1
גֶּ֤פֶן בּוֹקֵק֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל פְּרִ֖י יְשַׁוֶּה לּ֑וֹ כְּרֹ֣ב לְפִרְי֗וֹ הִרְבָּה֙ לַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹת כְּט֣וֹב לְאַרְצ֔וֹ הֵיטִ֖יבוּ מַצֵּבֽוֹת
Israel an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit to himself: according to the multitude of his fruit he has increased the altars; according to the goodness of his land they have made goodly images.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'fail'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
גֶּ֤פֶןa vineN c · גֶּפֶן (H1612)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּפֶן (H1612) 'a vine'.
בּוֹקֵק֙failQal ptc ms · בָּקַק (H1238)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּקַק (H1238) 'fail'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
פְּרִ֖יthe fruit ofN c · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival)פְּרִי (H6529) 'the fruit of'.
יְשַׁוֶּהavailPiel impf 3ms · שָׁוָה (H7737)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁוָה (H7737) 'avail'.
לּ֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
כְּרֹ֣בfor multitudeprep + N com c sg abs · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'for multitude'.
לְפִרְי֗וֹits fruitprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · פְּרִי (H6529)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּרִי (H6529) 'its fruit'.
הִרְבָּה֙greatlyHiphil perf 3ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
לַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹתthe altarprep + art + N com m pl abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'the altar'.
כְּט֣וֹבas is goodprep + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'as is good'.
לְאַרְצ֔וֹthe landprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
הֵיטִ֖יבוּthey have done wellHiphil perf 3cp · יָטַב (H3190)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָטַב (H3190) 'they have done well'.
מַצֵּבֽוֹתa pillarN c · מַצֵּבָה (H4676)Construct chain (genitival)מַצֵּבָה (H4676) 'a pillar'.
2
חָלַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם עַתָּ֣ה יֶאְשָׁ֑מוּ ה֚וּא יַעֲרֹ֣ף מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔ם יְשֹׁדֵ֖ד מַצֵּבוֹתָֽם
Their heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he had allotted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
חָלַ֥קhe had allottedQal perf 3ms · חָלַק (H2505)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַק (H2505) 'he had allotted'.
לִבָּ֖םtheir heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'their heart'.
עַתָּ֣הnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
יֶאְשָׁ֑מוּthen he is guiltyQal impf 3mp · אָשֵׁם (H816)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָשֵׁם (H816) 'then he is guilty'.
ה֚וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
יַעֲרֹ֣ףthen you shall break its neckQal impf 3ms · עָרַף (H6202)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָרַף (H6202) 'then you shall break its neck'.
מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔םthe altarN c · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'the altar'.
יְשֹׁדֵ֖דruinedPoel impf 3ms · שָׁדַד (H7703)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
מַצֵּבוֹתָֽםa pillarN c · מַצֵּבָה (H4676)Construct chain (genitival)מַצֵּבָה (H4676) 'a pillar'.
3
כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ יֹֽאמְר֔וּ אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ לָ֑נוּ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָרֵ֨אנוּ֙ אֶת יְהֹוָ֔ה וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מַה יַּֽעֲשֶׂה לָּֽנוּ
For now they shall say, We have no king, because we feared not YHWH; what then should a king do to us?
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they say'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַתָּה֙nowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
יֹֽאמְר֔וּthey sayQal impf 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'they say'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מֶ֖לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
לָ֑נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָרֵ֨אנוּ֙fearQal perf 1cp · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְהֹוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְking ofconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
יַּֽעֲשֶׂהhe shall doQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
לָּֽנוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
4
דִּבְּר֣וּ דְבָרִ֔ים אָל֥וֹת שָׁ֖וְא כָּרֹ֣ת בְּרִ֑ית וּפָרַ֤ח כָּרֹאשׁ֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט עַ֖ל תַּלְמֵ֥י שָׂדָֽי
They have spoken words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he spoke it'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
דִּבְּר֣וּhe spoke itPiel perf 3cp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'he spoke it'.
דְבָרִ֔יםwords/chargesN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'words/charges'.
אָל֥וֹתswearQal inf abs · אָלָה (H422)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionאָלָה (H422) 'swear'.
שָׁ֖וְאfalsehoodN c · שָׁוְא (H7723)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁוְא (H7723) 'falsehood'.
כָּרֹ֣תhe madeQal inf abs · כָּרַת (H3772)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionכָּרַת (H3772) 'he made'.
בְּרִ֑יתthe covenant ofN c · בְּרִית (H1285)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִית (H1285) 'the covenant of'.
וּפָרַ֤חand breaks outconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · פָּרַח (H6524)Particle or relational elementפָּרַח (H6524) 'and breaks out'.
כָּרֹאשׁ֙poisonprep + art + N com m sg abs · רֹאשׁ (H7219)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7219) 'poison'.
מִשְׁפָּ֔טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
עַ֖לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
תַּלְמֵ֥יfurrowN c · תֶּלֶם (H8525)Construct chain (genitival)תֶּלֶם (H8525) 'furrow'.
שָׂדָֽיthe fieldN c · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field'.
5
לְעֶגְלוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָ֔וֶן יָג֖וּרוּ שְׁכַ֣ן שֹֽׁמְר֑וֹן כִּי אָבַ֨ל עָלָ֜יו עַמּ֗וֹ וּכְמָרָיו֙ עָלָ֣יו יָגִ֔ילוּ עַל כְּבוֹד֖וֹ כִּֽי גָלָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנּוּ
The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of Bethaven: for the people thereof shall mourn over it, and the priests thereof rejoiced on it, for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'who sojourns'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
לְעֶגְלוֹת֙a heifer ofprep + N com f pl constr · עֶגְלָה (H5697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶגְלָה (H5697) 'a heifer of'.
בֵּ֣יתBeth-N · בַּיִת (H1007)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1007) 'Beth-'.
אָ֔וֶן-avenN · בַּיִת (H1007)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1007) '-aven'.
יָג֖וּרוּwho sojournsQal impf 3mp · גּוּר (H1481)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגּוּר (H1481) 'who sojourns'.
שְׁכַ֣ןtheir neighborsAdj · שָׁכֵן (H7934)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁכֵן (H7934) 'their neighbors'.
שֹֽׁמְר֑וֹןSamariaN · שֹׁמְרוֹן (H8111)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁמְרוֹן (H8111) 'Samaria'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָבַ֨לand they mournedQal perf 3ms · אָבַל (H56)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבַל (H56) 'and they mourned'.
עָלָ֜יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
עַמּ֗וֹhis peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'his people'.
וּכְמָרָיו֙Chemarims (idolatrous) priestsconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · כָּמָר (H3649)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּמָר (H3649) 'Chemarims (idolatrous) priests'.
עָלָ֣יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
יָגִ֔ילוּbe gladQal impf 3mp · גִּיל (H1523)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגִּיל (H1523) 'be glad'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כְּבוֹד֖וֹthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גָלָ֥הhe has uncoveredQal perf 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'he has uncovered'.
מִמֶּֽנּוּfrom itprep + sfx 3ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
6
גַּם אוֹתוֹ֙ לְאַשּׁ֣וּר יוּבָ֔ל מִנְחָ֖ה לְמֶ֣לֶךְ יָרֵ֑ב בָּשְׁנָה֙ אֶפְרַ֣יִם יִקָּ֔ח וְיֵב֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעֲצָתֽוֹ
It shall be also carried to Assyria a present to king Jareb: Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'bring'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אוֹתוֹ֙himobj marker + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'him'.
לְאַשּׁ֣וּרAsshurprep + N proper · אַשּׁוּר (H804)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַשּׁוּר (H804) 'Asshur'.
יוּבָ֔לbringHophal impf 3ms · יָבַל (H2986)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבַל (H2986) 'bring'.
מִנְחָ֖הa grain offeringN c · מִנְחָה (H4503)Construct chain (genitival)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'a grain offering'.
לְמֶ֣לֶךְto the king ofprep + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
יָרֵ֑בJareb. CompareN · יָרֵב (H3377)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵב (H3377) 'Jareb. Compare'.
בָּשְׁנָה֙shameN c · בׇּשְׁנָה (H1317)Construct chain (genitival)בׇּשְׁנָה (H1317) 'shame'.
אֶפְרַ֣יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
יִקָּ֔חhe shall takeQal impf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָקַח (H3947) 'he shall take'.
וְיֵב֥וֹשׁwere ashamedconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
מֵעֲצָתֽוֹcounselprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · עֵצָה (H6098)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵצָה (H6098) 'counsel'.
7
נִדְמֶ֥ה שֹׁמְר֖וֹן מַלְכָּ֑הּ כְּקֶ֖צֶף עַל פְּנֵי מָֽיִם
Samaria, her king is cut off as the foam upon the water.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
נִדְמֶ֥הceaseN · דָּמָה (H1820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּמָה (H1820) 'cease'.
שֹׁמְר֖וֹןSamariaN · שֹׁמְרוֹן (H8111)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁמְרוֹן (H8111) 'Samaria'.
מַלְכָּ֑הּits kingN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'its king'.
כְּקֶ֖צֶףwrathprep + N com m sg abs · קֶצֶף (H7110)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶצֶף (H7110) 'wrath'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פְּנֵיthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
מָֽיִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
8
וְנִשְׁמְד֞וּ בָּמ֣וֹת אָ֗וֶן חַטַּאת֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל ק֣וֹץ וְדַרְדַּ֔ר יַעֲלֶ֖ה עַל מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑ם וְאָמְר֤וּ לֶֽהָרִים֙ כַּסּ֔וּנוּ וְלַגְּבָע֖וֹת נִפְל֥וּ עָלֵֽינוּ
The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall go up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְנִשְׁמְד֞וּyour being destroyedconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · שָׁמַד (H8045)Particle or relational elementשָׁמַד (H8045) 'your being destroyed'.
בָּמ֣וֹתthe heights ofN c · בָּמָה (H1116)Construct chain (genitival)בָּמָה (H1116) 'the heights of'.
אָ֗וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
חַטַּאת֙as a sin offeringN c · חַטָּאת (H2403)Construct chain (genitival)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'as a sin offering'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
ק֣וֹץthornbushesN c · קוֹץ (H6975)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹץ (H6975) 'thornbushes'.
וְדַרְדַּ֔רand thistlesconj וְ + N com m sg abs · דַּרְדַּר (H1863)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּרְדַּר (H1863) 'and thistles'.
יַעֲלֶ֖הshall go upQal impf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'shall go up'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑םthe altarN c · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'the altar'.
וְאָמְר֤וּand they will sayconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and they will say'.
לֶֽהָרִים֙the mountainprep + art + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountain'.
כַּסּ֔וּנוּthat coversPiel impv 2mp + sfx 1cp · כָּסָה (H3680)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeכָּסָה (H3680) 'that covers'.
וְלַגְּבָע֖וֹתthe hills ofconj וְ + prep + art + N com f pl abs · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
נִפְל֥וּhave fallenQal impv 2mp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָפַל (H5307) 'have fallen'.
עָלֵֽינוּupon usprep + sfx 1cp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon us'.
9
מִימֵי֙ הַגִּבְעָ֔ה חָטָ֖אתָ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל שָׁ֣ם עָמָ֔דוּ לֹֽא תַשִּׂיגֵ֧ם בַּגִּבְעָ֛ה מִלְחָמָ֖ה עַל בְּנֵ֥י עַֽלְוָֽה
O Israel, you have sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'sins'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
מִימֵי֙todayprep + N com m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַגִּבְעָ֔הGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1390) 'Gibeah'.
חָטָ֖אתָsinsQal perf 2ms · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָטָא (H2398) 'sins'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
שָׁ֣םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
עָמָ֔דוּhis standingQal perf 3cp · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָמַד (H5975) 'his standing'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תַשִּׂיגֵ֧םhis means can affordHiphil impf 3fs + sfx 3mp · נָשַׂג (H5381)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשַׂג (H5381) 'his means can afford'.
בַּגִּבְעָ֛הGibeahprep + art + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1390) 'Gibeah'.
מִלְחָמָ֖הwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
עַֽלְוָֽהiniquityN c · עַלְוָה (H5932)Construct chain (genitival)עַלְוָה (H5932) 'iniquity'.
10
בְּאַוָּתִ֖י וְאֶסֳּרֵ֑ם וְאֻסְּפ֤וּ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ עַמִּ֔ים בְּאָסְרָ֖ם לִשְׁתֵּ֥י עינתם עוֹנֹתָֽם
in my desire that I should chastise them; and the people shall be gathered against them, when they shall bind themselves in their two furrows.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they discipline'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בְּאַוָּתִ֖יthe desire ofprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · אַוָּה (H185)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַוָּה (H185) 'the desire of'.
וְאֶסֳּרֵ֑םand they disciplineconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · יָסַר (H3256)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַר (H3256) 'and they discipline'.
וְאֻסְּפ֤וּand they shall gather/take inconj וְ + Pual q 3cp · אָסַף (H622)Particle or relational elementאָסַף (H622) 'and they shall gather/take in'.
עֲלֵיהֶם֙upon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
עַמִּ֔יםpeoplesN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'peoples'.
בְּאָסְרָ֖םshe boundprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3mp · אָסַר (H631)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָסַר (H631) 'she bound'.
לִשְׁתֵּ֥יfor its twoprep + Adj c det · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'for its two'.
עינתםin the eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
עוֹנֹתָֽםinN c · עֲיָם (H5868)Construct chain (genitival)עֲיָם (H5868) 'in'.
11
וְאֶפְרַ֜יִם עֶגְלָ֤ה מְלֻמָּדָה֙ אֹהַ֣בְתִּי לָד֔וּשׁ וַאֲנִ֣י עָבַ֔רְתִּי עַל ט֖וּב צַוָּארָ֑הּ אַרְכִּ֤יב אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה יְשַׂדֶּד ל֖וֹ יַעֲקֹֽב
And Ephraim an heifer taught, loveth to tread out ; but I passed over upon her fair neck: I will make Ephraim to ride; Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'to teach'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְאֶפְרַ֜יִםand Ephraimconj וְ + N proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'and Ephraim'.
עֶגְלָ֤הa heiferN c · עֶגְלָה (H5697)Construct chain (genitival)עֶגְלָה (H5697) 'a heifer'.
מְלֻמָּדָה֙to teachPual ptc fs · לִמַּד (H3925)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלִמַּד (H3925) 'to teach'.
אֹהַ֣בְתִּיI loveQal ptc fs · אָהַב (H157)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָהַב (H157) 'I love'.
לָד֔וּשׁwhile it threshesprep + Qal inf constr · דּוּשׁ (H1758)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementדּוּשׁ (H1758) 'while it threshes'.
וַאֲנִ֣יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
עָבַ֔רְתִּיI have transgressedQal perf 1cs · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַר (H5674) 'I have transgressed'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
ט֖וּבthe good ofN c · טוּב (H2898)Construct chain (genitival)טוּב (H2898) 'the good of'.
צַוָּארָ֑הּneckN c · צַוַּאר (H6676)Construct chain (genitival)צַוַּאר (H6676) 'neck'.
אַרְכִּ֤יבand its riderHiphil impf 1cs · רָכַב (H7392)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָכַב (H7392) 'and its rider'.
אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙EphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
יַחֲר֣וֹשׁand is silentQal impf 3ms · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַשׁ (H2790) 'and is silent'.
יְהוּדָ֔הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
יְשַׂדֶּדandPiel impf 3ms · שָׂדַד (H7702)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂדַד (H7702) 'and'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
יַעֲקֹֽבJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
12
זִרְע֨וּ לָכֶ֤ם לִצְדָקָה֙ קִצְר֣וּ לְפִי חֶ֔סֶד נִ֥ירוּ לָכֶ֖ם נִ֑יר וְעֵת֙ לִדְר֣וֹשׁ אֶת יְהוָ֔ה עַד יָב֕וֹא וְיֹרֶ֥ה צֶ֖דֶק לָכֶֽם
Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap in mercy; break up your fallow ground: for time to seek YHWH, till he come and rain righteousness upon you.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'you shall sow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
זִרְע֨וּyou shall sowQal impv 2mp · זָרַע (H2232)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָרַע (H2232) 'you shall sow'.
לָכֶ֤םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
לִצְדָקָה֙righteousnessprep + N com f sg abs · צְדָקָה (H6666)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'righteousness'.
קִצְר֣וּand it became impatientQal impv 2mp · קָצַר (H7114)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָצַר (H7114) 'and it became impatient'.
לְפִיwith the edge ofprep + N com m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'with the edge of'.
חֶ֔סֶדkindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
נִ֥ירוּbreak upQal impv 2mp · נִיר (H5214)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנִיר (H5214) 'break up'.
לָכֶ֖םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
נִ֑ירfallow groundN c · נִיר (H5215)Construct chain (genitival)נִיר (H5215) 'fallow ground'.
וְעֵת֙at the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לִדְר֣וֹשׁI will requireprep + Qal inf constr · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'I will require'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
יָב֕וֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
וְיֹרֶ֥הand to teachconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
צֶ֖דֶקjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
לָכֶֽםto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
13
חֲרַשְׁתֶּם רֶ֛שַׁע עַוְלָ֥תָה קְצַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם פְּרִי כָ֑חַשׁ כִּֽי בָטַ֥חְתָּ בְדַרְכְּךָ֖ בְּרֹ֥ב גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ
You have plowed wickedness, you have reaped iniquity; you have eaten the fruit of lies: because you didst trust in your way, in the multitude of your mighty men.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and is silent'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
חֲרַשְׁתֶּםand is silentQal perf 2mp · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרַשׁ (H2790) 'and is silent'.
רֶ֛שַׁעtheir wickednessN c · רֶשַׁע (H7562)Construct chain (genitival)רֶשַׁע (H7562) 'their wickedness'.
עַוְלָ֥תָהinjusticeN c · עָוֶל (H5766)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֶל (H5766) 'injustice'.
קְצַרְתֶּ֖םand it became impatientQal perf 2mp · קָצַר (H7114)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָצַר (H7114) 'and it became impatient'.
אֲכַלְתֶּ֣םyou ateQal perf 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'you ate'.
פְּרִיthe fruit ofN c · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival)פְּרִי (H6529) 'the fruit of'.
כָ֑חַשׁleannessN c · כַּחַשׁ (H3585)Construct chain (genitival)כַּחַשׁ (H3585) 'leanness'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בָטַ֥חְתָּtrustingQal perf 2ms · בָּטַח (H982)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּטַח (H982) 'trusting'.
בְדַרְכְּךָ֖on the wayprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
בְּרֹ֥בfor multitudeprep + N com c sg constr · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'for multitude'.
גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָmightyAdj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
14
וְקָ֣אם שָׁאוֹן֮ בְּעַמֶּךָ֒ וְכָל מִבְצָרֶ֣יךָ יוּשַּׁ֔ד כְּשֹׁ֧ד שַֽׁלְמַ֛ן בֵּ֥ית אַֽרְבֵ֖אל בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה אֵ֥ם עַל בָּנִ֖ים רֻטָּֽשָׁה
Therefore shall a tumult arise among your people, and all your fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Betharbel in the day of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces upon children.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'ruined'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְקָ֣אםand he aroseconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Particle or relational elementקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
שָׁאוֹן֮horribleN c · שָׁאוֹן (H7588)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁאוֹן (H7588) 'horrible'.
בְּעַמֶּךָ֒among your peopleprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'among your people'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
מִבְצָרֶ֣יךָthe fortress ofN c · מִבְצָר (H4013)Construct chain (genitival)מִבְצָר (H4013) 'the fortress of'.
יוּשַּׁ֔דruinedQal passive impf 3ms · שָׁדַד (H7703)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
כְּשֹׁ֧דas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · שֹׁד (H7701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁד (H7701) 'as / like'.
שַֽׁלְמַ֛ןShalman. CompareN · שַׁלְמַן (H8020)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁלְמַן (H8020) 'Shalman. Compare'.
בֵּ֥יתBeth-ArbelN · בֵּית אַרְבֵּאל (H1009)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית אַרְבֵּאל (H1009) 'Beth-Arbel'.
אַֽרְבֵ֖אלBeth-ArbelN · בֵּית אַרְבֵּאל (H1009)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית אַרְבֵּאל (H1009) 'Beth-Arbel'.
בְּי֣וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
מִלְחָמָ֑הwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
אֵ֥םthe mother ofN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'the mother of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'sons'.
רֻטָּֽשָׁהdashPual perf 3fs · רָטַשׁ (H7376)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָטַשׁ (H7376) 'dash'.
15
כָּ֗כָה עָשָׂ֤ה לָכֶם֙ בֵּֽית אֵ֔ל מִפְּנֵ֖י רָעַ֣ת רָֽעַתְכֶ֑ם בַּשַּׁ֕חַר נִדְמֹ֥ה נִדְמָ֖ה מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל
So shall Bethel do to you because of your great wickedness: in a morning shall the king of Israel utterly be cut off.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he did'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כָּ֗כָהthusart · כָּכָה (H3602)Particle or relational elementכָּכָה (H3602) 'thus'.
עָשָׂ֤הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
לָכֶם֙to youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
בֵּֽיתBethelN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel'.
אֵ֔ל-elN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) '-el'.
מִפְּנֵ֖יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
רָעַ֣תwickedness ofN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'wickedness of'.
רָֽעַתְכֶ֑םthe evilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
בַּשַּׁ֕חַרthe dawnprep + art + N com m sg abs · שַׁחַר (H7837)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁחַר (H7837) 'the dawn'.
נִדְמֹ֥הceaseN · דָּמָה (H1820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּמָה (H1820) 'cease'.
נִדְמָ֖הceaseN · דָּמָה (H1820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּמָה (H1820) 'cease'.
מֶ֥לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.