1
אַֽל תִּ֭תְהַלֵּל בְּי֣וֹם מָחָ֑ר כִּ֤י לֹא תֵ֝דַ֗ע מַה יֵּ֥לֶד יֽוֹם
Boast not thyself of to morrow; for you knowest not what a day may bring forth.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּ֭תְהַלֵּלand they praisedHithpael jussive 2ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
בְּי֣וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
מָחָ֑רtomorrowN c · מָחָר (H4279)Construct chain (genitival)מָחָר (H4279) 'tomorrow'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תֵ֝דַ֗עyou may knowQal impf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'you may know'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
יֵּ֥לֶדfatheredQal impf 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָלַד (H3205) 'fathered'.
יֽוֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
2
יְהַלֶּלְךָ֣ זָ֣ר וְלֹא פִ֑יךָ נָ֝כְרִ֗י וְאַל שְׂפָתֶֽיךָ
Let another man praise you, and not your own mouth; a stranger, and not your own lips.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יְהַלֶּלְךָ֣and they praisedPiel jussive 3ms + sfx 2ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
זָ֣רan outsiderAdj · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
פִ֑יךָyour mouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'your mouth'.
נָ֝כְרִ֗יforeignAdj · נָכְרִי (H5237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָכְרִי (H5237) 'foreign'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
שְׂפָתֶֽיךָyour lipsN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'your lips'.
3
כֹּֽבֶד אֶ֭בֶן וְנֵ֣טֶל הַח֑וֹל וְכַ֥עַס אֱ֝וִ֗יל כָּבֵ֥ד מִשְּׁנֵיהֶֽם
A stone heavy, and the sand weighty; but a fool's wrath heavier than them both.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כֹּֽבֶדgrievousnessN c · כֹּבֶד (H3514)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּבֶד (H3514) 'grievousness'.
אֶ֭בֶןa stoneN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'a stone'.
וְנֵ֣טֶלandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · נֵטֶל (H5192)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֵטֶל (H5192) 'and'.
הַח֑וֹלlike the sand ofart + N com m sg abs · חוֹל (H2344)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוֹל (H2344) 'like the sand of'.
וְכַ֥עַסthe provocation ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כַּעַס (H3708)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּעַס (H3708) 'the provocation of'.
אֱ֝וִ֗ילfoolAdj · אֱוִיל (H191)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱוִיל (H191) 'fool'.
כָּבֵ֥דsevereAdj · כָּבֵד (H3515)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּבֵד (H3515) 'severe'.
מִשְּׁנֵיהֶֽםtwoprep + Adj c det + sfx 3mp · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
4
אַכְזְרִיּ֣וּת חֵ֭מָה וְשֶׁ֣טֶף אָ֑ף וּמִ֥י יַ֝עֲמֹד לִפְנֵ֥י קִנְאָֽה
Wrath cruel, and anger outrageous; but who able to stand before envy?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall stand'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַכְזְרִיּ֣וּתcruelN c · אַכְזְרִיּוּת (H395)Construct chain (genitival)אַכְזְרִיּוּת (H395) 'cruel'.
חֵ֭מָהwrathN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'wrath'.
וְשֶׁ֣טֶףandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שֶׁטֶף (H7858)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁטֶף (H7858) 'and'.
אָ֑ףthe anger ofN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
וּמִ֥יand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
יַ֝עֲמֹדshall standQal impf 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָמַד (H5975) 'shall stand'.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
קִנְאָֽהjealousyN c · קִנְאָה (H7068)Construct chain (genitival)קִנְאָה (H7068) 'jealousy'.
5
ט֭וֹבָה תּוֹכַ֣חַת מְגֻלָּ֑ה מֵֽאַהֲבָ֥ה מְסֻתָּֽרֶת
Open rebuke better than secret love.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shall you uncover'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ט֭וֹבָהgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
תּוֹכַ֣חַתandN c · תּוֹכֵחָה (H8433)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹכֵחָה (H8433) 'and'.
מְגֻלָּ֑הshall you uncoverPual ptc fs · גָּלָה (H1540)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
מֵֽאַהֲבָ֥הout of the love ofprep + N com f sg abs · אַהֲבָה (H160)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַהֲבָה (H160) 'out of the love of'.
מְסֻתָּֽרֶתI will hidePual ptc fs · סָתַר (H5641)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָתַר (H5641) 'I will hide'.
6
נֶ֭אֱמָנִים פִּצְעֵ֣י אוֹהֵ֑ב וְ֝נַעְתָּר֗וֹת נְשִׁיק֥וֹת שׂוֹנֵֽא
Faithful the wounds of a friend; but the kisses of an enemy deceitful.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'to love'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
נֶ֭אֱמָנִיםfaithfulN · אָמַן (H539)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
פִּצְעֵ֣יwoundN c · פֶּצַע (H6482)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּצַע (H6482) 'wound'.
אוֹהֵ֑בto loveQal ptc ms · אָהַב (H157)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָהַב (H157) 'to love'.
וְ֝נַעְתָּר֗וֹתandconj וְ + Niphal ptc fp · עָתַר (H6280)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָתַר (H6280) 'and'.
נְשִׁיק֥וֹתkissN c · נְשִׁיקָה (H5390)Construct chain (genitival)נְשִׁיקָה (H5390) 'kiss'.
שׂוֹנֵֽאhatingQal ptc ms · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
7
נֶ֣פֶשׁ שְׂ֭בֵעָה תָּב֣וּס נֹ֑פֶת וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ רְ֝עֵבָ֗ה כָּל מַ֥ר מָתֽוֹק
The full soul loatheth an honeycomb; but to the hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'loath'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
נֶ֣פֶשׁa personN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'a person'.
שְׂ֭בֵעָהsated withAdj · שָׂבֵעַ (H7649)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂבֵעַ (H7649) 'sated with'.
תָּב֣וּסloathQal impf 3fs · בּוּס (H947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּס (H947) 'loath'.
נֹ֑פֶתandN c · נֹפֶת (H5317)Construct chain (genitival)נֹפֶת (H5317) 'and'.
וְנֶ֥פֶשׁand persons ofconj וְ + N com c sg abs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'and persons of'.
רְ֝עֵבָ֗הandAdj · רָעֵב (H7457)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָעֵב (H7457) 'and'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מַ֥רof bitternessAdj · מַר (H4751)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַר (H4751) 'of bitterness'.
מָתֽוֹקsweetAdj · מָתוֹק (H4966)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָתוֹק (H4966) 'sweet'.
8
כְּ֭צִפּוֹר נוֹדֶ֣דֶת מִן קִנָּ֑הּ כֵּֽן אִ֝֗ישׁ נוֹדֵ֥ד מִמְּקוֹמֽוֹ
As a bird that wandereth from her nest, so a man that wandereth from his place.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and fled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כְּ֭צִפּוֹרthe birdprep + N com c sg abs · צִפּוֹר (H6833)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִפּוֹר (H6833) 'the bird'.
נוֹדֶ֣דֶתand fledQal ptc fs · נָדַד (H5074)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָדַד (H5074) 'and fled'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
קִנָּ֑הּa nest ofN c · קֵן (H7064)Construct chain (genitival)קֵן (H7064) 'a nest of'.
כֵּֽןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אִ֝֗ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
נוֹדֵ֥דand fledQal ptc ms · נָדַד (H5074)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָדַד (H5074) 'and fled'.
מִמְּקוֹמֽוֹfrom its placeprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'from its place'.
9
שֶׁ֣מֶן וּ֭קְטֹרֶת יְשַׂמַּֽח לֵ֑ב וּמֶ֥תֶק רֵ֝עֵ֗הוּ מֵֽעֲצַת נָֽפֶשׁ
Ointment and perfume rejoice the heart: so the sweetness of a man's friend by hearty counsel.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שֶׁ֣מֶןthe oil ofN c · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'the oil of'.
וּ֭קְטֹרֶתand the incense ofconj וְ + N com f sg abs · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קְטֹרֶת (H7004) 'and the incense of'.
יְשַׂמַּֽחand you shall rejoicePiel impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
לֵ֑בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
וּמֶ֥תֶקandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · מֶתֶק (H4986)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶתֶק (H4986) 'and'.
רֵ֝עֵ֗הוּhis neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
מֵֽעֲצַתcounselprep + N com f sg constr · עֵצָה (H6098)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵצָה (H6098) 'counsel'.
נָֽפֶשׁa personN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'a person'.
10
רֵֽעֲךָ֨ ורעה וְרֵ֪עַ אָבִ֡יךָ אַֽל תַּעֲזֹ֗ב וּבֵ֥ית אָחִ֗יךָ אַל תָּ֭בוֹא בְּי֣וֹם אֵידֶ֑ךָ ט֥וֹב שָׁכֵ֥ן קָ֝ר֗וֹב מֵאָ֥ח רָחֽוֹק
Your own friend, and your father's friend, forsake not; neither go into your brother's house in the day of your calamity: better a neighbour near than a brother far off.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall leave'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
רֵֽעֲךָ֨your neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'your neighbor'.
ורעהfriendconj וְ + N com m sg constr · רֵעֶה (H7463)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵעֶה (H7463) 'friend'.
וְרֵ֪עַhis neighborconj וְ + N com m sg constr · רֵעַ (H7453)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
אָבִ֡יךָyour fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'your father'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּעֲזֹ֗בyou shall leaveQal jussive 2ms · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָזַב (H5800) 'you shall leave'.
וּבֵ֥יתand the house ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'and the house of'.
אָחִ֗יךָyour brotherN c · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251) 'your brother'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תָּ֭בוֹאyou comeQal jussive 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
בְּי֣וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
אֵידֶ֑ךָtheir calamityN c · אֵיד (H343)Construct chain (genitival)אֵיד (H343) 'their calamity'.
ט֥וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
שָׁכֵ֥ןtheir neighborsAdj · שָׁכֵן (H7934)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁכֵן (H7934) 'their neighbors'.
קָ֝ר֗וֹבnearAdj · קָרוֹב (H7138)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרוֹב (H7138) 'near'.
מֵאָ֥חhis brothersprep + N com m sg abs · אָח (H251)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָח (H251) 'his brothers'.
רָחֽוֹקfar, distantAdj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'far, distant'.
11
חֲכַ֣ם בְּ֭נִי וְשַׂמַּ֣ח לִבִּ֑י וְאָשִׁ֖יבָה חֹרְפִ֣י דָבָֽר
My son, be wise, and make my heart glad, that I may answer him that reproacheth me.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'they were wise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
חֲכַ֣םthey were wiseQal impv 2ms · חָכַם (H2449)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָכַם (H2449) 'they were wise'.
בְּ֭נִיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
וְשַׂמַּ֣חand he shall gladdenconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and he shall gladden'.
לִבִּ֑יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
וְאָשִׁ֖יבָהand he returnedconj וְ + Hiphil cohortative 1cs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
חֹרְפִ֣יthat scornedQal ptc ms + sfx 1cs · חָרַף (H2778)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָרַף (H2778) 'that scorned'.
דָבָֽרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
12
עָר֤וּם רָאָ֣ה רָעָ֣ה נִסְתָּ֑ר פְּ֝תָאיִ֗ם עָבְר֥וּ נֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ
A prudent foreseeth the evil, hideth himself; the simple pass on, are punished.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'see'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עָר֤וּםcraftyAdj · עָרוּם (H6175)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָרוּם (H6175) 'crafty'.
רָאָ֣הseeQal perf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
רָעָ֣הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
נִסְתָּ֑רwe are hiddenN · סָתַר (H5641)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָתַר (H5641) 'we are hidden'.
פְּ֝תָאיִ֗םandN c · פְּתִי (H6612)Construct chain (genitival)פְּתִי (H6612) 'and'.
עָבְר֥וּcross overQal perf 3cp · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַר (H5674) 'cross over'.
נֶעֱנָֽשׁוּand they shall fineN · עָנַשׁ (H6064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנַשׁ (H6064) 'and they shall fine'.
13
קַח בִּ֭גְדוֹ כִּי עָ֣רַב זָ֑ר וּבְעַ֖ד נָכְרִיָּ֣ה חַבְלֵֽהוּ
Take his garment that is surety for a stranger, and take a pledge of him for a strange woman.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'take'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
קַחtakeQal impv 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלָקַח (H3947) 'take'.
בִּ֭גְדוֹhis garmentN c · בֶּגֶד (H899)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'his garment'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עָ֣רַבbecame suretyQal perf 3ms · עָרַב (H6148)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָרַב (H6148) 'became surety'.
זָ֑רan outsiderAdj · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
וּבְעַ֖דand forconj וְ + prep · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'and for'.
נָכְרִיָּ֣הforeignAdj · נָכְרִי (H5237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָכְרִי (H5237) 'foreign'.
חַבְלֵֽהוּhe shall take in pledgeQal impv 2ms + sfx 3ms · חָבַל (H2254)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָבַל (H2254) 'he shall take in pledge'.
14
מְבָ֘רֵ֤ךְ רֵעֵ֨הוּ בְּק֣וֹל גָּ֭דוֹל בַּבֹּ֣קֶר הַשְׁכֵּ֑ים קְ֝לָלָ֗ה תֵּחָ֥שֶׁב לֽוֹ
He that blesseth his friend with a loud voice, rising early in the morning, it shall be counted a curse to him.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'blessed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
מְבָ֘רֵ֤ךְblessedPiel ptc ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'blessed'.
רֵעֵ֨הוּhis neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
בְּק֣וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg abs · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
גָּ֭דוֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
בַּבֹּ֣קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
הַשְׁכֵּ֑יםand he rose earlyHiphil inf abs · שָׁכַם (H7925)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionשָׁכַם (H7925) 'and he rose early'.
קְ֝לָלָ֗הa curseN c · קְלָלָה (H7045)Construct chain (genitival)קְלָלָה (H7045) 'a curse'.
תֵּחָ֥שֶׁבis countedN · חָשַׁב (H2803)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָשַׁב (H2803) 'is counted'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
15
דֶּ֣לֶף ט֭וֹרֵד בְּי֣וֹם סַגְרִ֑יר וְאֵ֥שֶׁת מדונים מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים נִשְׁתָּוָֽה
A continual dropping in a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'continual'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
דֶּ֣לֶףdroppingN c · דֶּלֶף (H1812)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּלֶף (H1812) 'dropping'.
ט֭וֹרֵדcontinualQal ptc ms · טָרַד (H2956)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorטָרַד (H2956) 'continual'.
בְּי֣וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
סַגְרִ֑ירvery rainyN c · סַגְרִיד (H5464)Construct chain (genitival)סַגְרִיד (H5464) 'very rainy'.
וְאֵ֥שֶׁתand the wife ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'and the wife of'.
מדוניםbrawlingN c · מָדוֹן (H4066)Construct chain (genitival)מָדוֹן (H4066) 'brawling'.
מִ֝דְיָנִ֗יםbrawlingN c · מִדְיָן (H4079)Construct chain (genitival)מִדְיָן (H4079) 'brawling'.
נִשְׁתָּוָֽהavailD perf 3fs · שָׁוָה (H7737)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁוָה (H7737) 'avail'.
16
צֹפְנֶ֥יהָ צָֽפַן ר֑וּחַ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן יְמִינ֣וֹ יִקְרָֽא
Whosoever hideth her hideth the wind, and the ointment of his right hand, bewrayeth .
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and she hid him'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
צֹפְנֶ֥יהָand she hid himQal ptc mp + sfx 3fs · צָפַן (H6845)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָפַן (H6845) 'and she hid him'.
צָֽפַןand she hid himQal perf 3ms · צָפַן (H6845)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצָפַן (H6845) 'and she hid him'.
ר֑וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
וְשֶׁ֖מֶןand oilconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'and oil'.
יְמִינ֣וֹhis rightN c · יָמִין (H3225)Construct chain (genitival)יָמִין (H3225) 'his right'.
יִקְרָֽאshall be calledQal impf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'shall be called'.
17
בַּרְזֶ֣ל בְּבַרְזֶ֣ל יָ֑חַד וְ֝אִ֗ישׁ יַ֣חַד פְּנֵֽי רֵעֵֽהוּ
Iron sharpeneth iron; so a man sharpeneth the countenance of his friend.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'be fierce'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בַּרְזֶ֣לironN c · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Construct chain (genitival)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'iron'.
בְּבַרְזֶ֣לironprep + N com m sg abs · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'iron'.
יָ֑חַדbe fierceHiphil impf 3ms · חָדַד (H2300)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָדַד (H2300) 'be fierce'.
וְ֝אִ֗ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
יַ֣חַדbe fierceHiphil impf 3ms · חָדַד (H2300)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָדַד (H2300) 'be fierce'.
פְּנֵֽיthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
רֵעֵֽהוּhis neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
18
נֹצֵ֣ר תְּ֭אֵנָה יֹאכַ֣ל פִּרְיָ֑הּ וְשֹׁמֵ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣יו יְכֻבָּֽד
Whoso keepeth the fig tree shall eat the fruit thereof: so he that waiteth on his master shall be honoured.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'keeping'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
נֹצֵ֣רkeepingQal ptc ms · נָצַר (H5341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַר (H5341) 'keeping'.
תְּ֭אֵנָהfigN c · תְּאֵנָה (H8384)Construct chain (genitival)תְּאֵנָה (H8384) 'fig'.
יֹאכַ֣לshall eatQal impf 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'shall eat'.
פִּרְיָ֑הּits fruitN c · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival)פְּרִי (H6529) 'its fruit'.
וְשֹׁמֵ֖רand guardconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and guard'.
אֲדֹנָ֣יוhis masterN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'his master'.
יְכֻבָּֽדand he hardenedPual impf 3ms · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּבֵד (H3513) 'and he hardened'.
19
כַּ֭מַּיִם הַפָּנִ֣ים לַפָּנִ֑ים כֵּ֤ן לֵֽב הָ֝אָדָ֗ם לָאָדָֽם
As in water face to face, so the heart of man to man.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כַּ֭מַּיִםlike waterprep + art + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'like water'.
הַפָּנִ֣יםthe Presenceart + N com c pl abs · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the Presence'.
לַפָּנִ֑יםformerlyprep + art + N com c pl abs · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'formerly'.
כֵּ֤ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
לֵֽבthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
הָ֝אָדָ֗םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
לָאָדָֽםto manprep + art + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'to man'.
20
שְׁא֣וֹל ואבדה וַ֭אֲבַדּוֹ לֹ֣א תִשְׂבַּ֑עְנָה וְעֵינֵ֥י הָ֝אָדָ֗ם לֹ֣א תִשְׂבַּֽעְנָה
Hell and destruction are never full; so the eyes of man are never satisfied.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and be satisfied'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
שְׁא֣וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
ואבדהandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אֲבַדֹּה (H10)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבַדֹּה (H10) 'and'.
וַ֭אֲבַדּוֹandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אֲבַדֹּה (H10)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבַדֹּה (H10) 'and'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תִשְׂבַּ֑עְנָהand be satisfiedQal impf 3fp · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
וְעֵינֵ֥יand eyes ofconj וְ + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'and eyes of'.
הָ֝אָדָ֗םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תִשְׂבַּֽעְנָהand be satisfiedQal impf 3fp · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
21
מַצְרֵ֣ף לַ֭כֶּסֶף וְכ֣וּר לַזָּהָ֑ב וְ֝אִ֗ישׁ לְפִ֣י מַהֲלָלֽוֹ
the fining pot for silver, and the furnace for gold; so a man to his praise.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מַצְרֵ֣ףfining potN c · מִצְרֵף (H4715)Construct chain (genitival)מִצְרֵף (H4715) 'fining pot'.
לַ֭כֶּסֶףsilverprep + art + N com m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
וְכ֣וּרfrom the furnace ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · כּוּר (H3564)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּר (H3564) 'from the furnace of'.
לַזָּהָ֑בgoldprep + art + N com m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'.
וְ֝אִ֗ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
לְפִ֣יwith the edge ofprep + N com m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'with the edge of'.
מַהֲלָלֽוֹpraiseN c · מַהֲלָל (H4110)Construct chain (genitival)מַהֲלָל (H4110) 'praise'.
22
אִ֥ם תִּכְתּֽוֹשׁ אֶת הָאֱוִ֨יל בַּֽמַּכְתֵּ֡שׁ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָ֭רִיפוֹת בַּֽעֱלִ֑י לֹא תָס֥וּר מֵ֝עָלָ֗יו אִוַּלְתּֽוֹ
Though you shouldest bray a fool in a mortar among wheat with a pestle, will not his foolishness depart from him.
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'bray'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אִ֥םifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תִּכְתּֽוֹשׁbrayQal impf 2ms · כָּתַשׁ (H3806)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּתַשׁ (H3806) 'bray'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָאֱוִ֨ילfoolart + Adj · אֱוִיל (H191)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱוִיל (H191) 'fool'.
בַּֽמַּכְתֵּ֡שׁhollowprep + art + N com m sg abs · מַכְתֵּשׁ (H4388)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַכְתֵּשׁ (H4388) 'hollow'.
בְּת֣וֹךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
הָ֭רִיפוֹתground cornart + N com f pl abs · רִיפָה (H7383)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִיפָה (H7383) 'ground corn'.
בַּֽעֱלִ֑יinprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֱלִי (H5940)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֱלִי (H5940) 'in'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תָס֥וּרyou shall turn asideQal impf 3fs · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסוּר (H5493) 'you shall turn aside'.
מֵ֝עָלָ֗יוfrom upon himprep + prep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from upon him'.
אִוַּלְתּֽוֹfollyN c · אִוֶּלֶת (H200)Construct chain (genitival)אִוֶּלֶת (H200) 'folly'.
23
יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּ֭דַע פְּנֵ֣י צֹאנֶ֑ךָ שִׁ֥ית לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַעֲדָרִֽים
Be you diligent to know the state of your flocks, look well to your herds.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'he knew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יָדֹ֣עַhe knewQal inf abs · יָדַע (H3045)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
תֵּ֭דַעyou may knowQal jussive 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָדַע (H3045) 'you may know'.
פְּנֵ֣יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
צֹאנֶ֑ךָyour flockN c · צֹאן (H6629)Construct chain (genitival)צֹאן (H6629) 'your flock'.
שִׁ֥יתis imposedQal impv 2ms · שִׁית (H7896)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשִׁית (H7896) 'is imposed'.
לִ֝בְּךָ֗your heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
לַעֲדָרִֽיםdroveprep + N com m pl abs · עֵדֶר (H5739)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵדֶר (H5739) 'drove'.
24
כִּ֤י לֹ֣א לְעוֹלָ֣ם חֹ֑סֶן וְאִם נֵ֝֗זֶר לְד֣וֹר דור וָדֽוֹר
For riches not for ever: and does the crown to every generation?
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לְעוֹלָ֣םforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
חֹ֑סֶןrichesN c · חֹסֶן (H2633)Construct chain (genitival)חֹסֶן (H2633) 'riches'.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
נֵ֝֗זֶרthe consecration ofN c · נֵזֶר (H5145)Construct chain (genitival)נֵזֶר (H5145) 'the consecration of'.
לְד֣וֹרthroughout your generationsprep + N com m sg abs · דּוֹר (H1755)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דּוֹר (H1755) 'throughout your generations'.
דורgenerationN c · דּוֹר (H1755)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'.
וָדֽוֹרand generationconj וְ + N com m sg abs · דּוֹר (H1755)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דּוֹר (H1755) 'and generation'.
25
גָּלָ֣ה חָ֭צִיר וְנִרְאָה דֶ֑שֶׁא וְ֝נֶאֶסְפ֗וּ עִשְּׂב֥וֹת הָרִֽים
The hay appeareth, and the tender grass sheweth itself, and herbs of the mountains are gathered.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he has uncovered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
גָּלָ֣הhe has uncoveredQal perf 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'he has uncovered'.
חָ֭צִירthe leeksN c · חָצִיר (H2682)Construct chain (genitival)חָצִיר (H2682) 'the leeks'.
וְנִרְאָהand we shall seeconj וְ + Niphal perf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'and we shall see'.
דֶ֑שֶׁאvegetationN c · דֶּשֶׁא (H1877)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּשֶׁא (H1877) 'vegetation'.
וְ֝נֶאֶסְפ֗וּwhen they gatheredconj וְ + Niphal perf 3cp · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָסַף (H622) 'when they gathered'.
עִשְּׂב֥וֹתplant ofN c · עֵשֶׂב (H6212)Construct chain (genitival)עֵשֶׂב (H6212) 'plant of'.
הָרִֽיםhillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
26
כְּבָשִׂ֥ים לִלְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ וּמְחִ֥יר שָׂ֝דֶ֗ה עַתּוּדִֽים
The lambs for your clothing, and the goats the price of the field.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
כְּבָשִׂ֥יםlambsN c · כֶבֶשׂ (H3532)Construct chain (genitival)כֶבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lambs'.
לִלְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָhis garmentprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · לְבוּשׁ (H3830)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְבוּשׁ (H3830) 'his garment'.
וּמְחִ֥ירor the price ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · מְחִיר (H4242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְחִיר (H4242) 'or the price of'.
שָׂ֝דֶ֗הthe field ofN c · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field of'.
עַתּוּדִֽיםhe-goatsN c · עַתּוּד (H6260)Construct chain (genitival)עַתּוּד (H6260) 'he-goats'.
27
וְדֵ֤י חֲלֵ֬ב עִזִּ֗ים לְֽ֭לַחְמְךָ לְלֶ֣חֶם בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ וְ֝חַיִּ֗ים לְנַעֲרוֹתֶֽיךָ
And goats' milk enough for your food, for the food of your household, and the maintenance for your maidens.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְדֵ֤יthan enough forconj וְ + N com m sg constr · דַּי (H1767)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּי (H1767) 'than enough for'.
חֲלֵ֬בmilkN c · חָלָב (H2461)Construct chain (genitival)חָלָב (H2461) 'milk'.
עִזִּ֗יםgoatsN c · עֵז (H5795)Construct chain (genitival)עֵז (H5795) 'goats'.
לְֽ֭לַחְמְךָbreadprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · לֶחֶם (H3899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
לְלֶ֣חֶםfor breadprep + N com c sg constr · לֶחֶם (H3899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'for bread'.
בֵּיתֶ֑ךָyour houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'your house'.
וְ֝חַיִּ֗יםaliveconj וְ + N com m pl abs · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
לְנַעֲרוֹתֶֽיךָthe girlprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 2ms · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.