1
כִּֽי תֵ֭שֵׁב לִלְח֣וֹם אֶת מוֹשֵׁ֑ל בִּ֥ין תָּ֝בִ֗ין אֶת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְפָנֶֽיךָ
When you sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what before you:
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'she shall remain'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תֵ֭שֵׁבshe shall remainQal impf 2ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'she shall remain'.
לִלְח֣וֹםto fightprep + Qal inf constr · לָחַם (H3898)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָחַם (H3898) 'to fight'.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
מוֹשֵׁ֑לrulingQal ptc ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
בִּ֥יןdiscerningQal inf abs · בִּין (H995)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
תָּ֝בִ֗יןdiscerningQal jussive 2ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לְפָנֶֽיךָbefore youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before you'.
2
וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ שַׂכִּ֣ין בְּלֹעֶ֑ךָ אִם בַּ֖עַל נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָֽתָּה
And put a knife to your throat, if you a man given to appetite.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and you shall put'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְשַׂמְתָּ֣and you shall putconj וְ + Qal perf 2ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'and you shall put'.
שַׂכִּ֣יןknifeN c · שַׂכִּין (H7915)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂכִּין (H7915) 'knife'.
בְּלֹעֶ֑ךָinprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · לֹעַ (H3930)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֹעַ (H3930) 'in'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
בַּ֖עַלa husbandN c · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167) 'a husband'.
נֶ֣פֶשׁa personN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'a person'.
אָֽתָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
3
אַל תִּ֭תְאָו לְמַטְעַמּוֹתָ֑יו וְ֝ה֗וּא לֶ֣חֶם כְּזָבִֽים
Be not desirous of his dainties: for they deceitful meat.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'desires'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּ֭תְאָוdesiresHithpael jussive 2ms · אָוָה (H183)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָוָה (H183) 'desires'.
לְמַטְעַמּוֹתָ֑יוsavory foodprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · מַטְעַם (H4303)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַטְעַם (H4303) 'savory food'.
וְ֝ה֗וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
לֶ֣חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
כְּזָבִֽיםdeceitfulN c · כָּזָב (H3577)Construct chain (genitival)כָּזָב (H3577) 'deceitful'.
4
אַל תִּיגַ֥ע לְֽהַעֲשִׁ֑יר מִֽבִּינָתְךָ֥ חֲדָֽל
Labour not to be rich: cease from your own wisdom.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'weary'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּיגַ֥עwearyQal jussive 2ms · יָגַע (H3021)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָגַע (H3021) 'weary'.
לְֽהַעֲשִׁ֑ירmade richprep + Hiphil inf constr · עָשַׁר (H6238)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשַׁר (H6238) 'made rich'.
מִֽבִּינָתְךָ֥and your understandingprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · בִּינָה (H998)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּינָה (H998) 'and your understanding'.
חֲדָֽלhad ceasedQal impv 2ms · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָדַל (H2308) 'had ceased'.
5
התעוף הֲתָ֤עִיף עֵינֶ֥יךָ בּ֗וֹ וְֽאֵ֫ינֶ֥נּוּ כִּ֤י עָשֹׂ֣ה יַעֲשֶׂה לּ֣וֹ כְנָפַ֑יִם כְּ֝נֶ֗שֶׁר ועיף יָע֥וּף הַשָּׁמָֽיִם
Wilt you set your eyes upon that which is not? for certainly make themselves wings; they fly away as an eagle toward heaven.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and exhausted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
התעוףand exhaustedinterrog. + Qal impf 2ms · עוּף (H5774)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעוּף (H5774) 'and exhausted'.
הֲתָ֤עִיףand exhaustedinterrog. + Hiphil impf 2ms · עוּף (H5774)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעוּף (H5774) 'and exhausted'.
עֵינֶ֥יךָyour eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'your eyes'.
בּ֗וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וְֽאֵ֫ינֶ֥נּוּand he was notconj וְ + neg. + sfx 3ms · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and he was not'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עָשֹׂ֣הhe didQal inf abs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
יַעֲשֶׂהhe shall doQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
לּ֣וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
כְנָפַ֑יִםwingsN c · כָּנָף (H3671)Construct chain (genitival)כָּנָף (H3671) 'wings'.
כְּ֝נֶ֗שֶׁרlike an eagleprep + N com m sg abs · נֶשֶׁר (H5404)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶשֶׁר (H5404) 'like an eagle'.
ועיףand exhaustedconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · עוּף (H5774)Particle or relational elementעוּף (H5774) 'and exhausted'.
יָע֥וּףand exhaustedQal impf 3ms · עוּף (H5774)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעוּף (H5774) 'and exhausted'.
הַשָּׁמָֽיִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
6
אַל תִּלְחַ֗ם אֶת לֶ֭חֶם רַ֣ע עָ֑יִן וְאַל תתאו תִּ֝תְאָ֗יו לְמַטְעַמֹּתָֽיו
Eat you not the bread of an evil eye, neither desire you his dainty meats:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'to fight'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּלְחַ֗םto fightQal jussive 2ms · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalלָחַם (H3898) 'to fight'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
לֶ֭חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
רַ֣עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
עָ֑יִןeyeN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'eye'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תתאוdesiresHithpael jussive 2ms · אָוָה (H183)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָוָה (H183) 'desires'.
תִּ֝תְאָ֗יוdesiresHithpael jussive 2ms · אָוָה (H183)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָוָה (H183) 'desires'.
לְמַטְעַמֹּתָֽיוsavory foodprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · מַטְעַם (H4303)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַטְעַם (H4303) 'savory food'.
7
כִּ֤י כְּמוֹ שָׁעַ֥ר בְּנַפְשׁ֗וֹ כֶּ֫ן ה֥וּא אֱכֹ֣ל וּ֭שְׁתֵה יֹ֣אמַר לָ֑ךְ וְ֝לִבּ֗וֹ בַּל עִמָּֽךְ
For as he thinketh in his heart, so he: Eat and drink, says he to you; but his heart not with you.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'think'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כְּמוֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
שָׁעַ֥רthinkQal perf 3ms · שָׁעַר (H8176)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁעַר (H8176) 'think'.
בְּנַפְשׁ֗וֹto his lifeprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'to his life'.
כֶּ֫ןsoart · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
ה֥וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
אֱכֹ֣לeatsQal impv 2ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָכַל (H398) 'eats'.
וּ֭שְׁתֵהand ... will drinkconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁתָה (H8354) 'and ... will drink'.
יֹ֣אמַרhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
לָ֑ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
וְ֝לִבּ֗וֹhis heartconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
עִמָּֽךְwith youprep + sfx 2fs · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with you'.
8
פִּֽתְּךָ אָכַ֥לְתָּ תְקִיאֶ֑נָּה וְ֝שִׁחַ֗תָּ דְּבָרֶ֥יךָ הַנְּעִימִֽים
The morsel you have eaten shall you vomit up, and lose your sweet words.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'devouring'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
פִּֽתְּךָmorsel ofN c · פַּת (H6595)Construct chain (genitival)פַּת (H6595) 'morsel of'.
אָכַ֥לְתָּdevouringQal perf 2ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'devouring'.
תְקִיאֶ֑נָּהand vomited outHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 3fs · קִיא (H6958)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקִיא (H6958) 'and vomited out'.
וְ֝שִׁחַ֗תָּhe wasted itconj וְ + Piel q 2ms · שָׁחַת (H7843)Particle or relational elementשָׁחַת (H7843) 'he wasted it'.
דְּבָרֶ֥יךָyour wordsN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'your words'.
הַנְּעִימִֽיםandart + Adj · נָעִים (H5273)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָעִים (H5273) 'and'.
9
בְּאָזְנֵ֣י כְ֭סִיל אַל תְּדַבֵּ֑ר כִּֽי יָ֝ב֗וּז לְשֵׂ֣כֶל מִלֶּֽיךָ
Speak not in the ears of a fool: for he will despise the wisdom of your words.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall speak'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בְּאָזְנֵ֣יin the ears ofprep + N com f du constr · אֹזֶן (H241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
כְ֭סִילfoolAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'fool'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּדַבֵּ֑רyou shall speakPiel jussive 2ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'you shall speak'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָ֝ב֗וּזcontemnQal impf 3ms · בּוּז (H936)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּז (H936) 'contemn'.
לְשֵׂ֣כֶלdiscretionprep + N com m sg constr · שֶׂכֶל (H7922)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׂכֶל (H7922) 'discretion'.
מִלֶּֽיךָwith wordsN c · מִלָּה (H4405)Construct chain (genitival)מִלָּה (H4405) 'with words'.
10
אַל תַּ֭סֵּג גְּב֣וּל עוֹלָ֑ם וּבִשְׂדֵ֥י יְ֝תוֹמִ֗ים אַל תָּבֹֽא
Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall move'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּ֭סֵּגyou shall moveHiphil jussive 2ms · נָסַג (H5253)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָסַג (H5253) 'you shall move'.
גְּב֣וּלthe border ofN c · גְּבוּל (H1366)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'the border of'.
עוֹלָ֑םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
וּבִשְׂדֵ֥יthe fieldconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field'.
יְ֝תוֹמִ֗יםand the orphanN c · יָתוֹם (H3490)Construct chain (genitival)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'and the orphan'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תָּבֹֽאyou comeQal jussive 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
11
כִּֽי גֹאֲלָ֥ם חָזָ֑ק הֽוּא יָרִ֖יב אֶת רִיבָ֣ם אִתָּֽךְ
For their redeemer mighty; he shall plead their cause with you.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the avenger of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גֹאֲלָ֥םthe avenger ofQal ptc ms + sfx 3mp · גָּאַל (H1350)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּאַל (H1350) 'the avenger of'.
חָזָ֑קstrongAdj · חָזָק (H2389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָזָק (H2389) 'strong'.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
יָרִ֖יבand quarreledQal impf 3ms · רִיב (H7378)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרִיב (H7378) 'and quarreled'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
רִיבָ֣םdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
אִתָּֽךְwith youprep + sfx 2fs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with you'.
12
הָבִ֣יאָה לַמּוּסָ֣ר לִבֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝אָזְנֶ֗ךָ לְאִמְרֵי דָֽעַת
Apply your heart to instruction, and your ears to the words of knowledge.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'bring'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הָבִ֣יאָהbringHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935) 'bring'.
לַמּוּסָ֣רthe discipline ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מוּסָר (H4148)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוּסָר (H4148) 'the discipline of'.
לִבֶּ֑ךָyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
וְ֝אָזְנֶ֗ךָin the ears ofconj וְ + N com f du constr + sfx 2ms · אֹזֶן (H241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
לְאִמְרֵיthe words ofprep + N com m pl constr · אֵמֶר (H561)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵמֶר (H561) 'the words of'.
דָֽעַתknowledgeN c · דַּעַת (H1847)Construct chain (genitival)דַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge'.
13
אַל תִּמְנַ֣ע מִנַּ֣עַר מוּסָ֑ר כִּֽי תַכֶּ֥נּוּ בַ֝שֵּׁ֗בֶט לֹ֣א יָמֽוּת
Withhold not correction from the child: for you beatest him with the rod, he shall not die.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'be held back'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּמְנַ֣עbe held backQal jussive 2ms · מָנַע (H4513)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalמָנַע (H4513) 'be held back'.
מִנַּ֣עַרfrom young manprep + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'from young man'.
מוּסָ֑רthe discipline ofN c · מוּסָר (H4148)Construct chain (genitival)מוּסָר (H4148) 'the discipline of'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תַכֶּ֥נּוּand he struckHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
בַ֝שֵּׁ֗בֶטwith a rodprep + art + N com m sg abs · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'with a rod'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָמֽוּתhe dieQal impf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'he die'.
14
אַ֭תָּה בַּשֵּׁ֣בֶט תַּכֶּ֑נּוּ וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ מִשְּׁא֥וֹל תַּצִּֽיל
You shall beat him with the rod, and shall deliver his soul from hell.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he struck'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אַ֭תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
בַּשֵּׁ֣בֶטwith a rodprep + art + N com m sg abs · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'with a rod'.
תַּכֶּ֑נּוּand he struckHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹand his lifeconj וְ + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'and his life'.
מִשְּׁא֥וֹלSheolprep + N proper · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
תַּצִּֽילhas deliveredHiphil impf 2ms · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצַל (H5337) 'has delivered'.
15
בְּ֭נִי אִם חָכַ֣ם לִבֶּ֑ךָ יִשְׂמַ֖ח לִבִּ֣י גַם אָֽנִי
My son, if your heart be wise, my heart shall rejoice, even mine.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they were wise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בְּ֭נִיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
חָכַ֣םthey were wiseQal perf 3ms · חָכַם (H2449)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָכַם (H2449) 'they were wise'.
לִבֶּ֑ךָyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
יִשְׂמַ֖חand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
לִבִּ֣יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
גַםalsoart · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אָֽנִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
16
וְתַעְלֹ֥זְנָה כִלְיוֹתָ֑י בְּדַבֵּ֥ר שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗יךָ מֵישָׁרִֽים
Yea, my reins shall rejoice, when your lips speak right things.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'be joyful'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וְתַעְלֹ֥זְנָהbe joyfulconj וְ + Qal impf 3fp · עָלַז (H5937)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלַז (H5937) 'be joyful'.
כִלְיוֹתָ֑יthe kidneysN c · כִּלְיָה (H3629)Construct chain (genitival)כִּלְיָה (H3629) 'the kidneys'.
בְּדַבֵּ֥רwhile spokeprep + Piel inf constr · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'while spoke'.
שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗יךָyour lipsN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'your lips'.
מֵישָׁרִֽיםagreementN c · מֵישָׁר (H4339)Construct chain (genitival)מֵישָׁר (H4339) 'agreement'.
17
אַל יְקַנֵּ֣א לִ֭בְּךָ בַּֽחַטָּאִ֑ים כִּ֥י אִם בְּיִרְאַת יְ֝הוָ֗ה כָּל הַיּֽוֹם
Let not your heart envy sinners: but in the fear of YHWH all the day long.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and he is jealous of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
יְקַנֵּ֣אand he is jealous ofPiel jussive 3ms · קָנָא (H7065)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalקָנָא (H7065) 'and he is jealous of'.
לִ֭בְּךָyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
בַּֽחַטָּאִ֑יםsinfulprep + art + Adj · חַטָּא (H2400)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַטָּא (H2400) 'sinful'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
בְּיִרְאַתfear ofprep + N com f sg constr · יִרְאָה (H3374)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִרְאָה (H3374) 'fear of'.
יְ֝הוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַיּֽוֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
18
כִּ֭י אִם יֵ֣שׁ אַחֲרִ֑ית וְ֝תִקְוָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִכָּרֵֽת
For surely there is an end; and your expectation shall not be cut off.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּ֭יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יֵ֣שׁthere isadv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'there is'.
אַחֲרִ֑יתthe end ofN c · אַחֲרִית (H319)Construct chain (genitival)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'the end of'.
וְ֝תִקְוָתְךָ֗the cord ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · תִּקְוָה (H8615)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תִּקְוָה (H8615) 'the cord of'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תִכָּרֵֽתyou make (a covenant)N · כָּרַת (H3772)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּרַת (H3772) 'you make (a covenant)'.
19
שְׁמַע אַתָּ֣ה בְנִ֣י וַחֲכָ֑ם וְאַשֵּׁ֖ר בַּדֶּ֣רֶךְ לִבֶּֽךָ
Hear you, my son, and be wise, and guide your heart in the way.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'listen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שְׁמַעlistenQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
בְנִ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
וַחֲכָ֑םthey were wiseconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · חָכַם (H2449)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָכַם (H2449) 'they were wise'.
וְאַשֵּׁ֖רthey will call me blessedconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms · אָשַׁר (H833)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָשַׁר (H833) 'they will call me blessed'.
בַּדֶּ֣רֶךְon the wayprep + art + N com c sg abs · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
לִבֶּֽךָyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
20
אַל תְּהִ֥י בְסֹֽבְאֵי יָ֑יִן בְּזֹלֲלֵ֖י בָשָׂ֣ר לָֽמוֹ
Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'let there be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּהִ֥יlet there beQal jussive 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'let there be'.
בְסֹֽבְאֵיandprep + Qal ptc mp · סָבָא (H5433)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָבָא (H5433) 'and'.
יָ֑יִןwineN c · יַיִן (H3196)Construct chain (genitival)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'.
בְּזֹלֲלֵ֖יa gluttonprep + Qal ptc mp · זָלַל (H2151)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָלַל (H2151) 'a glutton'.
בָשָׂ֣רfleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
לָֽמוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
21
כִּי סֹבֵ֣א וְ֭זוֹלֵל יִוָּרֵ֑שׁ וּ֝קְרָעִ֗ים תַּלְבִּ֥ישׁ נוּמָֽה
For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness shall clothe with rags.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
סֹבֵ֣אandQal ptc ms · סָבָא (H5433)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָבָא (H5433) 'and'.
וְ֭זוֹלֵלa gluttonconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · זָלַל (H2151)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָלַל (H2151) 'a glutton'.
יִוָּרֵ֑שׁare dispossessingN · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרַשׁ (H3423) 'are dispossessing'.
וּ֝קְרָעִ֗יםpiececonj וְ + N com m pl abs · קֶרַע (H7168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרַע (H7168) 'piece'.
תַּלְבִּ֥ישׁand you shall clotheHiphil impf 3fs · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'and you shall clothe'.
נוּמָֽהdrowsinessN c · נוּמָה (H5124)Construct chain (genitival)נוּמָה (H5124) 'drowsiness'.
22
שְׁמַ֣ע לְ֭אָבִיךָ זֶ֣ה יְלָדֶ֑ךָ וְאַל תָּ֝ב֗וּז כִּֽי זָקְנָ֥ה אִמֶּֽךָ
Hearken to your father that begat you, and despise not your mother when she is old.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'listen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
שְׁמַ֣עlistenQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
לְ֭אָבִיךָfor your fatherprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · אָב (H1)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָב (H1) 'for your father'.
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
יְלָדֶ֑ךָwho bore youQal perf 3ms + sfx 2ms · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָלַד (H3205) 'who bore you'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תָּ֝ב֗וּזcontemnQal jussive 2ms · בּוּז (H936)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבּוּז (H936) 'contemn'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
זָקְנָ֥הwas oldQal perf 3fs · זָקֵן (H2204)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָקֵן (H2204) 'was old'.
אִמֶּֽךָyour motherN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'your mother'.
23
אֱמֶ֣ת קְ֭נֵה וְאַל תִּמְכֹּ֑ר חָכְמָ֖ה וּמוּסָ֣ר וּבִינָֽה
Buy the truth, and sell not; wisdom, and instruction, and understanding.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'bought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אֱמֶ֣תtrueN c · אֱמֶת (H571)Construct chain (genitival)אֱמֶת (H571) 'true'.
קְ֭נֵהboughtQal impv 2ms · קָנָה (H7069)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָנָה (H7069) 'bought'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תִּמְכֹּ֑רshall be soldQal jussive 2ms · מָכַר (H4376)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalמָכַר (H4376) 'shall be sold'.
חָכְמָ֖הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וּמוּסָ֣רthe discipline ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מוּסָר (H4148)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוּסָר (H4148) 'the discipline of'.
וּבִינָֽהand your understandingconj וְ + N com f sg abs · בִּינָה (H998)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּינָה (H998) 'and your understanding'.
24
גול גִּ֣יל יגול יָ֭גִיל אֲבִ֣י צַדִּ֑יק יולד וְיוֹלֵ֥ד חָ֝כָ֗ם וישמח יִשְׂמַח בּֽוֹ
The father of the righteous shall greatly rejoice: and he that begetteth a wise shall have joy of him.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
גולandQal inf abs · גִּיל (H1524)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionגִּיל (H1524) 'and'.
גִּ֣ילandQal inf abs · גִּיל (H1524)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionגִּיל (H1524) 'and'.
יגולbe gladQal impf 3ms · גִּיל (H1523)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגִּיל (H1523) 'be glad'.
יָ֭גִילbe gladQal impf 3ms · גִּיל (H1523)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגִּיל (H1523) 'be glad'.
אֲבִ֣יmy fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'my father'.
צַדִּ֑יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
יולדis bornQal ptc ms · יָלַד (H3205)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָלַד (H3205) 'is born'.
וְיוֹלֵ֥דand he fatheredconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · יָלַד (H3205)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
חָ֝כָ֗םwise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
וישמחand you shall rejoiceconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
יִשְׂמַחand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
בּֽוֹand you shall rejoiceprep + sfx 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Particle or relational elementשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
25
יִֽשְׂמַח אָבִ֥יךָ וְאִמֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝תָגֵ֗ל יֽוֹלַדְתֶּֽךָ
Your father and your mother shall be glad, and she that bare you shall rejoice.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
יִֽשְׂמַחand you shall rejoiceQal jussive 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
אָבִ֥יךָyour fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'your father'.
וְאִמֶּ֑ךָand your motherconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · אֵם (H517)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵם (H517) 'and your mother'.
וְ֝תָגֵ֗לandconj וְ + Qal jussive 3fs · גִּיל (H1523)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalגִּיל (H1523) 'and'.
יֽוֹלַדְתֶּֽךָand he fatheredQal ptc fs + sfx 2ms · יָלַד (H3205)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
26
תְּנָֽה בְנִ֣י לִבְּךָ֣ לִ֑י וְ֝עֵינֶ֗יךָ דְּרָכַ֥י תרצנה תִּצֹּֽרְנָה
My son, give me your heart, and let your eyes observe my ways.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
תְּנָֽהgiveQal impv 2ms + Sh · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָתַן (H5414) 'give'.
בְנִ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
לִבְּךָ֣your heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
וְ֝עֵינֶ֗יךָand your eyesconj וְ + N com c du constr + sfx 2ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'and your eyes'.
דְּרָכַ֥יmy wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
תרצנהit shall be acceptedQal jussive 3fp · רָצָה (H7521)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalרָצָה (H7521) 'it shall be accepted'.
תִּצֹּֽרְנָהhe guarded himQal jussive 3fp · נָצַר (H5341)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָצַר (H5341) 'he guarded him'.
27
כִּֽי שׁוּחָ֣ה עֲמֻקָּ֣ה זוֹנָ֑ה וּבְאֵ֥ר צָ֝רָ֗ה נָכְרִיָּֽה
For a whore a deep ditch; and a strange woman a narrow pit.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'a prostitute'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שׁוּחָ֣הditchN c · שׁוּחָה (H7745)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוּחָה (H7745) 'ditch'.
עֲמֻקָּ֣הdeeperAdj · עָמֹק (H6013)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמֹק (H6013) 'deeper'.
זוֹנָ֑הa prostituteQal ptc fs · זָנָה (H2181)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָנָה (H2181) 'a prostitute'.
וּבְאֵ֥רthe wellconj וְ + N com f sg abs · בְּאֵר (H875)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּאֵר (H875) 'the well'.
צָ֝רָ֗הnarrowAdj · צַר (H6862)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
נָכְרִיָּֽהforeignAdj · נָכְרִי (H5237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָכְרִי (H5237) 'foreign'.
28
אַף הִ֭יא כְּחֶ֣תֶף תֶּֽאֱרֹ֑ב וּ֝בוֹגְדִ֗ים בְּאָדָ֥ם תּוֹסִֽף
She also lieth in wait as a prey, and increaseth the transgressors among men.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'lying in ambush'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
הִ֭יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
כְּחֶ֣תֶףas / likeprep + N com m sg abs · חֶתֶף (H2863)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶתֶף (H2863) 'as / like'.
תֶּֽאֱרֹ֑בlying in ambushQal impf 3fs · אָרַב (H693)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָרַב (H693) 'lying in ambush'.
וּ֝בוֹגְדִ֗יםin his dealing treacherouslyconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · בָּגַד (H898)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּגַד (H898) 'in his dealing treacherously'.
בְּאָדָ֥םon manprep + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'on man'.
תּוֹסִֽףadd, continueHiphil impf 3fs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'add, continue'.
29
לְמִ֨י א֥וֹי לְמִ֪י אֲב֡וֹי לְמִ֤י מדונים מִדְיָנִ֨ים לְמִ֥י שִׂ֗יחַ לְ֭מִי פְּצָעִ֣ים חִנָּ֑ם לְ֝מִ֗י חַכְלִל֥וּת עֵינָֽיִם
Who has woe? who has sorrow? who has contentions? who has babbling? who has wounds without cause? who has redness of eyes?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
לְמִ֨יto whomprep + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'to whom'.
א֥וֹיwoeparticle · אוֹי (H188)Particle or relational elementאוֹי (H188) 'woe'.
לְמִ֪יto whomprep + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'to whom'.
אֲב֡וֹיsorrowparticle · אֲבוֹי (H17)Particle or relational elementאֲבוֹי (H17) 'sorrow'.
לְמִ֤יto whomprep + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'to whom'.
מדוניםbrawlingN c · מָדוֹן (H4066)Construct chain (genitival)מָדוֹן (H4066) 'brawling'.
מִדְיָנִ֨יםbrawlingN c · מִדְיָן (H4079)Construct chain (genitival)מִדְיָן (H4079) 'brawling'.
לְמִ֥יto whomprep + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'to whom'.
שִׂ֗יחַbabblingN c · שִׂיחַ (H7879)Construct chain (genitival)שִׂיחַ (H7879) 'babbling'.
לְ֭מִיto whomprep + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'to whom'.
פְּצָעִ֣יםwoundN c · פֶּצַע (H6482)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּצַע (H6482) 'wound'.
חִנָּ֑םfor nothingart · חִנָּם (H2600)Particle or relational elementחִנָּם (H2600) 'for nothing'.
לְ֝מִ֗יto whomprep + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'to whom'.
חַכְלִל֥וּתrednessN c · חַכְלִלוּת (H2448)Construct chain (genitival)חַכְלִלוּת (H2448) 'redness'.
עֵינָֽיִםeyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'eyes'.
30
לַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥ים עַל הַיָּ֑יִן לַ֝בָּאִ֗ים לַחְקֹ֥ר מִמְסָֽךְ
They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'you shall delay'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥יםyou shall delayprep + art + Piel ptc mp · אָחַר (H309)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָחַר (H309) 'you shall delay'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַיָּ֑יִןthe wineart + N com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'the wine'.
לַ֝בָּאִ֗יםand they cameprep + art + Qal ptc mp · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
לַחְקֹ֥רand searchprep + Qal inf constr · חָקַר (H2713)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָקַר (H2713) 'and search'.
מִמְסָֽךְdrink-offeringN c · מַמְסָךְ (H4469)Construct chain (genitival)מַמְסָךְ (H4469) 'drink-offering'.
31
אַל תֵּ֥רֶא יַיִן֮ כִּ֪י יִתְאַ֫דָּ֥ם כִּֽי יִתֵּ֣ן בכיס בַּכּ֣וֹס עֵינ֑וֹ יִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ךְ בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים
Look not you upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, it moveth itself aright.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תֵּ֥רֶאand he sawQal jussive 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
יַיִן֮wineN c · יַיִן (H3196)Construct chain (genitival)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'.
כִּ֪יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יִתְאַ֫דָּ֥םdyed redHithpael impf 3ms · אָדַם (H119)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָדַם (H119) 'dyed red'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יִתֵּ֣ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
בכיסin your bagprep + art + N com m sg abs · כִּיס (H3599)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כִּיס (H3599) 'in your bag'.
בַּכּ֣וֹסcup ofprep + art + N com f sg abs · כּוֹס (H3563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוֹס (H3563) 'cup of'.
עֵינ֑וֹhis eyeN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'his eye'.
יִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ךְwentHithpael impf 3ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
בְּמֵישָׁרִֽיםagreementprep + N com m pl abs · מֵישָׁר (H4339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵישָׁר (H4339) 'agreement'.
32
אַ֭חֲרִיתוֹ כְּנָחָ֣שׁ יִשָּׁ֑ךְ וּֽכְצִפְעֹנִ֥י יַפְרִֽשׁ
At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'is lent at interest'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
אַ֭חֲרִיתוֹin the latterN c · אַחֲרִית (H319)Construct chain (genitival)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'in the latter'.
כְּנָחָ֣שׁthe serpentprep + N com m sg abs · נָחָשׁ (H5175)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָחָשׁ (H5175) 'the serpent'.
יִשָּׁ֑ךְis lent at interestQal impf 3ms · נָשַׁךְ (H5391)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשַׁךְ (H5391) 'is lent at interest'.
וּֽכְצִפְעֹנִ֥יadderconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · צֶפַע (H6848)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶפַע (H6848) 'adder'.
יַפְרִֽשׁto make clearHiphil impf 3ms · פָּרַשׁ (H6567)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּרַשׁ (H6567) 'to make clear'.
33
עֵ֭ינֶיךָ יִרְא֣וּ זָר֑וֹת וְ֝לִבְּךָ֗ יְדַבֵּ֥ר תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת
Your eyes shall behold strange women, and your heart shall utter perverse things.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall they appear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עֵ֭ינֶיךָyour eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'your eyes'.
יִרְא֣וּshall they appearQal impf 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall they appear'.
זָר֑וֹתan outsiderAdj · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
וְ֝לִבְּךָ֗his heartconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
יְדַבֵּ֥רspeaksPiel impf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speaks'.
תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹתperverseN c · תַּהְפֻּכָה (H8419)Construct chain (genitival)תַּהְפֻּכָה (H8419) 'perverse'.
34
וְ֭הָיִיתָ כְּשֹׁכֵ֣ב בְּלֶב יָ֑ם וּ֝כְשֹׁכֵ֗ב בְּרֹ֣אשׁ חִבֵּֽל
Yea, you shall be as he that lieth down in the midst of the sea, or as he that lieth upon the top of a mast.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'who lies'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְ֭הָיִיתָand you will beconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and you will be'.
כְּשֹׁכֵ֣בwho liesprep + Qal ptc ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁכַב (H7901) 'who lies'.
בְּלֶבin the heart ofprep + N com m sg constr · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'in the heart of'.
יָ֑םsea ofN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'sea of'.
וּ֝כְשֹׁכֵ֗בand he layconj וְ + prep + Qal ptc ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁכַב (H7901) 'and he lay'.
בְּרֹ֣אשׁon the top ofprep + N com m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'on the top of'.
חִבֵּֽלmastN c · חִבֵּל (H2260)Construct chain (genitival)חִבֵּל (H2260) 'mast'.
35
הִכּ֥וּנִי בַל חָלִיתִי֮ הֲלָמ֗וּנִי בַּל יָ֫דָ֥עְתִּי מָתַ֥י אָקִ֑יץ א֝וֹסִ֗יף אֲבַקְשֶׁ֥נּוּ עֽוֹד
They have stricken me, I was not sick; they have beaten me, I felt not: when shall I awake? I will seek it yet again.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he struck'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הִכּ֥וּנִיand he struckHiphil perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
בַלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
חָלִיתִי֮inflictedQal perf 1cs · חָלָה (H2470)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלָה (H2470) 'inflicted'.
הֲלָמ֗וּנִיhammeredQal perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · הָלַם (H1986)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַם (H1986) 'hammered'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
יָ֫דָ֥עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
מָתַ֥יwheninterrog. · מָתַי (H4970)Particle or relational elementמָתַי (H4970) 'when'.
אָקִ֑יץariseHiphil impf 1cs · קוּץ (H6974)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּץ (H6974) 'arise'.
א֝וֹסִ֗יףI will continueHiphil impf 1cs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'I will continue'.
אֲבַקְשֶׁ֥נּוּseekingPiel impf 1cs + sfx 3ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
עֽוֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.