1
אִ֣ישׁ תּ֭וֹכָחוֹת מַקְשֶׁה עֹ֑רֶף פֶּ֥תַע יִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗ר וְאֵ֣ין מַרְפֵּֽא
He, that being often reproved hardeneth neck, shall suddenly be destroyed, and that without remedy.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'it is hard'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
תּ֭וֹכָחוֹתandN c · תּוֹכֵחָה (H8433)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹכֵחָה (H8433) 'and'.
מַקְשֶׁהit is hardHiphil ptc ms · קָשָׁה (H7185)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָשָׁה (H7185) 'it is hard'.
עֹ֑רֶףneckN c · עֹרֶף (H6203)Construct chain (genitival)עֹרֶף (H6203) 'neck'.
פֶּ֥תַעsuddenlyart · פֶּתַע (H6621)Particle or relational elementפֶּתַע (H6621) 'suddenly'.
יִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗רshall be brokenN · שָׁבַר (H7665)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁבַר (H7665) 'shall be broken'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מַרְפֵּֽאhealingN c · מַרְפֵּא (H4832)Construct chain (genitival)מַרְפֵּא (H4832) 'healing'.
2
בִּרְב֣וֹת צַ֭דִּיקִים יִשְׂמַ֣ח הָעָ֑ם וּבִמְשֹׁ֥ל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע יֵאָ֥נַֽח עָֽם
When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice: but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'greatly'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בִּרְב֣וֹתgreatlyprep + Qal inf constr · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
צַ֭דִּיקִיםthe righteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'the righteous'.
יִשְׂמַ֣חand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
הָעָ֑םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
וּבִמְשֹׁ֥לrulingconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · מָשַׁל (H4910)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
רָ֝שָׁ֗עthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
יֵאָ֥נַֽחand they groanedN · אָנַח (H584)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנַח (H584) 'and they groaned'.
עָֽםa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
3
אִֽישׁ אֹהֵ֣ב חָ֭כְמָה יְשַׂמַּ֣ח אָבִ֑יו וְרֹעֶ֥ה ז֝וֹנ֗וֹת יְאַבֶּד הֽוֹן
Whoso loveth wisdom rejoiceth his father: but he that keepeth company with harlots spendeth substance.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'loved'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אִֽישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֹהֵ֣בlovedQal ptc ms · אָהַב (H157)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָהַב (H157) 'loved'.
חָ֭כְמָהwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
יְשַׂמַּ֣חand you shall rejoicePiel impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
אָבִ֑יוhis fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'his father'.
וְרֹעֶ֥הshepherdingconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · רָעָה (H7462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
ז֝וֹנ֗וֹתa prostituteQal ptc fp · זָנָה (H2181)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָנָה (H2181) 'a prostitute'.
יְאַבֶּדyour perishingPiel impf 3ms · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
הֽוֹןenoughN c · הוֹן (H1952)Construct chain (genitival)הוֹן (H1952) 'enough'.
4
מֶ֗לֶךְ בְּ֭מִשְׁפָּט יַעֲמִ֣יד אָ֑רֶץ וְאִ֖ישׁ תְּרוּמ֣וֹת יֶֽהֶרְסֶֽנָּה
The king by judgment establisheth the land: but he that receiveth gifts overthroweth it.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'standing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מֶ֗לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
בְּ֭מִשְׁפָּטin judgmentprep + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'in judgment'.
יַעֲמִ֣ידstandingHiphil impf 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָמַד (H5975) 'standing'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
וְאִ֖ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
תְּרוּמ֣וֹתthe contribution ofN c · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Construct chain (genitival)תְּרוּמָה (H8641) 'the contribution of'.
יֶֽהֶרְסֶֽנָּהyou overthrowQal impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · הָרַס (H2040)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָרַס (H2040) 'you overthrow'.
5
גֶּ֭בֶר מַחֲלִ֣יק עַל רֵעֵ֑הוּ רֶ֝֗שֶׁת פּוֹרֵ֥שׂ עַל פְּעָמָֽיו
A man that flattereth his neighbour spreadeth a net for his feet.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shall be divided'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
גֶּ֭בֶרa manN c · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
מַחֲלִ֣יקshall be dividedHiphil ptc ms · חָלַק (H2505)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָלַק (H2505) 'shall be divided'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רֵעֵ֑הוּhis neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
רֶ֝֗שֶׁתnetwork ofN c · רֶשֶׁת (H7568)Construct chain (genitival)רֶשֶׁת (H7568) 'network of'.
פּוֹרֵ֥שׂand they shall spreadQal ptc ms · פָּרַשׂ (H6566)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּרַשׂ (H6566) 'and they shall spread'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פְּעָמָֽיוtimesN c · פַּעַם (H6471)Construct chain (genitival)פַּעַם (H6471) 'times'.
6
בְּפֶ֤שַֽׁע אִ֣ישׁ רָ֣ע מוֹקֵ֑שׁ וְ֝צַדִּ֗יק יָר֥וּן וְשָׂמֵֽחַ
In the transgression of an evil man a snare: but the righteous does sing and rejoice.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shout for joy'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בְּפֶ֤שַֽׁעand transgressionprep + N com m sg constr · פֶשַע (H6588)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶשַע (H6588) 'and transgression'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
רָ֣עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
מוֹקֵ֑שׁa snareN c · מוֹקֵשׁ (H4170)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹקֵשׁ (H4170) 'a snare'.
וְ֝צַדִּ֗יקand the righteousconj וְ + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'and the righteous'.
יָר֥וּןshout for joyQal impf 3ms · רָנַן (H7442)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָנַן (H7442) 'shout for joy'.
וְשָׂמֵֽחַand he shall gladdenconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Particle or relational elementשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and he shall gladden'.
7
יֹדֵ֣עַ צַ֭דִּיק דִּ֣ין דַּלִּ֑ים רָ֝שָׁ֗ע לֹא יָבִ֥ין דָּֽעַת
The righteous considereth the cause of the poor: the wicked regardeth not to know .
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he knew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יֹדֵ֣עַhe knewQal ptc ms · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
צַ֭דִּיקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
דִּ֣יןa pleaN c · דִּין (H1779)Construct chain (genitival)דִּין (H1779) 'a plea'.
דַּלִּ֑יםpoorAdj · דַּל (H1800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּל (H1800) 'poor'.
רָ֝שָׁ֗עthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָבִ֥יןdiscerningQal impf 3ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
דָּֽעַתknowledgeN c · דַּעַת (H1847)Construct chain (genitival)דַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge'.
8
אַנְשֵׁ֣י לָ֭צוֹן יָפִ֣יחוּ קִרְיָ֑ה וַ֝חֲכָמִ֗ים יָשִׁ֥יבוּ אָֽף
Scornful men bring a city into a snare: but wise turn away wrath.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'blow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַנְשֵׁ֣יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
לָ֭צוֹןscornfulN c · לָצוֹן (H3944)Construct chain (genitival)לָצוֹן (H3944) 'scornful'.
יָפִ֣יחוּblowHiphil impf 3mp · פּוּחַ (H6315)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפּוּחַ (H6315) 'blow'.
קִרְיָ֑הa cityN c · קִרְיָה (H7151)Construct chain (genitival)קִרְיָה (H7151) 'a city'.
וַ֝חֲכָמִ֗יםwise [of]conj וְ + Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
יָשִׁ֥יבוּthey renderHiphil impf 3mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'they render'.
אָֽףthe anger ofN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
9
אִֽישׁ חָכָ֗ם נִ֭שְׁפָּט אֶת אִ֣ישׁ אֱוִ֑יל וְרָגַ֥ז וְ֝שָׂחַ֗ק וְאֵ֣ין נָֽחַת
a wise man contendeth with a foolish man, whether he rage or laugh, no rest.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אִֽישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
חָכָ֗םwise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
נִ֭שְׁפָּטand judgeN · שָׁפַט (H8199)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֱוִ֑ילfoolAdj · אֱוִיל (H191)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱוִיל (H191) 'fool'.
וְרָגַ֥זand shall trembleconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · רָגַז (H7264)Particle or relational elementרָגַז (H7264) 'and shall tremble'.
וְ֝שָׂחַ֗קandconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · שָׂחַק (H7832)Particle or relational elementשָׂחַק (H7832) 'and'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
נָֽחַתandN c · נַחַת (H5183)Construct chain (genitival)נַחַת (H5183) 'and'.
10
אַנְשֵׁ֣י דָ֭מִים יִשְׂנְאוּ תָ֑ם וִֽ֝ישָׁרִ֗ים יְבַקְשׁ֥וּ נַפְשֽׁוֹ
The bloodthirsty hate the upright: but the just seek his soul.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'hating'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַנְשֵׁ֣יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
דָ֭מִיםbloodguiltN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'bloodguilt'.
יִשְׂנְאוּhatingQal impf 3mp · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
תָ֑םblamelessAdj · תָּמִים (H8535)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8535) 'blameless'.
וִֽ֝ישָׁרִ֗יםrightconj וְ + Adj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'right'.
יְבַקְשׁ֥וּseekingPiel impf 3mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
נַפְשֽׁוֹhis soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
11
כָּל ר֭וּחוֹ יוֹצִ֣יא כְסִ֑יל וְ֝חָכָ֗ם בְּאָח֥וֹר יְשַׁבְּחֶֽנָּה
A fool uttereth all his mind: but a wise keepeth it in till afterwards.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall bring out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
ר֭וּחוֹhis spiritN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'his spirit'.
יוֹצִ֣יאshall bring outHiphil impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'shall bring out'.
כְסִ֑ילfoolAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'fool'.
וְ֝חָכָ֗םand wiseconj וְ + Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'and wise'.
בְּאָח֥וֹרbackwardprep + N com m sg abs · אָחוֹר (H268)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָחוֹר (H268) 'backward'.
יְשַׁבְּחֶֽנָּהcommendPiel impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · שָׁבַח (H7623)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁבַח (H7623) 'commend'.
12
מֹ֭שֵׁל מַקְשִׁ֣יב עַל דְּבַר שָׁ֑קֶר כָּֽל מְשָׁרְתָ֥יו רְשָׁעִֽים
If a ruler hearken to lies, all his servants wicked.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'ruling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מֹ֭שֵׁלrulingQal ptc ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
מַקְשִׁ֣יבtoHiphil ptc ms · קָשַׁב (H7181)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָשַׁב (H7181) 'to'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
דְּבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
שָׁ֑קֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
כָּֽלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מְשָׁרְתָ֥יוto ministerPiel ptc mp + sfx 3ms · שָׁרַת (H8334)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁרַת (H8334) 'to minister'.
רְשָׁעִֽיםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
13
רָ֤שׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ תְּכָכִ֣ים נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ מֵ֤אִיר עֵינֵ֖י שְׁנֵיהֶ֣ם יְהוָֽה
The poor and the deceitful man meet together: YHWH lighteneth both their eyes.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'lack'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
רָ֤שׁlackQal ptc ms · רוּשׁ (H7326)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּשׁ (H7326) 'lack'.
וְאִ֣ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
תְּכָכִ֣יםdeceitfulN c · תָּכָךְ (H8501)Construct chain (genitival)תָּכָךְ (H8501) 'deceitful'.
נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּand he met himN · פָּגַשׁ (H6298)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּגַשׁ (H6298) 'and he met him'.
מֵ֤אִירto give lightHiphil ptc ms · אוֹר (H215)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאוֹר (H215) 'to give light'.
עֵינֵ֖יthe eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
שְׁנֵיהֶ֣םboth of themAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'both of them'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
14
מֶ֤לֶךְ שׁוֹפֵ֣ט בֶּֽאֱמֶ֣ת דַּלִּ֑ים כִּ֝סְא֗וֹ לָעַ֥ד יִכּֽוֹן
The king that faithfully judgeth the poor, his throne shall be established for ever.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and judge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מֶ֤לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
שׁוֹפֵ֣טand judgeQal ptc ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
בֶּֽאֱמֶ֣תtrueprep + N com f sg abs · אֱמֶת (H571)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱמֶת (H571) 'true'.
דַּלִּ֑יםpoorAdj · דַּל (H1800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּל (H1800) 'poor'.
כִּ֝סְא֗וֹhis throneN c · כִּסֵּא (H3678)Construct chain (genitival)כִּסֵּא (H3678) 'his throne'.
לָעַ֥דforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עַד (H5703)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַד (H5703) 'forever'.
יִכּֽוֹןreadyN · כּוּן (H3559)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
15
שֵׁ֣בֶט וְ֭תוֹכַחַת יִתֵּ֣ן חָכְמָ֑ה וְנַ֥עַר מְ֝שֻׁלָּ֗ח מֵבִ֥ישׁ אִמּֽוֹ
The rod and reproof give wisdom: but a child left bringeth his mother to shame.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'would give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שֵׁ֣בֶטthe tribe ofN c · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'the tribe of'.
וְ֭תוֹכַחַתandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · תּוֹכֵחָה (H8433)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹכֵחָה (H8433) 'and'.
יִתֵּ֣ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
חָכְמָ֑הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וְנַ֥עַרor the youngconj וְ + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'or the young'.
מְ֝שֻׁלָּ֗חsendingPual ptc ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁלַח (H7971) 'sending'.
מֵבִ֥ישׁwere ashamedHiphil ptc ms · בּוּשׁ (H954)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
אִמּֽוֹhis motherN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'his mother'.
16
בִּרְב֣וֹת רְ֭שָׁעִים יִרְבֶּה פָּ֑שַׁע וְ֝צַדִּיקִ֗ים בְּֽמַפַּלְתָּ֥ם יִרְאֽוּ
When the wicked are multiplied, transgression increaseth: but the righteous shall see their fall.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'greatly'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בִּרְב֣וֹתgreatlyprep + Qal inf constr · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
רְ֭שָׁעִיםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
יִרְבֶּהhe shall multiplyQal impf 3ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבָה (H7235) 'he shall multiply'.
פָּ֑שַׁעtransgression/disputed claimN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'transgression/disputed claim'.
וְ֝צַדִּיקִ֗יםrighteousconj וְ + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
בְּֽמַפַּלְתָּ֥םcarcassprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3mp · מַפֶּלֶת (H4658)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַפֶּלֶת (H4658) 'carcass'.
יִרְאֽוּshall they appearQal impf 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall they appear'.
17
יַסֵּ֣ר בִּ֭נְךָ וִֽינִיחֶ֑ךָ וְיִתֵּ֖ן מַעֲדַנִּ֣ים לְנַפְשֶֽׁךָ
Correct your son, and he shall give you rest; yea, he shall give delight to your soul.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and they discipline'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יַסֵּ֣רand they disciplinePiel impv 2ms · יָסַר (H3256)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָסַר (H3256) 'and they discipline'.
בִּ֭נְךָyour sonN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'your son'.
וִֽינִיחֶ֑ךָgives restconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · נוּחַ (H5117)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנוּחַ (H5117) 'gives rest'.
וְיִתֵּ֖ןand he gaveconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'and he gave'.
מַעֲדַנִּ֣יםdelicacies ofN c · מַעֲדָן (H4574)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲדָן (H4574) 'delicacies of'.
לְנַפְשֶֽׁךָyour soulprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
18
בְּאֵ֣ין חָ֭זוֹן יִפָּ֣רַֽע עָ֑ם וְשֹׁמֵ֖ר תּוֹרָ֣ה אַשְׁרֵֽהוּ
Where no vision, the people perish: but he that keepeth the law, happy he.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and guard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בְּאֵ֣יןthere is notprep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
חָ֭זוֹןvisionN c · חָזוֹן (H2377)Construct chain (genitival)חָזוֹן (H2377) 'vision'.
יִפָּ֣רַֽעhe shall not let looseN · פָּרַע (H6544)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּרַע (H6544) 'he shall not let loose'.
עָ֑םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
וְשֹׁמֵ֖רand guardconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and guard'.
תּוֹרָ֣הa torahN c · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'a torah'.
אַשְׁרֵֽהוּhappy are youN c · אֶשֶׁר (H835)Construct chain (genitival)אֶשֶׁר (H835) 'happy are you'.
19
בִּ֭דְבָרִים לֹא יִוָּ֣סֶר עָ֑בֶד כִּֽי יָ֝בִ֗ין וְאֵ֣ין מַעֲנֶֽה
A servant will not be corrected by words: for though he understand he will not answer.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'discerning'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בִּ֭דְבָרִיםthe words ofprep + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִוָּ֣סֶרand they disciplineN · יָסַר (H3256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָסַר (H3256) 'and they discipline'.
עָ֑בֶדservant ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant of'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָ֝בִ֗יןdiscerningQal impf 3ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מַעֲנֶֽהanswerHiphil ptc ms · מַעֲנֶה (H4617)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמַעֲנֶה (H4617) 'answer'.
20
חָזִ֗יתָ אִ֭ישׁ אָ֣ץ בִּדְבָרָ֑יו תִּקְוָ֖ה לִכְסִ֣יל מִמֶּֽנּוּ
Seest you a man hasty in his words? more hope of a fool than of him.
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he sees/beholds'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
חָזִ֗יתָhe sees/beholdsQal perf 2ms · חָזָה (H2372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָזָה (H2372) 'he sees/beholds'.
אִ֭ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אָ֣ץhastenQal ptc ms · אוּץ (H213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאוּץ (H213) 'hasten'.
בִּדְבָרָ֑יוthe matter ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
תִּקְוָ֖הthe cord ofN c · תִּקְוָה (H8615)Construct chain (genitival)תִּקְוָה (H8615) 'the cord of'.
לִכְסִ֣ילandprep + Adj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'and'.
מִמֶּֽנּוּfrom itprep + sfx 3ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
21
מְפַנֵּ֣ק מִנֹּ֣עַר עַבְדּ֑וֹ וְ֝אַחֲרִית֗וֹ יִהְיֶ֥ה מָנֽוֹן
He that delicately bringeth up his servant from a child shall have him become son at the length.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'bring up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מְפַנֵּ֣קbring upPiel ptc ms · פָּנַק (H6445)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּנַק (H6445) 'bring up'.
מִנֹּ֣עַרfromprep + N com m sg abs · נֹעַר (H5290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֹעַר (H5290) 'from'.
עַבְדּ֑וֹhis servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servant'.
וְ֝אַחֲרִית֗וֹbut his endconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אַחֲרִית (H319)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'but his end'.
יִהְיֶ֥הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
מָנֽוֹןsonN c · מָנוֹן (H4497)Construct chain (genitival)מָנוֹן (H4497) 'son'.
22
אִֽישׁ אַ֭ף יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וּבַ֖עַל חֵמָ֣ה רַב פָּֽשַׁע
An angry man stirreth up strife, and a furious man aboundeth in transgression.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'provoke'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִֽישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אַ֭ףthe anger ofparticle · אַף (H639)Particle or relational elementאַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
יְגָרֶ֣הprovokePiel impf 3ms · גָּרָה (H1624)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּרָה (H1624) 'provoke'.
מָד֑וֹןbrawlingN c · מָדוֹן (H4066)Construct chain (genitival)מָדוֹן (H4066) 'brawling'.
וּבַ֖עַלbut the owner ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּעַל (H1167) 'but the owner of'.
חֵמָ֣הwrathN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'wrath'.
רַבgreatAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'great'.
פָּֽשַׁעtransgression/disputed claimN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'transgression/disputed claim'.
23
גַּאֲוַ֣ת אָ֭דָם תַּשְׁפִּילֶ֑נּוּ וּשְׁפַל ר֝֗וּחַ יִתְמֹ֥ךְ כָּבֽוֹד
A man's pride shall bring him low: but honour shall uphold the humble in spirit.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'abase'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
גַּאֲוַ֣תand in his majestyN c · גַּאֲוָה (H1346)Construct chain (genitival)גַּאֲוָה (H1346) 'and in his majesty'.
אָ֭דָםmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
תַּשְׁפִּילֶ֑נּוּabaseHiphil impf 3fs + sfx 3ms · שָׁפֵל (H8213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפֵל (H8213) 'abase'.
וּשְׁפַלlowerconj וְ + Adj · שָׁפָל (H8217)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁפָל (H8217) 'lower'.
ר֝֗וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
יִתְמֹ֥ךְheld upQal impf 3ms · תָּמַךְ (H8551)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּמַךְ (H8551) 'held up'.
כָּבֽוֹדthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
24
חוֹלֵ֣ק עִם גַּ֭נָּב שׂוֹנֵ֣א נַפְשׁ֑וֹ אָלָ֥ה יִ֝שְׁמַ֗ע וְלֹ֣א יַגִּֽיד
Whoso is partner with a thief hateth his own soul: he heareth cursing, and bewrayeth not.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shall be divided'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
חוֹלֵ֣קshall be dividedQal ptc ms · חָלַק (H2505)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָלַק (H2505) 'shall be divided'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
גַּ֭נָּבthe thiefN c · גַּנָּב (H1590)Construct chain (genitival)גַּנָּב (H1590) 'the thief'.
שׂוֹנֵ֣אhatingQal ptc ms · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
נַפְשׁ֑וֹhis soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
אָלָ֥הan oathN c · אָלָה (H423)Construct chain (genitival)אָלָה (H423) 'an oath'.
יִ֝שְׁמַ֗עwill listen/obeyQal impf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'will listen/obey'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יַגִּֽידhe testifiesHiphil impf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'he testifies'.
25
חֶרְדַּ֣ת אָ֭דָם יִתֵּ֣ן מוֹקֵ֑שׁ וּבוֹטֵ֖חַ בַּיהוָ֣ה יְשֻׂגָּֽב
The fear of man bringeth a snare: but whoso putteth his trust in YHWH shall be safe.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'would give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
חֶרְדַּ֣תtremblingN c · חֲרָדָה (H2731)Construct chain (genitival)חֲרָדָה (H2731) 'trembling'.
אָ֭דָםmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
יִתֵּ֣ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
מוֹקֵ֑שׁa snareN c · מוֹקֵשׁ (H4170)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹקֵשׁ (H4170) 'a snare'.
וּבוֹטֵ֖חַtrustingconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · בָּטַח (H982)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּטַח (H982) 'trusting'.
בַּיהוָ֣הagainst YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'against YHWH'.
יְשֻׂגָּֽבwas too highPual impf 3ms · שָׂגַב (H7682)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂגַב (H7682) 'was too high'.
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רַ֭בִּים מְבַקְשִׁ֣ים פְּנֵי מוֹשֵׁ֑ל וּ֝מֵיְהוָ֗ה מִשְׁפַּט אִֽישׁ
Many seek the ruler's favour; but man's judgment from YHWH.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'seeking'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
רַ֭בִּיםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
מְבַקְשִׁ֣יםseekingPiel ptc mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
פְּנֵיthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
מוֹשֵׁ֑לrulingQal ptc ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
וּ֝מֵיְהוָ֗הYHWHconj וְ + prep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִשְׁפַּטjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
אִֽישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
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תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת צַ֭דִּיקִים אִ֣ישׁ עָ֑וֶל וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת רָשָׁ֣ע יְשַׁר דָּֽרֶךְ
An unjust man an abomination to the just: and upright in the way abomination to the wicked.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
תּוֹעֲבַ֣תan abomination ofN c · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination of'.
צַ֭דִּיקִיםthe righteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'the righteous'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
עָ֑וֶלinjusticeN c · עָוֶל (H5766)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֶל (H5766) 'injustice'.
וְתוֹעֲבַ֖תan abomination ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination of'.
רָשָׁ֣עthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
יְשַׁרrightAdj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'right'.
דָּֽרֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.