1
הִנֵּ֨ה עַל הֶהָרִ֜ים רַגְלֵ֤י מְבַשֵּׂר֙ מַשְׁמִ֣יעַ שָׁל֔וֹם חָגִּ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה חַגַּ֖יִךְ שַׁלְּמִ֣י נְדָרָ֑יִךְ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוֹסִ֥יף ע֛וֹד לעבור לַֽעֲבָר בָּ֥ךְ בְּלִיַּ֖עַל כֻּלֹּ֥ה נִכְרָֽת
Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace! O Judah, keep your solemn feasts, perform your vows: for the wicked shall no more pass through you; he is utterly cut off.
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'to'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
הִנֵּ֨הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הֶהָרִ֜יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains'.
רַגְלֵ֤יthe feet ofN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'the feet of'.
מְבַשֵּׂר֙toPiel ptc ms · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
מַשְׁמִ֣יעַand he heardHiphil ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
שָׁל֔וֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
חָגִּ֧יand you shall celebrateQal impv 2fs · חָגַג (H2287)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָגַג (H2287) 'and you shall celebrate'.
יְהוּדָ֛הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
חַגַּ֖יִךְthe feast ofN c · חַג (H2282)Construct chain (genitival)חַג (H2282) 'the feast of'.
שַׁלְּמִ֣יhe shall payPiel impv 2fs · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
נְדָרָ֑יִךְyour vow offeringsN c · נֶדֶר (H5088)Construct chain (genitival)נֶדֶר (H5088) 'your vow offerings'.
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֨אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יוֹסִ֥יףhe will continueHiphil impf 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'he will continue'.
ע֛וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
לעבורto crossprep + Qal inf constr · עָבַר (H5674)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָבַר (H5674) 'to cross'.
לַֽעֲבָרtransgressingprep + Qal inf constr · עָבַר (H5674)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָבַר (H5674) 'transgressing'.
בָּ֥ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
בְּלִיַּ֖עַלworthlessnessN c · בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100)Construct chain (genitival)בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100) 'worthlessness'.
כֻּלֹּ֥הall of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
נִכְרָֽתshall be cut offN · כָּרַת (H3772)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּרַת (H3772) 'shall be cut off'.
2
עָלָ֥ה מֵפִ֛יץ עַל פָּנַ֖יִךְ נָצ֣וֹר מְצֻרָ֑ה צַפֵּה דֶ֨רֶךְ֙ חַזֵּ֣ק מָתְנַ֔יִם אַמֵּ֥ץ כֹּ֖חַ מְאֹֽד
He that dasheth in pieces is come up before your face: keep the munition, watch the way, make loins strong, fortify power mightily.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'go up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
עָלָ֥הgo upQal perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'go up'.
מֵפִ֛יץand let be scatteredHiphil ptc ms · פוּץ (H6327)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפוּץ (H6327) 'and let be scattered'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פָּנַ֖יִךְyour faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'your face'.
נָצ֣וֹרhe guarded himQal inf abs · נָצַר (H5341)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionנָצַר (H5341) 'he guarded him'.
מְצֻרָ֑הfenced (cityN c · מְצוּרָה (H4694)Construct chain (genitival)מְצוּרָה (H4694) 'fenced (city'.
צַפֵּהmay watchPiel impv 2ms · צָפָה (H6822)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeצָפָה (H6822) 'may watch'.
דֶ֨רֶךְ֙the way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
חַזֵּ֣קbe strongPiel impv 2ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
מָתְנַ֔יִםthe loins ofN c · מֹתֶן (H4975)Construct chain (genitival)מֹתֶן (H4975) 'the loins of'.
אַמֵּ֥ץand be courageousPiel impv 2ms · אָמַץ (H553)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָמַץ (H553) 'and be courageous'.
כֹּ֖חַpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
3
כִּ֣י שָׁ֤ב יְהוָה֙ אֶת גְּא֣וֹן יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּגְא֖וֹן יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֤י בְקָקוּם֙ בֹּֽקְקִ֔ים וּזְמֹרֵיהֶ֖ם שִׁחֵֽתוּ
For YHWH has turned away the excellency of Jacob, as the excellency of Israel: for the emptiers have emptied them out, and marred their vine branches.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'return!'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שָׁ֤בreturn!Qal perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'return!'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
גְּא֣וֹןthe pride ofN c · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Construct chain (genitival)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'the pride of'.
יַעֲקֹ֔בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
כִּגְא֖וֹןthe pride ofprep + N com m sg constr · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'the pride of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בְקָקוּם֙failQal perf 3cp + sfx 3mp · בָּקַק (H1238)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּקַק (H1238) 'fail'.
בֹּֽקְקִ֔יםfailQal ptc mp · בָּקַק (H1238)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּקַק (H1238) 'fail'.
וּזְמֹרֵיהֶ֖םa branchconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 3mp · זְמוֹרָה (H2156)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְמוֹרָה (H2156) 'a branch'.
שִׁחֵֽתוּto destroyPiel perf 3cp · שָׁחַת (H7843)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to destroy'.
4
מָגֵ֨ן גִּבֹּרֵ֜יהוּ מְאָדָּ֗ם אַנְשֵׁי חַ֨יִל֙ מְתֻלָּעִ֔ים בְּאֵשׁ פְּלָד֥וֹת הָרֶ֖כֶב בְּי֣וֹם הֲכִינ֑וֹ וְהַבְּרֹשִׁ֖ים הָרְעָֽלוּ
The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men in scarlet: the chariots with flaming torches in the day of his preparation, and the fir trees shall be terribly shaken.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'dyed red'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
מָגֵ֨ןthe shield ofN c · מָגֵן (H4043)Construct chain (genitival)מָגֵן (H4043) 'the shield of'.
גִּבֹּרֵ֜יהוּmightyAdj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
מְאָדָּ֗םdyed redPual ptc ms · אָדַם (H119)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָדַם (H119) 'dyed red'.
אַנְשֵׁיthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
חַ֨יִל֙abilityN c · חַיִל (H2428)Construct chain (genitival)חַיִל (H2428) 'ability'.
מְתֻלָּעִ֔יםscarletPual ptc mp · תָּלַע (H8529)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתָּלַע (H8529) 'scarlet'.
בְּאֵשׁwith fireprep + N com c sg constr · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'with fire'.
פְּלָד֥וֹתtorchN c · פְּלָדָה (H6393)Construct chain (genitival)פְּלָדָה (H6393) 'torch'.
הָרֶ֖כֶבthe chariotsart + N com m sg abs · רֶכֶב (H7393)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶכֶב (H7393) 'the chariots'.
בְּי֣וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הֲכִינ֑וֹprepareHiphil inf constr + sfx 3ms · כּוּן (H3559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכּוּן (H3559) 'prepare'.
וְהַבְּרֹשִׁ֖יםfirconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · בְּרוֹשׁ (H1265)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּרוֹשׁ (H1265) 'fir'.
הָרְעָֽלוּterribly shakeHophal perf 3cp · רָעַל (H7477)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָעַל (H7477) 'terribly shake'.
5
בַּֽחוּצוֹת֙ יִתְהוֹלְל֣וּ הָרֶ֔כֶב יִֽשְׁתַּקְשְׁק֖וּן בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶן֙ כַּלַּפִּידִ֔ם כַּבְּרָקִ֖ים יְרוֹצֵֽצוּ
The chariots shall rage in the streets, they shall justle one against another in the broad ways: they shall seem like torches, they shall run like the lightnings.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בַּֽחוּצוֹת֙outsideprep + art + N com m pl abs · חוּץ (H2351)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside'.
יִתְהוֹלְל֣וּand they praisedHithpolel impf 3mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
הָרֶ֔כֶבthe chariotsart + N com m sg abs · רֶכֶב (H7393)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶכֶב (H7393) 'the chariots'.
יִֽשְׁתַּקְשְׁק֖וּןhave appetitef impf 3mp + Sn · שָׁקַק (H8264)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁקַק (H8264) 'have appetite'.
בָּרְחֹב֑וֹתin the squareprep + art + N com f pl abs · רְחוֹב (H7339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְחוֹב (H7339) 'in the square'.
מַרְאֵיהֶן֙appearanceN c · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Construct chain (genitival)מַרְאֶה (H4758) 'appearance'.
כַּלַּפִּידִ֔םthe lightning flashes/torchesprep + art + N com m pl abs · לַפִּיד (H3940)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַפִּיד (H3940) 'the lightning flashes/torches'.
כַּבְּרָקִ֖יםthe flash ofprep + art + N com m pl abs · בָּרָק (H1300)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּרָק (H1300) 'the flash of'.
יְרוֹצֵֽצוּand he ranPolel impf 3mp · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
6
יִזְכֹּר֙ אַדִּירָ֔יו יִכָּשְׁל֖וּ בהלכותם בַּהֲלִֽיכָתָ֑ם יְמַֽהֲרוּ֙ חֽוֹמָתָ֔הּ וְהֻכַ֖ן הַסֹּכֵֽךְ
He shall recount his worthies: they shall stumble in their walk; they shall make haste to the wall thereof, and the defence shall be prepared.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
יִזְכֹּר֙and you shall rememberQal impf 3ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָכַר (H2142) 'and you shall remember'.
אַדִּירָ֔יוwaters.Adj · אַדִּיר (H117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַדִּיר (H117) 'waters.'.
יִכָּשְׁל֖וּand they shall stumbleN · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
בהלכותםinprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 3mp · הֲלִיכָה (H1979)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֲלִיכָה (H1979) 'in'.
בַּהֲלִֽיכָתָ֑םinprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3mp · הֲלִיכָה (H1979)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֲלִיכָה (H1979) 'in'.
יְמַֽהֲרוּ֙and she hurriedPiel impf 3mp · מָהַר (H4116)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָהַר (H4116) 'and she hurried'.
חֽוֹמָתָ֔הּthe city-wallN c · חוֹמָה (H2346)Construct chain (genitival)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'the city-wall'.
וְהֻכַ֖ןand prepareconj וְ + Hophal perf 3ms · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכּוּן (H3559) 'and prepare'.
הַסֹּכֵֽךְcoveringart + N com m sg abs · סָכַךְ (H5526)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָכַךְ (H5526) 'covering'.
7
שַׁעֲרֵ֥י הַנְּהָר֖וֹת נִפְתָּ֑חוּ וְהַֽהֵיכָ֖ל נָמֽוֹג
The gates of the rivers shall be opened, and the palace shall be dissolved.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
שַׁעֲרֵ֥יthe gate ofN c · שַׁעַר (H8179)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate of'.
הַנְּהָר֖וֹתthe riverart + N com m pl abs · נָהָר (H5104)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָהָר (H5104) 'the river'.
נִפְתָּ֑חוּwere openedN · פָּתַח (H6605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּתַח (H6605) 'were opened'.
וְהַֽהֵיכָ֖לpalaceconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · הֵיכָל (H1964)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵיכָל (H1964) 'palace'.
נָמֽוֹגmelt awayN · מוּג (H4127)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוּג (H4127) 'melt away'.
8
וְהֻצַּ֖ב גֻּלְּתָ֣ה הֹֽעֲלָ֑תָה וְאַמְהֹתֶ֗יהָ מְנַֽהֲגוֹת֙ כְּק֣וֹל יוֹנִ֔ים מְתֹפְפֹ֖ת עַל לִבְבֵהֶֽן
And Huzzab shall be led away captive, she shall be brought up, and her maids shall lead as with the voice of doves, tabering upon their breasts.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'standing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְהֻצַּ֖בstandingconj וְ + Hophal perf 3ms · נָצַב (H5324)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָצַב (H5324) 'standing'.
גֻּלְּתָ֣הshe has uncoveredPual perf 3fs · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'she has uncovered'.
הֹֽעֲלָ֑תָהand he went upHophal perf 3fs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'and he went up'.
וְאַמְהֹתֶ֗יהָyour maidservantconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 3fs · אָמָה (H519)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמָה (H519) 'your maidservant'.
מְנַֽהֲגוֹת֙he will drive youPiel ptc fp · נָהַג (H5090)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָהַג (H5090) 'he will drive you'.
כְּק֣וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
יוֹנִ֔יםthe doveN c · יוֹנָה (H3123)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹנָה (H3123) 'the dove'.
מְתֹפְפֹ֖תtaberPoel ptc fp · תָּפַף (H8608)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתָּפַף (H8608) 'taber'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
לִבְבֵהֶֽןyour heartN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'your heart'.
9
וְנִינְוֵ֥ה כִבְרֵֽכַת מַ֖יִם מִ֣ימֵי הִ֑יא וְהֵ֣מָּה נָסִ֔ים עִמְד֥וּ עֲמֹ֖דוּ וְאֵ֥ין מַפְנֶֽה
But Nineveh of old like a pool of water: yet they shall flee away. Stand, stand, ; but none shall look back.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'were fleeing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְנִינְוֵ֥הNinevehconj וְ + N proper · נִינְוֵה (H5210)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִינְוֵה (H5210) 'Nineveh'.
כִבְרֵֽכַת(fish-) poolprep + N com f sg constr · בְּרֵכָה (H1295)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּרֵכָה (H1295) '(fish-) pool'.
מַ֖יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
מִ֣ימֵיtodayprep + N com m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הִ֑יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
וְהֵ֣מָּהnow theyconj וְ + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'now they'.
נָסִ֔יםwere fleeingQal ptc mp · נוּס (H5127)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנוּס (H5127) 'were fleeing'.
עִמְד֥וּhis standingQal impv 2mp · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָמַד (H5975) 'his standing'.
עֲמֹ֖דוּhis standingQal impv 2mp · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָמַד (H5975) 'his standing'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מַפְנֶֽהand they turnedHiphil ptc ms · פָּנָה (H6437)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּנָה (H6437) 'and they turned'.
10
בֹּ֥זּוּ כֶ֖סֶף בֹּ֣זּוּ זָהָ֑ב וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֨צֶה֙ לַתְּכוּנָ֔ה כָּבֹ֕ד מִכֹּ֖ל כְּלִ֥י חֶמְדָּֽה
Take you the spoil of silver, take the spoil of gold: for none end of the store glory out of all the pleasant furniture.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'they plundered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
בֹּ֥זּוּthey plunderedQal impv 2mp · בָּזַז (H962)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבָּזַז (H962) 'they plundered'.
כֶ֖סֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
בֹּ֣זּוּthey plunderedQal impv 2mp · בָּזַז (H962)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבָּזַז (H962) 'they plundered'.
זָהָ֑בgoldN c · זָהָב (H2091)Construct chain (genitival)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
קֵ֨צֶה֙the end ofN c · קָצֶה (H7097)Construct chain (genitival)קָצֶה (H7097) 'the end of'.
לַתְּכוּנָ֔הandprep + art + N com f sg abs · תְּכוּנָה (H8498)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּכוּנָה (H8498) 'and'.
כָּבֹ֕דthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
מִכֹּ֖לfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'from all'.
כְּלִ֥יarticle ofN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'article of'.
חֶמְדָּֽהthe desirable onesN c · חֶמְדָּה (H2532)Construct chain (genitival)חֶמְדָּה (H2532) 'the desirable ones'.
11
בּוּקָ֥ה וּמְבוּקָ֖ה וּמְבֻלָּקָ֑ה וְלֵ֨ב נָמֵ֜ס וּפִ֣ק בִּרְכַּ֗יִם וְחַלְחָלָה֙ בְּכָל מָתְנַ֔יִם וּפְנֵ֥י כֻלָּ֖ם קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר
She is empty, and void, and waste: and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and much pain in all loins, and the faces of them all gather blackness.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
בּוּקָ֥הemptyN c · בּוּקָה (H950)Construct chain (genitival)בּוּקָה (H950) 'empty'.
וּמְבוּקָ֖הandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מְבוּקָה (H4003)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְבוּקָה (H4003) 'and'.
וּמְבֻלָּקָ֑הandconj וְ + Pual ptc fs · בָּלַק (H1110)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּלַק (H1110) 'and'.
וְלֵ֨בhis heartconj וְ + N com m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
נָמֵ֜סand it meltedN · מָסַס (H4549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָסַס (H4549) 'and it melted'.
וּפִ֣קandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · פִּיק (H6375)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּיק (H6375) 'and'.
בִּרְכַּ֗יִםthe kneesN c · בֶּרֶךְ (H1290)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּרֶךְ (H1290) 'the knees'.
וְחַלְחָלָה֙(greatconj וְ + N com f sg abs · חַלְחָלָה (H2479)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַלְחָלָה (H2479) '(great'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
מָתְנַ֔יִםthe loins ofN c · מֹתֶן (H4975)Construct chain (genitival)מֹתֶן (H4975) 'the loins of'.
וּפְנֵ֥יbut my faceconj וְ + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'but my face'.
כֻלָּ֖םall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
קִבְּצ֥וּyou shall gatherPiel perf 3cp · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָבַץ (H6908) 'you shall gather'.
פָארֽוּרblacknessN c · פָּארוּר (H6289)Construct chain (genitival)פָּארוּר (H6289) 'blackness'.
12
אַיֵּה֙ מְע֣וֹן אֲרָי֔וֹת וּמִרְעֶ֥ה ה֖וּא לַכְּפִרִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַךְ֩ אַרְיֵ֨ה לָבִ֥יא שָׁ֛ם גּ֥וּר אַרְיֵ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד
Where the dwelling of the lions, and the feedingplace of the young lions, where the lion, the old lion, walked, the lion's whelp, and none made afraid?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'went'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אַיֵּה֙whereinterrog. · אַיֵּה (H346)Particle or relational elementאַיֵּה (H346) 'where'.
מְע֣וֹןfrom the dwelling ofN c · מָעוֹן (H4583)Construct chain (genitival)מָעוֹן (H4583) 'from the dwelling of'.
אֲרָי֔וֹתa lionN c · אַרְיֵה (H738)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
וּמִרְעֶ֥הpastureconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מִרְעֶה (H4829)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִרְעֶה (H4829) 'pasture'.
ה֖וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
לַכְּפִרִ֑יםyoung lionprep + art + N com m pl abs · כְּפִיר (H3715)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּפִיר (H3715) 'young lion'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הָלַךְ֩wentQal perf 3ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
אַרְיֵ֨הa lionN c · אַרְיֵה (H738)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
לָבִ֥יאand like a lionessN c · לָבִיא (H3833)Construct chain (genitival)לָבִיא (H3833) 'and like a lioness'.
שָׁ֛םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
גּ֥וּרthe whelp ofN c · גּוּר (H1482)Construct chain (genitival)גּוּר (H1482) 'the whelp of'.
אַרְיֵ֖הa lionN c · אַרְיֵה (H738)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מַחֲרִֽידone to frighten awayHiphil ptc ms · חָרַד (H2729)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָרַד (H2729) 'one to frighten away'.
13
אַרְיֵ֤ה טֹרֵף֙ בְּדֵ֣י גֹֽרוֹתָ֔יו וּמְחַנֵּ֖ק לְלִבְאֹתָ֑יו וַיְמַלֵּא טֶ֣רֶף חֹרָ֔יו וּמְעֹֽנֹתָ֖יו טְרֵפָֽה
The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his holes with prey, and his dens with ravin.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'indeed torn/mauled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אַרְיֵ֤הa lionN c · אַרְיֵה (H738)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
טֹרֵף֙indeed torn/mauledQal ptc ms · טָרַף (H2963)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorטָרַף (H2963) 'indeed torn/mauled'.
בְּדֵ֣יthan enough forprep + N com m sg constr · דַּי (H1767)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּי (H1767) 'than enough for'.
גֹֽרוֹתָ֔יוas / likeN c · גּוֹר (H1484)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹר (H1484) 'as / like'.
וּמְחַנֵּ֖קandconj וְ + Piel ptc ms · חָנַק (H2614)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָנַק (H2614) 'and'.
לְלִבְאֹתָ֑יוand like a lionessprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · לָבִיא (H3833)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָבִיא (H3833) 'and like a lioness'.
וַיְמַלֵּאand he filledconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלֵא (H4390) 'and he filled'.
טֶ֣רֶףpreyN c · טֶרֶף (H2964)Construct chain (genitival)טֶרֶף (H2964) 'prey'.
חֹרָ֔יוcaveN c · חוֹר (H2356)Construct chain (genitival)חוֹר (H2356) 'cave'.
וּמְעֹֽנֹתָ֖יוa dwelling placeconj וְ + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · מְעוֹנָה (H4585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְעוֹנָה (H4585) 'a dwelling place'.
טְרֵפָֽהtorn (by beasts)N c · טְרֵפָה (H2966)Construct chain (genitival)טְרֵפָה (H2966) 'torn (by beasts)'.
14
הִנְנִ֣י אֵלַ֗יִךְ נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְהִבְעַרְתִּ֤י בֶֽעָשָׁן֙ רִכְבָּ֔הּ וּכְפִירַ֖יִךְ תֹּ֣אכַל חָ֑רֶב וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י מֵאֶ֨רֶץ֙ טַרְפֵּ֔ךְ וְלֹֽא יִשָּׁמַ֥ע ע֖וֹד ק֥וֹל מַלְאָכֵֽכֵה
Behold, I against you, says YHWH of hosts, and I will burn her chariots in the smoke, and the sword shall devour your young lions: and I will cut off your prey from the earth, and the voice of your messengers shall no more be heard.
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'so you shall purge'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
הִנְנִ֣יbehold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
אֵלַ֗יִךְto youprep + sfx 2fs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
נְאֻם֙utterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֔וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
וְהִבְעַרְתִּ֤יso you shall purgeconj וְ + Hiphil perf 1cs · בָּעַר (H1197)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּעַר (H1197) 'so you shall purge'.
בֶֽעָשָׁן֙smoke ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · עָשָׁן (H6227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׁן (H6227) 'smoke of'.
רִכְבָּ֔הּchariots ofN c · רֶכֶב (H7393)Construct chain (genitival)רֶכֶב (H7393) 'chariots of'.
וּכְפִירַ֖יִךְyoung lionconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 2fs · כְּפִיר (H3715)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּפִיר (H3715) 'young lion'.
תֹּ֣אכַלyou shall eatQal impf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
חָ֑רֶבthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
וְהִכְרַתִּ֤יand I will cut offconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · כָּרַת (H3772)Particle or relational elementכָּרַת (H3772) 'and I will cut off'.
מֵאֶ֨רֶץ֙from the land ofprep + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'from the land of'.
טַרְפֵּ֔ךְpreyN c · טֶרֶף (H2964)Construct chain (genitival)טֶרֶף (H2964) 'prey'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִשָּׁמַ֥עwill listen/obeyN · שָׁמַע (H8085)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַע (H8085) 'will listen/obey'.
ע֖וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
ק֥וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
מַלְאָכֵֽכֵהthe angel ofN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'the angel of'.