Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Hosea, Chapter 5הושע 5

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Hosea 5 (15 verses in the MT) opens: Hear you this, O priests; and hearken, you house of Israel; and give you ear, O house of the king; for judgment toward you, because you have been a snare on Mizpah, and a net spread upon Tabor. The middle of the chapter continues: Blow you the cornet in Gibeah, the trumpet in Ramah: cry aloud Bethaven, after you, O Benjamin. It closes: I will go return to my place, till they acknowledge their offence, and seek my face: in their affliction they will seek me early.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Hosea 5 comprises 15 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Hear you this, O priests; and hearken, you house of Israel; and give you. Hear you this, O priests; and hearken, you house of Israel; and give you ear, O house of the king; for judgment toward you, because you have been a snare on Mizpah, and a net spread upon Tabor. And the revolters are profound to make slaughter, though I a rebuker of them all. I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hid from me: for now, O Ephraim, you committest. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And the pride of Israel does testify to his face: therefore shall Israel. And the pride of Israel does testify to his face: therefore shall Israel and Ephraim fall in their iniquity; Judah also shall fall with them. They shall go with their flocks and with their herds to seek YHWH; but they shall not find ; he has withdrawn himself from them. They have dealt treacherously against YHWH: for they have begotten strange children: now. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — Ephraim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Isra. Ephraim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Israel have I made known that which shall surely be. The princes of Judah were like them that remove the bound: I will pour out my wrath upon them like water. Ephraim oppressed broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after the commandment. Therefore I to Ephraim as a moth, and to. Movement IV (vv. 13-15) — When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah his wound, then went Ephraim to. When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah his wound, then went Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb: yet could he not heal you, nor cure you of your wound. For I to Ephraim as a lion, and as a young lion to the house of Judah: I, I, will tear and go away; I will take away, and none shall rescue . I will go return to my place, till they acknowledge. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

שִׁמְעוּ זֹ֨את הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים וְהַקְשִׁ֣יבוּ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּבֵ֤ית הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַאֲזִ֔ינוּ כִּ֥י לָכֶ֖ם הַמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּֽי פַח֙ הֱיִיתֶ֣ם לְמִצְפָּ֔ה וְרֶ֖שֶׁת פְּרוּשָׂ֥ה עַל תָּבֽוֹר

Hear you this, O priests; and hearken, you house of Israel; and give you ear, O house of the king; for judgment toward you, because you have been a snare on Mizpah, and a net spread upon Tabor.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'his hearing'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
שִׁמְעוּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
זֹ֨אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
הַכֹּהֲנִ֜יםthe priestsart + N com m pl abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּהֵן (H3548) 'the priests'.
וְהַקְשִׁ֣יבוּtoconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2mp · קָשַׁב (H7181)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָשַׁב (H7181) 'to'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וּבֵ֤יתand the house ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'and the house of'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙the kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
הַאֲזִ֔ינוּgive earHiphil impv 2mp · אָזַן (H238)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָזַן (H238) 'give ear'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לָכֶ֖םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
הַמִּשְׁפָּ֑טthe judgmentart + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'the judgment'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
פַח֙sheets ofN c · פַּח (H6341)Construct chain (genitival)פַּח (H6341) 'sheets of'.
הֱיִיתֶ֣םyou wereQal perf 2mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'you were'.
לְמִצְפָּ֔הMizpahprep + N proper · מִצְפָּה (H4709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְפָּה (H4709) 'Mizpah'.
וְרֶ֖שֶׁתnetwork ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr · רֶשֶׁת (H7568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶשֶׁת (H7568) 'network of'.
פְּרוּשָׂ֥הand they shall spreadQal ptc fs · פָּרַשׂ (H6566)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּרַשׂ (H6566) 'and they shall spread'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
תָּבֽוֹרTaborN · תָּבוֹר (H8396)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּבוֹר (H8396) 'Tabor'.
2

וְשַׁחֲטָ֥ה שֵׂטִ֖ים הֶעְמִ֑יקוּ וַאֲנִ֖י מוּסָ֥ר לְכֻלָּֽם

And the revolters are profound to make slaughter, though I a rebuker of them all.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is '(be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְשַׁחֲטָ֥הand he shall slaughterconj וְ + N com f sg abs · שָׁחַט (H7819)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁחַט (H7819) 'and he shall slaughter'.
שֵׂטִ֖יםrevolterN c · שֵׂט (H7846)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׂט (H7846) 'revolter'.
הֶעְמִ֑יקוּ(beHiphil perf 3cp · עָמַק (H6009)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָמַק (H6009) '(be'.
וַאֲנִ֖יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
מוּסָ֥רthe discipline ofN c · מוּסָר (H4148)Construct chain (genitival)מוּסָר (H4148) 'the discipline of'.
לְכֻלָּֽםfor all of themprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'for all of them'.
3

אֲנִי֙ יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹֽא נִכְחַ֣ד מִמֶּ֑נִּי כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ הִזְנֵ֣יתָ אֶפְרַ֔יִם נִטְמָ֖א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hid from me: for now, O Ephraim, you committest whoredom, Israel is defiled.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אֲנִי֙Ipron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יָדַ֣עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
אֶפְרַ֔יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לnow Israelconj וְ + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'now Israel'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נִכְחַ֣דconcealN · כָּחַד (H3582)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּחַד (H3582) 'conceal'.
מִמֶּ֑נִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַתָּה֙nowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
הִזְנֵ֣יתָa prostituteHiphil perf 2ms · זָנָה (H2181)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָנָה (H2181) 'a prostitute'.
אֶפְרַ֔יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
נִטְמָ֖אand he shall be uncleanN · טָמֵא (H2930)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָמֵא (H2930) 'and he shall be unclean'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
4

לֹ֤א יִתְּנוּ֙ מַ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם לָשׁ֖וּב אֶל אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ר֤וּחַ זְנוּנִים֙ בְּקִרְבָּ֔ם וְאֶת יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א יָדָֽעוּ

They will not frame their doings to turn to their God: for the spirit of whoredoms in the midst of them, and they have not known YHWH.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִתְּנוּ֙they giveQal impf 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'they give'.
מַ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔םyour deedsN c · מַעֲלָל (H4611)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲלָל (H4611) 'your deeds'.
לָשׁ֖וּבto returnprep + Qal inf constr · שׁוּב (H7725)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשׁוּב (H7725) 'to return'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑םtheir godsN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'their gods'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ר֤וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
זְנוּנִים֙by fornicationN c · זְנוּנִים (H2183)Construct chain (genitival)זְנוּנִים (H2183) 'by fornication'.
בְּקִרְבָּ֔םin their midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in their midst'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדָֽעוּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
5

וְעָנָ֥ה גְאֽוֹן יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָנָ֑יו וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל וְאֶפְרַ֗יִם יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ֙ בַּעֲוֺנָ֔ם כָּשַׁ֥ל גַּם יְהוּדָ֖ה עִמָּֽם

And the pride of Israel does testify to his face: therefore shall Israel and Ephraim fall in their iniquity; Judah also shall fall with them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְעָנָ֥הand answeredconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
גְאֽוֹןthe pride ofN c · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Construct chain (genitival)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'the pride of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
בְּפָנָ֑יוin his faceprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'in his face'.
וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣לnow Israelconj וְ + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'now Israel'.
וְאֶפְרַ֗יִםand Ephraimconj וְ + N proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'and Ephraim'.
יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ֙and they shall stumbleN · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
בַּעֲוֺנָ֔םin their iniquityprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · עָוֹן (H5771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָוֹן (H5771) 'in their iniquity'.
כָּשַׁ֥לand they shall stumbleQal perf 3ms · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
יְהוּדָ֖הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
עִמָּֽםwith themprep + sfx 3mp · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with them'.
6

בְּצֹאנָ֣ם וּבִבְקָרָ֗ם יֵֽלְכ֛וּ לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָ֑אוּ חָלַ֖ץ מֵהֶֽם

They shall go with their flocks and with their herds to seek YHWH; but they shall not find ; he has withdrawn himself from them.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they will go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
בְּצֹאנָ֣םthe flockprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · צֹאן (H6629)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֹאן (H6629) 'the flock'.
וּבִבְקָרָ֗םcattleconj וְ + prep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · בָּקָר (H1241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּקָר (H1241) 'cattle'.
יֵֽלְכ֛וּthey will goQal impf 3mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'they will go'.
לְבַקֵּ֥שׁseekingprep + Piel inf constr · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִמְצָ֑אוּthey are findingQal impf 3mp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'they are finding'.
חָלַ֖ץone has removed / the stones were removedQal perf 3ms · חָלַץ (H2502)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַץ (H2502) 'one has removed / the stones were removed'.
מֵהֶֽםfrom themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'from them'.
7

בַּיהוָ֣ה בָּגָ֔דוּ כִּֽי בָנִ֥ים זָרִ֖ים יָלָ֑דוּ עַתָּ֛ה יֹאכְלֵ֥ם חֹ֖דֶשׁ אֶת חֶלְקֵיהֶֽם

They have dealt treacherously against YHWH: for they have begotten strange children: now shall a month devour them with their portions.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'in his dealing treacherously'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
בַּיהוָ֣הagainst YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'against YHWH'.
בָּגָ֔דוּin his dealing treacherouslyQal perf 3cp · בָּגַד (H898)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּגַד (H898) 'in his dealing treacherously'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בָנִ֥יםsonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'sons'.
זָרִ֖יםan outsiderAdj · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
יָלָ֑דוּwere bornQal perf 3cp · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָלַד (H3205) 'were born'.
עַתָּ֛הnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
יֹאכְלֵ֥םyou shall eatQal impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
חֹ֖דֶשׁoldN c · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Construct chain (genitival)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'old'.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
חֶלְקֵיהֶֽםportionN c · חֵלֶק (H2506)Construct chain (genitival)חֵלֶק (H2506) 'portion'.
8

תִּקְע֤וּ שׁוֹפָר֙ בַּגִּבְעָ֔ה חֲצֹצְרָ֖ה בָּרָמָ֑ה הָרִ֨יעוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אָ֔וֶן אַחֲרֶ֖יךָ בִּנְיָמִֽין

Blow you the cornet in Gibeah, the trumpet in Ramah: cry aloud Bethaven, after you, O Benjamin.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'blew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
תִּקְע֤וּblewQal impv 2mp · תָּקַע (H8628)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeתָּקַע (H8628) 'blew'.
שׁוֹפָר֙the horn ofN c · שׁוֹפָר (H7782)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוֹפָר (H7782) 'the horn of'.
בַּגִּבְעָ֔הGibeahprep + art + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1390) 'Gibeah'.
חֲצֹצְרָ֖הwith the trumpetsN c · חֲצוֹצְרָה (H2689)Construct chain (genitival)חֲצוֹצְרָה (H2689) 'with the trumpets'.
בָּרָמָ֑הRamahprep + art + N proper · רָמָה (H7414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָמָה (H7414) 'Ramah'.
הָרִ֨יעוּ֙shout!Hiphil impv 2mp · רוּעַ (H7321)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרוּעַ (H7321) 'shout!'.
בֵּ֣יתBeth-N · בַּיִת (H1007)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1007) 'Beth-'.
אָ֔וֶן-avenN · בַּיִת (H1007)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1007) '-aven'.
אַחֲרֶ֖יךָafter youprep + sfx 2ms · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after you'.
בִּנְיָמִֽיןBenjaminN · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּנְיָמִן (H1144) 'Benjamin'.
9

אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה בְּי֖וֹם תּֽוֹכֵחָ֑ה בְּשִׁבְטֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הוֹדַ֖עְתִּי נֶאֱמָנָֽה

Ephraim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Israel have I made known that which shall surely be.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙EphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
לְשַׁמָּ֣הa horrorprep + N com f sg abs · שַׁמָּה (H8047)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁמָּה (H8047) 'a horror'.
תִֽהְיֶ֔הshall beQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
בְּי֖וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
תּֽוֹכֵחָ֑הandN c · תּוֹכֵחָה (H8433)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹכֵחָה (H8433) 'and'.
בְּשִׁבְטֵי֙the tribe ofprep + N com m pl constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'the tribe of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
הוֹדַ֖עְתִּיI knowHiphil perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
נֶאֱמָנָֽהfaithfulN · אָמַן (H539)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
10

הָיוּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה כְּמַסִּיגֵ֖י גְּב֑וּל עֲלֵיהֶ֕ם אֶשְׁפּ֥וֹךְ כַּמַּ֖יִם עֶבְרָתִֽי

The princes of Judah were like them that remove the bound: I will pour out my wrath upon them like water.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הָיוּ֙wereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
שָׂרֵ֣יrulers ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'rulers of'.
יְהוּדָ֔הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
כְּמַסִּיגֵ֖יyou shall moveprep + Hiphil ptc mp · נָסַג (H5253)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָסַג (H5253) 'you shall move'.
גְּב֑וּלthe border ofN c · גְּבוּל (H1366)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'the border of'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֕םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
אֶשְׁפּ֥וֹךְhe shall pour outQal impf 1cs · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
כַּמַּ֖יִםlike waterprep + art + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'like water'.
עֶבְרָתִֽיand their wrathN c · עֶבְרָה (H5678)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבְרָה (H5678) 'and their wrath'.
11

עָשׁ֥וּק אֶפְרַ֖יִם רְצ֣וּץ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּ֣י הוֹאִ֔יל הָלַ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵי צָֽו

Ephraim oppressed broken in judgment, because he willingly walked after the commandment.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'oppressed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עָשׁ֥וּקoppressedQal ptc ms · עָשַׁק (H6231)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשַׁק (H6231) 'oppressed'.
אֶפְרַ֖יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
רְצ֣וּץand crushedQal ptc ms · רָצַץ (H7533)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָצַץ (H7533) 'and crushed'.
מִשְׁפָּ֑טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הוֹאִ֔ילundertook / was pleasedHiphil perf 3ms · הוֹאִיל (H2974)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהוֹאִיל (H2974) 'undertook / was pleased'.
הָלַ֖ךְwentQal perf 3ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
אַחֲרֵיafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
צָֽוcommandmentN c · צַו (H6673)Construct chain (genitival)צַו (H6673) 'commandment'.
12

וַאֲנִ֥י כָעָ֖שׁ לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְכָרָקָ֖ב לְבֵ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה

Therefore I to Ephraim as a moth, and to the house of Judah as rottenness.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַאֲנִ֥יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
כָעָ֖שׁmoth. See alsoprep + art + N com m sg abs · עָשׁ (H6211)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשׁ (H6211) 'moth. See also'.
לְאֶפְרָ֑יִםof Ephraimprep + N proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'of Ephraim'.
וְכָרָקָ֖בandconj וְ + prep + art + N com m sg abs · רָקָב (H7538)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָקָב (H7538) 'and'.
לְבֵ֥יתby the house ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'by the house of'.
יְהוּדָֽהJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
13

וַיַּ֨רְא אֶפְרַ֜יִם אֶת חָלְי֗וֹ וִֽיהוּדָה֙ אֶת מְזֹר֔וֹ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ אֶל אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח אֶל מֶ֣לֶךְ יָרֵ֑ב וְה֗וּא לֹ֤א יוּכַל֙ לִרְפֹּ֣א לָכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא יִגְהֶ֥ה מִכֶּ֖ם מָזֽוֹר

When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah his wound, then went Ephraim to the Assyrian, and sent to king Jareb: yet could he not heal you, nor cure you of your wound.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיַּ֨רְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
אֶפְרַ֜יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
חָלְי֗וֹsicknessN c · חֳלִי (H2483)Construct chain (genitival)חֳלִי (H2483) 'sickness'.
וִֽיהוּדָה֙and Judahconj וְ + N proper · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'and Judah'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מְזֹר֔וֹtoN c · מָזוֹר (H4205)Construct chain (genitival)מָזוֹר (H4205) 'to'.
וַיֵּ֤לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙EphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אַשּׁ֔וּרAsshurN · אַשּׁוּר (H804)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַשּׁוּר (H804) 'Asshur'.
וַיִּשְׁלַ֖חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
יָרֵ֑בJareb. CompareN · יָרֵב (H3377)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵב (H3377) 'Jareb. Compare'.
וְה֗וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יוּכַל֙he mayQal impf 3ms · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'he may'.
לִרְפֹּ֣אto be healedprep + Qal inf constr · רָפָא (H7495)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָפָא (H7495) 'to be healed'.
לָכֶ֔םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִגְהֶ֥הcureQal impf 3ms · גָּהָה (H1455)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּהָה (H1455) 'cure'.
מִכֶּ֖םof youprep + sfx 2mp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of you'.
מָזֽוֹרtoN c · מָזוֹר (H4205)Construct chain (genitival)מָזוֹר (H4205) 'to'.
14

כִּ֣י אָנֹכִ֤י כַשַּׁ֨חַל֙ לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם וְכַכְּפִ֖יר לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲנִ֨י אֲנִ֤י אֶטְרֹף֙ וְאֵלֵ֔ךְ אֶשָּׂ֖א וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּֽיל

For I to Ephraim as a lion, and as a young lion to the house of Judah: I, I, will tear and go away; I will take away, and none shall rescue .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'is torn/mauled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָנֹכִ֤יIpron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
כַשַּׁ֨חַל֙as / likeprep + art + N com m sg abs · שַׁחַל (H7826)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁחַל (H7826) 'as / like'.
לְאֶפְרַ֔יִםof Ephraimprep + N proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'of Ephraim'.
וְכַכְּפִ֖ירyoung lionconj וְ + prep + art + N com m sg abs · כְּפִיר (H3715)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּפִיר (H3715) 'young lion'.
לְבֵ֣יתby the house ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'by the house of'.
יְהוּדָ֑הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
אֲנִ֨יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
אֲנִ֤יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
אֶטְרֹף֙is torn/mauledQal impf 1cs · טָרַף (H2963)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalטָרַף (H2963) 'is torn/mauled'.
וְאֵלֵ֔ךְand I am goneconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and I am gone'.
אֶשָּׂ֖אcan I bearQal impf 1cs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'can I bear'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מַצִּֽילone who deliversHiphil ptc ms · נָצַל (H5337)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַל (H5337) 'one who delivers'.
15

אֵלֵ֤ךְ אָשׁ֨וּבָה֙ אֶל מְקוֹמִ֔י עַ֥ד אֲשֶֽׁר יֶאְשְׁמ֖וּ וּבִקְשׁ֣וּ פָנָ֑י בַּצַּ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם יְשַׁחֲרֻֽנְנִי

I will go return to my place, till they acknowledge their offence, and seek my face: in their affliction they will seek me early.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will go'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אֵלֵ֤ךְI will goQal impf 1cs · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'I will go'.
אָשׁ֨וּבָה֙I will returnQal impf 1cs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'I will return'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
מְקוֹמִ֔יmy placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'my place'.
עַ֥דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
אֲשֶֽׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יֶאְשְׁמ֖וּthen he is guiltyQal impf 3mp · אָשֵׁם (H816)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָשֵׁם (H816) 'then he is guilty'.
וּבִקְשׁ֣וּseekingconj וְ + Piel perf 3cp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
פָנָ֑יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
בַּצַּ֥רwhen in distressprep + art + Adj · צַר (H6862)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַר (H6862) 'when in distress'.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
יְשַׁחֲרֻֽנְנִי(do something) betimesPiel impf 3mp + sfx 1cs · שָׁחַר (H7836)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁחַר (H7836) '(do something) betimes'.