1
ט֤וֹב פַּ֣ת חֲ֭רֵבָה וְשַׁלְוָה בָ֑הּ מִ֝בַּ֗יִת מָלֵ֥א זִבְחֵי רִֽיב
Better a dry morsel, and quietness therewith, than an house full of sacrifices strife.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ט֤וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
פַּ֣תmorsel ofN c · פַּת (H6595)Construct chain (genitival)פַּת (H6595) 'morsel of'.
חֲ֭רֵבָהor dryAdj · חָרֵב (H2720)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָרֵב (H2720) 'or dry'.
וְשַׁלְוָהinconj וְ + N com f sg abs · שַׁלְוָה (H7962)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁלְוָה (H7962) 'in'.
בָ֑הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
מִ֝בַּ֗יִתfrom the house ofprep + N com m sg abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'from the house of'.
מָלֵ֥אfull ofAdj · מָלֵא (H4392)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָלֵא (H4392) 'full of'.
זִבְחֵיsacrifices ofN c · זֶבַח (H2077)Construct chain (genitival)זֶבַח (H2077) 'sacrifices of'.
רִֽיבdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
2
עֶֽבֶד מַשְׂכִּ֗יל יִ֭מְשֹׁל בְּבֵ֣ן מֵבִ֑ישׁ וּבְת֥וֹךְ אַ֝חִ֗ים יַחֲלֹ֥ק נַחֲלָֽה
A wise servant shall have rule over a son that causeth shame, and shall have part of the inheritance among the brethren.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'you may prosper'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עֶֽבֶדservant ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant of'.
מַשְׂכִּ֗ילyou may prosperHiphil ptc ms · שָׂכַל (H7919)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂכַל (H7919) 'you may prosper'.
יִ֭מְשֹׁלhe shall have authorityQal impf 3ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָשַׁל (H4910) 'he shall have authority'.
בְּבֵ֣ןthe sons ofprep + N com m sg abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
מֵבִ֑ישׁwere ashamedHiphil ptc ms · בּוּשׁ (H954)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
וּבְת֥וֹךְand into the midst ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'and into the midst of'.
אַ֝חִ֗יםbrothersN c · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251) 'brothers'.
יַחֲלֹ֥קdividesQal impf 3ms · חָלַק (H2505)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַק (H2505) 'divides'.
נַחֲלָֽהan inheritanceN c · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Construct chain (genitival)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'an inheritance'.
3
מַצְרֵ֣ף לַ֭כֶּסֶף וְכ֣וּר לַזָּהָ֑ב וּבֹחֵ֖ן לִבּ֣וֹת יְהוָֽה
The fining pot for silver, and the furnace for gold: but YHWH trieth the hearts.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'you will be tested'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מַצְרֵ֣ףfining potN c · מִצְרֵף (H4715)Construct chain (genitival)מִצְרֵף (H4715) 'fining pot'.
לַ֭כֶּסֶףsilverprep + art + N com m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
וְכ֣וּרfrom the furnace ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · כּוּר (H3564)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּר (H3564) 'from the furnace of'.
לַזָּהָ֑בgoldprep + art + N com m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'.
וּבֹחֵ֖ןyou will be testedconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · בָּחַן (H974)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּחַן (H974) 'you will be tested'.
לִבּ֣וֹתheartN c · לִבָּה (H3826)Construct chain (genitival)לִבָּה (H3826) 'heart'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
4
מֵ֭רַע מַקְשִׁ֣יב עַל שְׂפַת אָ֑וֶן שֶׁ֥קֶר מֵ֝זִין עַל לְשׁ֥וֹן הַוֺּֽת
A wicked doer giveth heed to false lips; a liar giveth ear to a naughty tongue.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and it was displeasing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
מֵ֭רַעand it was displeasingHiphil ptc ms · רָעַע (H7489)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
מַקְשִׁ֣יבtoHiphil ptc ms · קָשַׁב (H7181)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָשַׁב (H7181) 'to'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שְׂפַתthe edge ofN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
אָ֑וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
שֶׁ֥קֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
מֵ֝זִיןgive earHiphil ptc ms · אָזַן (H238)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָזַן (H238) 'give ear'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
לְשׁ֥וֹןtongueN c · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Construct chain (genitival)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'tongue'.
הַוֺּֽתcalamityN c · הַוָּה (H1942)Construct chain (genitival)הַוָּה (H1942) 'calamity'.
5
לֹעֵ֣ג לָ֭רָשׁ חֵרֵ֣ף עֹשֵׂ֑הוּ שָׂמֵ֥חַ לְ֝אֵ֗יד לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶֽה
Whoso mocketh the poor reproacheth his Maker: he that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'have in derision'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לֹעֵ֣גhave in derisionQal ptc ms · לָעַג (H3932)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלָעַג (H3932) 'have in derision'.
לָ֭רָשׁlackprep + art + Qal ptc ms · רוּשׁ (H7326)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּשׁ (H7326) 'lack'.
חֵרֵ֣ףthat scornedPiel perf 3ms · חָרַף (H2778)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרַף (H2778) 'that scorned'.
עֹשֵׂ֑הוּwho made himQal ptc ms + sfx 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'who made him'.
שָׂמֵ֥חַjoyfulAdj · שָׂמֵחַ (H8056)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂמֵחַ (H8056) 'joyful'.
לְ֝אֵ֗ידtheir calamityprep + N com m sg abs · אֵיד (H343)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵיד (H343) 'their calamity'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִנָּקֶֽהwill acquitN · נָקָה (H5352)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָקָה (H5352) 'will acquit'.
6
עֲטֶ֣רֶת זְ֭קֵנִים בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֑ים וְתִפְאֶ֖רֶת בָּנִ֣ים אֲבוֹתָֽם
Children's children the crown of old men; and the glory of children their fathers.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עֲטֶ֣רֶתthe crown ofN c · עֲטָרָה (H5850)Construct chain (genitival)עֲטָרָה (H5850) 'the crown of'.
זְ֭קֵנִיםoldAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'old'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
בָנִ֑יםsonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'sons'.
וְתִפְאֶ֖רֶתand for beautyconj וְ + N com f sg constr · תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597) 'and for beauty'.
בָּנִ֣יםsonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'sons'.
אֲבוֹתָֽםtheir fathersN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'their fathers'.
7
לֹא נָאוָ֣ה לְנָבָ֣ל שְׂפַת יֶ֑תֶר אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי לְנָדִ֥יב שְׂפַת שָֽׁקֶר
Excellent speech becometh not a fool: much less do lying lips a prince.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נָאוָ֣הbecomethAdj · נָאוֶה (H5000)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָאוֶה (H5000) 'becometh'.
לְנָבָ֣לfoolishprep + Adj · נָבָל (H5036)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5036) 'foolish'.
שְׂפַתthe edge ofN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
יֶ֑תֶרthe remainder ofN c · יֶתֶר (H3499)Construct chain (genitival)יֶתֶר (H3499) 'the remainder of'.
אַ֝֗ףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לְנָדִ֥יבwilling ofprep + Adj · נָדִיב (H5081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָדִיב (H5081) 'willing of'.
שְׂפַתthe edge ofN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
שָֽׁקֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
8
אֶֽבֶן חֵ֣ן הַ֭שֹּׁחַד בְּעֵינֵ֣י בְעָלָ֑יו אֶֽל כָּל אֲשֶׁ֖ר יִפְנֶ֣ה יַשְׂכִּֽיל
A gift a precious stone in the eyes of him that has it: whithersoever it turneth, it prospereth.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'turns'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אֶֽבֶןa stoneN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'a stone'.
חֵ֣ןfavorN c · חֵן (H2580)Construct chain (genitival)חֵן (H2580) 'favor'.
הַ֭שֹּׁחַדthe bribeart + N com m sg abs · שֹׁחַד (H7810)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁחַד (H7810) 'the bribe'.
בְּעֵינֵ֣יin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
בְעָלָ֑יוits ownerN c · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167) 'its owner'.
אֶֽלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲשֶׁ֖רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יִפְנֶ֣הturnsQal impf 3ms · פָּנָה (H6437)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּנָה (H6437) 'turns'.
יַשְׂכִּֽילyou may prosperHiphil impf 3ms · שָׂכַל (H7919)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂכַל (H7919) 'you may prosper'.
9
מְֽכַסֶּה פֶּ֭שַׁע מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אַהֲבָ֑ה וְשֹׁנֶ֥ה בְ֝דָבָ֗ר מַפְרִ֥יד אַלּֽוּף
He that covereth a transgression seeketh love; but he that repeateth a matter separateth friends.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'that covers'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מְֽכַסֶּהthat coversPiel ptc ms · כָּסָה (H3680)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּסָה (H3680) 'that covers'.
פֶּ֭שַׁעtransgression/disputed claimN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'transgression/disputed claim'.
מְבַקֵּ֣שׁseekingPiel ptc ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
אַהֲבָ֑הout of the love ofN c · אַהֲבָה (H160)Construct chain (genitival)אַהֲבָה (H160) 'out of the love of'.
וְשֹׁנֶ֥הbeing repeatedconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · שָׁנָה (H8138)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁנָה (H8138) 'being repeated'.
בְ֝דָבָ֗רabout the matterprep + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'about the matter'.
מַפְרִ֥ידwere separatedHiphil ptc ms · פָּרַד (H6504)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּרַד (H6504) 'were separated'.
אַלּֽוּףchiefAdj · אַלּוּף (H441)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַלּוּף (H441) 'chief'.
10
תֵּ֣חַת גְּעָרָ֣ה בְמֵבִ֑ין מֵהַכּ֖וֹת כְּסִ֣יל מֵאָֽה
A reproof entereth more into a wise man than an hundred stripes into a fool.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'be broken'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
תֵּ֣חַתbe brokenQal impf 3fs · נָחַת (H5181)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָחַת (H5181) 'be broken'.
גְּעָרָ֣הinN c · גְּעָרָה (H1606)Construct chain (genitival)גְּעָרָה (H1606) 'in'.
בְמֵבִ֑יןdiscerningprep + Hiphil ptc ms · בִּין (H995)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
מֵהַכּ֖וֹתfrom strikingprep + Hiphil inf constr · הִכָּה (H5221)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהִכָּה (H5221) 'from striking'.
כְּסִ֣ילfoolAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'fool'.
מֵאָֽהa hundredAdj · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'a hundred'.
11
אַךְ מְרִ֥י יְבַקֶּשׁ רָ֑ע וּמַלְאָ֥ךְ אַ֝כְזָרִ֗י יְשֻׁלַּח בּֽוֹ
An evil seeketh only rebellion: therefore a cruel messenger shall be sent against him.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'let him require'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
מְרִ֥יrebellionN c · מְרִי (H4805)Construct chain (genitival)מְרִי (H4805) 'rebellion'.
יְבַקֶּשׁlet him requirePiel impf 3ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'let him require'.
רָ֑עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
וּמַלְאָ֥ךְand a messengerconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'and a messenger'.
אַ֝כְזָרִ֗יcruelAdj · אַכְזָרִי (H394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַכְזָרִי (H394) 'cruel'.
יְשֻׁלַּחhe will sendPual impf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַח (H7971) 'he will send'.
בּֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
12
פָּג֬וֹשׁ דֹּ֣ב שַׁכּ֣וּל בְּאִ֑ישׁ וְאַל כְּ֝סִ֗יל בְּאִוַּלְתּֽוֹ
Let a bear robbed of her whelps meet a man, rather than a fool in his folly.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'and he met him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
פָּג֬וֹשׁand he met himQal inf abs · פָּגַשׁ (H6298)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionפָּגַשׁ (H6298) 'and he met him'.
דֹּ֣בbearN c · דֹּב (H1677)Construct chain (genitival)דֹּב (H1677) 'bear'.
שַׁכּ֣וּלbarrenAdj · שַׁכּוּל (H7909)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁכּוּל (H7909) 'barren'.
בְּאִ֑ישׁagainst the manprep + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'against the man'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
כְּ֝סִ֗ילfoolAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'fool'.
בְּאִוַּלְתּֽוֹfollyprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אִוֶּלֶת (H200)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִוֶּלֶת (H200) 'folly'.
13
מֵשִׁ֣יב רָ֭עָה תַּ֣חַת טוֹבָ֑ה לֹא תמיש תָמ֥וּשׁ רָ֝עָ֗ה מִבֵּיתֽוֹ
Whoso rewardeth evil for good, evil shall not depart from his house.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'returning [her]'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
מֵשִׁ֣יבreturning [her]Hiphil ptc ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשׁוּב (H7725) 'returning [her]'.
רָ֭עָהevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
טוֹבָ֑הgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תמישhe removed/it departedHiphil impf 3fs · מוּשׁ (H4185)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּשׁ (H4185) 'he removed/it departed'.
תָמ֥וּשׁhe removed/it departedQal impf 3fs · מוּשׁ (H4185)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּשׁ (H4185) 'he removed/it departed'.
רָ֝עָ֗הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
מִבֵּיתֽוֹfrom his houseprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'from his house'.
14
פּ֣וֹטֵֽר מַ֭יִם רֵאשִׁ֣ית מָד֑וֹן וְלִפְנֵ֥י הִ֝תְגַּלַּ֗ע הָרִ֥יב נְטֽוֹשׁ
The beginning of strife when one letteth out water: therefore leave off contention, before it be meddled with.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
פּ֣וֹטֵֽרandQal ptc ms · פָּטַר (H6362)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּטַר (H6362) 'and'.
מַ֭יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
רֵאשִׁ֣יתthe first ofN c · רֵאשִׁית (H7225)Construct chain (genitival)רֵאשִׁית (H7225) 'the first of'.
מָד֑וֹןbrawlingN c · מָדוֹן (H4066)Construct chain (genitival)מָדוֹן (H4066) 'brawling'.
וְלִפְנֵ֥יand beforeconj וְ + prep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'and before'.
הִ֝תְגַּלַּ֗עbe obstinateHithpael perf 3ms · גָּלַע (H1566)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלַע (H1566) 'be obstinate'.
הָרִ֥יבthe disputeart + N com c sg abs · רִיב (H7379)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִיב (H7379) 'the dispute'.
נְטֽוֹשׁand he forsookQal impv 2ms · נָטַשׁ (H5203)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָטַשׁ (H5203) 'and he forsook'.
15
מַצְדִּ֣יק רָ֭שָׁע וּמַרְשִׁ֣יעַ צַדִּ֑יק תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶֽם
He that justifieth the wicked, and he that condemneth the just, even they both abomination to YHWH.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and they justify'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מַצְדִּ֣יקand they justifyHiphil ptc ms · צָדַק (H6663)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָדַק (H6663) 'and they justify'.
רָ֭שָׁעthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
וּמַרְשִׁ֣יעַand they condemnconj וְ + Hiphil ptc ms · רָשַׁע (H7561)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָשַׁע (H7561) 'and they condemn'.
צַדִּ֑יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
תּוֹעֲבַ֥תan abomination ofN c · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination of'.
יְ֝הוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
שְׁנֵיהֶֽםboth of themAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'both of them'.
16
לָמָּה זֶּ֣ה מְחִ֣יר בְּיַד כְּסִ֑יל לִקְנ֖וֹת חָכְמָ֣ה וְלֶב אָֽיִן
Wherefore a price in the hand of a fool to get wisdom, seeing no heart ?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'bought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
לָמָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
זֶּ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
מְחִ֣ירor the price ofN c · מְחִיר (H4242)Construct chain (genitival)מְחִיר (H4242) 'or the price of'.
בְּיַדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
כְּסִ֑ילfoolAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'fool'.
לִקְנ֖וֹתboughtprep + Qal inf constr · קָנָה (H7069)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָנָה (H7069) 'bought'.
חָכְמָ֣הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וְלֶבhis heartconj וְ + N com m sg constr · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
אָֽיִןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
17
בְּכָל עֵ֭ת אֹהֵ֣ב הָרֵ֑עַ וְאָ֥ח לְ֝צָרָ֗ה יִוָּלֵֽד
A friend loveth at all times, and a brother is born for adversity.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'loved'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
עֵ֭תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
אֹהֵ֣בlovedQal ptc ms · אָהַב (H157)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָהַב (H157) 'loved'.
הָרֵ֑עַhis neighborart + N com m sg abs · רֵעַ (H7453)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
וְאָ֥חhis brothersconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אָח (H251)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָח (H251) 'his brothers'.
לְ֝צָרָ֗הand troublesprep + N com f sg abs · צָרָה (H6869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָרָה (H6869) 'and troubles'.
יִוָּלֵֽדis bornN · יָלַד (H3205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָלַד (H3205) 'is born'.
18
אָדָ֣ם חֲסַר לֵ֭ב תּוֹקֵ֣עַ כָּ֑ף עֹרֵ֥ב עֲ֝רֻבָּ֗ה לִפְנֵ֥י רֵעֵֽהוּ
A man void of understanding striketh hands, becometh surety in the presence of his friend.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and they blew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אָדָ֣םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
חֲסַרdestituteAdj · חָסֵר (H2638)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָסֵר (H2638) 'destitute'.
לֵ֭בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
תּוֹקֵ֣עַand they blewQal ptc ms · תָּקַע (H8628)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתָּקַע (H8628) 'and they blew'.
כָּ֑ףa pan ofN c · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
עֹרֵ֥בbecame suretyQal ptc ms · עָרַב (H6148)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָרַב (H6148) 'became surety'.
עֲ֝רֻבָּ֗הpledgeN c · עֲרֻבָּה (H6161)Construct chain (genitival)עֲרֻבָּה (H6161) 'pledge'.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
רֵעֵֽהוּhis neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
19
אֹ֣הֵֽב פֶּ֭שַׁע אֹהֵ֣ב מַצָּ֑ה מַגְבִּ֥יהַּ פִּ֝תְח֗וֹ מְבַקֶּשׁ שָֽׁבֶר
He loveth transgression that loveth strife: he that exalteth his gate seeketh destruction.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'loved'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֹ֣הֵֽבlovedQal ptc ms · אָהַב (H157)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָהַב (H157) 'loved'.
פֶּ֭שַׁעtransgression/disputed claimN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'transgression/disputed claim'.
אֹהֵ֣בlovedQal ptc ms · אָהַב (H157)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָהַב (H157) 'loved'.
מַצָּ֑הandN c · מַצָּה (H4683)Construct chain (genitival)מַצָּה (H4683) 'and'.
מַגְבִּ֥יהַּandHiphil ptc ms · גָּבַהּ (H1361)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּבַהּ (H1361) 'and'.
פִּ֝תְח֗וֹthe entrance ofN c · פֶּתַח (H6607)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּתַח (H6607) 'the entrance of'.
מְבַקֶּשׁseekingPiel ptc ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
שָֽׁבֶרa fracture ofN c · שֶׁבֶר (H7667)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁבֶר (H7667) 'a fracture of'.
20
עִקֶּשׁ לֵ֭ב לֹ֣א יִמְצָא ט֑וֹב וְנֶהְפָּ֥ךְ בִּ֝לְשׁוֹנ֗וֹ יִפּ֥וֹל בְּרָעָֽה
He that has a froward heart findeth no good: and he that has a perverse tongue falleth into mischief.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'is found'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עִקֶּשׁcrookedAdj · עִקֵּשׁ (H6141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִקֵּשׁ (H6141) 'crooked'.
לֵ֭בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִמְצָאis foundQal impf 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'is found'.
ט֑וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וְנֶהְפָּ֥ךְand is turnedconj וְ + Niphal ptc ms · הָפַךְ (H2015)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָפַךְ (H2015) 'and is turned'.
בִּ֝לְשׁוֹנ֗וֹby their languagesprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'by their languages'.
יִפּ֥וֹלand he fellQal impf 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
בְּרָעָֽהin miseryprep + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'in misery'.
21
יֹלֵ֣ד כְּ֭סִיל לְת֣וּגָה ל֑וֹ וְלֹֽא יִ֝שְׂמַ֗ח אֲבִ֣י נָבָֽל
He that begetteth a fool to his sorrow: and the father of a fool has no joy.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'fathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יֹלֵ֣דfatheredQal ptc ms · יָלַד (H3205)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָלַד (H3205) 'fathered'.
כְּ֭סִילfoolAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'fool'.
לְת֣וּגָהfromprep + N com f sg abs · תּוּגָה (H8424)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוּגָה (H8424) 'from'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִ֝שְׂמַ֗חand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
אֲבִ֣יmy fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'my father'.
נָבָֽלfoolishAdj · נָבָל (H5036)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5036) 'foolish'.
22
לֵ֣ב שָׂ֭מֵחַ יֵיטִ֣ב גֵּהָ֑ה וְר֥וּחַ נְ֝כֵאָ֗ה תְּיַבֶּשׁ גָּֽרֶם
A merry heart doeth good a medicine: but a broken spirit drieth the bones.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'it may go well'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לֵ֣בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
שָׂ֭מֵחַjoyfulAdj · שָׂמֵחַ (H8056)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂמֵחַ (H8056) 'joyful'.
יֵיטִ֣בit may go wellHiphil impf 3ms · יָטַב (H3190)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
גֵּהָ֑הmedicineN c · גֵּהָה (H1456)Construct chain (genitival)גֵּהָה (H1456) 'medicine'.
וְר֥וּחַand the wind ofconj וְ + N com c sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'and the wind of'.
נְ֝כֵאָ֗הbrokenAdj · נָכֵא (H5218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָכֵא (H5218) 'broken'.
תְּיַבֶּשׁwas dryPiel impf 3fs · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
גָּֽרֶםboneN c · גֶּרֶם (H1634)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּרֶם (H1634) 'bone'.
23
שֹׁ֣חַד מֵ֭חֵיק רָשָׁ֣ע יִקָּ֑ח לְ֝הַטּ֗וֹת אָרְח֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט
A wicked taketh a gift out of the bosom to pervert the ways of judgment.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall take'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שֹׁ֣חַדa bribeN c · שֹׁחַד (H7810)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁחַד (H7810) 'a bribe'.
מֵ֭חֵיקyour bosomprep + N com m sg constr · חֵיק (H2436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵיק (H2436) 'your bosom'.
רָשָׁ֣עthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
יִקָּ֑חhe shall takeQal impf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָקַח (H3947) 'he shall take'.
לְ֝הַטּ֗וֹתstretch outprep + Hiphil inf constr · נָטָה (H5186)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
אָרְח֥וֹתcaravan-routesN c · אֹרַח (H734)Construct chain (genitival)אֹרַח (H734) 'caravan-routes'.
מִשְׁפָּֽטjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
24
אֶת פְּנֵ֣י מֵבִ֣ין חָכְמָ֑ה וְעֵינֵ֥י כְ֝סִ֗יל בִּקְצֵה אָֽרֶץ
Wisdom before him that has understanding; but the eyes of a fool in the ends of the earth.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'discerning'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
פְּנֵ֣יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
מֵבִ֣יןdiscerningHiphil ptc ms · בִּין (H995)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
חָכְמָ֑הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וְעֵינֵ֥יand eyes ofconj וְ + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'and eyes of'.
כְ֝סִ֗ילfoolAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'fool'.
בִּקְצֵהat the edge ofprep + N com c sg constr · קָצֶה (H7097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָצֶה (H7097) 'at the edge of'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
25
כַּ֣עַס לְ֭אָבִיו בֵּ֣ן כְּסִ֑יל וּ֝מֶ֗מֶר לְיוֹלַדְתּֽוֹ
A foolish son a grief to his father, and bitterness to her that bare him.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he fathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
כַּ֣עַסthe provocation ofN c · כַּעַס (H3708)Construct chain (genitival)כַּעַס (H3708) 'the provocation of'.
לְ֭אָבִיוto his fatherprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָב (H1) 'to his father'.
בֵּ֣ןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
כְּסִ֑ילfoolAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'fool'.
וּ֝מֶ֗מֶרandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מֶמֶר (H4470)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶמֶר (H4470) 'and'.
לְיוֹלַדְתּֽוֹand he fatheredprep + Qal ptc fs + sfx 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
26
גַּ֤ם עֲנ֣וֹשׁ לַצַּדִּ֣יק לֹא ט֑וֹב לְהַכּ֖וֹת נְדִיבִ֣ים עַל יֹֽשֶׁר
Also to punish the just not good, to strike princes for equity.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'surely'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
גַּ֤םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
עֲנ֣וֹשׁsurelyQal inf constr · עָנַשׁ (H6064)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָנַשׁ (H6064) 'surely'.
לַצַּדִּ֣יקrighteousprep + art + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
ט֑וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
לְהַכּ֖וֹתto strike downprep + Hiphil inf constr · הִכָּה (H5221)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהִכָּה (H5221) 'to strike down'.
נְדִיבִ֣יםwilling ofAdj · נָדִיב (H5081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָדִיב (H5081) 'willing of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יֹֽשֶׁרor the uprightness ofN c · יֹשֶׁר (H3476)Construct chain (genitival)יֹשֶׁר (H3476) 'or the uprightness of'.
27
חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ אֲ֭מָרָיו יוֹדֵ֣עַ דָּ֑עַת וקר יְקַר ר֝֗וּחַ אִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה
He that has knowledge spareth his words: a man of understanding is of an excellent spirit.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'withheld'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְwithheldQal ptc ms · חָשַׂךְ (H2820)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָשַׂךְ (H2820) 'withheld'.
אֲ֭מָרָיוthe words ofN c · אֵמֶר (H561)Construct chain (genitival)אֵמֶר (H561) 'the words of'.
יוֹדֵ֣עַshall it be knownQal ptc ms · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'shall it be known'.
דָּ֑עַתknowledgeN c · דַּעַת (H1847)Construct chain (genitival)דַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge'.
וקרcoldconj וְ + Adj · קַר (H7119)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קַר (H7119) 'cold'.
יְקַרbrightnessAdj · יָקָר (H3368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָקָר (H3368) 'brightness'.
ר֝֗וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
תְּבוּנָֽהunderstandingN c · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Construct chain (genitival)תְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'understanding'.
28
גַּ֤ם אֱוִ֣יל מַ֭חֲרִישׁ חָכָ֣ם יֵחָשֵׁ֑ב אֹטֵ֖ם שְׂפָתָ֣יו נָבֽוֹן
Even a fool, when he holdeth his peace, is counted wise: he that shutteth his lips a man of understanding.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'keeping silent'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
גַּ֤םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אֱוִ֣ילfoolAdj · אֱוִיל (H191)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱוִיל (H191) 'fool'.
מַ֭חֲרִישׁkeeping silentHiphil ptc ms · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָרַשׁ (H2790) 'keeping silent'.
חָכָ֣םwise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
יֵחָשֵׁ֑בshall be reckonedN · חָשַׁב (H2803)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָשַׁב (H2803) 'shall be reckoned'.
אֹטֵ֖םnarrowQal ptc ms · אָטַם (H331)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָטַם (H331) 'narrow'.
שְׂפָתָ֣יוthe edge ofN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
נָבֽוֹןdiscerningN · בִּין (H995)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּין (H995) 'discerning'.