1
לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד
Excel psalm to.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'excel'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַexcelprep + art + Piel ptc ms · נָצַח (H5329)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַח (H5329) 'excel'.
מִזְמ֥וֹרpsalmN c · מִזְמוֹר (H4210)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְמוֹר (H4210) 'psalm'.
לְדָוִֽדtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
2
שְׁמַע אֱלֹהִ֣ים קוֹלִ֣י בְשִׂיחִ֑י מִפַּ֥חַד א֝וֹיֵ֗ב תִּצֹּ֥ר חַיָּֽי
Listen God my voice babbling because of the dread of the enemy he guarded him the life of.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'listen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שְׁמַעlistenQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
אֱלֹהִ֣יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
קוֹלִ֣יmy voiceN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'my voice'.
בְשִׂיחִ֑יbabblingprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · שִׂיחַ (H7879)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׂיחַ (H7879) 'babbling'.
מִפַּ֥חַדbecause of the dread ofprep + N com m sg constr · פַּחַד (H6343)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּחַד (H6343) 'because of the dread of'.
א֝וֹיֵ֗בthe enemyQal ptc ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'the enemy'.
תִּצֹּ֥רhe guarded himQal impf 2ms · נָצַר (H5341)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצַר (H5341) 'he guarded him'.
חַיָּֽיthe life ofN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'the life of'.
3
תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי מִסּ֣וֹד מְרֵעִ֑ים מֵ֝רִגְשַׁ֗ת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן
I will hide in their council and it was displeasing from did iniquity.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will hide'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִיI will hideHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · סָתַר (H5641)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָתַר (H5641) 'I will hide'.
מִסּ֣וֹדin their councilprep + N com m sg constr · סוֹד (H5475)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סוֹד (H5475) 'in their council'.
מְרֵעִ֑יםand it was displeasingHiphil ptc mp · רָעַע (H7489)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
מֵ֝רִגְשַׁ֗תfromprep + N com f sg constr · רֶגֶשׁ (H7285)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶגֶשׁ (H7285) 'from'.
פֹּ֣עֲלֵיdidQal ptc mp · פָּעַל (H6466)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
אָֽוֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
4
אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁנְנ֣וּ כַחֶ֣רֶב לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם דָּרְכ֥וּ חִ֝צָּ֗ם דָּבָ֥ר מָֽר
That I sharpen the sword by their languages he trod my arrows the matter of of bitterness.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I sharpen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
שָׁנְנ֣וּI sharpenQal perf 3cp · שָׁנַן (H8150)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁנַן (H8150) 'I sharpen'.
כַחֶ֣רֶבthe swordprep + art + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
לְשׁוֹנָ֑םby their languagesN c · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Construct chain (genitival)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'by their languages'.
דָּרְכ֥וּhe trodQal perf 3cp · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
חִ֝צָּ֗םmy arrowsN c · חֵץ (H2671)Construct chain (genitival)חֵץ (H2671) 'my arrows'.
דָּבָ֥רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
מָֽרof bitternessAdj · מַר (H4751)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַר (H4751) 'of bitterness'.
5
לִיר֣וֹת בַּמִּסְתָּרִ֣ים תָּ֑ם פִּתְאֹ֥ם יֹ֝רֻ֗הוּ וְלֹ֣א יִירָֽאוּ
And to teach secret(-ly blameless suddenly and to teach and not fear.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and to teach'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לִיר֣וֹתand to teachprep + Qal inf constr · יָרָה (H3384)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
בַּמִּסְתָּרִ֣יםsecret(-lyprep + art + N com m pl abs · מִסְתָּר (H4565)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְתָּר (H4565) 'secret(-ly'.
תָּ֑םblamelessAdj · תָּמִים (H8535)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8535) 'blameless'.
פִּתְאֹ֥םsuddenlyart · פִּתְאֹם (H6597)Particle or relational elementפִּתְאֹם (H6597) 'suddenly'.
יֹ֝רֻ֗הוּand to teachHiphil impf 3mp + sfx 3ms · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִירָֽאוּfearQal impf 3mp · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
6
יְחַזְּקוּ לָ֨מוֹ דָּ֘בָ֤ר רָ֗ע יְֽ֭סַפְּרוּ לִטְמ֣וֹן מוֹקְשִׁ֑ים אָ֝מְר֗וּ מִ֣י יִרְאֶה לָּֽמוֹ
Be strong for them the matter of bad and he recounted hidden a snare they said who shall be seen for them.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'be strong'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
יְחַזְּקוּbe strongPiel impf 3mp · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
לָ֨מוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
דָּ֘בָ֤רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
רָ֗עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
יְֽ֭סַפְּרוּand he recountedPiel impf 3mp · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָפַר (H5608) 'and he recounted'.
לִטְמ֣וֹןhiddenprep + Qal inf constr · טָמַן (H2934)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementטָמַן (H2934) 'hidden'.
מוֹקְשִׁ֑יםa snareN c · מוֹקֵשׁ (H4170)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹקֵשׁ (H4170) 'a snare'.
אָ֝מְר֗וּthey saidQal perf 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'they said'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יִרְאֶהshall be seenQal impf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall be seen'.
לָּֽמוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
7
יַֽחְפְּֽשׂוּ עוֹלֹ֗ת תַּ֭מְנוּ חֵ֣פֶשׂ מְחֻפָּ֑שׂ וְקֶ֥רֶב אִ֝֗ישׁ וְלֵ֣ב עָמֹֽק
And he searched injustice have we finished search and he searched in your midst a man his heart deeper.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he searched'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
יַֽחְפְּֽשׂוּand he searchedQal impf 3mp · חָפַשׂ (H2664)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָפַשׂ (H2664) 'and he searched'.
עוֹלֹ֗תinjusticeN c · עָוֶל (H5766)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֶל (H5766) 'injustice'.
תַּ֭מְנוּhave we finishedQal perf 1cp · תָּמַם (H8552)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actתָּמַם (H8552) 'have we finished'.
חֵ֣פֶשׂsearchN c · חֵפֶשׂ (H2665)Construct chain (genitival)חֵפֶשׂ (H2665) 'search'.
מְחֻפָּ֑שׂand he searchedPual ptc ms · חָפַשׂ (H2664)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָפַשׂ (H2664) 'and he searched'.
וְקֶ֥רֶבin your midstconj וְ + N com m sg constr · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in your midst'.
אִ֝֗ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וְלֵ֣בhis heartconj וְ + N com m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
עָמֹֽקdeeperAdj · עָמֹק (H6013)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמֹק (H6013) 'deeper'.
8
וַיֹּרֵ֗ם אֱלֹ֫הִ֥ים חֵ֥ץ פִּתְא֑וֹם הָ֝י֗וּ מַכּוֹתָֽם
And to teach God my arrows suddenly were a blow.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and to teach'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיֹּרֵ֗םand to teachconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
אֱלֹ֫הִ֥יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
חֵ֥ץmy arrowsN c · חֵץ (H2671)Construct chain (genitival)חֵץ (H2671) 'my arrows'.
פִּתְא֑וֹםsuddenlyart · פִּתְאֹם (H6597)Particle or relational elementפִּתְאֹם (H6597) 'suddenly'.
הָ֝י֗וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
מַכּוֹתָֽםa blowN c · מַכָּה (H4347)Construct chain (genitival)מַכָּה (H4347) 'a blow'.
9
וַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּהוּ עָלֵ֣ימוֹ לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם יִ֝תְנֹדֲד֗וּ כָּל רֹ֥אֵה בָֽם
And they shall stumble on by their languages and fled all see against them.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they shall stumble'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיַּכְשִׁיל֣וּהוּand they shall stumbleconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3ms · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
עָלֵ֣ימוֹonprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
לְשׁוֹנָ֑םby their languagesN c · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Construct chain (genitival)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'by their languages'.
יִ֝תְנֹדֲד֗וּand fledHithpolel impf 3mp · נָדַד (H5074)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָדַד (H5074) 'and fled'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
רֹ֥אֵהseeQal ptc ms · רָאָה (H7200)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
בָֽםagainst themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against them'.
10
וַיִּֽירְא֗וּ כָּל אָ֫דָ֥ם וַ֭יַּגִּידוּ פֹּ֥עַל אֱלֹהִ֗ים וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥הוּ הִשְׂכִּֽילוּ
And they feared all man and told his work God the work of you may prosper.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they feared'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיִּֽירְא֗וּand they fearedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרֵא (H3372) 'and they feared'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אָ֫דָ֥םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
וַ֭יַּגִּידוּand toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and told'.
פֹּ֥עַלhis workN c · פֹּעַל (H6467)Construct chain (genitival)פֹּעַל (H6467) 'his work'.
אֱלֹהִ֗יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥הוּthe work ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
הִשְׂכִּֽילוּyou may prosperHiphil perf 3cp · שָׂכַל (H7919)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂכַל (H7919) 'you may prosper'.
11
יִשְׂמַ֬ח צַדִּ֣יק בַּ֭יהוָה וְחָ֣סָה ב֑וֹ וְ֝יִתְהַֽלְל֗וּ כָּל יִשְׁרֵי לֵֽב
And you shall rejoice righteous against YHWH in which they took refuge in it and they praised all right the heart of.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
יִשְׂמַ֬חand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
צַדִּ֣יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
בַּ֭יהוָהagainst YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'against YHWH'.
וְחָ֣סָהin which they took refugeconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · חָסָה (H2620)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָסָה (H2620) 'in which they took refuge'.
ב֑וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וְ֝יִתְהַֽלְל֗וּand they praisedconj וְ + Hithpael impf 3mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יִשְׁרֵיrightAdj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'right'.
לֵֽבthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.