Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Proverbs, Chapter 24משלי 24

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Proverbs 24 (34 verses in the MT) opens: Be not you envious against evil men, neither desire to be with them. The middle of the chapter continues: Lest YHWH see , and it displease him, and he turn away his wrath from him. It closes: So shall your poverty come one that travelleth; and your want as an armed man.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Proverbs 24 comprises 34 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-7) — Be not you envious against evil men, neither desire to be with them. Be not you envious against evil men, neither desire to be with them. For their heart studieth destruction, and their lips talk of mischief. Through wisdom is an house builded; and by understanding it is established: And by knowledge shall the chambers be filled with all precious and pleasant riches. A wise man strong; yea, a man of knowledge increaseth. Movement II (vv. 8-14) — He that deviseth to do evil shall be called a mischievous person. He that deviseth to do evil shall be called a mischievous person. The thought of foolishness sin: and the scorner an abomination to men. you faint in the day of adversity, your strength small. If you forbear to deliver drawn to death, and ready to be slain; If you sayest, Behold, we knew it not; does not he that pondereth the heart consider ? and he that. Movement III (vv. 15-21) — Lay not wait, O wicked , against the dwelling of the righteous; spoil no. Lay not wait, O wicked , against the dwelling of the righteous; spoil not his resting place: For a just falleth seven times, and riseth up again: but the wicked shall fall into mischief. Rejoice not when your enemy falleth, and let not your heart be glad when he stumbleth: Lest YHWH see , and it displease him, and he turn away his wrath from him. Fret not. Movement IV (vv. 22-28) — For their calamity shall rise suddenly; and who knoweth the ruin of them. For their calamity shall rise suddenly; and who knoweth the ruin of them both? These also to the wise. not good to have respect of persons in judgment. He that says to the wicked, You righteous; him shall the people curse, nations shall abhor him: But to them that rebuke shall be delight, and a good blessing shall come upon them. shall kiss lips that giveth. Movement V (vv. 29-34) — Say not, I will do so to him as he has done to me: I will render to the. Say not, I will do so to him as he has done to me: I will render to the man according to his work. I went by the field of the slothful, and by the vineyard of the man void of understanding; And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, nettles had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof was broken down. Then I saw, considered well: I looked upon. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

אַל תְּ֭קַנֵּא בְּאַנְשֵׁ֣י רָעָ֑ה וְאַל תתאו תִּ֝תְאָ֗יו לִהְי֥וֹת אִתָּֽם

Be not you envious against evil men, neither desire to be with them.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and he is jealous of'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּ֭קַנֵּאand he is jealous ofPiel jussive 2ms · קָנָא (H7065)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalקָנָא (H7065) 'and he is jealous of'.
בְּאַנְשֵׁ֣יamong the men ofprep + N com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'among the men of'.
רָעָ֑הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תתאוdesiresHithpael jussive 2ms · אָוָה (H183)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָוָה (H183) 'desires'.
תִּ֝תְאָ֗יוdesiresHithpael jussive 2ms · אָוָה (H183)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָוָה (H183) 'desires'.
לִהְי֥וֹתto beprep + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'.
אִתָּֽםwith themprep + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with them'.
2

כִּי שֹׁ֭ד יֶהְגֶּ֣ה לִבָּ֑ם וְ֝עָמָ֗ל שִׂפְתֵיהֶ֥ם תְּדַבֵּֽרְנָה

For their heart studieth destruction, and their lips talk of mischief.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'but you shall meditate'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שֹׁ֭דdesolationN c · שֹׁד (H7701)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁד (H7701) 'desolation'.
יֶהְגֶּ֣הbut you shall meditateQal impf 3ms · הָגָה (H1897)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָגָה (H1897) 'but you shall meditate'.
לִבָּ֑םtheir heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'their heart'.
וְ֝עָמָ֗לtroubleconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עָמָל (H5999)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
שִׂפְתֵיהֶ֥םthe edge ofN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
תְּדַבֵּֽרְנָהspeakPiel impf 3fp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
3

בְּ֭חָכְמָה יִבָּ֣נֶה בָּ֑יִת וּ֝בִתְבוּנָ֗ה יִתְכּוֹנָֽן

Through wisdom is an house builded; and by understanding it is established:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'ready'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
בְּ֭חָכְמָהin wisdomprep + N com f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'in wisdom'.
יִבָּ֣נֶהhe builds upN · בָּנָה (H1129)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּנָה (H1129) 'he builds up'.
בָּ֑יִתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
וּ֝בִתְבוּנָ֗הand in understandingconj וְ + prep + N com f sg abs · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'and in understanding'.
יִתְכּוֹנָֽןreadyHithpolel impf 3ms · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
4

וּ֭בְדַעַת חֲדָרִ֣ים יִמָּלְא֑וּ כָּל ה֖וֹן יָקָ֣ר וְנָעִֽים

And by knowledge shall the chambers be filled with all precious and pleasant riches.

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וּ֭בְדַעַתand in knowledgeconj וְ + prep + N com f sg abs · דַּעַת (H1847)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּעַת (H1847) 'and in knowledge'.
חֲדָרִ֣יםin the chamber ofN c · חֶדֶר (H2315)Construct chain (genitival)חֶדֶר (H2315) 'in the chamber of'.
יִמָּלְא֑וּare fulfilledN · מָלֵא (H4390)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָלֵא (H4390) 'are fulfilled'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
ה֖וֹןenoughN c · הוֹן (H1952)Construct chain (genitival)הוֹן (H1952) 'enough'.
יָקָ֣רbrightnessAdj · יָקָר (H3368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָקָר (H3368) 'brightness'.
וְנָעִֽיםandconj וְ + Adj · נָעִים (H5273)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָעִים (H5273) 'and'.
5

גֶּֽבֶר חָכָ֥ם בַּע֑וֹז וְאִֽישׁ דַּ֝֗עַת מְאַמֶּץ כֹּֽחַ

A wise man strong; yea, a man of knowledge increaseth strength.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and be courageous'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
גֶּֽבֶרa manN c · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
חָכָ֥םwise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
בַּע֑וֹזstrengthprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֹז (H5797)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹז (H5797) 'strength'.
וְאִֽישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
דַּ֝֗עַתknowledgeN c · דַּעַת (H1847)Construct chain (genitival)דַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge'.
מְאַמֶּץand be courageousPiel ptc ms · אָמַץ (H553)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַץ (H553) 'and be courageous'.
כֹּֽחַpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
6

כִּ֣י בְ֭תַחְבֻּלוֹת תַּעֲשֶׂה לְּךָ֣ מִלְחָמָ֑ה וּ֝תְשׁוּעָ֗ה בְּרֹ֣ב יוֹעֵֽץ

For by wise counsel you shall make your war: and in multitude of counsellors safety.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall make'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בְ֭תַחְבֻּלוֹתinprep + N com f pl abs · תַּחְבֻּלָה (H8458)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּחְבֻּלָה (H8458) 'in'.
תַּעֲשֶׂהyou shall makeQal impf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you shall make'.
לְּךָ֣to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
מִלְחָמָ֑הwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
וּ֝תְשׁוּעָ֗הdeliveranceconj וְ + N com f sg abs · תְּשׁוּעָה (H8668)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּשׁוּעָה (H8668) 'deliverance'.
בְּרֹ֣בfor multitudeprep + N com c sg abs · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'for multitude'.
יוֹעֵֽץlet me advise youQal ptc ms · יָעַץ (H3289)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
7

רָאמ֣וֹת לֶֽאֱוִ֣יל חָכְמ֑וֹת בַּ֝שַּׁ֗עַר לֹ֣א יִפְתַּח פִּֽיהוּ

Wisdom too high for a fool: he openeth not his mouth in the gate.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and tall'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
רָאמ֣וֹתand tallQal ptc fp · רוּם (H7311)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
לֶֽאֱוִ֣ילfoolprep + Adj · אֱוִיל (H191)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱוִיל (H191) 'fool'.
חָכְמ֑וֹתwisdomN c · חׇכְמוֹת (H2454)Construct chain (genitival)חׇכְמוֹת (H2454) 'wisdom'.
בַּ֝שַּׁ֗עַרin the gate ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'in the gate of'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִפְתַּחhe will openQal impf 3ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּתַח (H6605) 'he will open'.
פִּֽיהוּhis mouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'his mouth'.
8

מְחַשֵּׁ֥ב לְהָרֵ֑עַ ל֝֗וֹ בַּֽעַל מְזִמּ֥וֹת יִקְרָֽאוּ

He that deviseth to do evil shall be called a mischievous person.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'a skilled designer'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מְחַשֵּׁ֥בa skilled designerPiel ptc ms · חָשַׁב (H2803)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָשַׁב (H2803) 'a skilled designer'.
לְהָרֵ֑עַto harmprep + Hiphil inf constr · רָעַע (H7489)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָעַע (H7489) 'to harm'.
ל֝֗וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
בַּֽעַלa husbandN c · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167) 'a husband'.
מְזִמּ֥וֹת(wicked) deviceN c · מְזִמָּה (H4209)Construct chain (genitival)מְזִמָּה (H4209) '(wicked) device'.
יִקְרָֽאוּcallQal impf 3mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'call'.
9

זִמַּ֣ת אִוֶּ֣לֶת חַטָּ֑את וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת לְאָדָ֣ם לֵֽץ

The thought of foolishness sin: and the scorner an abomination to men.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
זִמַּ֣תdepravityN c · זִמָּה (H2154)Construct chain (genitival)זִמָּה (H2154) 'depravity'.
אִוֶּ֣לֶתfollyN c · אִוֶּלֶת (H200)Construct chain (genitival)אִוֶּלֶת (H200) 'folly'.
חַטָּ֑אתas a sin offeringN c · חַטָּאת (H2403)Construct chain (genitival)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'as a sin offering'.
וְתוֹעֲבַ֖תan abomination ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination of'.
לְאָדָ֣םto manprep + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'to man'.
לֵֽץthe interpreterAdj · לוּץ (H3887)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לוּץ (H3887) 'the interpreter'.
10

הִ֭תְרַפִּיתָ בְּי֥וֹם צָרָ֗ה צַ֣ר כֹּחֶֽכָה

you faint in the day of adversity, your strength small.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'idle'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
הִ֭תְרַפִּיתָidleHithpael perf 2ms · רָפָה (H7503)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָפָה (H7503) 'idle'.
בְּי֥וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
צָרָ֗הand troublesN c · צָרָה (H6869)Construct chain (genitival)צָרָה (H6869) 'and troubles'.
צַ֣רnarrowAdj · צַר (H6862)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
כֹּחֶֽכָהpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
11

הַ֭צֵּל לְקֻחִ֣ים לַמָּ֑וֶת וּמָטִ֥ים לַ֝הֶ֗רֶג אִם תַּחְשֽׂוֹךְ

If you forbear to deliver drawn to death, and ready to be slain;

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'has delivered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַ֭צֵּלhas deliveredHiphil impv 2ms · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָצַל (H5337) 'has delivered'.
לְקֻחִ֣יםand he tookQal ptc mp · לָקַח (H3947)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
לַמָּ֑וֶתthe death ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מָוֶת (H4194)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
וּמָטִ֥יםshall slipconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · מוֹט (H4131)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמוֹט (H4131) 'shall slip'.
לַ֝הֶ֗רֶגbe slainprep + art + N com m sg abs · הֶרֶג (H2027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֶרֶג (H2027) 'be slain'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תַּחְשֽׂוֹךְwithheldQal impf 2ms · חָשַׂךְ (H2820)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָשַׂךְ (H2820) 'withheld'.
12

כִּֽי תֹאמַ֗ר הֵן֮ לֹא יָדַ֪עְנ֫וּ זֶ֥ה הֲֽלֹא תֹ֘כֵ֤ן לִבּ֨וֹת הֽוּא יָבִ֗ין וְנֹצֵ֣ר נַ֭פְשְׁךָ ה֣וּא יֵדָ֑ע וְהֵשִׁ֖יב לְאָדָ֣ם כְּפָעֳלֽוֹ

If you sayest, Behold, we knew it not; does not he that pondereth the heart consider ? and he that keepeth your soul, does he know ? and shall he render to man according to his works?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall say'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תֹאמַ֗רyou shall sayQal impf 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'you shall say'.
הֵן֮beholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדַ֪עְנ֫וּwe knowQal perf 1cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'we know'.
זֶ֥הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
הֲֽלֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
תֹ֘כֵ֤ןbear upQal ptc ms · תָּכַן (H8505)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתָּכַן (H8505) 'bear up'.
לִבּ֨וֹתheartN c · לִבָּה (H3826)Construct chain (genitival)לִבָּה (H3826) 'heart'.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
יָבִ֗יןdiscerningQal impf 3ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
וְנֹצֵ֣רhe guarded himconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · נָצַר (H5341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַר (H5341) 'he guarded him'.
נַ֭פְשְׁךָyour soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
ה֣וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
יֵדָ֑עhe knewQal impf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
וְהֵשִׁ֖יבand he will bring backconj וְ + Hiphil q 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Particle or relational elementשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he will bring back'.
לְאָדָ֣םto manprep + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'to man'.
כְּפָעֳלֽוֹhis workprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · פֹּעַל (H6467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֹּעַל (H6467) 'his work'.
13

אֱכָל בְּנִ֣י דְבַ֣שׁ כִּי ט֑וֹב וְנֹ֥פֶת מָ֝ת֗וֹק עַל חִכֶּֽךָ

My son, eat you honey, because good; and the honeycomb, sweet to your taste:

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'eats'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֱכָלeatsQal impv 2ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָכַל (H398) 'eats'.
בְּנִ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
דְבַ֣שׁhoneyN c · דְּבַשׁ (H1706)Construct chain (genitival)דְּבַשׁ (H1706) 'honey'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ט֑וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וְנֹ֥פֶתandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · נֹפֶת (H5317)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֹפֶת (H5317) 'and'.
מָ֝ת֗וֹקsweetAdj · מָתוֹק (H4966)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָתוֹק (H4966) 'sweet'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
חִכֶּֽךָ(roof of the) mouthN c · חֵךְ (H2441)Construct chain (genitival)חֵךְ (H2441) '(roof of the) mouth'.
14

כֵּ֤ן דְּעֶ֥ה חָכְמָ֗ה לְנַ֫פְשֶׁ֥ךָ אִם מָ֭צָאתָ וְיֵ֣שׁ אַחֲרִ֑ית וְ֝תִקְוָתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִכָּרֵֽת

So the knowledge of wisdom to your soul: when you have found , then there shall be a reward, and your expectation shall not be cut off.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'I know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כֵּ֤ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
דְּעֶ֥הI knowQal impv 2ms + Sh · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
חָכְמָ֗הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
לְנַ֫פְשֶׁ֥ךָyour soulprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
מָ֭צָאתָyou have foundQal perf 2ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'you have found'.
וְיֵ֣שׁand sometimesconj וְ + adv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'and sometimes'.
אַחֲרִ֑יתthe end ofN c · אַחֲרִית (H319)Construct chain (genitival)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'the end of'.
וְ֝תִקְוָתְךָ֗the cord ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · תִּקְוָה (H8615)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תִּקְוָה (H8615) 'the cord of'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תִכָּרֵֽתyou make (a covenant)N · כָּרַת (H3772)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּרַת (H3772) 'you make (a covenant)'.
15

אַל תֶּאֱרֹ֣ב רָ֭שָׁע לִנְוֵ֣ה צַדִּ֑יק אַֽל תְּשַׁדֵּ֥ד רִבְצוֹ

Lay not wait, O wicked , against the dwelling of the righteous; spoil not his resting place:

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'lying in ambush'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תֶּאֱרֹ֣בlying in ambushQal jussive 2ms · אָרַב (H693)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָרַב (H693) 'lying in ambush'.
רָ֭שָׁעthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
לִנְוֵ֣הthe abode ofprep + N com c sg constr · נָוֶה (H5116)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוֶה (H5116) 'the abode of'.
צַדִּ֑יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּשַׁדֵּ֥דruinedPiel jussive 2ms · שָׁדַד (H7703)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
רִבְצוֹwhere each layN c · רֵבֶץ (H7258)Construct chain (genitival)רֵבֶץ (H7258) 'where each lay'.
16

כִּ֤י שֶׁ֨בַע יִפּ֣וֹל צַדִּ֣יק וָקָ֑ם וּ֝רְשָׁעִ֗ים יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ בְרָעָֽה

For a just falleth seven times, and riseth up again: but the wicked shall fall into mischief.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he fell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שֶׁ֨בַעsevenAdj · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'.
יִפּ֣וֹלand he fellQal impf 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
צַדִּ֣יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
וָקָ֑םand risesconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Particle or relational elementקוּם (H6965) 'and rises'.
וּ֝רְשָׁעִ֗יםthe wickedconj וְ + Adj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
יִכָּשְׁל֥וּand they shall stumbleN · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
בְרָעָֽהin miseryprep + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'in misery'.
17

בִּנְפֹ֣ל אויביך אֽ֭וֹיִבְךָ אַל תִּשְׂמָ֑ח וּ֝בִכָּשְׁל֗וֹ אַל יָגֵ֥ל לִבֶּֽךָ

Rejoice not when your enemy falleth, and let not your heart be glad when he stumbleth:

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he fell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בִּנְפֹ֣לand he fellprep + Qal inf constr · נָפַל (H5307)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
אויביךyour enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 2ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
אֽ֭וֹיִבְךָyour enemiesQal ptc ms + sfx 2ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּשְׂמָ֑חand you shall rejoiceQal jussive 2ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
וּ֝בִכָּשְׁל֗וֹand they shall stumbleconj וְ + prep + Niphal inf constr + sfx 3ms · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
יָגֵ֥לbe gladQal jussive 3ms · גִּיל (H1523)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalגִּיל (H1523) 'be glad'.
לִבֶּֽךָyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
18

פֶּן יִרְאֶ֣ה יְ֭הוָה וְרַ֣ע בְּעֵינָ֑יו וְהֵשִׁ֖יב מֵעָלָ֣יו אַפּֽוֹ

Lest YHWH see , and it displease him, and he turn away his wrath from him.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
יִרְאֶ֣הshall be seenQal impf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall be seen'.
יְ֭הוָהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְרַ֣עand it was displeasingconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · רָעַע (H7489)Particle or relational elementרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
בְּעֵינָ֑יוin his eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 3ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in his eyes'.
וְהֵשִׁ֖יבand he will bring backconj וְ + Hiphil q 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Particle or relational elementשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he will bring back'.
מֵעָלָ֣יוfrom upon himprep + prep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from upon him'.
אַפּֽוֹhis angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'his anger'.
19

אַל תִּתְחַ֥ר בַּמְּרֵעִ֑ים אַל תְּ֝קַנֵּ֗א בָּרְשָׁעִֽים

Fret not thyself because of evil , neither be you envious at the wicked;

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and it burned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּתְחַ֥רand it burnedHithpael jussive 2ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalחָרָה (H2734) 'and it burned'.
בַּמְּרֵעִ֑יםand it was displeasingprep + art + Hiphil ptc mp · רָעַע (H7489)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּ֝קַנֵּ֗אand he is jealous ofPiel jussive 2ms · קָנָא (H7065)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalקָנָא (H7065) 'and he is jealous of'.
בָּרְשָׁעִֽיםthe wickedprep + art + Adj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
20

כִּ֤י לֹֽא תִהְיֶ֣ה אַחֲרִ֣ית לָרָ֑ע נֵ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִדְעָֽךְ

For there shall be no reward to the evil ; the candle of the wicked shall be put out.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תִהְיֶ֣הshall beQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
אַחֲרִ֣יתthe end ofN c · אַחֲרִית (H319)Construct chain (genitival)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'the end of'.
לָרָ֑עand badprep + art + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'and bad'.
נֵ֖רa lampN c · נֵר (H5216)Construct chain (genitival)נֵר (H5216) 'a lamp'.
רְשָׁעִ֣יםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
יִדְעָֽךְbe extinctQal impf 3ms · דָּעַךְ (H1846)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּעַךְ (H1846) 'be extinct'.
21

יְרָֽא אֶת יְהוָ֣ה בְּנִ֣י וָמֶ֑לֶךְ עִם שׁ֝וֹנִ֗ים אַל תִּתְעָרָֽב

My son, fear you YHWH and the king: meddle not with them that are given to change:

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'he was afraid'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
יְרָֽאhe was afraidQal impv 2ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָרֵא (H3372) 'he was afraid'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בְּנִ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
וָמֶ֑לֶךְand the king ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'and the king of'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
שׁ֝וֹנִ֗יםbeing repeatedQal ptc mp · שָׁנָה (H8138)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁנָה (H8138) 'being repeated'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּתְעָרָֽבwill be surety for himHithpael jussive 2ms · עָרַב (H6148)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָרַב (H6148) 'will be surety for him'.
22

כִּֽי פִ֭תְאֹם יָק֣וּם אֵידָ֑ם וּפִ֥יד שְׁ֝נֵיהֶ֗ם מִ֣י יוֹדֵֽעַ

For their calamity shall rise suddenly; and who knoweth the ruin of them both?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall stand'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
פִ֭תְאֹםsuddenlyart · פִּתְאֹם (H6597)Particle or relational elementפִּתְאֹם (H6597) 'suddenly'.
יָק֣וּםshall standQal impf 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'shall stand'.
אֵידָ֑םtheir calamityN c · אֵיד (H343)Construct chain (genitival)אֵיד (H343) 'their calamity'.
וּפִ֥ידinconj וְ + N com m sg constr · פִּיד (H6365)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּיד (H6365) 'in'.
שְׁ֝נֵיהֶ֗םboth of themAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'both of them'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יוֹדֵֽעַshall it be knownQal ptc ms · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'shall it be known'.
23

גַּם אֵ֥לֶּה לַֽחֲכָמִ֑ים הַֽכֵּר פָּנִ֖ים בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט בַּל טֽוֹב

These also to the wise. not good to have respect of persons in judgment.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'identify'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אֵ֥לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
לַֽחֲכָמִ֑יםthe wise menprep + Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'the wise men'.
הַֽכֵּרidentifyHiphil inf abs · נָכַר (H5234)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionנָכַר (H5234) 'identify'.
פָּנִ֖יםfaceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'.
בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣טin judgmentprep + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'in judgment'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
טֽוֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
24

אֹ֤מֵ֨ר לְרָשָׁע֮ צַדִּ֪יק אָ֥תָּה יִקְּבֻ֥הוּ עַמִּ֑ים יִזְעָמ֥וּהוּ לְאֻמִּֽים

He that says to the wicked, You righteous; him shall the people curse, nations shall abhor him:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֹ֤מֵ֨רhe saidQal ptc ms · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
לְרָשָׁע֮to the wicked oneprep + Adj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'to the wicked one'.
צַדִּ֪יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
אָ֥תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
יִקְּבֻ֥הוּand he pierced/blasphemedQal impf 3mp + sfx 3ms · נָקַב (H5344)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָקַב (H5344) 'and he pierced/blasphemed'.
עַמִּ֑יםpeoplesN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'peoples'.
יִזְעָמ֥וּהוּdenounceQal impf 3mp + sfx 3ms · זָעַם (H2194)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָעַם (H2194) 'denounce'.
לְאֻמִּֽיםpeoplesN c · לְאֹם (H3816)Construct chain (genitival)לְאֹם (H3816) 'peoples'.
25

וְלַמּוֹכִיחִ֥ים יִנְעָ֑ם וַֽ֝עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם תָּב֥וֹא בִרְכַּת טֽוֹב

But to them that rebuke shall be delight, and a good blessing shall come upon them.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and you are vindicated'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְלַמּוֹכִיחִ֥יםand you are vindicatedconj וְ + prep + art + Hiphil ptc mp · יָכַח (H3198)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָכַח (H3198) 'and you are vindicated'.
יִנְעָ֑םit was pleasantQal impf 3ms · נָעֵם (H5276)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָעֵם (H5276) 'it was pleasant'.
וַֽ֝עֲלֵיהֶ֗םand on themconj וְ + prep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on them'.
תָּב֥וֹאyou comeQal impf 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
בִרְכַּתblessings ofN c · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרָכָה (H1293) 'blessings of'.
טֽוֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
26

שְׂפָתַ֥יִם יִשָּׁ֑ק מֵ֝שִׁ֗יב דְּבָרִ֥ים נְכֹחִֽים

shall kiss lips that giveth a right answer.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall order themselves'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
שְׂפָתַ֥יִםlipsN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'lips'.
יִשָּׁ֑קshall order themselvesQal impf 3ms · נָשַׁק (H5401)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשַׁק (H5401) 'shall order themselves'.
מֵ֝שִׁ֗יבreturning [her]Hiphil ptc ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשׁוּב (H7725) 'returning [her]'.
דְּבָרִ֥יםwords/chargesN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'words/charges'.
נְכֹחִֽיםandAdj · נָכֹחַ (H5228)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָכֹחַ (H5228) 'and'.
27

הָ֘כֵ֤ן בַּח֨וּץ מְלַאכְתֶּ֗ךָ וְעַתְּדָ֣הּ בַּשָּׂדֶ֣ה לָ֑ךְ אַ֝חַ֗ר וּבָנִ֥יתָ בֵיתֶֽךָ

Prepare your work without, and make it fit for thyself in the field; and afterwards build your house.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'firmly'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הָ֘כֵ֤ןfirmlyHiphil impv 2ms · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeכּוּן (H3559) 'firmly'.
בַּח֨וּץoutsideprep + art + N com m sg abs · חוּץ (H2351)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside'.
מְלַאכְתֶּ֗ךָyour workN c · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Construct chain (genitival)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'your work'.
וְעַתְּדָ֣הּmake fitconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms + sfx 3fs · עָתַד (H6257)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָתַד (H6257) 'make fit'.
בַּשָּׂדֶ֣הin the fieldprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'in the field'.
לָ֑ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
אַ֝חַ֗רafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
וּבָנִ֥יתָand you shall buildconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · בָּנָה (H1129)Particle or relational elementבָּנָה (H1129) 'and you shall build'.
בֵיתֶֽךָyour houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'your house'.
28

אַל תְּהִ֣י עֵד חִנָּ֣ם בְּרֵעֶ֑ךָ וַ֝הֲפִתִּ֗יתָ בִּשְׂפָתֶֽיךָ

Be not a witness against your neighbour without cause; and deceive with your lips.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'let there be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּהִ֣יlet there beQal jussive 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'let there be'.
עֵדa witnessN c · עֵד (H5707)Construct chain (genitival)עֵד (H5707) 'a witness'.
חִנָּ֣םfor nothingart · חִנָּם (H2600)Particle or relational elementחִנָּם (H2600) 'for nothing'.
בְּרֵעֶ֑ךָagainst your neighborprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · רֵעַ (H7453)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵעַ (H7453) 'against your neighbor'.
וַ֝הֲפִתִּ֗יתָbe deceivedconj וְ + interrog. + Piel perf 2ms · פָּתָה (H6601)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּתָה (H6601) 'be deceived'.
בִּשְׂפָתֶֽיךָthe edge ofprep + N com f du constr + sfx 2ms · שָׂפָה (H8193)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
29

אַל תֹּאמַ֗ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָֽשָׂה לִ֭י כֵּ֤ן אֶֽעֱשֶׂה לּ֑וֹ אָשִׁ֖יב לָאִ֣ישׁ כְּפָעֳלֽוֹ

Say not, I will do so to him as he has done to me: I will render to the man according to his work.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall say'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תֹּאמַ֗רyou shall sayQal jussive 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָמַר (H559) 'you shall say'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
עָֽשָׂהhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
לִ֭יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
כֵּ֤ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אֶֽעֱשֶׂהI will doQal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I will do'.
לּ֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
אָשִׁ֖יבI will renderHiphil impf 1cs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'I will render'.
לָאִ֣ישׁto a manprep + art + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'to a man'.
כְּפָעֳלֽוֹhis workprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · פֹּעַל (H6467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֹּעַל (H6467) 'his work'.
30

עַל שְׂדֵ֣ה אִישׁ עָצֵ֣ל עָבַ֑רְתִּי וְעַל כֶּ֝֗רֶם אָדָ֥ם חֲסַר לֵֽב

I went by the field of the slothful, and by the vineyard of the man void of understanding;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have transgressed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שְׂדֵ֣הthe field ofN c · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field of'.
אִישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
עָצֵ֣לslothfulAdj · עָצֵל (H6102)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָצֵל (H6102) 'slothful'.
עָבַ֑רְתִּיI have transgressedQal perf 1cs · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַר (H5674) 'I have transgressed'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כֶּ֝֗רֶםa vineyardN c · כֶּרֶם (H3754)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּרֶם (H3754) 'a vineyard'.
אָדָ֥םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
חֲסַרdestituteAdj · חָסֵר (H2638)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָסֵר (H2638) 'destitute'.
לֵֽבthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
31

וְהִנֵּ֨ה עָ֘לָ֤ה כֻלּ֨וֹ קִמְּשֹׂנִ֗ים כָּסּ֣וּ פָנָ֣יו חֲרֻלִּ֑ים וְגֶ֖דֶר אֲבָנָ֣יו נֶהֱרָֽסָה

And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, nettles had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof was broken down.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'go up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְהִנֵּ֨הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
עָ֘לָ֤הgo upQal perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'go up'.
כֻלּ֨וֹall of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
קִמְּשֹׂנִ֗יםthornN c · קִמָּשׁוֹן (H7063)Construct chain (genitival)קִמָּשׁוֹן (H7063) 'thorn'.
כָּסּ֣וּthat coversPual perf 3cp · כָּסָה (H3680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּסָה (H3680) 'that covers'.
פָנָ֣יוhis faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'his face'.
חֲרֻלִּ֑יםnettleN c · חָרוּל (H2738)Construct chain (genitival)חָרוּל (H2738) 'nettle'.
וְגֶ֖דֶרwallconj וְ + N com m sg constr · גֶּדֶר (H1444)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּדֶר (H1444) 'wall'.
אֲבָנָ֣יוits stonesN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'its stones'.
נֶהֱרָֽסָהyou overthrowN · הָרַס (H2040)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָרַס (H2040) 'you overthrow'.
32

וָֽאֶחֱזֶ֣ה אָ֭נֹכִֽי אָשִׁ֣ית לִבִּ֑י רָ֝אִ֗יתִי לָקַ֥חְתִּי מוּסָֽר

Then I saw, considered well: I looked upon received instruction.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'he sees/beholds'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וָֽאֶחֱזֶ֣הhe sees/beholdsconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · חָזָה (H2372)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָזָה (H2372) 'he sees/beholds'.
אָ֭נֹכִֽיIpron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
אָשִׁ֣יתI will putQal impf 1cs · שִׁית (H7896)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׁית (H7896) 'I will put'.
לִבִּ֑יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
רָ֝אִ֗יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
לָקַ֥חְתִּיI have takenQal perf 1cs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'I have taken'.
מוּסָֽרthe discipline ofN c · מוּסָר (H4148)Construct chain (genitival)מוּסָר (H4148) 'the discipline of'.
33

מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת מְעַ֓ט חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִשְׁכָּֽב

a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep:

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'by lying with'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מְעַ֣טa littleN c · מְעַט (H4592)Construct chain (genitival)מְעַט (H4592) 'a little'.
שֵׁ֭נוֹתfrom his sleepN c · שֵׁנָה (H8142)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁנָה (H8142) 'from his sleep'.
מְעַ֣טa littleN c · מְעַט (H4592)Construct chain (genitival)מְעַט (H4592) 'a little'.
תְּנוּמ֑וֹתinN c · תְּנוּמָה (H8572)Construct chain (genitival)תְּנוּמָה (H8572) 'in'.
מְעַ֓טa littleN c · מְעַט (H4592)Construct chain (genitival)מְעַט (H4592) 'a little'.
חִבֻּ֖קfoldN c · חִבֻּק (H2264)Construct chain (genitival)חִבֻּק (H2264) 'fold'.
יָדַ֣יִםhandsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'hands'.
לִשְׁכָּֽבby lying withprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁכַב (H7901)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁכַב (H7901) 'by lying with'.
34

וּבָֽא מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵישֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹרֶ֗יךָ כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן

So shall your poverty come one that travelleth; and your want as an armed man.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'walks about'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וּבָֽאand he shall comeconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Particle or relational elementבּוֹא (H935) 'and he shall come'.
מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְwalks aboutHithpael ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'walks about'.
רֵישֶׁ֑ךָpovertyN c · רֵישׁ (H7389)Construct chain (genitival)רֵישׁ (H7389) 'poverty'.
וּ֝מַחְסֹרֶ֗יךָhis needconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · מַחְסוֹר (H4270)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַחְסוֹר (H4270) 'his need'.
כְּאִ֣ישׁas a manprep + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'as a man'.
מָגֵֽןthe shield ofN c · מָגֵן (H4043)Construct chain (genitival)מָגֵן (H4043) 'the shield of'.