Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Proverbs, Chapter 4משלי 4

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Proverbs 4 (27 verses in the MT) opens: Hear, you children, the instruction of a father, and attend to know understanding. The middle of the chapter continues: Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of evil . It closes: Turn not to the right hand nor to the left: remove your foot from evil.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Proverbs 4 comprises 27 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-6) — Hear, you children, the instruction of a father, and attend to know unde. Hear, you children, the instruction of a father, and attend to know understanding. For I give you good doctrine, forsake you not my law. For I was my father's son, tender and only in the sight of my mother. He taught me also, and said to me, Let your heart retain my words: keep my commandments, and live. Get wisdom, get understanding: forget not; neither. Movement II (vv. 7-12) — Wisdom the principal thing; get wisdom: and with all your getting get un. Wisdom the principal thing; get wisdom: and with all your getting get understanding. Exalt her, and she shall promote you: she shall bring you to honour, when you dost embrace her. She shall give to your head an ornament of grace: a crown of glory shall she deliver to you. Hear, O my son, and receive my sayings; and the years of your life shall be many. I. Movement III (vv. 13-18) — Take fast hold of instruction; let not go: keep her; for she your life. Take fast hold of instruction; let not go: keep her; for she your life. Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of evil . Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away. For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken away, unless they cause to fall. For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the. Movement IV (vv. 19-24) — The way of the wicked as darkness: they know not at what they stumble. The way of the wicked as darkness: they know not at what they stumble. My son, attend to my words; incline your ear to my sayings. Let them not depart from your eyes; keep them in the midst of your heart. For they life to those that find them, and health to all their flesh. Keep your heart with all diligence; for out of it the issues of life. Put away from. Movement V (vv. 25-27) — Let your eyes look right on, and let your eyelids look straight before y. Let your eyes look right on, and let your eyelids look straight before you. Ponder the path of your feet, and let all your ways be established. Turn not to the right hand nor to the left: remove your foot from evil. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

שִׁמְע֣וּ בָ֭נִים מ֣וּסַר אָ֑ב וְ֝הַקְשִׁ֗יבוּ לָדַ֥עַת בִּינָֽה

Hear, you children, the instruction of a father, and attend to know understanding.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'his hearing'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שִׁמְע֣וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
בָ֭נִיםsonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'sons'.
מ֣וּסַרthe discipline ofN c · מוּסָר (H4148)Construct chain (genitival)מוּסָר (H4148) 'the discipline of'.
אָ֑בa fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'a father'.
וְ֝הַקְשִׁ֗יבוּtoconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2mp · קָשַׁב (H7181)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָשַׁב (H7181) 'to'.
לָדַ֥עַתto knowprep + Qal inf constr · יָדַע (H3045)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָדַע (H3045) 'to know'.
בִּינָֽהand your understandingN c · בִּינָה (H998)Construct chain (genitival)בִּינָה (H998) 'and your understanding'.
2

כִּ֤י לֶ֣קַח ט֭וֹב נָתַ֣תִּי לָכֶ֑ם תּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗י אַֽל תַּעֲזֹֽבוּ

For I give you good doctrine, forsake you not my law.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have given'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֶ֣קַחmy teachingN c · לֶקַח (H3948)Construct chain (genitival)לֶקַח (H3948) 'my teaching'.
ט֭וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
נָתַ֣תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'I have given'.
לָכֶ֑םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
תּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗יthe torahN c · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'the torah'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּעֲזֹֽבוּyou forsakeQal jussive 2mp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
3

כִּי בֵ֭ן הָיִ֣יתִי לְאָבִ֑י רַ֥ךְ וְ֝יָחִ֗יד לִפְנֵ֥י אִמִּֽי

For I was my father's son, tender and only in the sight of my mother.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have been'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בֵ֭ןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
הָיִ֣יתִיI have beenQal perf 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'I have been'.
לְאָבִ֑יto the father ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָב (H1)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָב (H1) 'to the father of'.
רַ֥ךְtenderAdj · רַךְ (H7390)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַךְ (H7390) 'tender'.
וְ֝יָחִ֗ידyour only oneconj וְ + Adj · יָחִיד (H3173)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָחִיד (H3173) 'your only one'.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
אִמִּֽיmy motherN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'my mother'.
4

וַיֹּרֵ֗נִי וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לִ֗י יִֽתְמָךְ דְּבָרַ֥י לִבֶּ֑ךָ שְׁמֹ֖ר מִצְוֺתַ֣י וֶֽחְיֵֽה

He taught me also, and said to me, Let your heart retain my words: keep my commandments, and live.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and to teach'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיֹּרֵ֗נִיand to teachconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 1cs · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
לִ֗יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
יִֽתְמָךְheld upQal jussive 3ms · תָּמַךְ (H8551)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalתָּמַךְ (H8551) 'held up'.
דְּבָרַ֥יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
לִבֶּ֑ךָyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
שְׁמֹ֖רkeepQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keep'.
מִצְוֺתַ֣יmy commandmentsN c · מִצְוָה (H4687)Construct chain (genitival)מִצְוָה (H4687) 'my commandments'.
וֶֽחְיֵֽהthen she shall liveconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָיָה (H2421) 'then she shall live'.
5

קְנֵ֣ה חָ֭כְמָה קְנֵ֣ה בִינָ֑ה אַל תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְאַל תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽאִמְרֵי פִֽי

Get wisdom, get understanding: forget not; neither decline from the words of my mouth.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'bought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
קְנֵ֣הboughtQal impv 2ms · קָנָה (H7069)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָנָה (H7069) 'bought'.
חָ֭כְמָהwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
קְנֵ֣הboughtQal impv 2ms · קָנָה (H7069)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָנָה (H7069) 'bought'.
בִינָ֑הand your understandingN c · בִּינָה (H998)Construct chain (genitival)בִּינָה (H998) 'and your understanding'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּשְׁכַּ֥חyou forgetQal jussive 2ms · שָׁכַח (H7911)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׁכַח (H7911) 'you forget'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תֵּ֝֗טstretch outQal jussive 2ms · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
מֵֽאִמְרֵיthe words ofprep + N com m pl constr · אֵמֶר (H561)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵמֶר (H561) 'the words of'.
פִֽיthe mouth ofN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'the mouth of'.
6

אַל תַּעַזְבֶ֥הָ וְתִשְׁמְרֶ֑ךָּ אֱהָבֶ֥הָ וְתִצְּרֶֽךָּ

Forsake her not, and she shall preserve you: love her, and she shall keep you.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you forsake'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּעַזְבֶ֥הָyou forsakeQal jussive 2ms + sfx 3fs · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
וְתִשְׁמְרֶ֑ךָּand you shall keepconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs + sfx 2ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
אֱהָבֶ֥הָto loveQal impv 2ms + sfx 3fs · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָהַב (H157) 'to love'.
וְתִצְּרֶֽךָּhe guarded himconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs + sfx 2ms · נָצַר (H5341)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצַר (H5341) 'he guarded him'.
7

רֵאשִׁ֣ית חָ֭כְמָה קְנֵ֣ה חָכְמָ֑ה וּבְכָל קִ֝נְיָנְךָ֗ קְנֵ֣ה בִינָֽה

Wisdom the principal thing; get wisdom: and with all your getting get understanding.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'bought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
רֵאשִׁ֣יתthe first ofN c · רֵאשִׁית (H7225)Construct chain (genitival)רֵאשִׁית (H7225) 'the first of'.
חָ֭כְמָהwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
קְנֵ֣הboughtQal impv 2ms · קָנָה (H7069)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָנָה (H7069) 'bought'.
חָכְמָ֑הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וּבְכָלand with allconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and with all'.
קִ֝נְיָנְךָ֗his acquisitionN c · קִנְיָן (H7075)Construct chain (genitival)קִנְיָן (H7075) 'his acquisition'.
קְנֵ֣הboughtQal impv 2ms · קָנָה (H7069)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָנָה (H7069) 'bought'.
בִינָֽהand your understandingN c · בִּינָה (H998)Construct chain (genitival)בִּינָה (H998) 'and your understanding'.
8

סַלְסְלֶ֥הָ וּֽתְרוֹמְמֶ֑ךָּ תְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְךָ כִּ֣י תְחַבְּקֶֽנָּה

Exalt her, and she shall promote you: she shall bring you to honour, when you dost embrace her.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'exalting yourself'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
סַלְסְלֶ֥הָexalting yourselfl impv 2ms + sfx 3fs · סָלַל (H5549)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסָלַל (H5549) 'exalting yourself'.
וּֽתְרוֹמְמֶ֑ךָּand tallconj וְ + Polel impf 3fs + sfx 2ms · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
תְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְךָand he hardenedPiel impf 3fs + sfx 2ms · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּבֵד (H3513) 'and he hardened'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תְחַבְּקֶֽנָּהand embracedPiel impf 2ms + sfx 3fs · חָבַק (H2263)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָבַק (H2263) 'and embraced'.
9

תִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭רֹאשְׁךָ לִוְיַת חֵ֑ן עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽךָּ

She shall give to your head an ornament of grace: a crown of glory shall she deliver to you.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
תִּתֵּ֣ןyou shall giveQal impf 3fs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'you shall give'.
לְ֭רֹאשְׁךָthe head ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
לִוְיַתornamentN c · לִוְיָה (H3880)Construct chain (genitival)לִוְיָה (H3880) 'ornament'.
חֵ֑ןfavorN c · חֵן (H2580)Construct chain (genitival)חֵן (H2580) 'favor'.
עֲטֶ֖רֶתthe crown ofN c · עֲטָרָה (H5850)Construct chain (genitival)עֲטָרָה (H5850) 'the crown of'.
תִּפְאֶ֣רֶתand for beautyN c · תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597)Construct chain (genitival)תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597) 'and for beauty'.
תְּמַגְּנֶֽךָּdeliveredPiel impf 3fs + sfx 2ms · מָגַן (H4042)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָגַן (H4042) 'delivered'.
10

שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי וְקַ֣ח אֲמָרָ֑י וְיִרְבּ֥וּ לְ֝ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים

Hear, O my son, and receive my sayings; and the years of your life shall be many.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'listen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שְׁמַ֣עlistenQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
בְּ֭נִיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
וְקַ֣חand takeconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלָקַח (H3947) 'and take'.
אֲמָרָ֑יthe words ofN c · אֵמֶר (H561)Construct chain (genitival)אֵמֶר (H561) 'the words of'.
וְיִרְבּ֥וּand they increasedconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבָה (H7235) 'and they increased'.
לְ֝ךָ֗to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
שְׁנ֣וֹתthe years ofN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'the years of'.
חַיִּֽיםaliveN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
11

בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ חָ֭כְמָה הֹרֵתִ֑יךָ הִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗יךָ בְּמַעְגְּלֵי יֹֽשֶׁר

I have taught you in the way of wisdom; I have led you in right paths.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and to teach'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
בְּדֶ֣רֶךְon the wayprep + N com c sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
חָ֭כְמָהwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
הֹרֵתִ֑יךָand to teachHiphil perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
הִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗יךָhe trodHiphil perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
בְּמַעְגְּלֵיinprep + N com m pl constr · מַעְגָּל (H4570)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעְגָּל (H4570) 'in'.
יֹֽשֶׁרor the uprightness ofN c · יֹשֶׁר (H3476)Construct chain (genitival)יֹשֶׁר (H3476) 'or the uprightness of'.
12

בְּֽ֭לֶכְתְּךָ לֹא יֵצַ֣ר צַעֲדֶ֑ךָ וְאִם תָּ֝ר֗וּץ לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל

When you goest, your steps shall not be straitened; and when you runnest, you shall not stumble.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'by your going'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בְּֽ֭לֶכְתְּךָby your goingprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 2ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H3212) 'by your going'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יֵצַ֣רand was distressedQal impf 3ms · צָרַר (H3334)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָרַר (H3334) 'and was distressed'.
צַעֲדֶ֑ךָpaceN c · צַעַד (H6806)Construct chain (genitival)צַעַד (H6806) 'pace'.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
תָּ֝ר֗וּץand he ranQal impf 2ms · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תִכָּשֵֽׁלand they shall stumbleN · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
13

הַחֲזֵ֣ק בַּמּוּסָ֣ר אַל תֶּ֑רֶף נִ֝צְּרֶ֗הָ כִּי הִ֥יא חַיֶּֽיךָ

Take fast hold of instruction; let not go: keep her; for she your life.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'be strong'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הַחֲזֵ֣קbe strongHiphil impv 2ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
בַּמּוּסָ֣רthe discipline ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מוּסָר (H4148)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוּסָר (H4148) 'the discipline of'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תֶּ֑רֶףabandonHiphil jussive 2ms · רָפָה (H7503)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalרָפָה (H7503) 'abandon'.
נִ֝צְּרֶ֗הָhe guarded himQal impv 2ms + sfx 3fs · נָצַר (H5341)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָצַר (H5341) 'he guarded him'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הִ֥יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
חַיֶּֽיךָyour lifeN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'your life'.
14

בְּאֹ֣רַח רְ֭שָׁעִים אַל תָּבֹ֑א וְאַל תְּ֝אַשֵּׁ֗ר בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ רָעִֽים

Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of evil .

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בְּאֹ֣רַחthe way ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֹרַח (H734)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹרַח (H734) 'the way of'.
רְ֭שָׁעִיםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תָּבֹ֑אyou comeQal jussive 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תְּ֝אַשֵּׁ֗רthey will call me blessedPiel jussive 2ms · אָשַׁר (H833)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָשַׁר (H833) 'they will call me blessed'.
בְּדֶ֣רֶךְon the wayprep + N com c sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
רָעִֽיםsevereAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'severe'.
15

פְּרָעֵ֥הוּ אַל תַּעֲבָר בּ֑וֹ שְׂטֵ֖ה מֵעָלָ֣יו וַעֲבֽוֹר

Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'do you let run loose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
פְּרָעֵ֥הוּdo you let run looseQal impv 2ms + sfx 3ms · פָּרַע (H6544)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּרַע (H6544) 'do you let run loose'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּעֲבָרyou shall crossQal jussive 2ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָבַר (H5674) 'you shall cross'.
בּ֑וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
שְׂטֵ֖הgoes astrayQal impv 2ms · שָׂטָה (H7847)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׂטָה (H7847) 'goes astray'.
מֵעָלָ֣יוfrom upon himprep + prep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from upon him'.
וַעֲבֽוֹרare crossingconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָבַר (H5674) 'are crossing'.
16

כִּ֤י לֹ֣א יִֽ֭שְׁנוּ אִם לֹ֣א יָרֵ֑עוּ וְֽנִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗ם אִם לֹ֥א יכשולו יַכְשִֽׁילוּ

For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken away, unless they cause to fall.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and grow long settled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִֽ֭שְׁנוּand grow long settledQal impf 3mp · יָשַׁן (H3462)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁן (H3462) 'and grow long settled'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָרֵ֑עוּand it was displeasingHiphil impf 3mp · רָעַע (H7489)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
וְֽנִגְזְלָ֥הand robbedconj וְ + Niphal q 3fs · גָּזַל (H1497)Particle or relational elementגָּזַל (H1497) 'and robbed'.
שְׁ֝נָתָ֗םfrom his sleepN c · שֵׁנָה (H8142)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁנָה (H8142) 'from his sleep'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יכשולוand they shall stumbleQal impf 3mp · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
יַכְשִֽׁילוּand they shall stumbleHiphil impf 3mp · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
17

כִּ֣י לָ֭חֲמוּ לֶ֣חֶם רֶ֑שַׁע וְיֵ֖ין חֲמָסִ֣ים יִשְׁתּֽוּ

For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to fight'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לָ֭חֲמוּto fightQal perf 3cp · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָחַם (H3898) 'to fight'.
לֶ֣חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
רֶ֑שַׁעtheir wickednessN c · רֶשַׁע (H7562)Construct chain (genitival)רֶשַׁע (H7562) 'their wickedness'.
וְיֵ֖יןand wineconj וְ + N com m sg constr · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'and wine'.
חֲמָסִ֣יםviolenceN c · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
יִשְׁתּֽוּthey drankQal impf 3mp · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁתָה (H8354) 'they drank'.
18

וְאֹ֣רַח צַ֭דִּיקִים כְּא֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝א֗וֹר עַד נְכ֥וֹן הַיּֽוֹם

But the path of the just as the shining light, that shineth more and more to the perfect day.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'walking'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְאֹ֣רַחthe way ofconj וְ + N com c sg constr · אֹרַח (H734)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹרַח (H734) 'the way of'.
צַ֭דִּיקִיםthe righteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'the righteous'.
כְּא֣וֹרlightprep + N com c sg constr · אוֹר (H216)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
נֹ֑גַהּfromN c · נֹגַהּ (H5051)Construct chain (genitival)נֹגַהּ (H5051) 'from'.
הוֹלֵ֥ךְwalkingQal ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'walking'.
וָ֝א֗וֹרto give lightconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · אוֹר (H215)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאוֹר (H215) 'to give light'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
נְכ֥וֹןconfirmedN · כּוּן (H3559)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּן (H3559) 'confirmed'.
הַיּֽוֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
19

דֶּ֣רֶךְ רְ֭שָׁעִים כָּֽאֲפֵלָ֑ה לֹ֥א יָ֝דְע֗וּ בַּמֶּ֥ה יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ

The way of the wicked as darkness: they know not at what they stumble.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'have known'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
דֶּ֣רֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
רְ֭שָׁעִיםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
כָּֽאֲפֵלָ֑הin darknessprep + art + N com f sg abs · אֲפֵלָה (H653)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲפֵלָה (H653) 'in darkness'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָ֝דְע֗וּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
בַּמֶּ֥הin whatprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'in what'.
יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּand they shall stumbleN · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
20

בְּ֭נִי לִדְבָרַ֣י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָה לַ֝אֲמָרַ֗י הַט אָזְנֶֽךָ

My son, attend to my words; incline your ear to my sayings.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'to'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
בְּ֭נִיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
לִדְבָרַ֣יthe matter ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
הַקְשִׁ֑יבָהtoHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · קָשַׁב (H7181)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָשַׁב (H7181) 'to'.
לַ֝אֲמָרַ֗יthe words ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · אֵמֶר (H561)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵמֶר (H561) 'the words of'.
הַטstretch outHiphil impv 2ms · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
אָזְנֶֽךָin the ears ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
21

אַל יַלִּ֥יזוּ מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָ שָׁ֝מְרֵ֗ם בְּת֣וֹךְ לְבָבֶֽךָ

Let them not depart from your eyes; keep them in the midst of your heart.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
יַלִּ֥יזוּandHiphil jussive 3mp · לוּז (H3868)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalלוּז (H3868) 'and'.
מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr + sfx 2ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
שָׁ֝מְרֵ֗םand you shall keepQal impv 2ms + sfx 3mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
בְּת֣וֹךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
לְבָבֶֽךָyour heartN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'your heart'.
22

כִּֽי חַיִּ֣ים הֵ֭ם לְמֹצְאֵיהֶ֑ם וּֽלְכָל בְּשָׂר֥וֹ מַרְפֵּֽא

For they life to those that find them, and health to all their flesh.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'I have found'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
חַיִּ֣יםaliveN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
הֵ֭םtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
לְמֹצְאֵיהֶ֑םI have foundprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3mp · מָצָא (H4672)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
וּֽלְכָלand to allconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and to all'.
בְּשָׂר֥וֹhis bodyN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'his body'.
מַרְפֵּֽאhealingN c · מַרְפֵּא (H4832)Construct chain (genitival)מַרְפֵּא (H4832) 'healing'.
23

מִֽכָּל מִ֭שְׁמָר נְצֹ֣ר לִבֶּ֑ךָ כִּֽי מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ תּוֹצְא֥וֹת חַיִּֽים

Keep your heart with all diligence; for out of it the issues of life.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'keeping'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מִֽכָּלfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'from all'.
מִ֭שְׁמָרcustodyN c · מִשְׁמָר (H4929)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁמָר (H4929) 'custody'.
נְצֹ֣רkeepingQal impv 2ms · נָצַר (H5341)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָצַר (H5341) 'keeping'.
לִבֶּ֑ךָyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּfrom itprep + sfx 1cp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
תּוֹצְא֥וֹתits limitsN c · תּוֹצָאוֹת (H8444)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹצָאוֹת (H8444) 'its limits'.
חַיִּֽיםaliveN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
24

הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּלְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽךָּ

Put away from you a froward mouth, and perverse lips put far from you.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'removing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הָסֵ֣רremovingHiphil impv 2ms · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסוּר (H5493) 'removing'.
מִ֭מְּךָfrom youprep + sfx 2ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from you'.
עִקְּשׁ֣וּתfrowardN c · עִקְּשׁוּת (H6143)Construct chain (genitival)עִקְּשׁוּת (H6143) 'froward'.
פֶּ֑הmouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'mouth'.
וּלְז֥וּתandconj וְ + N com f sg constr · לְזוּת (H3891)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְזוּת (H3891) 'and'.
שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִםlipsN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'lips'.
הַרְחֵ֥קfar offHiphil impv 2ms · רָחַק (H7368)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָחַק (H7368) 'far off'.
מִמֶּֽךָּfrom youprep + sfx 2ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from you'.
25

עֵ֭ינֶיךָ לְנֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝עַפְעַפֶּ֗יךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽךָ

Let your eyes look right on, and let your eyelids look straight before you.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'from looking'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עֵ֭ינֶיךָyour eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'your eyes'.
לְנֹ֣כַחopposite / on behalf ofprep + N com m sg abs · נֹכַח (H5227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֹכַח (H5227) 'opposite / on behalf of'.
יַבִּ֑יטוּfrom lookingHiphil jussive 3mp · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָבַט (H5027) 'from looking'.
וְ֝עַפְעַפֶּ֗יךָandconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · עַפְעַף (H6079)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַפְעַף (H6079) 'and'.
יַיְשִׁ֥רוּit will be right/pleasingHiphil jussive 3mp · יָשַׁר (H3474)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָשַׁר (H3474) 'it will be right/pleasing'.
נֶגְדֶּֽךָbefore youprep + sfx 2ms · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'before you'.
26

פַּ֭לֵּס מַעְגַּ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑ךָ וְֽכָל דְּרָכֶ֥יךָ יִכֹּֽנוּ

Ponder the path of your feet, and let all your ways be established.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'make'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
פַּ֭לֵּסmakePiel impv 2ms · פָּלַס (H6424)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּלַס (H6424) 'make'.
מַעְגַּ֣לinN c · מַעְגָּל (H4570)Construct chain (genitival)מַעְגָּל (H4570) 'in'.
רַגְלֶ֑ךָyour footN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'your foot'.
וְֽכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
דְּרָכֶ֥יךָyour waysN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'your ways'.
יִכֹּֽנוּreadyN · כּוּן (H3559)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
27

אַֽל תֵּט יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול הָסֵ֖ר רַגְלְךָ֣ מֵרָֽע

Turn not to the right hand nor to the left: remove your foot from evil.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'stretch out'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תֵּטstretch outQal jussive 2ms · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
יָמִ֥יןrightN c · יָמִין (H3225)Construct chain (genitival)יָמִין (H3225) 'right'.
וּשְׂמֹ֑אולor leftconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שְׂמֹאל (H8040)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂמֹאל (H8040) 'or left'.
הָסֵ֖רremovingHiphil impv 2ms · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסוּר (H5493) 'removing'.
רַגְלְךָ֣your footN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'your foot'.
מֵרָֽעfrom evilprep + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'from evil'.