1
לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ אַל תַּשְׁחֵ֗ת לְדָוִ֥ד מִכְתָּֽם
Excel not Al-taschith to Michtam.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'excel'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַexcelprep + art + Piel ptc ms · נָצַח (H5329)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַח (H5329) 'excel'.
אַלnotneg. · אַל תַּשְׁחֵת (H516)Particle or relational elementאַל תַּשְׁחֵת (H516) 'not'.
תַּשְׁחֵ֗תAl-taschithHiphil impf 2ms · אַל תַּשְׁחֵת (H516)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאַל תַּשְׁחֵת (H516) 'Al-taschith'.
לְדָוִ֥דtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
מִכְתָּֽםMichtamN c · מִכְתָּם (H4387)Construct chain (genitival)מִכְתָּם (H4387) 'Michtam'.
2
הַֽאֻמְנָ֗ם אֵ֣לֶם צֶ֭דֶק תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן מֵישָׁרִ֥ים תִּ֝שְׁפְּט֗וּ בְּנֵ֣י אָדָֽם
Is it really true congregation. Compare just you shall speak agreement and judge the sons of man.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall speak'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הַֽאֻמְנָ֗םis it really trueinterrog. + art · אֻמְנָם (H552)Particle or relational elementאֻמְנָם (H552) 'is it really true'.
אֵ֣לֶםcongregation. CompareN c · אֵלֶם (H482)Construct chain (genitival)אֵלֶם (H482) 'congregation. Compare'.
צֶ֭דֶקjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
תְּדַבֵּר֑וּןyou shall speakPiel impf 2mp + Sn · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'you shall speak'.
מֵישָׁרִ֥יםagreementN c · מֵישָׁר (H4339)Construct chain (genitival)מֵישָׁר (H4339) 'agreement'.
תִּ֝שְׁפְּט֗וּand judgeQal impf 2mp · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
אָדָֽםmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
3
אַף בְּלֵב֮ עוֹלֹ֪ת תִּפְעָ֫ל֥וּן בָּאָ֡רֶץ חֲמַ֥ס יְ֝דֵיכֶ֗ם תְּפַלֵּֽסֽוּן
Also in the heart of injustice did in the land of violence your hands make.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
בְּלֵב֮in the heart ofprep + N com m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'in the heart of'.
עוֹלֹ֪תinjusticeN c · עָוֶל (H5766)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֶל (H5766) 'injustice'.
תִּפְעָ֫ל֥וּןdidQal impf 2mp + Sn · פָּעַל (H6466)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
בָּאָ֡רֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
חֲמַ֥סviolenceN c · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
יְ֝דֵיכֶ֗םyour handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hands'.
תְּפַלֵּֽסֽוּןmakePiel impf 2mp + Sn · פָּלַס (H6424)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּלַס (H6424) 'make'.
4
זֹ֣רוּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים מֵרָ֑חֶם תָּע֥וּ מִ֝בֶּ֗טֶן דֹּבְרֵ֥י כָזָֽב
Have become strangers the wicked from the womb of wandering from the womb of speak deceitful.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'have become strangers'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
זֹ֣רוּhave become strangersQal perf 3cp · זָר (H2114)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָר (H2114) 'have become strangers'.
רְשָׁעִ֣יםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
מֵרָ֑חֶםfrom the womb ofprep + N com m sg abs · רֶחֶם (H7358)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶחֶם (H7358) 'from the womb of'.
תָּע֥וּwanderingQal perf 3cp · תָּעָה (H8582)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actתָּעָה (H8582) 'wandering'.
מִ֝בֶּ֗טֶןfrom the womb ofprep + N com f sg abs · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'from the womb of'.
דֹּבְרֵ֥יspeakQal ptc mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
כָזָֽבdeceitfulN c · כָּזָב (H3577)Construct chain (genitival)כָּזָב (H3577) 'deceitful'.
5
חֲמַת לָ֗מוֹ כִּדְמ֥וּת חֲמַת נָחָ֑שׁ כְּמוֹ פֶ֥תֶן חֵ֝רֵ֗שׁ יַאְטֵ֥ם אָזְנֽוֹ
The venom of for them according to our likeness the venom of serpent like asps deaf narrow his ear.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'narrow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
חֲמַתthe venom ofN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'the venom of'.
לָ֗מוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
כִּדְמ֥וּתaccording to our likenessprep + N com f sg constr · דְּמוּת (H1823)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דְּמוּת (H1823) 'according to our likeness'.
חֲמַתthe venom ofN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'the venom of'.
נָחָ֑שׁserpentN c · נָחָשׁ (H5175)Construct chain (genitival)נָחָשׁ (H5175) 'serpent'.
כְּמוֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
פֶ֥תֶןaspsN c · פֶּתֶן (H6620)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּתֶן (H6620) 'asps'.
חֵ֝רֵ֗שׁdeafAdj · חֵרֵשׁ (H2795)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵרֵשׁ (H2795) 'deaf'.
יַאְטֵ֥םnarrowQal impf 3ms · אָטַם (H331)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָטַם (H331) 'narrow'.
אָזְנֽוֹhis earN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'his ear'.
6
אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא יִ֭שְׁמַע לְק֣וֹל מְלַחֲשִׁ֑ים חוֹבֵ֖ר חֲבָרִ֣ים מְחֻכָּֽם
That not will listen/obey to the voice of charmer and you shall join a spell/charm they were wise.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'will listen/obey'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִ֭שְׁמַעwill listen/obeyQal impf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'will listen/obey'.
לְק֣וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
מְלַחֲשִׁ֑יםcharmerPiel ptc mp · לָחַשׁ (H3907)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלָחַשׁ (H3907) 'charmer'.
חוֹבֵ֖רand you shall joinQal ptc ms · חָבַר (H2266)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָבַר (H2266) 'and you shall join'.
חֲבָרִ֣יםa spell/charmN c · חֶבֶר (H2267)Construct chain (genitival)חֶבֶר (H2267) 'a spell/charm'.
מְחֻכָּֽםthey were wisePual ptc mp · חָכַם (H2449)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָכַם (H2449) 'they were wise'.
7
אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים הֲרָס שִׁנֵּ֥ימוֹ בְּפִ֑ימוֹ מַלְתְּע֥וֹת כְּ֝פִירִ֗ים נְתֹ֣ץ יְהוָֽה
God utterly tooth the mouth of great tooth young lion you shall tear down YHWH.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'utterly'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֱֽלֹהִ֗יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
הֲרָסutterlyQal impv 2ms · הָרַס (H2040)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָרַס (H2040) 'utterly'.
שִׁנֵּ֥ימוֹtoothN c · שֵׁן (H8127)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁן (H8127) 'tooth'.
בְּפִ֑ימוֹthe mouth ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'the mouth of'.
מַלְתְּע֥וֹתgreat toothN c · מַלְתָּעָה (H4459)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְתָּעָה (H4459) 'great tooth'.
כְּ֝פִירִ֗יםyoung lionN c · כְּפִיר (H3715)Construct chain (genitival)כְּפִיר (H3715) 'young lion'.
נְתֹ֣ץyou shall tear downQal impv 2ms · נָתַץ (H5422)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָתַץ (H5422) 'you shall tear down'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
8
יִמָּאֲס֣וּ כְמוֹ מַ֭יִם יִתְהַלְּכוּ לָ֑מוֹ יִדְרֹ֥ךְ חצו חִ֝צָּ֗יו כְּמ֣וֹ יִתְמֹלָֽלוּ
Despise like water going for them he trod my arrows my arrows like shall be circumcised.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'going'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
יִמָּאֲס֣וּdespiseN · מָאַס (H3988)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָאַס (H3988) 'despise'.
כְמוֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
מַ֭יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
יִתְהַלְּכוּgoingHithpael impf 3mp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H1980) 'going'.
לָ֑מוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
יִדְרֹ֥ךְhe trodQal impf 3ms · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
חצוmy arrowsN c · חֵץ (H2671)Construct chain (genitival)חֵץ (H2671) 'my arrows'.
חִ֝צָּ֗יוmy arrowsN c · חֵץ (H2671)Construct chain (genitival)חֵץ (H2671) 'my arrows'.
כְּמ֣וֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
יִתְמֹלָֽלוּshall be circumcisedHithpael impf 3mp · מוּל (H4135)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּל (H4135) 'shall be circumcised'.
9
כְּמ֣וֹ שַׁ֭בְּלוּל תֶּ֣מֶס יַהֲלֹ֑ךְ נֵ֥פֶל אֵ֝֗שֶׁת בַּל חָ֥זוּ שָֽׁמֶשׁ
Like snail melt went as / like wife of not he sees/beholds sun.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'went'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כְּמ֣וֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
שַׁ֭בְּלוּלsnailN c · שַׁבְלוּל (H7642)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁבְלוּל (H7642) 'snail'.
תֶּ֣מֶסmeltN c · תֶּמֶס (H8557)Construct chain (genitival)תֶּמֶס (H8557) 'melt'.
יַהֲלֹ֑ךְwentQal impf 3ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
נֵ֥פֶלas / likeN c · נֶפֶל (H5309)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶל (H5309) 'as / like'.
אֵ֝֗שֶׁתwife ofN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'wife of'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
חָ֥זוּhe sees/beholdsQal perf 3cp · חָזָה (H2372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָזָה (H2372) 'he sees/beholds'.
שָֽׁמֶשׁsunN c · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'sun'.
10
בְּטֶ֤רֶם יָבִ֣ינוּ סִּֽירֹתֵיכֶ֣ם אָטָ֑ד כְּמוֹ חַ֥י כְּמוֹ חָ֝ר֗וֹן יִשְׂעָרֶֽנּוּ
Before they would discern the pot of the Atad like alive like the burning of they feared.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they would discern'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בְּטֶ֤רֶםbeforeprep + art · טֶרֶם (H2962)Particle or relational elementטֶרֶם (H2962) 'before'.
יָבִ֣ינוּthey would discernQal impf 3mp · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'they would discern'.
סִּֽירֹתֵיכֶ֣םthe pot ofN c · סִיר (H5518)Construct chain (genitival)סִיר (H5518) 'the pot of'.
אָטָ֑דthe AtadN c · אָטָד (H329)Construct chain (genitival)אָטָד (H329) 'the Atad'.
כְּמוֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
חַ֥יaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
כְּמוֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
חָ֝ר֗וֹןthe burning ofN c · חָרוֹן (H2740)Construct chain (genitival)חָרוֹן (H2740) 'the burning of'.
יִשְׂעָרֶֽנּוּthey fearedQal impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · שָׂעַר (H8175)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂעַר (H8175) 'they feared'.
11
יִשְׂמַ֣ח צַ֭דִּיק כִּי חָזָ֣ה נָקָ֑ם פְּעָמָ֥יו יִ֝רְחַ֗ץ בְּדַ֣ם הָרָשָֽׁע
And you shall rejoice righteous for he sees/beholds vengeance times he shall wash in the blood the wicked [one].
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
יִשְׂמַ֣חand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
צַ֭דִּיקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
חָזָ֣הhe sees/beholdsQal perf 3ms · חָזָה (H2372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָזָה (H2372) 'he sees/beholds'.
נָקָ֑םvengeanceN c · נָקָם (H5359)Construct chain (genitival)נָקָם (H5359) 'vengeance'.
פְּעָמָ֥יוtimesN c · פַּעַם (H6471)Construct chain (genitival)פַּעַם (H6471) 'times'.
יִ֝רְחַ֗ץhe shall washQal impf 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָחַץ (H7364) 'he shall wash'.
בְּדַ֣םin the bloodprep + N com m sg constr · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'in the blood'.
הָרָשָֽׁעthe wicked [one]art + Adj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked [one]'.
12
וְיֹאמַ֣ר אָ֭דָם אַךְ פְּרִ֣י לַצַּדִּ֑יק אַ֥ךְ יֵשׁ אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים שֹׁפְטִ֥ים בָּאָֽרֶץ
And he said man only the fruit of righteous only there is God judges in the land of.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Closes the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְיֹאמַ֣רand he saidconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אָ֭דָםmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
אַךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
פְּרִ֣יthe fruit ofN c · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival)פְּרִי (H6529) 'the fruit of'.
לַצַּדִּ֑יקrighteousprep + art + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
אַ֥ךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
יֵשׁthere isadv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'there is'.
אֱ֝לֹהִ֗יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
שֹׁפְטִ֥יםjudgesQal ptc mp · שָׁפַט (H8199)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁפַט (H8199) 'judges'.
בָּאָֽרֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.