Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Zechariah, Chapter 7זכריה 7

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Zechariah 7 (14 verses in the MT) opens: And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, the word of YHWH came to Zechariah in the fourth of the ninth month, in Chisleu; The middle of the chapter continues: And the word of YHWH came to Zechariah, saying, It closes: But I scattered them with a whirlwind among all the nations whom they knew not. Thus the land was desolate after them, that no man passed through nor returned: for they laid the pleasant land desolate.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Zechariah 7 comprises 14 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, the word of YHWH. And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, the word of YHWH came to Zechariah in the fourth of the ninth month, in Chisleu; When they had sent to the house of God Sherezer and Regemmelech, and their men, to pray before YHWH, to speak to the priests which in the house of YHWH of hosts, and to the prophets, saying, Should I weep in the fifth. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — Speak to all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When yo. Speak to all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When you fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh , even those seventy years, did you at all fast to me, to me? And when you did eat, and when you did drink, did not you eat , and drink ? not the words which YHWH has cried by the former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and in. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — Thus speaketh YHWH of hosts, saying, Execute true judgment, and shew mer. Thus speaketh YHWH of hosts, saying, Execute true judgment, and shew mercy and compassions every man to his brother: And oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart. But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they should. Movement IV (vv. 13-14) — Therefore it is come to pass, as he cried, and they would not hear; so t. Therefore it is come to pass, as he cried, and they would not hear; so they cried, and I would not hear, says YHWH of hosts: But I scattered them with a whirlwind among all the nations whom they knew not. Thus the land was desolate after them, that no man passed through nor returned: for they laid the pleasant land desolate. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַֽיְהִי֙ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע לְדָרְיָ֖וֶשׁ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ הָיָ֨ה דְבַר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל זְכַרְיָ֗ה בְּאַרְבָּעָ֛ה לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁעִ֖י בְּכִסְלֵֽו

And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, the word of YHWH came to Zechariah in the fourth of the ninth month, in Chisleu;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַֽיְהִי֙and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
בִּשְׁנַ֣תin the year ofprep + N com f sg constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'in the year of'.
אַרְבַּ֔עfourAdj · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
לְדָרְיָ֖וֶשׁtoprep + N proper · דָּֽרְיָוֵשׁ (H1867)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּֽרְיָוֵשׁ (H1867) 'to'.
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
הָיָ֨הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
דְבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
זְכַרְיָ֗הZachariahN · זְכַרְיָה (H2148)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְכַרְיָה (H2148) 'Zachariah'.
בְּאַרְבָּעָ֛הfourprep + Adj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
לַחֹ֥דֶשׁof the monthprep + art + N com m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'of the month'.
הַתְּשִׁעִ֖יthe ninthart + Adj · תְּשִׁיעִי (H8671)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּשִׁיעִי (H8671) 'the ninth'.
בְּכִסְלֵֽוinprep + N proper · כִּסְלֵו (H3691)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כִּסְלֵו (H3691) 'in'.
2

וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ בֵּֽית אֵ֔ל שַׂר אֶ֕צֶר וְרֶ֥גֶם מֶ֖לֶךְ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֑יו לְחַלּ֖וֹת אֶת פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה

When they had sent to the house of God Sherezer and Regemmelech, and their men, to pray before YHWH,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיִּשְׁלַח֙and he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
בֵּֽיתBethelN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel'.
אֵ֔ל-elN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) '-el'.
שַׂרandN · שַׁרְאֶצֶר (H8272)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁרְאֶצֶר (H8272) 'and'.
אֶ֕צֶרandN · שַׁרְאֶצֶר (H8272)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁרְאֶצֶר (H8272) 'and'.
וְרֶ֥גֶםandconj וְ + N proper · רֶגֶם מֶלֶךְ (H7278)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶגֶם מֶלֶךְ (H7278) 'and'.
מֶ֖לֶךְRegem-melechN · רֶגֶם מֶלֶךְ (H7278)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶגֶם מֶלֶךְ (H7278) 'Regem-melech'.
וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֑יוa manconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
לְחַלּ֖וֹתinflictedprep + Piel inf constr · חָלָה (H2470)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָלָה (H2470) 'inflicted'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
פְּנֵ֥יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
3

לֵאמֹ֗ר אֶל הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ לְבֵית יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְאֶל הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר הַֽאֶבְכֶּה֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַחֲמִשִׁ֔י הִנָּזֵ֕ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתִי זֶ֖ה כַּמֶּ֥ה שָׁנִֽים

to speak to the priests which in the house of YHWH of hosts, and to the prophets, saying, Should I weep in the fifth month, separating myself, as I have done these so many years?

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'saying'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
לֵאמֹ֗רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙the priestsart + N com m pl abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּהֵן (H3548) 'the priests'.
אֲשֶׁר֙thatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לְבֵיתby the house ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'by the house of'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֔וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
הַנְּבִיאִ֖יםa prophetart + N com m pl abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
הַֽאֶבְכֶּה֙and they weptinterrog. + Qal impf 1cs · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּכָה (H1058) 'and they wept'.
בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁin the monthprep + art + N com m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'in the month'.
הַחֲמִשִׁ֔יthe fifthart + Adj · חֲמִישִׁי (H2549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִישִׁי (H2549) 'the fifth'.
הִנָּזֵ֕רand you shall separateN · נָזַר (H5144)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָזַר (H5144) 'and you shall separate'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
עָשִׂ֔יתִיI have doneQal perf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I have done'.
זֶ֖הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
כַּמֶּ֥הhow manyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'how many'.
שָׁנִֽיםyearsN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'years'.
4

וַיְהִ֛י דְּבַר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר

Then came the word of YHWH of hosts to me, saying,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיְהִ֛יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
דְּבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
אֵלַ֥יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
5

אֱמֹר֙ אֶל כָּל עַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֶל הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר כִּֽי צַמְתֶּ֨ם וְסָפ֜וֹד בַּחֲמִישִׁ֣י וּבַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וְזֶה֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה הֲצ֥וֹם צַמְתֻּ֖נִי אָֽנִי

Speak to all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When you fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh , even those seventy years, did you at all fast to me, to me?

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
אֱמֹר֙he saidQal impv 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עַ֣םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
הַכֹּהֲנִ֖יםthe priestsart + N com m pl abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּהֵן (H3548) 'the priests'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
צַמְתֶּ֨םandQal perf 2mp · צוּם (H6684)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצוּם (H6684) 'and'.
וְסָפ֜וֹדand they lamentedconj וְ + Qal inf abs · סָפַד (H5594)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionסָפַד (H5594) 'and they lamented'.
בַּחֲמִישִׁ֣יthe fifthprep + art + Adj · חֲמִישִׁי (H2549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִישִׁי (H2549) 'the fifth'.
וּבַשְּׁבִיעִ֗יthe seventhconj וְ + prep + art + Adj · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'the seventh'.
וְזֶה֙and thisconj וְ + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'and this'.
שִׁבְעִ֣יםseventyAdj · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy'.
שָׁנָ֔הyearsN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'years'.
הֲצ֥וֹםandinterrog. + Qal inf abs · צוּם (H6684)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionצוּם (H6684) 'and'.
צַמְתֻּ֖נִיandQal perf 2mp + sfx 1cs · צוּם (H6684)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצוּם (H6684) 'and'.
אָֽנִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
6

וְכִ֥י תֹאכְל֖וּ וְכִ֣י תִשְׁתּ֑וּ הֲל֤וֹא אַתֶּם֙ הָאֹ֣כְלִ֔ים וְאַתֶּ֖ם הַשֹּׁתִֽים

And when you did eat, and when you did drink, did not you eat , and drink ?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall eat'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְכִ֥יand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'and if'.
תֹאכְל֖וּyou shall eatQal impf 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
וְכִ֣יand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'and if'.
תִשְׁתּ֑וּto drinkQal impf 2mp · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'.
הֲל֤וֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
אַתֶּם֙youpron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
הָאֹ֣כְלִ֔יםwho were eatingart + Qal ptc mp · אָכַל (H398)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָכַל (H398) 'who were eating'.
וְאַתֶּ֖םand youconj וְ + pron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
הַשֹּׁתִֽיםto drinkart + Qal ptc mp · שָׁתָה (H8354)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'.
7

הֲל֣וֹא אֶת הַדְּבָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ בְּיַד֙ הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֔ים בִּהְי֤וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יֹשֶׁ֣בֶת וּשְׁלֵוָ֔ה וְעָרֶ֖יהָ סְבִיבֹתֶ֑יהָ וְהַנֶּ֥גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה יֹשֵֽׁב

not the words which YHWH has cried by the former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and in prosperity, and the cities thereof round about her, when inhabited the south and the plain?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
הֲל֣וֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַדְּבָרִ֗יםthe wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
קָרָ֤אhe calledQal perf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'he called'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בְּיַד֙by the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
הַנְּבִיאִ֣יםa prophetart + N com m pl abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֔יםthe first (ones)art + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'the first (ones)'.
בִּהְי֤וֹתwhen there wasprep + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'when there was'.
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙JerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
יֹשֶׁ֣בֶתdid you sitQal ptc fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'did you sit'.
וּשְׁלֵוָ֔ה(being) at easeconj וְ + Adj · שָׁלֵו (H7961)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלֵו (H7961) '(being) at ease'.
וְעָרֶ֖יהָthe cityconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 3fs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
סְבִיבֹתֶ֑יהָaround itN c · סָבִיב (H5439)Construct chain (genitival)סָבִיב (H5439) 'around it'.
וְהַנֶּ֥גֶבand the Negevconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · נֶגֶב (H5045)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶגֶב (H5045) 'and the Negev'.
וְהַשְּׁפֵלָ֖הand the lowlandconj וְ + art + N com f sg abs · שְׁפֵלָה (H8219)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁפֵלָה (H8219) 'and the lowland'.
יֹשֵֽׁבdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
8

וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל זְכַרְיָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר

And the word of YHWH came to Zechariah, saying,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַֽיְהִי֙and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
דְּבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
זְכַרְיָ֖הZachariahN · זְכַרְיָה (H2148)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְכַרְיָה (H2148) 'Zachariah'.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
9

כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר מִשְׁפַּ֤ט אֱמֶת֙ שְׁפֹ֔טוּ וְחֶ֣סֶד וְרַֽחֲמִ֔ים עֲשׂ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת אָחִֽיו

Thus speaketh YHWH of hosts, saying, Execute true judgment, and shew mercy and compassions every man to his brother:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כֹּ֥הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֛רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
מִשְׁפַּ֤טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
אֱמֶת֙trueN c · אֱמֶת (H571)Construct chain (genitival)אֱמֶת (H571) 'true'.
שְׁפֹ֔טוּand judgeQal impv 2mp · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
וְחֶ֣סֶדkindnessconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חֶסֶד (H2617)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
וְרַֽחֲמִ֔יםcompassionconj וְ + N com m pl abs · רַחֲמִים (H7356)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַחֲמִים (H7356) 'compassion'.
עֲשׂ֖וּthey didQal impv 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
אָחִֽיוhis brothersN c · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251) 'his brothers'.
10

וְאַלְמָנָ֧ה וְיָת֛וֹם גֵּ֥ר וְעָנִ֖י אַֽל תַּעֲשֹׁ֑קוּ וְרָעַת֙ אִ֣ישׁ אָחִ֔יו אַֽל תַּחְשְׁב֖וּ בִּלְבַבְכֶֽם

And oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart.

Jussive — volitional
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall oppress'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאַלְמָנָ֧הand widowconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'and widow'.
וְיָת֛וֹםor orphanconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יָתוֹם (H3490)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'or orphan'.
גֵּ֥רa sojournerN c · גֵּר (H1616)Construct chain (genitival)גֵּר (H1616) 'a sojourner'.
וְעָנִ֖יpoorconj וְ + Adj · עָנִי (H6041)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנִי (H6041) 'poor'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּעֲשֹׁ֑קוּyou shall oppressQal jussive 2mp · עָשַׁק (H6231)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָשַׁק (H6231) 'you shall oppress'.
וְרָעַת֙the evilconj וְ + N com f sg constr · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אָחִ֔יוhis brothersN c · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251) 'his brothers'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּחְשְׁב֖וּa skilled designerQal jussive 2mp · חָשַׁב (H2803)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalחָשַׁב (H2803) 'a skilled designer'.
בִּלְבַבְכֶֽםyour heartprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2mp · לֵבָב (H3824)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵבָב (H3824) 'your heart'.
11

וַיְמָאֲנ֣וּ לְהַקְשִׁ֔יב וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ כָתֵ֖ף סֹרָ֑רֶת וְאָזְנֵיהֶ֖ם הִכְבִּ֥ידוּ מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַ

But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they should not hear.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'he refuses'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיְמָאֲנ֣וּhe refusesconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · מָאֵן (H3985)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָאֵן (H3985) 'he refuses'.
לְהַקְשִׁ֔יבtoprep + Hiphil inf constr · קָשַׁב (H7181)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָשַׁב (H7181) 'to'.
וַיִּתְּנ֥וּand they gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'and they gave'.
כָתֵ֖ףthe shoulder ofN c · כָּתֵף (H3802)Construct chain (genitival)כָּתֵף (H3802) 'the shoulder of'.
סֹרָ֑רֶתstubbornQal ptc fs · סָרַר (H5637)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָרַר (H5637) 'stubborn'.
וְאָזְנֵיהֶ֖םin the ears ofconj וְ + N com f du constr + sfx 3mp · אֹזֶן (H241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
הִכְבִּ֥ידוּand he hardenedHiphil perf 3cp · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּבֵד (H3513) 'and he hardened'.
מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַand he heardprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
12

וְלִבָּ֞ם שָׂ֣מוּ שָׁמִ֗יר מִ֠שְּׁמוֹעַ אֶת הַתּוֹרָ֤ה וְאֶת הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֜ח יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בְּרוּח֔וֹ בְּיַ֖ד הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֑ים וַֽיְהִי֙ קֶ֣צֶף גָּד֔וֹל מֵאֵ֖ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת

Yea, they made their hearts an adamant stone, lest they should hear the law, and the words which YHWH of hosts has sent in his spirit by the former prophets: therefore came a great wrath from YHWH of hosts.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'had set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וְלִבָּ֞םhis heartconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
שָׂ֣מוּhad setQal perf 3cp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'had set'.
שָׁמִ֗ירadamantN c · שָׁמִיר (H8068)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמִיר (H8068) 'adamant'.
מִ֠שְּׁמוֹעַand he heardprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַתּוֹרָ֤הthe torahart + N com f sg abs · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'the torah'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הַדְּבָרִים֙the wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
שָׁלַ֜חlet goQal perf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'let go'.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָאוֹת֙of troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
בְּרוּח֔וֹa spirit ofprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
בְּיַ֖דby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
הַנְּבִיאִ֣יםa prophetart + N com m pl abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֑יםthe first (ones)art + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'the first (ones)'.
וַֽיְהִי֙and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
קֶ֣צֶףwrathN c · קֶצֶף (H7110)Construct chain (genitival)קֶצֶף (H7110) 'wrath'.
גָּד֔וֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
מֵאֵ֖תfromprep + prep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'from'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָאֽוֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
13

וַיְהִ֥י כַאֲשֶׁר קָרָ֖א וְלֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ כֵּ֤ן יִקְרְאוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א אֶשְׁמָ֔ע אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת

Therefore it is come to pass, as he cried, and they would not hear; so they cried, and I would not hear, says YHWH of hosts:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיְהִ֥יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
כַאֲשֶׁרjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
קָרָ֖אhe calledQal perf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'he called'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
שָׁמֵ֑עוּhis hearingQal perf 3cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
כֵּ֤ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יִקְרְאוּ֙callQal impf 3mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'call'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אֶשְׁמָ֔עI will hearQal impf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'I will hear'.
אָמַ֖רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָאֽוֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
14

וְאֵ֣סָעֲרֵ֗ם עַ֤ל כָּל הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא יְדָע֔וּם וְהָאָ֨רֶץ֙ נָשַׁ֣מָּה אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם מֵֽעֹבֵ֖ר וּמִשָּׁ֑ב וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶֽרֶץ חֶמְדָּ֖ה לְשַׁמָּֽה

But I scattered them with a whirlwind among all the nations whom they knew not. Thus the land was desolate after them, that no man passed through nor returned: for they laid the pleasant land desolate.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְאֵ֣סָעֲרֵ֗םandconj וְ + Piel impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · סָעַר (H5590)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָעַר (H5590) 'and'.
עַ֤לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַגּוֹיִם֙the nationsart + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'the nations'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יְדָע֔וּםthey had knownQal perf 3cp + sfx 3mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'they had known'.
וְהָאָ֨רֶץ֙and the landconj וְ + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'and the land'.
נָשַׁ֣מָּהa horrorN · שַׁמָּה (H8047)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁמָּה (H8047) 'a horror'.
אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔םafter themprep + sfx 3mp · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after them'.
מֵֽעֹבֵ֖רfrom crossing overprep + Qal ptc ms · עָבַר (H5674)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָבַר (H5674) 'from crossing over'.
וּמִשָּׁ֑בand he returnedconj וְ + prep + Qal ptc ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּand they putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and they put'.
אֶֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
חֶמְדָּ֖הthe desirable onesN c · חֶמְדָּה (H2532)Construct chain (genitival)חֶמְדָּה (H2532) 'the desirable ones'.
לְשַׁמָּֽהa horrorprep + N com f sg abs · שַׁמָּה (H8047)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁמָּה (H8047) 'a horror'.