the north over the empty place, hangeth the earth upon nothing.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'stretch out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
נֹטֶ֣הstretch outQal ptc ms · נָטָה (H5186)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
צָפ֣וֹןnorthN c · צָפוֹן (H6828)Construct chain (genitival)צָפוֹן (H6828) 'north'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
תֹּ֑הוּwasteN c · תֹּהוּ (H8414)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּהוּ (H8414) 'waste'.
תֹּ֥לֶהhe hangedQal ptc ms · תָּלָה (H8518)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתָּלָה (H8518) 'he hanged'.
אֶ֝֗רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בְּלִיnotneg. · בְּלִימָה (H1099)Particle or relational elementבְּלִימָה (H1099) 'not'.
מָֽהnothinginterrog. · בְּלִימָה (H1099)Particle or relational elementבְּלִימָה (H1099) 'nothing'.
8
צֹרֵֽר מַ֥יִם בְּעָבָ֑יו וְלֹא נִבְקַ֖ע עָנָ֣ן תַּחְתָּֽם
He bindeth up the waters in his thick clouds; and the cloud is not rent under them.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and it will besiege'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
צֹרֵֽרand it will besiegeQal ptc ms · צָרַר (H6887)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַר (H6887) 'and it will besiege'.
מַ֥יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
בְּעָבָ֑יוin the thickness ofprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · עָב (H5645)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָב (H5645) 'in the thickness of'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נִבְקַ֖עand were dividedN · בָּקַע (H1234)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּקַע (H1234) 'and were divided'.
עָנָ֣ןcloudN c · עָנָן (H6051)Construct chain (genitival)עָנָן (H6051) 'cloud'.
תַּחְתָּֽםin their placeprep + sfx 3mp · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'in their place'.
9
מְאַחֵ֥ז פְּנֵי כִסֵּ֑ה פַּרְשֵׁ֖ז עָלָ֣יו עֲנָנֽוֹ
He holdeth back the face of his throne, spreadeth his cloud upon it.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and they took hold'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מְאַחֵ֥זand they took holdPiel ptc ms · אָחַז (H270)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָחַז (H270) 'and they took hold'.
פְּנֵיthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
כִסֵּ֑הthe throne ofN c · כִּסֵּא (H3678)Construct chain (genitival)כִּסֵּא (H3678) 'the throne of'.
פַּרְשֵׁ֖זspreadi inf abs · פַּרְשֵׁז (H6576)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionפַּרְשֵׁז (H6576) 'spread'.
עָלָ֣יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
עֲנָנֽוֹthe cloudN c · עָנָן (H6051)Construct chain (genitival)עָנָן (H6051) 'the cloud'.
10
חֹֽק חָ֭ג עַל פְּנֵי מָ֑יִם עַד תַּכְלִ֖ית א֣וֹר עִם חֹֽשֶׁךְ
He has compassed the waters with bounds, until the day and night come to an end.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'compass'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
חֹֽקa due ofN c · חֹק (H2706)Construct chain (genitival)חֹק (H2706) 'a due of'.
חָ֭גcompassQal perf 3ms · חוּג (H2328)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחוּג (H2328) 'compass'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פְּנֵיthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
מָ֑יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
תַּכְלִ֖יתendN c · תַּכְלִית (H8503)Construct chain (genitival)תַּכְלִית (H8503) 'end'.
א֣וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
חֹֽשֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
11
עַמּוּדֵ֣י שָׁמַ֣יִם יְרוֹפָ֑פוּ וְ֝יִתְמְה֗וּ מִגַּעֲרָתֽוֹ
The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his reproof.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'tremble'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
עַמּוּדֵ֣יpillars ofN c · עַמּוּד (H5982)Construct chain (genitival)עַמּוּד (H5982) 'pillars of'.
שָׁמַ֣יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
יְרוֹפָ֑פוּtremblePoal impf 3mp · רוּף (H7322)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּף (H7322) 'tremble'.
וְ֝יִתְמְה֗וּand they marveledconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · תָּמַהּ (H8539)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּמַהּ (H8539) 'and they marveled'.
מִגַּעֲרָתֽוֹinprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · גְּעָרָה (H1606)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּעָרָה (H1606) 'in'.
12
בְּ֭כֹחוֹ רָגַ֣ע הַיָּ֑ם ובתובנתו וּ֝בִתְבוּנָת֗וֹ מָ֣חַץ רָֽהַב
He divideth the sea with his power, and by his understanding he smiteth through the proud.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you will find repose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בְּ֭כֹחוֹby his powerprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · כֹּחַ (H3581)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'by his power'.
רָגַ֣עyou will find reposeQal perf 3ms · רָגַע (H7280)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָגַע (H7280) 'you will find repose'.
הַיָּ֑םthe seaart + N com m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָם (H3220) 'the sea'.
ובתובנתוand understandingconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'and understanding'.
וּ֝בִתְבוּנָת֗וֹand understandingconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'and understanding'.
מָ֣חַץsmiteQal perf 3ms · מָחַץ (H4272)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָחַץ (H4272) 'smite'.
רָֽהַבproudN · רַהַב (H7293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַהַב (H7293) 'proud'.
13
בְּ֭רוּחוֹ שָׁמַ֣יִם שִׁפְרָ֑ה חֹֽלֲלָ֥ה יָ֝ד֗וֹ נָחָ֥שׁ בָּרִֽיחַ
By his spirit he has garnished the heavens; his hand has formed the crooked serpent.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'began'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בְּ֭רוּחוֹa spirit ofprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
שָׁמַ֣יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
שִׁפְרָ֑הgarnishN c · שִׁפְרָה (H8235)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁפְרָה (H8235) 'garnish'.
חֹֽלֲלָ֥הbeganPoel perf 3fs · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַל (H2490) 'began'.
יָ֝ד֗וֹhis handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
נָחָ֥שׁserpentN c · נָחָשׁ (H5175)Construct chain (genitival)נָחָשׁ (H5175) 'serpent'.
בָּרִֽיחַcrookedAdj · בָּרִיחַ (H1281)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּרִיחַ (H1281) 'crooked'.
14
הֶן אֵ֤לֶּה קְצ֬וֹת דרכו דְּרָכָ֗יו וּמַה שֵּׁ֣מֶץ דָּ֭בָר נִשְׁמַע בּ֑וֹ וְרַ֥עַם גבורתו גְּ֝בוּרוֹתָ֗יו מִ֣י יִתְבּוֹנָֽן
Lo, these parts of his ways: but how little a portion is heard of him? but the thunder of his power who can understand?
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'was heard'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
הֶןbeholdparticle · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
אֵ֤לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
קְצ֬וֹתthe ends ofN c · קָצֶה (H7098)Construct chain (genitival)קָצֶה (H7098) 'the ends of'.
דרכוhis journeyN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'his journey'.
דְּרָכָ֗יוhis waysN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'his ways'.
וּמַהand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
שֵּׁ֣מֶץa littleN c · שֶׁמֶץ (H8102)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶץ (H8102) 'a little'.
דָּ֭בָרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
נִשְׁמַעwas heardQal impf 1cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'was heard'.
בּ֑וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וְרַ֥עַםinconj וְ + N com m sg constr · רַעַם (H7482)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַעַם (H7482) 'in'.
גבורתוand like your mighty actsN c · גְּבוּרָה (H1369)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּרָה (H1369) 'and like your mighty acts'.
גְּ֝בוּרוֹתָ֗יוand like your mighty actsN c · גְּבוּרָה (H1369)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּרָה (H1369) 'and like your mighty acts'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יִתְבּוֹנָֽןdiscerningHithpolel impf 3ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.