Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Proverbs, Chapter 30משלי 30

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Proverbs 30 (33 verses in the MT) opens: The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, the prophecy: the man spake to Ithiel, even to Ithiel and Ucal, The middle of the chapter continues: The eye mocketh at father, and despiseth to obey mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it. It closes: Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood: so the forcing of wrath bringeth forth strife.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Proverbs 30 comprises 33 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-7) — The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, the prophecy: the man spake to Ithie. The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, the prophecy: the man spake to Ithiel, even to Ithiel and Ucal, Surely I more brutish than man, and have not the understanding of a man. I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy. Who has ascended up into heaven, or descended? who has gathered the wind in his fists? who has bound the waters in a. Movement II (vv. 8-14) — Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches;. Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me: Lest I be full, and deny , and say, Who YHWH? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God . Accuse not a servant to his master, lest he curse you, and you be found guilty. a generation curseth their father, and does not bless their. Movement III (vv. 15-21) — The horseleach has two daughters, , Give, give. The horseleach has two daughters, , Give, give. There are three are never satisfied, , four say not, enough: The grave; and the barren womb; the earth is not filled with water; and the fire says not, enough. The eye mocketh at father, and despiseth to obey mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it. There be three. Movement IV (vv. 22-28) — For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat;. For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat; For an odious when she is married; and an handmaid that is heir to her mistress. There be four little upon the earth, but they exceeding wise: The ants a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer; The conies a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks; The. Movement V (vv. 29-33) — There be three which go well, yea, four are comely in going:. There be three which go well, yea, four are comely in going: A lion strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any; A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom no rising up. If you have done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if you have thought evil, your hand upon your mouth. Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

דִּבְרֵ֤י אָג֥וּר בִּן יָקֶ֗ה הַמַּ֫שָּׂ֥א נְאֻ֣ם הַ֭גֶּבֶר לְאִֽיתִיאֵ֑ל לְאִ֖יתִיאֵ֣ל וְאֻכָֽל

The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, the prophecy: the man spake to Ithiel, even to Ithiel and Ucal,

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
דִּבְרֵ֤יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
אָג֥וּרAgurN · אָגוּר (H94)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָגוּר (H94) 'Agur'.
בִּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
יָקֶ֗הJakehN · יָקֶה (H3348)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָקֶה (H3348) 'Jakeh'.
הַמַּ֫שָּׂ֥אtheir burdenart + N com m sg abs · מַשָּׂא (H4853)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַשָּׂא (H4853) 'their burden'.
נְאֻ֣םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
הַ֭גֶּבֶרthe manart + N com m sg abs · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'the man'.
לְאִֽיתִיאֵ֑לtoprep + N proper · אִיתִיאֵל (H384)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיתִיאֵל (H384) 'to'.
לְאִ֖יתִיאֵ֣לtoprep + N proper · אִיתִיאֵל (H384)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִיתִיאֵל (H384) 'to'.
וְאֻכָֽלandconj וְ + N proper · אֻכָל (H401)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֻכָל (H401) 'and'.
2

כִּ֤י בַ֣עַר אָנֹכִ֣י מֵאִ֑ישׁ וְלֹֽא בִינַ֖ת אָדָ֣ם לִֽי

Surely I more brutish than man, and have not the understanding of a man.

Linked non-verbal clause
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בַ֣עַרbrutishAdj · בַּעַר (H1198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּעַר (H1198) 'brutish'.
אָנֹכִ֣יIpron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
מֵאִ֑ישׁfrom manprep + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'from man'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
בִינַ֖תand your understandingN c · בִּינָה (H998)Construct chain (genitival)בִּינָה (H998) 'and your understanding'.
אָדָ֣םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
3

וְלֹֽא לָמַ֥דְתִּי חָכְמָ֑ה וְדַ֖עַת קְדֹשִׁ֣ים אֵדָֽע

I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have taught'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
לָמַ֥דְתִּיI have taughtQal perf 1cs · לִמַּד (H3925)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלִמַּד (H3925) 'I have taught'.
חָכְמָ֑הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וְדַ֖עַתthe knowledge ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr · דַּעַת (H1847)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּעַת (H1847) 'the knowledge of'.
קְדֹשִׁ֣יםholyAdj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy'.
אֵדָֽעshall I knowQal impf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'shall I know'.
4

מִ֤י עָלָֽה שָׁמַ֨יִם וַיֵּרַ֡ד מִ֤י אָֽסַף ר֨וּחַ בְּחָפְנָ֡יו מִ֤י צָֽרַר מַ֨יִם בַּשִּׂמְלָ֗ה מִ֭י הֵקִ֣ים כָּל אַפְסֵי אָ֑רֶץ מַה שְּׁמ֥וֹ וּמַֽה שֶּׁם בְּ֝נ֗וֹ כִּ֣י תֵדָֽע

Who has ascended up into heaven, or descended? who has gathered the wind in his fists? who has bound the waters in a garment? who has established all the ends of the earth? what his name, and what his son's name, if you canst tell?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'go up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
עָלָֽהgo upQal perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'go up'.
שָׁמַ֨יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
וַיֵּרַ֡דand went downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
אָֽסַףhas taken awayQal perf 3ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָסַף (H622) 'has taken away'.
ר֨וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
בְּחָפְנָ֡יוyour two handfulsprep + N com m du constr + sfx 3ms · חֹפֶן (H2651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹפֶן (H2651) 'your two handfuls'.
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
צָֽרַרand it will besiegeQal perf 3ms · צָרַר (H6887)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצָרַר (H6887) 'and it will besiege'.
מַ֨יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
בַּשִּׂמְלָ֗הand clothingprep + art + N com f sg abs · שִׂמְלָה (H8071)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׂמְלָה (H8071) 'and clothing'.
מִ֭יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
הֵקִ֣יםset upHiphil perf 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקוּם (H6965) 'set up'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אַפְסֵיthe ends ofN c · אֶפֶס (H657)Construct chain (genitival)אֶפֶס (H657) 'the ends of'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
שְּׁמ֥וֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
וּמַֽהand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
שֶּׁםthe name ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name of'.
בְּ֝נ֗וֹhis sonN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his son'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תֵדָֽעyou may knowQal impf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'you may know'.
5

כָּל אִמְרַ֣ת אֱל֣וֹהַּ צְרוּפָ֑ה מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא לַֽחֹסִ֥ים בּֽוֹ

Every word of God pure: he a shield to them that put their trust in him.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אִמְרַ֣תmy speechN c · אִמְרָה (H565)Construct chain (genitival)אִמְרָה (H565) 'my speech'.
אֱל֣וֹהַּGodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
צְרוּפָ֑הandQal ptc fs · צָרַף (H6884)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַף (H6884) 'and'.
מָגֵ֥ןthe shield ofN c · מָגֵן (H4043)Construct chain (genitival)מָגֵן (H4043) 'the shield of'.
ה֝֗וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
לַֽחֹסִ֥יםin which they took refugeprep + art + Qal ptc mp · חָסָה (H2620)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָסָה (H2620) 'in which they took refuge'.
בּֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
6

אַל תּ֥וֹסְףְּ עַל דְּבָרָ֑יו פֶּן יוֹכִ֖יחַ בְּךָ֣ וְנִכְזָֽבְתָּ

Add you not to his words, lest he reprove you, and you be found a liar.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'add, continue'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תּ֥וֹסְףְּadd, continueHiphil jussive 2ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָסַף (H3254) 'add, continue'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
דְּבָרָ֑יוhis wordsN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'his words'.
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
יוֹכִ֖יחַand you are vindicatedHiphil impf 3ms · יָכַח (H3198)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכַח (H3198) 'and you are vindicated'.
בְּךָ֣among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
וְנִכְזָֽבְתָּthat he should lieconj וְ + Niphal q 2ms · כָּזַב (H3576)Particle or relational elementכָּזַב (H3576) 'that he should lie'.
7

שְׁ֭תַּיִם שָׁאַ֣לְתִּי מֵאִתָּ֑ךְ אַל תִּמְנַ֥ע מִ֝מֶּ֗נִּי בְּטֶ֣רֶם אָמֽוּת

Two have I required of you; deny me not before I die:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'ask'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שְׁ֭תַּיִםtwoAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
שָׁאַ֣לְתִּיaskQal perf 1cs · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁאַל (H7592) 'ask'.
מֵאִתָּ֑ךְwithprep + prep + sfx 2fs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּמְנַ֥עbe held backQal jussive 2ms · מָנַע (H4513)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalמָנַע (H4513) 'be held back'.
מִ֝מֶּ֗נִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
בְּטֶ֣רֶםbeforeprep + art · טֶרֶם (H2962)Particle or relational elementטֶרֶם (H2962) 'before'.
אָמֽוּתI dieQal impf 1cs · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'I die'.
8

שָׁ֤וְא וּֽדְבַר כָּזָ֡ב הַרְחֵ֬ק מִמֶּ֗נִּי רֵ֣אשׁ וָ֭עֹשֶׁר אַל תִּֽתֶּן לִ֑י הַ֝טְרִיפֵ֗נִי לֶ֣חֶם חֻקִּֽי

Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me:

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'far off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
שָׁ֤וְאfalsehoodN c · שָׁוְא (H7723)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁוְא (H7723) 'falsehood'.
וּֽדְבַרand the word ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'and the word of'.
כָּזָ֡בdeceitfulN c · כָּזָב (H3577)Construct chain (genitival)כָּזָב (H3577) 'deceitful'.
הַרְחֵ֬קfar offHiphil impv 2ms · רָחַק (H7368)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָחַק (H7368) 'far off'.
מִמֶּ֗נִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
רֵ֣אשׁpovertyN c · רֵישׁ (H7389)Construct chain (genitival)רֵישׁ (H7389) 'poverty'.
וָ֭עֹשֶׁרthe wealthconj וְ + N com m sg abs · עֹשֶׁר (H6239)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹשֶׁר (H6239) 'the wealth'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּֽתֶּןyou shall giveQal jussive 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָתַן (H5414) 'you shall give'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
הַ֝טְרִיפֵ֗נִיis torn/mauledHiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · טָרַף (H2963)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeטָרַף (H2963) 'is torn/mauled'.
לֶ֣חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
חֻקִּֽיthe statutes ofN c · חֹק (H2706)Construct chain (genitival)חֹק (H2706) 'the statutes of'.
9

פֶּ֥ן אֶשְׂבַּ֨ע וְכִחַשְׁתִּי֮ וְאָמַ֗רְתִּי מִ֥י יְה֫וָ֥ה וּפֶֽן אִוָּרֵ֥שׁ וְגָנַ֑בְתִּי וְ֝תָפַ֗שְׂתִּי שֵׁ֣ם אֱלֹהָֽי

Lest I be full, and deny , and say, Who YHWH? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and be satisfied'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
פֶּ֥ןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
אֶשְׂבַּ֨עand be satisfiedQal impf 1cs · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
וְכִחַשְׁתִּי֮and they shall cringeconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · כָּחַשׁ (H3584)Particle or relational elementכָּחַשׁ (H3584) 'and they shall cringe'.
וְאָמַ֗רְתִּיand I sayconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and I say'.
מִ֥יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יְה֫וָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּפֶֽןand lestconj וְ + conj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'and lest'.
אִוָּרֵ֥שׁto possess itN · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess it'.
וְגָנַ֑בְתִּיand stolenconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · גָּנַב (H1589)Particle or relational elementגָּנַב (H1589) 'and stolen'.
וְ֝תָפַ֗שְׂתִּיto capture itconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · תָּפַשׂ (H8610)Particle or relational elementתָּפַשׂ (H8610) 'to capture it'.
שֵׁ֣םthe name ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name of'.
אֱלֹהָֽיthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
10

אַל תַּלְשֵׁ֣ן עֶ֭בֶד אֶל אדנו אֲדֹנָ֑יו פֶּֽן יְקַלֶּלְךָ֥ וְאָשָֽׁמְתָּ

Accuse not a servant to his master, lest he curse you, and you be found guilty.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'accuse'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּלְשֵׁ֣ןaccuseHiphil jussive 2ms · לָשַׁן (H3960)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalלָשַׁן (H3960) 'accuse'.
עֶ֭בֶדservant ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant of'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אדנוmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
אֲדֹנָ֑יוhis masterN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'his master'.
פֶּֽןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
יְקַלֶּלְךָ֥to cursePiel impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָלַל (H7043) 'to curse'.
וְאָשָֽׁמְתָּthen he is guiltyconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · אָשֵׁם (H816)Particle or relational elementאָשֵׁם (H816) 'then he is guilty'.
11

דּ֭וֹר אָבִ֣יו יְקַלֵּ֑ל וְאֶת אִ֝מּ֗וֹ לֹ֣א יְבָרֵֽךְ

a generation curseth their father, and does not bless their mother.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'curses'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
דּ֭וֹרgenerationN c · דּוֹר (H1755)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'.
אָבִ֣יוhis fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'his father'.
יְקַלֵּ֑לcursesPiel impf 3ms · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָלַל (H7043) 'curses'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אִ֝מּ֗וֹhis motherN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'his mother'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יְבָרֵֽךְbless youPiel impf 3ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'bless you'.
12

דּ֭וֹר טָה֣וֹר בְּעֵינָ֑יו וּ֝מִצֹּאָת֗וֹ לֹ֣א רֻחָֽץ

a generation pure in their own eyes, and is not washed from their filthiness.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he has bathed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
דּ֭וֹרgenerationN c · דּוֹר (H1755)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'.
טָה֣וֹרpureAdj · טָהוֹר (H2889)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure'.
בְּעֵינָ֑יוin his eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 3ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in his eyes'.
וּ֝מִצֹּאָת֗וֹdungconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · צוֹאָה (H6675)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוֹאָה (H6675) 'dung'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
רֻחָֽץhe has bathedPual perf 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָחַץ (H7364) 'he has bathed'.
13

דּ֭וֹר מָה רָמ֣וּ עֵינָ֑יו וְ֝עַפְעַפָּ֗יו יִנָּשֵֽׂאוּ

a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and tall'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
דּ֭וֹרgenerationN c · דּוֹר (H1755)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'.
מָהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
רָמ֣וּand tallQal perf 3cp · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
עֵינָ֑יוhis eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'his eyes'.
וְ֝עַפְעַפָּ֗יוandconj וְ + N com m du constr + sfx 3ms · עַפְעַף (H6079)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַפְעַף (H6079) 'and'.
יִנָּשֵֽׂאוּlifts upN · נָשָׂא (H5375)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
14

דּ֤וֹר חֲרָב֣וֹת שִׁנָּיו֮ וּֽמַאֲכָל֪וֹת מְֽתַלְּעֹ֫תָ֥יו לֶאֱכֹ֣ל עֲנִיִּ֣ים מֵאֶ֑רֶץ וְ֝אֶבְיוֹנִ֗ים מֵאָדָֽם

a generation, whose teeth swords, and their jaw teeth knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from men.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to eat'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
דּ֤וֹרgenerationN c · דּוֹר (H1755)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'.
חֲרָב֣וֹתknives ofN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'knives of'.
שִׁנָּיו֮toothN c · שֵׁן (H8127)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁן (H8127) 'tooth'.
וּֽמַאֲכָל֪וֹתthe knifeconj וְ + N com f pl abs · מַאֲכֶלֶת (H3979)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַאֲכֶלֶת (H3979) 'the knife'.
מְֽתַלְּעֹ֫תָ֥יוandN c · מְתַלְּעָה (H4973)Construct chain (genitival)מְתַלְּעָה (H4973) 'and'.
לֶאֱכֹ֣לto eatprep + Qal inf constr · אָכַל (H398)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'.
עֲנִיִּ֣יםpoorAdj · עָנִי (H6041)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנִי (H6041) 'poor'.
מֵאֶ֑רֶץfrom the land ofprep + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'from the land of'.
וְ֝אֶבְיוֹנִ֗יםpoorconj וְ + Adj · אֶבְיוֹן (H34)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבְיוֹן (H34) 'poor'.
מֵאָדָֽםfrom manprep + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'from man'.
15

לַֽעֲלוּקָ֨ה שְׁתֵּ֥י בָנוֹת֮ הַ֤ב הַ֥ב שָׁל֣וֹשׁ הֵ֭נָּה לֹ֣א תִשְׂבַּ֑עְנָה אַ֝רְבַּ֗ע לֹא אָ֥מְרוּ הֽוֹן

The horseleach has two daughters, , Give, give. There are three are never satisfied, , four say not, enough:

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'get/provide'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
לַֽעֲלוּקָ֨הtoprep + N com f sg abs · עֲלוּקָה (H5936)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲלוּקָה (H5936) 'to'.
שְׁתֵּ֥יtwoAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
בָנוֹת֮daughtersN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughters'.
הַ֤בget/provideQal impv 2ms · יָהַב (H3051)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָהַב (H3051) 'get/provide'.
הַ֥בget/provideQal impv 2ms · יָהַב (H3051)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָהַב (H3051) 'get/provide'.
שָׁל֣וֹשׁthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
הֵ֭נָּהtheypron 3fp · הֵנָּה (H2007)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵנָּה (H2007) 'they'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תִשְׂבַּ֑עְנָהand be satisfiedQal impf 3fp · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
אַ֝רְבַּ֗עfourAdj · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אָ֥מְרוּthey saidQal perf 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'they said'.
הֽוֹןenoughN c · הוֹן (H1952)Construct chain (genitival)הוֹן (H1952) 'enough'.
16

שְׁאוֹל֮ וְעֹ֪צֶ֫ר רָ֥חַם אֶ֭רֶץ לֹא שָׂ֣בְעָה מַּ֑יִם וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ לֹא אָ֥מְרָה הֽוֹן

The grave; and the barren womb; the earth is not filled with water; and the fire says not, enough.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and be satisfied'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
שְׁאוֹל֮SheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
וְעֹ֪צֶ֫רfromconj וְ + N com m sg constr · עֹצֶר (H6115)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹצֶר (H6115) 'from'.
רָ֥חַםa wombN c · רַחֲמִים (H7356)Construct chain (genitival)רַחֲמִים (H7356) 'a womb'.
אֶ֭רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׂ֣בְעָהand be satisfiedQal perf 3fs · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
מַּ֑יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
וְ֝אֵ֗שׁand fireconj וְ + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'and fire'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אָ֥מְרָהshe saidQal perf 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'she said'.
הֽוֹןenoughN c · הוֹן (H1952)Construct chain (genitival)הוֹן (H1952) 'enough'.
17

עַ֤יִן תִּֽלְעַ֣ג לְאָב֮ וְתָב֪וּז לִֽיקֲּהַ֫ת אֵ֥ם יִקְּר֥וּהָ עֹרְבֵי נַ֑חַל וְֽיֹאכְל֥וּהָ בְנֵי נָֽשֶׁר

The eye mocketh at father, and despiseth to obey mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'have in derision'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
עַ֤יִןeyeN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'eye'.
תִּֽלְעַ֣גhave in derisionQal impf 3fs · לָעַג (H3932)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָעַג (H3932) 'have in derision'.
לְאָב֮father ofprep + N com m sg abs · אָב (H1)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָב (H1) 'father of'.
וְתָב֪וּזcontemnconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs · בּוּז (H936)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּז (H936) 'contemn'.
לִֽיקֲּהַ֫תthe obedience ofprep + N com f sg constr · יִקָּהָה (H3349)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִקָּהָה (H3349) 'the obedience of'.
אֵ֥םthe mother ofN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'the mother of'.
יִקְּר֥וּהָwill you gouge outQal impf 3mp + sfx 3fs · נָקַר (H5365)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָקַר (H5365) 'will you gouge out'.
עֹרְבֵיravenN c · עֹרֵב (H6158)Construct chain (genitival)עֹרֵב (H6158) 'raven'.
נַ֑חַלthe brook ofN c · נַחַל (H5158)Construct chain (genitival)נַחַל (H5158) 'the brook of'.
וְֽיֹאכְל֥וּהָyou shall eatconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp + sfx 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
בְנֵיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
נָֽשֶׁרthe eagleN c · נֶשֶׁר (H5404)Construct chain (genitival)נֶשֶׁר (H5404) 'the eagle'.
18

שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה הֵ֭מָּה נִפְלְא֣וּ מִמֶּ֑נִּי וארבע וְ֝אַרְבָּעָ֗ה לֹ֣א יְדַעְתִּֽים

There be three are too wonderful for me, yea, four which I know not:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שְׁלֹשָׁ֣הthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
הֵ֭מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
נִפְלְא֣וּto fulfillN · פָּלָא (H6381)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּלָא (H6381) 'to fulfill'.
מִמֶּ֑נִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
וארבעand fourconj וְ + Adj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'and four'.
וְ֝אַרְבָּעָ֗הand fourconj וְ + Adj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'and four'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יְדַעְתִּֽיםI knowQal perf 1cs + sfx 3mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
19

דֶּ֤רֶךְ הַנֶּ֨שֶׁר בַּשָּׁמַיִם֮ דֶּ֥רֶךְ נָחָ֗שׁ עֲלֵ֫י צ֥וּר דֶּֽרֶךְ אֳנִיָּ֥ה בְלֶב יָ֑ם וְדֶ֖רֶךְ גֶּ֣בֶר בְּעַלְמָֽה

The way of an eagle in the air; the way of a serpent upon a rock; the way of a ship in the midst of the sea; and the way of a man with a maid.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
דֶּ֤רֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
הַנֶּ֨שֶׁרthe eagleart + N com m sg abs · נֶשֶׁר (H5404)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶשֶׁר (H5404) 'the eagle'.
בַּשָּׁמַיִם֮in the heavensprep + art + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'in the heavens'.
דֶּ֥רֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
נָחָ֗שׁserpentN c · נָחָשׁ (H5175)Construct chain (genitival)נָחָשׁ (H5175) 'serpent'.
עֲלֵ֫יagainst meprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
צ֥וּרrockN c · צוּר (H6697)Construct chain (genitival)צוּר (H6697) 'rock'.
דֶּֽרֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
אֳנִיָּ֥הshipsN c · אֳנִיָּה (H591)Construct chain (genitival)אֳנִיָּה (H591) 'ships'.
בְלֶבin the heart ofprep + N com m sg constr · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'in the heart of'.
יָ֑םsea ofN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'sea of'.
וְדֶ֖רֶךְon the wayconj וְ + N com c sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
גֶּ֣בֶרa manN c · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
בְּעַלְמָֽהthe young womanprep + N com f sg abs · עַלְמָה (H5959)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַלְמָה (H5959) 'the young woman'.
20

כֵּ֤ן דֶּ֥רֶךְ אִשָּׁ֗ה מְנָ֫אָ֥פֶת אָ֭כְלָה וּמָ֣חֲתָה פִ֑יהָ וְ֝אָמְרָ֗ה לֹֽא פָעַ֥לְתִּי אָֽוֶן

Such the way of an adulterous woman; she eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and says, I have done no wickedness.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'you shall commit adultery'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כֵּ֤ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
דֶּ֥רֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
אִשָּׁ֗הa womanN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'a woman'.
מְנָ֫אָ֥פֶתyou shall commit adulteryPiel ptc fs · נָאַף (H5003)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָאַף (H5003) 'you shall commit adultery'.
אָ֭כְלָהconsumingQal perf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'consuming'.
וּמָ֣חֲתָהbe wiped outconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · מָחָה (H4229)Particle or relational elementמָחָה (H4229) 'be wiped out'.
פִ֑יהָits mouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'its mouth'.
וְ֝אָמְרָ֗הand she shall sayconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and she shall say'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
פָעַ֥לְתִּיdidQal perf 1cs · פָּעַל (H6466)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
אָֽוֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
21

תַּ֣חַת שָׁ֭לוֹשׁ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֑רֶץ וְתַ֥חַת אַ֝רְבַּ֗ע לֹא תוּכַ֥ל שְׂאֵֽת

For three the earth is disquieted, and for four it cannot bear:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and shall tremble'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
שָׁ֭לוֹשׁthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
רָ֣גְזָהand shall trembleQal perf 3fs · רָגַז (H7264)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָגַז (H7264) 'and shall tremble'.
אֶ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
וְתַ֥חַתand underconj וְ + prep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'and under'.
אַ֝רְבַּ֗עfourAdj · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תוּכַ֥לyou mayQal impf 3fs · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'you may'.
שְׂאֵֽתto bearQal inf constr · נָשָׂא (H5375)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to bear'.
22

תַּֽחַת עֶ֭בֶד כִּ֣י יִמְל֑וֹךְ וְ֝נָבָ֗ל כִּ֣י יִֽשְׂבַּֽע לָֽחֶם

For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and reigned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
תַּֽחַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
עֶ֭בֶדservant ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant of'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יִמְל֑וֹךְand reignedQal impf 3ms · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָלַךְ (H4427) 'and reigned'.
וְ֝נָבָ֗לfoolishconj וְ + Adj · נָבָל (H5036)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5036) 'foolish'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יִֽשְׂבַּֽעand be satisfiedQal impf 3ms · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
לָֽחֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
23

תַּ֣חַת שְׂ֭נוּאָה כִּ֣י תִבָּעֵ֑ל וְ֝שִׁפְחָ֗ה כִּֽי תִירַ֥שׁ גְּבִרְתָּֽהּ

For an odious when she is married; and an handmaid that is heir to her mistress.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'unloved'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
שְׂ֭נוּאָהunlovedQal ptc fs · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'unloved'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תִבָּעֵ֑לmarried toN · בָּעַל (H1166)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּעַל (H1166) 'married to'.
וְ֝שִׁפְחָ֗הand maidservantconj וְ + N com f sg abs · שִׁפְחָה (H8198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁפְחָה (H8198) 'and maidservant'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תִירַ֥שׁto possess itQal impf 3fs · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess it'.
גְּבִרְתָּֽהּher mistressN c · גְּבִרֶת (H1404)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבִרֶת (H1404) 'her mistress'.
24

אַרְבָּ֣עָה הֵ֭ם קְטַנֵּי אָ֑רֶץ וְ֝הֵ֗מָּה חֲכָמִ֥ים מְחֻכָּמִֽים

There be four little upon the earth, but they exceeding wise:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'they were wise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַרְבָּ֣עָהfourAdj · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
הֵ֭םtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
קְטַנֵּיthe youngestAdj · קָטֹן (H6996)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָטֹן (H6996) 'the youngest'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
וְ֝הֵ֗מָּהnow theyconj וְ + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'now they'.
חֲכָמִ֥יםwiseAdj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise'.
מְחֻכָּמִֽיםthey were wisePual ptc mp · חָכַם (H2449)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָכַם (H2449) 'they were wise'.
25

הַ֭נְּמָלִים עַ֣ם לֹא עָ֑ז וַיָּכִ֖ינוּ בַקַּ֣יִץ לַחְמָֽם

The ants a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they prepared'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַ֭נְּמָלִיםantart + N com f pl abs · נְמָלָה (H5244)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְמָלָה (H5244) 'ant'.
עַ֣םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
עָ֑זstrongAdj · עַז (H5794)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַז (H5794) 'strong'.
וַיָּכִ֖ינוּand they preparedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכּוּן (H3559) 'and they prepared'.
בַקַּ֣יִץand summerprep + art + N com m sg abs · קַיִץ (H7019)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קַיִץ (H7019) 'and summer'.
לַחְמָֽםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
26

שְׁ֭פַנִּים עַ֣ם לֹא עָצ֑וּם וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ בַסֶּ֣לַע בֵּיתָֽם

The conies a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they put'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שְׁ֭פַנִּיםthe rock badgerN c · שָׁפָן (H8227)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁפָן (H8227) 'the rock badger'.
עַ֣םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
עָצ֑וּםmightyAdj · עָצוּם (H6099)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָצוּם (H6099) 'mighty'.
וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּand they putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and they put'.
בַסֶּ֣לַעin the rockprep + art + N com m sg abs · סֶלַע (H5553)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֶלַע (H5553) 'in the rock'.
בֵּיתָֽםthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
27

מֶ֭לֶךְ אֵ֣ין לָאַרְבֶּ֑ה וַיֵּצֵ֖א חֹצֵ֣ץ כֻּלּֽוֹ

The locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מֶ֭לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
לָאַרְבֶּ֑הthe locustsprep + art + N com m sg abs · אַרְבֶּה (H697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבֶּה (H697) 'the locusts'.
וַיֵּצֵ֖אand he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
חֹצֵ֣ץthose who divideQal ptc ms · חָצַץ (H2686)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָצַץ (H2686) 'those who divide'.
כֻּלּֽוֹall of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
28

שְׂ֭מָמִית בְּיָדַ֣יִם תְּתַפֵּ֑שׂ וְ֝הִ֗יא בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי מֶֽלֶךְ

The spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in kings' palaces.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'to capture it'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שְׂ֭מָמִיתspiderN c · שְׂמָמִית (H8079)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂמָמִית (H8079) 'spider'.
בְּיָדַ֣יִםby the hand ofprep + N com c du abs · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
תְּתַפֵּ֑שׂto capture itPiel impf 2ms · תָּפַשׂ (H8610)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּפַשׂ (H8610) 'to capture it'.
וְ֝הִ֗יאand sheconj וְ + pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and she'.
בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵיpalaceprep + N com m pl constr · הֵיכָל (H1964)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵיכָל (H1964) 'palace'.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
29

שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה הֵ֭מָּה מֵיטִ֣יבֵי צָ֑עַד וְ֝אַרְבָּעָ֗ה מֵיטִ֥בֵי לָֽכֶת

There be three which go well, yea, four are comely in going:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'it may go well'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שְׁלֹשָׁ֣הthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
הֵ֭מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
מֵיטִ֣יבֵיit may go wellHiphil ptc mp · יָטַב (H3190)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
צָ֑עַדpaceN c · צַעַד (H6806)Construct chain (genitival)צַעַד (H6806) 'pace'.
וְ֝אַרְבָּעָ֗הand fourconj וְ + Adj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'and four'.
מֵיטִ֥בֵיit may go wellHiphil ptc mp · יָטַב (H3190)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
לָֽכֶתand he wentQal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H3212)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
30

לַ֭יִשׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה וְלֹא יָ֝שׁ֗וּב מִפְּנֵי כֹֽל

A lion strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall return'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לַ֭יִשׁandN c · לַיִשׁ (H3918)Construct chain (genitival)לַיִשׁ (H3918) 'and'.
גִּבּ֣וֹרmightyAdj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
בַּבְּהֵמָ֑הamong the animalsprep + art + N com f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'among the animals'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָ֝שׁ֗וּבhe shall returnQal impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'he shall return'.
מִפְּנֵיbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
כֹֽלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
31

זַרְזִ֣יר מָתְנַ֣יִם אוֹ תָ֑יִשׁ וּ֝מֶ֗לֶךְ אַלְק֥וּם עִמּֽוֹ

A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom no rising up.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
זַרְזִ֣ירgreyhoundN c · זַרְזִיר (H2223)Construct chain (genitival)זַרְזִיר (H2223) 'greyhound'.
מָתְנַ֣יִםthe loins ofN c · מֹתֶן (H4975)Construct chain (genitival)מֹתֶן (H4975) 'the loins of'.
אוֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
תָ֑יִשׁthe he-goatsN c · תַּיִשׁ (H8495)Construct chain (genitival)תַּיִשׁ (H8495) 'the he-goats'.
וּ֝מֶ֗לֶךְand the king ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'and the king of'.
אַלְק֥וּםno rising upart · אַלְקוּם (H510)Particle or relational elementאַלְקוּם (H510) 'no rising up'.
עִמּֽוֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with him'.
32

אִם נָבַ֥לְתָּ בְהִתְנַשֵּׂ֑א וְאִם זַ֝מּ֗וֹתָ יָ֣ד לְפֶֽה

If you have done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if you have thought evil, your hand upon your mouth.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he scorned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
נָבַ֥לְתָּand he scornedQal perf 2ms · נָבַל (H5034)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָבַל (H5034) 'and he scorned'.
בְהִתְנַשֵּׂ֑אlifts upprep + Hithpael inf constr · נָשָׂא (H5375)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
זַ֝מּ֗וֹתָhe schemedQal perf 2ms · זָמַם (H2161)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָמַם (H2161) 'he schemed'.
יָ֣דthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
לְפֶֽהa mouthprep + N com m sg abs · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'a mouth'.
33

כִּ֤י מִ֪יץ חָלָ֡ב י֘וֹצִ֤יא חֶמְאָ֗ה וּֽמִיץ אַ֭ף י֣וֹצִיא דָ֑ם וּמִ֥יץ אַ֝פַּ֗יִם י֣וֹצִיא רִֽיב

Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood: so the forcing of wrath bringeth forth strife.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall bring out'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִ֪יץchurningN c · מִיץ (H4330)Construct chain (genitival)מִיץ (H4330) 'churning'.
חָלָ֡בmilkN c · חָלָב (H2461)Construct chain (genitival)חָלָב (H2461) 'milk'.
י֘וֹצִ֤יאshall bring outHiphil impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'shall bring out'.
חֶמְאָ֗הcurdsN c · חֶמְאָה (H2529)Construct chain (genitival)חֶמְאָה (H2529) 'curds'.
וּֽמִיץandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · מִיץ (H4330)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִיץ (H4330) 'and'.
אַ֭ףthe anger ofparticle · אַף (H639)Particle or relational elementאַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
י֣וֹצִיאshall bring outHiphil impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'shall bring out'.
דָ֑םbloodN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'.
וּמִ֥יץandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מִיץ (H4330)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִיץ (H4330) 'and'.
אַ֝פַּ֗יִםof anger/nostrilsN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'of anger/nostrils'.
י֣וֹצִיאshall bring outHiphil impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'shall bring out'.
רִֽיבdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.