1
לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְדָוִֽד
Excel Maschil to.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'excel'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַexcelprep + art + Piel ptc ms · נָצַח (H5329)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַח (H5329) 'excel'.
מַשְׂכִּ֥ילMaschilN c · מַשְׂכִּיל (H4905)Construct chain (genitival)מַשְׂכִּיל (H4905) 'Maschil'.
לְדָוִֽדtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
2
בְּב֤וֹא דּוֹאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִי֮ וַיַּגֵּ֪ד לְשָׁ֫א֥וּל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֑וֹ בָּ֥א דָ֝וִ֗ד אֶל בֵּ֥ית אֲחִימֶֽלֶךְ
When comes Doeg an Edomite and it was told of Shaul and he said to him came David to the house of Ahimelech.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'when comes'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
בְּב֤וֹאwhen comesprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'when comes'.
דּוֹאֵ֣גDoegN · דֹּאֵג (H1673)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֹּאֵג (H1673) 'Doeg'.
הָאֲדֹמִי֮an Edomiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · אֲדֹמִי (H130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲדֹמִי (H130) 'an Edomite'.
וַיַּגֵּ֪דand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
לְשָׁ֫א֥וּלof Shaulprep + N proper · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'of Shaul'.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
בָּ֥אcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
דָ֝וִ֗דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
אֲחִימֶֽלֶךְAhimelechN · אֲחִימֶלֶךְ (H288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחִימֶלֶךְ (H288) 'Ahimelech'.
3
מַה תִּתְהַלֵּ֣ל בְּ֭רָעָה הַגִּבּ֑וֹר חֶ֥סֶד אֵ֝֗ל כָּל הַיּֽוֹם
What and they praised in misery mighty kindness God all today.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
תִּתְהַלֵּ֣לand they praisedHithpael impf 2ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
בְּ֭רָעָהin miseryprep + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'in misery'.
הַגִּבּ֑וֹרmightyart + Adj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
חֶ֥סֶדkindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
אֵ֝֗לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַיּֽוֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
4
הַ֭וּוֹת תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב לְשׁוֹנֶ֑ךָ כְּתַ֥עַר מְ֝לֻטָּ֗שׁ עֹשֵׂ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה
Calamity is counted by their languages a razor forger of he did deceit(-ful.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'is counted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַ֭וּוֹתcalamityN c · הַוָּה (H1942)Construct chain (genitival)הַוָּה (H1942) 'calamity'.
תַּחְשֹׁ֣בis countedQal impf 3fs · חָשַׁב (H2803)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָשַׁב (H2803) 'is counted'.
לְשׁוֹנֶ֑ךָby their languagesN c · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Construct chain (genitival)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'by their languages'.
כְּתַ֥עַרa razorprep + N com c sg abs · תַּעַר (H8593)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּעַר (H8593) 'a razor'.
מְ֝לֻטָּ֗שׁforger ofPual ptc ms · לָטַשׁ (H3913)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלָטַשׁ (H3913) 'forger of'.
עֹשֵׂ֥הhe didQal ptc ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
רְמִיָּֽהdeceit(-fulN c · רְמִיָּה (H7423)Construct chain (genitival)רְמִיָּה (H7423) 'deceit(-ful'.
5
אָהַ֣בְתָּ רָּ֣ע מִטּ֑וֹב שֶׁ֓קֶר מִדַּבֵּ֖ר צֶ֣דֶק סֶֽלָה
You love bad from good falsehood speaking just Selah.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you love'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אָהַ֣בְתָּyou loveQal perf 2ms · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָהַב (H157) 'you love'.
רָּ֣עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
מִטּ֑וֹבfrom goodprep + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'from good'.
שֶׁ֓קֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
מִדַּבֵּ֖רspeakingprep + Piel inf constr · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speaking'.
צֶ֣דֶקjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
סֶֽלָהSelahparticle · סֶלָה (H5542)Particle or relational elementסֶלָה (H5542) 'Selah'.
6
אָהַ֥בְתָּ כָֽל דִּבְרֵי בָ֗לַע לְשׁ֣וֹן מִרְמָֽה
You love all the words of devouring tongue with deceit.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you love'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אָהַ֥בְתָּyou loveQal perf 2ms · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָהַב (H157) 'you love'.
כָֽלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
דִּבְרֵיthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
בָ֗לַעdevouringN c · בֶּלַע (H1105)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּלַע (H1105) 'devouring'.
לְשׁ֣וֹןtongueN c · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Construct chain (genitival)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'tongue'.
מִרְמָֽהwith deceitN c · מִרְמָה (H4820)Construct chain (genitival)מִרְמָה (H4820) 'with deceit'.
7
גַּם אֵל֮ יִתָּצְךָ֪ לָ֫נֶ֥צַח יַחְתְּךָ֣ וְיִסָּחֲךָ֣ מֵאֹ֑הֶל וְשֵֽׁרֶשְׁךָ֨ מֵאֶ֖רֶץ חַיִּ֣ים סֶֽלָה
Also God you shall tear down alway to and you will be torn away from tent of (take from the land of alive Selah.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall tear down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אֵל֮GodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
יִתָּצְךָ֪you shall tear downQal impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · נָתַץ (H5422)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַץ (H5422) 'you shall tear down'.
לָ֫נֶ֥צַחalwayprep + N com m sg abs · נֶצַח (H5331)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
יַחְתְּךָ֣toQal impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · חָתָה (H2846)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָתָה (H2846) 'to'.
וְיִסָּחֲךָ֣and you will be torn awayconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · נָסַח (H5255)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָסַח (H5255) 'and you will be torn away'.
מֵאֹ֑הֶלfrom tent ofprep + N com m sg abs · אֹהֶל (H168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹהֶל (H168) 'from tent of'.
וְשֵֽׁרֶשְׁךָ֨(takeconj וְ + Piel q 3ms + sfx 2ms · שָׁרַשׁ (H8327)Particle or relational elementשָׁרַשׁ (H8327) '(take'.
מֵאֶ֖רֶץfrom the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'from the land of'.
חַיִּ֣יםaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
סֶֽלָהSelahparticle · סֶלָה (H5542)Particle or relational elementסֶלָה (H5542) 'Selah'.
8
וְיִרְא֖וּ צַדִּיקִ֥ים וְיִירָ֗אוּ וְעָלָ֥יו יִשְׂחָֽקוּ
And they saw the righteous and they feared and next to him and.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וְיִרְא֖וּand they sawconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'and they saw'.
צַדִּיקִ֥יםthe righteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'the righteous'.
וְיִירָ֗אוּand they fearedconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרֵא (H3372) 'and they feared'.
וְעָלָ֥יוand next to himconj וְ + prep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and next to him'.
יִשְׂחָֽקוּandQal impf 3mp · שָׂחַק (H7832)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂחַק (H7832) 'and'.
9
הִנֵּ֤ה הַגֶּ֗בֶר לֹ֤א יָשִׂ֥ים אֱלֹהִ֗ים מָֽע֫וּזּ֥וֹ וַ֭יִּבְטַח בְּרֹ֣ב עָשְׁר֑וֹ יָ֝עֹ֗ז בְּהַוָּתֽוֹ
Behold the man not puts God stronghold trusting for multitude the wealth and it prevailed calamity.
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'puts'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
הַגֶּ֗בֶרthe manart + N com m sg abs · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'the man'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָשִׂ֥יםputsQal impf 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'puts'.
אֱלֹהִ֗יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
מָֽע֫וּזּ֥וֹstrongholdN c · מָעוֹז (H4581)Construct chain (genitival)מָעוֹז (H4581) 'stronghold'.
וַ֭יִּבְטַחtrustingconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּטַח (H982)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּטַח (H982) 'trusting'.
בְּרֹ֣בfor multitudeprep + N com c sg constr · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'for multitude'.
עָשְׁר֑וֹthe wealthN c · עֹשֶׁר (H6239)Construct chain (genitival)עֹשֶׁר (H6239) 'the wealth'.
יָ֝עֹ֗זand it prevailedQal impf 3ms · עָזַז (H5810)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָזַז (H5810) 'and it prevailed'.
בְּהַוָּתֽוֹcalamityprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · הַוָּה (H1942)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַוָּה (H1942) 'calamity'.
10
וַאֲנִ֤י כְּזַ֣יִת רַ֭עֲנָן בְּבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֑ים בָּטַ֥חְתִּי בְחֶֽסֶד אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים עוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד
And I olive green/luxuriant in the house God trusting kindness God perpetuity and ever.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'trusting'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַאֲנִ֤יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
כְּזַ֣יִתoliveprep + N com m sg abs · זַיִת (H2132)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זַיִת (H2132) 'olive'.
רַ֭עֲנָןgreen/luxuriantAdj · רַעֲנָן (H7488)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַעֲנָן (H7488) 'green/luxuriant'.
בְּבֵ֣יתin the houseprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'in the house'.
אֱלֹהִ֑יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
בָּטַ֥חְתִּיtrustingQal perf 1cs · בָּטַח (H982)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּטַח (H982) 'trusting'.
בְחֶֽסֶדkindnessprep + N com m sg constr · חֶסֶד (H2617)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
אֱ֝לֹהִ֗יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
עוֹלָ֥םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
וָעֶֽדand ever.conj וְ + N com m sg abs · עַד (H5703)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַד (H5703) 'and ever.'.
11
אוֹדְךָ֣ לְ֭עוֹלָם כִּ֣י עָשִׂ֑יתָ וַאֲקַוֶּ֖ה שִׁמְךָ֥ כִֽי ט֝֗וֹב נֶ֣גֶד חֲסִידֶֽיךָ
I will praise forever for you have done let be gathered your name for good before your loyal one.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will praise'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אוֹדְךָ֣I will praiseHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 2ms · יָדָה (H3034)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדָה (H3034) 'I will praise'.
לְ֭עוֹלָםforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עָשִׂ֑יתָyou have doneQal perf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you have done'.
וַאֲקַוֶּ֖הlet be gatheredconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 1cs · קָוָה (H6960)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
שִׁמְךָ֥your nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'your name'.
כִֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ט֝֗וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
נֶ֣גֶדbeforeprep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'before'.
חֲסִידֶֽיךָyour loyal oneAdj · חָסִיד (H2623)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָסִיד (H2623) 'your loyal one'.