Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Hosea, Chapter 9הושע 9

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Hosea 9 (17 verses in the MT) opens: Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as people: for you have gone a whoring from your God, you have loved a reward upon every cornfloor. The middle of the chapter continues: They have deeply corrupted , as in the days of Gibeah: he will remember their iniquity, he will visit their sins. It closes: My God will cast them away, because they did not hearken to him: and they shall be wanderers among the nations.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Hosea 9 comprises 17 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as people: for you have gone a whoring f. Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as people: for you have gone a whoring from your God, you have loved a reward upon every cornfloor. The floor and the winepress shall not feed them, and the new wine shall fail in her. They shall not dwell in YHWH's land; but Ephraim shall return to Egypt, and they shall eat unclean in Assyria. They shall not offer wine to. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — What will you do in the solemn day, and in the day of the feast of YHWH?. What will you do in the solemn day, and in the day of the feast of YHWH? For, lo, they are gone because of destruction: Egypt shall gather them up, Memphis shall bury them: the pleasant for their silver, nettles shall possess them: thorns in their tabernacles. The days of visitation are come, the days of recompence are come; Israel shall know : the prophet. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — They have deeply corrupted , as in the days of Gibeah: he will remember. They have deeply corrupted , as in the days of Gibeah: he will remember their iniquity, he will visit their sins. I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the firstripe in the fig tree at her first time: they went to Baalpeor, and separated themselves to shame; and abominations were according as they loved. Ephraim, their glory. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — Ephraim, as I saw Tyrus, planted in a pleasant place: but Ephraim shall. Ephraim, as I saw Tyrus, planted in a pleasant place: but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the murderer. Give them, O YHWH: what will you give? give them a miscarrying womb and dry breasts. All their wickedness in Gilgal: for there I hated them: for the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of mine house, I will love them no more: all. Movement V (vv. 17) — My God will cast them away, because they did not hearken to him: and the. My God will cast them away, because they did not hearken to him: and they shall be wanderers among the nations. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

אַל תִּשְׂמַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶל גִּיל֙ כָּֽעַמִּ֔ים כִּ֥י זָנִ֖יתָ מֵעַ֣ל אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אָהַ֣בְתָּ אֶתְנָ֔ן עַ֖ל כָּל גָּרְנ֥וֹת דָּגָֽן

Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as people: for you have gone a whoring from your God, you have loved a reward upon every cornfloor.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּשְׂמַ֨חand you shall rejoiceQal jussive 2ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֤לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
גִּיל֙andN c · גִּיל (H1524)Construct chain (genitival)גִּיל (H1524) 'and'.
כָּֽעַמִּ֔יםthe peopleprep + art + N com m pl abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
זָנִ֖יתָa prostituteQal perf 2ms · זָנָה (H2181)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָנָה (H2181) 'a prostitute'.
מֵעַ֣לfrom uponprep + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from upon'.
אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
אָהַ֣בְתָּyou loveQal perf 2ms · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָהַב (H157) 'you love'.
אֶתְנָ֔ןthe hire ofN c · אֶתְנָן (H868)Construct chain (genitival)אֶתְנָן (H868) 'the hire of'.
עַ֖לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
גָּרְנ֥וֹתthe threshing floorN c · גֹּרֶן (H1637)Construct chain (genitival)גֹּרֶן (H1637) 'the threshing floor'.
דָּגָֽןgrainN c · דָּגָן (H1715)Construct chain (genitival)דָּגָן (H1715) 'grain'.
2

גֹּ֥רֶן וָיֶ֖קֶב לֹ֣א יִרְעֵ֑ם וְתִיר֖וֹשׁ יְכַ֥חֶשׁ בָּֽהּ

The floor and the winepress shall not feed them, and the new wine shall fail in her.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shepherding'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
גֹּ֥רֶןthe threshing floorN c · גֹּרֶן (H1637)Construct chain (genitival)גֹּרֶן (H1637) 'the threshing floor'.
וָיֶ֖קֶבthe winepressconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יֶקֶב (H3342)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶקֶב (H3342) 'the winepress'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִרְעֵ֑םshepherdingQal impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · רָעָה (H7462)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
וְתִיר֖וֹשׁand new wineconj וְ + N com m sg abs · תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492) 'and new wine'.
יְכַ֥חֶשׁand they shall cringePiel impf 3ms · כָּחַשׁ (H3584)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּחַשׁ (H3584) 'and they shall cringe'.
בָּֽהּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
3

לֹ֥א יֵשְׁב֖וּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁ֤ב אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבְאַשּׁ֖וּר טָמֵ֥א יֹאכֵֽלוּ

They shall not dwell in YHWH's land; but Ephraim shall return to Egypt, and they shall eat unclean in Assyria.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'lived'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יֵשְׁב֖וּlivedQal impf 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'lived'.
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְשָׁ֤בand it turnedconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Particle or relational elementשׁוּב (H7725) 'and it turned'.
אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙EphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
מִצְרַ֔יִםEgyptN · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'.
וּבְאַשּׁ֖וּרAsshurconj וְ + prep + N proper · אַשּׁוּר (H804)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַשּׁוּר (H804) 'Asshur'.
טָמֵ֥אuncleanAdj · טָמֵא (H2931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'.
יֹאכֵֽלוּthey shall be eatenQal impf 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'they shall be eaten'.
4

לֹא יִסְּכ֨וּ לַיהוָ֥ה יַיִן֮ וְלֹ֣א יֶֽעֶרְבוּ לוֹ֒ זִבְחֵיהֶ֗ם כְּלֶ֤חֶם אוֹנִים֙ לָהֶ֔ם כָּל אֹכְלָ֖יו יִטַמָּ֑אוּ כִּֽי לַחְמָ֣ם לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם לֹ֥א יָב֖וֹא בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה

They shall not offer wine to YHWH, neither shall they be pleasing to him: their sacrifices to them as the bread of mourners; all that eat thereof shall be polluted: for their bread for their soul shall not come into the house of YHWH.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he poured'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִסְּכ֨וּand he pouredQal impf 3mp · נָסַךְ (H5258)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָסַךְ (H5258) 'and he poured'.
לַיהוָ֥הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
יַיִן֮wineN c · יַיִן (H3196)Construct chain (genitival)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יֶֽעֶרְבוּwill be surety for himQal impf 3mp · עָרַב (H6148)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָרַב (H6148) 'will be surety for him'.
לוֹ֒to himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
זִבְחֵיהֶ֗םtheir sacrificesN c · זֶבַח (H2077)Construct chain (genitival)זֶבַח (H2077) 'their sacrifices'.
כְּלֶ֤חֶםbreadprep + N com c sg constr · לֶחֶם (H3899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
אוֹנִים֙iniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
לָהֶ֔םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֹכְלָ֖יוeats itQal ptc mp + sfx 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָכַל (H398) 'eats it'.
יִטַמָּ֑אוּthey defileHithpael impf 3mp · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalטָמֵא (H2930) 'they defile'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לַחְמָ֣םbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
לְנַפְשָׁ֔םyour soulprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָב֖וֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
5

מַֽה תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ לְי֣וֹם מוֹעֵ֑ד וּלְי֖וֹם חַג יְהוָֽה

What will you do in the solemn day, and in the day of the feast of YHWH?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מַֽהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
תַּעֲשׂ֖וּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you shall do'.
לְי֣וֹםfor the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'for the day'.
מוֹעֵ֑דmeetingN c · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹעֵד (H4150) 'meeting'.
וּלְי֖וֹםon the dayconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
חַגthe feast ofN c · חַג (H2282)Construct chain (genitival)חַג (H2282) 'the feast of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
6

כִּֽי הִנֵּ֤ה הָֽלְכוּ֙ מִשֹּׁ֔ד מִצְרַ֥יִם תְּקַבְּצֵ֖ם מֹ֣ף תְּקַבְּרֵ֑ם מַחְמַ֣ד לְכַסְפָּ֗ם קִמּוֹשׂ֙ יִֽירָשֵׁ֔ם ח֖וֹחַ בְּאָהֳלֵיהֶֽם

For, lo, they are gone because of destruction: Egypt shall gather them up, Memphis shall bury them: the pleasant for their silver, nettles shall possess them: thorns in their tabernacles.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'walked'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
הָֽלְכוּ֙walkedQal perf 3cp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'walked'.
מִשֹּׁ֔דdesolationprep + N com m sg abs · שֹׁד (H7701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁד (H7701) 'desolation'.
מִצְרַ֥יִםEgyptN · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'.
תְּקַבְּצֵ֖םand he gatheredPiel impf 3fs + sfx 3mp · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָבַץ (H6908) 'and he gathered'.
מֹ֣ףMemphis. CompareN · מֹף (H4644)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֹף (H4644) 'Memphis. Compare'.
תְּקַבְּרֵ֑םand he was buriedPiel impf 3fs + sfx 3mp · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָבַר (H6912) 'and he was buried'.
מַחְמַ֣דbelovedN c · מַחְמָד (H4261)Construct chain (genitival)מַחְמָד (H4261) 'beloved'.
לְכַסְפָּ֗םsilverprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
קִמּוֹשׂ֙nettle. CompareN c · קִמּוֹשׁ (H7057)Construct chain (genitival)קִמּוֹשׁ (H7057) 'nettle. Compare'.
יִֽירָשֵׁ֔םto possess itQal impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess it'.
ח֖וֹחַbrambleN c · חוֹחַ (H2336)Construct chain (genitival)חוֹחַ (H2336) 'bramble'.
בְּאָהֳלֵיהֶֽםthe tent ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · אֹהֶל (H168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹהֶל (H168) 'the tent of'.
7

בָּ֣אוּ יְמֵ֣י הַפְּקֻדָּ֗ה בָּ֚אוּ יְמֵ֣י הַשִׁלֻּ֔ם יֵדְע֖וּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֱוִ֣יל הַנָּבִ֗יא מְשֻׁגָּע֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָר֔וּחַ עַ֚ל רֹ֣ב עֲוֺנְךָ֔ וְרַבָּ֖ה מַשְׂטֵמָֽה

The days of visitation are come, the days of recompence are come; Israel shall know : the prophet a fool, the spiritual man mad, for the multitude of your iniquity, and the great hatred.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
בָּ֣אוּcameQal perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
יְמֵ֣יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
הַפְּקֻדָּ֗הand the fate ofart + N com f sg abs · פְּקֻדָּה (H6486)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּקֻדָּה (H6486) 'and the fate of'.
בָּ֚אוּcameQal perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
יְמֵ֣יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
הַשִׁלֻּ֔םrecompenseart + N com m sg abs · שִׁלּוּם (H7966)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁלּוּם (H7966) 'recompense'.
יֵדְע֖וּhave knownQal impf 3mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אֱוִ֣ילfoolAdj · אֱוִיל (H191)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱוִיל (H191) 'fool'.
הַנָּבִ֗יאthe prophetart + N com m sg abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'the prophet'.
מְשֻׁגָּע֙driven madPual ptc ms · שָׁגַע (H7696)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁגַע (H7696) 'driven mad'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
הָר֔וּחַthe spiritart + N com c sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'the spirit'.
עַ֚לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רֹ֣בthe abundance ofN c · רֹב (H7230)Construct chain (genitival)רֹב (H7230) 'the abundance of'.
עֲוֺנְךָ֔the iniquity ofN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
וְרַבָּ֖הmanyconj וְ + Adj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
מַשְׂטֵמָֽהhatredN c · מַשְׂטֵמָה (H4895)Construct chain (genitival)מַשְׂטֵמָה (H4895) 'hatred'.
8

צֹפֶ֥ה אֶפְרַ֖יִם עִם אֱלֹהָ֑י נָבִ֞יא פַּ֤ח יָקוֹשׁ֙ עַל כָּל דְּרָכָ֔יו מַשְׂטֵמָ֖ה בְּבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽיו

The watchman of Ephraim with my God: the prophet a snare of a fowler in all his ways, hatred in the house of his God.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'may watch'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
צֹפֶ֥הmay watchQal ptc ms · צָפָה (H6822)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָפָה (H6822) 'may watch'.
אֶפְרַ֖יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אֱלֹהָ֑יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
נָבִ֞יאa prophetN c · נָבִיא (H5030)Construct chain (genitival)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
פַּ֤חsheets ofN c · פַּח (H6341)Construct chain (genitival)פַּח (H6341) 'sheets of'.
יָקוֹשׁ֙fowlerN c · יָקוֹשׁ (H3352)Construct chain (genitival)יָקוֹשׁ (H3352) 'fowler'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
דְּרָכָ֔יוhis waysN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'his ways'.
מַשְׂטֵמָ֖הhatredN c · מַשְׂטֵמָה (H4895)Construct chain (genitival)מַשְׂטֵמָה (H4895) 'hatred'.
בְּבֵ֥יתin the houseprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'in the house'.
אֱלֹהָֽיוhis GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'his God'.
9

הֶעְמִֽיקוּ שִׁחֵ֖תוּ כִּימֵ֣י הַגִּבְעָ֑ה יִזְכּ֣וֹר עֲוֺנָ֔ם יִפְק֖וֹד חַטֹּאותָֽם

They have deeply corrupted , as in the days of Gibeah: he will remember their iniquity, he will visit their sins.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is '(be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֶעְמִֽיקוּ(beHiphil perf 3cp · עָמַק (H6009)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָמַק (H6009) '(be'.
שִׁחֵ֖תוּto destroyPiel perf 3cp · שָׁחַת (H7843)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to destroy'.
כִּימֵ֣יas the days ofprep + N com m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'as the days of'.
הַגִּבְעָ֑הGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1390) 'Gibeah'.
יִזְכּ֣וֹרand you shall rememberQal impf 3ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָכַר (H2142) 'and you shall remember'.
עֲוֺנָ֔םtheir iniquityN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'their iniquity'.
יִפְק֖וֹדtheir mustered (men)Qal impf 3ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
חַטֹּאותָֽםas a sin offeringN c · חַטָּאת (H2403)Construct chain (genitival)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'as a sin offering'.
10

כַּעֲנָבִ֣ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר מָצָ֨אתִי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּבִכּוּרָ֤ה בִתְאֵנָה֙ בְּרֵ֣אשִׁיתָ֔הּ רָאִ֖יתִי אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם הֵ֜מָּה בָּ֣אוּ בַֽעַל פְּע֗וֹר וַיִּנָּֽזְרוּ֙ לַבֹּ֔שֶׁת וַיִּהְי֥וּ שִׁקּוּצִ֖ים כְּאָהֳבָֽם

I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the firstripe in the fig tree at her first time: they went to Baalpeor, and separated themselves to shame; and abominations were according as they loved.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have found'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כַּעֲנָבִ֣יםgrapesprep + N com m pl abs · עֵנָב (H6025)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵנָב (H6025) 'grapes'.
בַּמִּדְבָּ֗רin the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
מָצָ֨אתִי֙I have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
כְּבִכּוּרָ֤הas / likeprep + N com f sg abs · בִּכּוּרָה (H1063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּכּוּרָה (H1063) 'as / like'.
בִתְאֵנָה֙and fig treeprep + N com f sg abs · תְּאֵנָה (H8384)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּאֵנָה (H8384) 'and fig tree'.
בְּרֵ֣אשִׁיתָ֔הּthe first ofprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3fs · רֵאשִׁית (H7225)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵאשִׁית (H7225) 'the first of'.
רָאִ֖יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑םyour fathersN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'your fathers'.
הֵ֜מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
בָּ֣אוּcameQal perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
בַֽעַלBaal-N · פְּעוֹר (H1187)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּעוֹר (H1187) 'Baal-'.
פְּע֗וֹרPeorN · פְּעוֹר (H1187)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּעוֹר (H1187) 'Peor'.
וַיִּנָּֽזְרוּ֙that they separate themselvesconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָזַר (H5144)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָזַר (H5144) 'that they separate themselves'.
לַבֹּ֔שֶׁתtoprep + art + N com f sg abs · בֹּשֶׁת (H1322)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּשֶׁת (H1322) 'to'.
וַיִּהְי֥וּand they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and they were'.
שִׁקּוּצִ֖יםtheir detestable thingsN c · שִׁקּוּץ (H8251)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁקּוּץ (H8251) 'their detestable things'.
כְּאָהֳבָֽםto loveprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3mp · אָהַב (H157)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָהַב (H157) 'to love'.
11

אֶפְרַ֕יִם כָּע֖וֹף יִתְעוֹפֵ֣ף כְּבוֹדָ֑ם מִלֵּדָ֥ה וּמִבֶּ֖טֶן וּמֵהֵרָיֽוֹן

Ephraim, their glory shall fly away like a bird, from the birth, and from the womb, and from the conception.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and exhausted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אֶפְרַ֕יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
כָּע֖וֹףbird ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · עוֹף (H5775)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹף (H5775) 'bird of'.
יִתְעוֹפֵ֣ףand exhaustedHithpolel impf 3ms · עוּף (H5774)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעוּף (H5774) 'and exhausted'.
כְּבוֹדָ֑םthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
מִלֵּדָ֥הand he fatheredprep + N com f sg abs · יָלַד (H3205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
וּמִבֶּ֖טֶןyour wombconj וְ + prep + N com f sg abs · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'your womb'.
וּמֵהֵרָיֽוֹןand your conceptionconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · הֵרָיוֹן (H2032)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵרָיוֹן (H2032) 'and your conception'.
12

כִּ֤י אִם יְגַדְּלוּ֙ אֶת בְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וְשִׁכַּלְתִּ֖ים מֵֽאָדָ֑ם כִּֽי גַם א֥וֹי לָהֶ֖ם בְּשׂוּרִ֥י מֵהֶֽם

Though they bring up their children, yet will I bereave them, not a man : yea, woe also to them when I depart from them!

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he grew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יְגַדְּלוּ֙and he grewPiel impf 3mp · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּדַל (H1431) 'and he grew'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
בְּנֵיהֶ֔םtheir sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'their sons'.
וְשִׁכַּלְתִּ֖יםshall bereaveconj וְ + Piel q 1cs + sfx 3mp · שָׁכַל (H7921)Particle or relational elementשָׁכַל (H7921) 'shall bereave'.
מֵֽאָדָ֑םfrom manprep + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'from man'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גַםalsoart · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
א֥וֹיwoeparticle · אוֹי (H188)Particle or relational elementאוֹי (H188) 'woe'.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
בְּשׂוּרִ֥יhe shall remove itprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cs · סוּר (H5493)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementסוּר (H5493) 'he shall remove it'.
מֵהֶֽםfrom themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'from them'.
13

אֶפְרַ֛יִם כַּאֲשֶׁר רָאִ֥יתִי לְצ֖וֹר שְׁתוּלָ֣ה בְנָוֶ֑ה וְאֶפְרַ֕יִם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶל הֹרֵ֖ג בָּנָֽיו

Ephraim, as I saw Tyrus, planted in a pleasant place: but Ephraim shall bring forth his children to the murderer.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אֶפְרַ֛יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
כַּאֲשֶׁרjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
רָאִ֥יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
לְצ֖וֹרTyreprep + N proper · צֹר (H6865)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֹר (H6865) 'Tyre'.
שְׁתוּלָ֣הplantQal ptc fs · שָׁתַל (H8362)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁתַל (H8362) 'plant'.
בְנָוֶ֑הthe abode ofprep + N com c sg abs · נָוֶה (H5116)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָוֶה (H5116) 'the abode of'.
וְאֶפְרַ֕יִםand Ephraimconj וְ + N proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'and Ephraim'.
לְהוֹצִ֥יאto bring outprep + Hiphil inf constr · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָצָא (H3318) 'to bring out'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הֹרֵ֖גsurelyQal ptc ms · הָרַג (H2026)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָרַג (H2026) 'surely'.
בָּנָֽיוhis sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
14

תֵּן לָהֶ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה מַה תִּתֵּ֑ן תֵּן לָהֶם֙ רֶ֣חֶם מַשְׁכִּ֔יל וְשָׁדַ֖יִם צֹמְקִֽים

Give them, O YHWH: what will you give? give them a miscarrying womb and dry breasts.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'give me'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
תֵּןgive meQal impv 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָתַן (H5414) 'give me'.
לָהֶ֥םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
תִּתֵּ֑ןyou shall giveQal impf 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'you shall give'.
תֵּןgive meQal impv 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָתַן (H5414) 'give me'.
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
רֶ֣חֶםthe wombN c · רֶחֶם (H7358)Construct chain (genitival)רֶחֶם (H7358) 'the womb'.
מַשְׁכִּ֔ילshall bereaveHiphil ptc ms · שָׁכַל (H7921)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁכַל (H7921) 'shall bereave'.
וְשָׁדַ֖יִםbreastsconj וְ + N com m du abs · שַׁד (H7699)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁד (H7699) 'breasts'.
צֹמְקִֽיםdryQal ptc mp · צָמַק (H6784)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָמַק (H6784) 'dry'.
15

כָּל רָעָתָ֤ם בַּגִּלְגָּל֙ כִּֽי שָׁ֣ם שְׂנֵאתִ֔ים עַ֚ל רֹ֣עַ מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם מִבֵּיתִ֖י אֲגָרְשֵׁ֑ם לֹ֤א אוֹסֵף֙ אַהֲבָתָ֔ם כָּל שָׂרֵיהֶ֖ם סֹרְרִֽים

All their wickedness in Gilgal: for there I hated them: for the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of mine house, I will love them no more: all their princes revolters.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'hating'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
רָעָתָ֤םthe evilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
בַּגִּלְגָּל֙in Gilgalprep + art + N proper · גִּלְגָּל (H1537)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְגָּל (H1537) 'in Gilgal'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שָׁ֣םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
שְׂנֵאתִ֔יםhatingQal perf 1cs + sfx 3mp · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
עַ֚לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רֹ֣עַthe evil ofN c · רֹעַ (H7455)Construct chain (genitival)רֹעַ (H7455) 'the evil of'.
מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֔םyour deedsN c · מַעֲלָל (H4611)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲלָל (H4611) 'your deeds'.
מִבֵּיתִ֖יthe house ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
אֲגָרְשֵׁ֑םand he drove outPiel impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · גָּרַשׁ (H1644)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּרַשׁ (H1644) 'and he drove out'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אוֹסֵף֙he shall addHiphil cohortative 1cs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
אַהֲבָתָ֔םout of the love ofQal inf constr + sfx 3mp · אַהֲבָה (H160)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאַהֲבָה (H160) 'out of the love of'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
שָׂרֵיהֶ֖םchief ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
סֹרְרִֽיםstubbornQal ptc mp · סָרַר (H5637)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָרַר (H5637) 'stubborn'.
16

הֻכָּ֣ה אֶפְרַ֔יִם שָׁרְשָׁ֥ם יָבֵ֖שׁ פְּרִ֣י בלי בַֽל יַעֲשׂ֑וּן גַּ֚ם כִּ֣י יֵֽלֵד֔וּן וְהֵמַתִּ֖י מַחֲמַדֵּ֥י בִטְנָֽם

Ephraim is smitten, their root is dried up, they shall bear no fruit: yea, though they bring forth, yet will I slay the beloved of their womb.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'struck'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הֻכָּ֣הstruckHophal perf 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהִכָּה (H5221) 'struck'.
אֶפְרַ֔יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
שָׁרְשָׁ֥םtheir rootN c · שֹׁרֶשׁ (H8328)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁרֶשׁ (H8328) 'their root'.
יָבֵ֖שׁwas dryQal perf 3ms · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
פְּרִ֣יthe fruit ofN c · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival)פְּרִי (H6529) 'the fruit of'.
בליwithoutneg. · בְּלִי (H1097)Particle or relational elementבְּלִי (H1097) 'without'.
בַֽלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
יַעֲשׂ֑וּןthey must doQal impf 3mp + Sn · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they must do'.
גַּ֚םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יֵֽלֵד֔וּןand he fatheredQal impf 3mp + Sn · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
וְהֵמַתִּ֖יand he diedconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · מוּת (H4191)Particle or relational elementמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
מַחֲמַדֵּ֥יbelovedN c · מַחְמָד (H4261)Construct chain (genitival)מַחְמָד (H4261) 'beloved'.
בִטְנָֽםyour wombN c · בֶּטֶן (H990)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'your womb'.
17

יִמְאָסֵ֣ם אֱלֹהַ֔י כִּ֛י לֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ ל֑וֹ וְיִהְי֥וּ נֹדְדִ֖ים בַּגּוֹיִֽם

My God will cast them away, because they did not hearken to him: and they shall be wanderers among the nations.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'despise'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
יִמְאָסֵ֣םdespiseQal impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · מָאַס (H3988)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָאַס (H3988) 'despise'.
אֱלֹהַ֔יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁמְע֖וּhis hearingQal perf 3cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וְיִהְי֥וּand they wereconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'and they were'.
נֹדְדִ֖יםand fledQal ptc mp · נָדַד (H5074)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָדַד (H5074) 'and fled'.
בַּגּוֹיִֽםamong the nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'among the nations'.