1
הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ הַֽלְל֣וּ אֶת יְ֭הוָה מִן הַשָּׁמַ֑יִם הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ בַּמְּרוֹמִֽים
Praise you YHWH. Praise you YHWH from the heavens: praise him in the heights.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הַ֥לְלוּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
יָ֨הּYahN · יָהּ (H3050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָהּ (H3050) 'Yah'.
הַֽלְל֣וּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְ֭הוָהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הַשָּׁמַ֑יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp + sfx 3ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
בַּמְּרוֹמִֽיםthe heights ofprep + art + N com m pl abs · מָרוֹם (H4791)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
2
הַֽלְל֥וּהוּ כָל מַלְאָכָ֑יו הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ כָּל צבאו צְבָאָֽיו
Praise you him, all his angels: praise you him, all his hosts.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַֽלְל֥וּהוּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp + sfx 3ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מַלְאָכָ֑יוthe angel ofN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'the angel of'.
הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp + sfx 3ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
צבאוhis armyN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'his army'.
צְבָאָֽיוof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
3
הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֑חַ הַ֝לְל֗וּהוּ כָּל כּ֥וֹכְבֵי אֽוֹר
Praise you him, sun and moon: praise him, all you stars of light.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp + sfx 3ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
שֶׁ֣מֶשׁsunN c · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'sun'.
וְיָרֵ֑חַand moonconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יָרֵחַ (H3394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵחַ (H3394) 'and moon'.
הַ֝לְל֗וּהוּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp + sfx 3ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
כּ֥וֹכְבֵיthe starsN c · כּוֹכָב (H3556)Construct chain (genitival)כּוֹכָב (H3556) 'the stars'.
אֽוֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
4
הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ שְׁמֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְ֝הַמַּ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר מֵעַ֬ל הַשָּׁמָֽיִם
Praise him, you heavens of heavens, and you waters that above the heavens.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp + sfx 3ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
שְׁמֵ֣יthe heavensN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
הַשָּׁמָ֑יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
וְ֝הַמַּ֗יִםand the watersconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'and the waters'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
מֵעַ֬לfrom uponprep + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from upon'.
הַשָּׁמָֽיִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
5
יְֽ֭הַֽלְלוּ אֶת שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י ה֭וּא צִוָּ֣ה וְנִבְרָֽאוּ
Let them praise the name of YHWH: for he commanded, and they were created.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יְֽ֭הַֽלְלוּand they praisedPiel jussive 3mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
שֵׁ֣םthe name ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name of'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ה֭וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
צִוָּ֣הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) 'commanded'.
וְנִבְרָֽאוּcreatedconj וְ + Niphal perf 3cp · בָּרָא (H1254)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּרָא (H1254) 'created'.
6
וַיַּעֲמִידֵ֣ם לָעַ֣ד לְעוֹלָ֑ם חָק נָ֝תַ֗ן וְלֹ֣א יַעֲבֽוֹר
He has also stablished them for ever and ever: he has made a decree which shall not pass.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'standing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיַּעֲמִידֵ֣םstandingconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) 'standing'.
לָעַ֣דforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עַד (H5703)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַד (H5703) 'forever'.
לְעוֹלָ֑םforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
חָקa due ofN c · חֹק (H2706)Construct chain (genitival)חֹק (H2706) 'a due of'.
נָ֝תַ֗ןis givingQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יַעֲבֽוֹרare crossingQal impf 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַר (H5674) 'are crossing'.
7
הַֽלְל֣וּ אֶת יְ֭הוָה מִן הָאָ֑רֶץ תַּ֝נִּינִ֗ים וְכָל תְּהֹמֽוֹת
Praise YHWH from the earth, you dragons, and all deeps:
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הַֽלְל֣וּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְ֭הוָהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
תַּ֝נִּינִ֗יםserpentsN c · תַּנִּין (H8577)Construct chain (genitival)תַּנִּין (H8577) 'serpents'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
תְּהֹמֽוֹתthe deepN c · תְּהוֹם (H8415)Construct chain (genitival)תְּהוֹם (H8415) 'the deep'.
8
אֵ֣שׁ וּ֭בָרָד שֶׁ֣לֶג וְקִיט֑וֹר ר֥וּחַ סְ֝עָרָ֗ה עֹשָׂ֥ה דְבָרֽוֹ
Fire, and hail; snow, and vapour; stormy wind fulfilling his word:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֵ֣שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
וּ֭בָרָדand hailconj וְ + N com m sg abs · בָּרָד (H1259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּרָד (H1259) 'and hail'.
שֶׁ֣לֶגlike snowN c · שֶׁלֶג (H7950)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁלֶג (H7950) 'like snow'.
וְקִיט֑וֹרthe smoke ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · קִיטוֹר (H7008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיטוֹר (H7008) 'the smoke of'.
ר֥וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
סְ֝עָרָ֗הinN c · סַעַר (H5591)Construct chain (genitival)סַעַר (H5591) 'in'.
עֹשָׂ֥הhe didQal ptc fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
דְבָרֽוֹhis wordN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'his word'.
9
הֶהָרִ֥ים וְכָל גְּבָע֑וֹת עֵ֥ץ פְּ֝רִ֗י וְכָל אֲרָזִֽים
Mountains, and all hills; fruitful trees, and all cedars:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֶהָרִ֥יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
גְּבָע֑וֹתthe hills ofN c · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Construct chain (genitival)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
עֵ֥ץwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
פְּ֝רִ֗יthe fruit ofN c · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival)פְּרִי (H6529) 'the fruit of'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
אֲרָזִֽיםcedarN c · אֶרֶז (H730)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶז (H730) 'cedar'.
10
הַֽחַיָּ֥ה וְכָל בְּהֵמָ֑ה רֶ֝֗מֶשׂ וְצִפּ֥וֹר כָּנָֽף
Beasts, and all cattle; creeping things, and flying fowl:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הַֽחַיָּ֥הthe livingart + N com f sg abs · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'the living'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
בְּהֵמָ֑הbeastN c · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Construct chain (genitival)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'beast'.
רֶ֝֗מֶשׂcreeping thing ofN c · רֶמֶשׂ (H7431)Construct chain (genitival)רֶמֶשׂ (H7431) 'creeping thing of'.
וְצִפּ֥וֹרthe birdconj וְ + N com c sg constr · צִפּוֹר (H6833)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִפּוֹר (H6833) 'the bird'.
כָּנָֽףthe skirt ofN c · כָּנָף (H3671)Construct chain (genitival)כָּנָף (H3671) 'the skirt of'.
11
מַלְכֵי אֶ֭רֶץ וְכָל לְאֻמִּ֑ים שָׂ֝רִ֗ים וְכָל שֹׁ֥פְטֵי אָֽרֶץ
Kings of the earth, and all people; princes, and all judges of the earth:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the judges of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מַלְכֵיkings ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings of'.
אֶ֭רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
לְאֻמִּ֑יםpeoplesN c · לְאֹם (H3816)Construct chain (genitival)לְאֹם (H3816) 'peoples'.
שָׂ֝רִ֗יםprincesN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'princes'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
שֹׁ֥פְטֵיthe judges ofQal ptc mp · שָׁפַט (H8199)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁפַט (H8199) 'the judges of'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
12
בַּחוּרִ֥ים וְגַם בְּתוּל֑וֹת זְ֝קֵנִ֗ים עִם נְעָרִֽים
Both young men, and maidens; old men, and children:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
בַּחוּרִ֥יםyoung manN c · בָּחוּר (H970)Construct chain (genitival)בָּחוּר (H970) 'young man'.
וְגַםand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
בְּתוּל֑וֹתa virginN c · בְּתוּלָה (H1330)Construct chain (genitival)בְּתוּלָה (H1330) 'a virgin'.
זְ֝קֵנִ֗יםoldAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'old'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
נְעָרִֽיםthe boyN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
13
יְהַלְל֤וּ אֶת שֵׁ֬ם יְהוָ֗ה כִּֽי נִשְׂגָּ֣ב שְׁמ֣וֹ לְבַדּ֑וֹ ה֝וֹד֗וֹ עַל אֶ֥רֶץ וְשָׁמָֽיִם
Let them praise the name of YHWH: for his name alone is excellent; his glory above the earth and heaven.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
יְהַלְל֤וּand they praisedPiel jussive 3mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
שֵׁ֬םthe name ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name of'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִשְׂגָּ֣בwas too highN · שָׂגַב (H7682)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂגַב (H7682) 'was too high'.
שְׁמ֣וֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
לְבַדּ֑וֹaloneprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּד (H905)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּד (H905) 'alone'.
ה֝וֹד֗וֹsome of your authorityN c · הוֹד (H1935)Construct chain (genitival)הוֹד (H1935) 'some of your authority'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
וְשָׁמָֽיִםand heavensconj וְ + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'and heavens'.
14
וַיָּ֤רֶם קֶ֨רֶן לְעַמּ֡וֹ תְּהִלָּ֤ה לְֽכָל חֲסִידָ֗יו לִבְנֵ֣י יִ֭שְׂרָאֵל עַֽם קְרֹב֗וֹ הַֽלְלוּ יָֽהּ
He also exalteth the horn of his people, the praise of all his saints; of the children of Israel, a people near to him. Praise you YHWH.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and it bred worms'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיָּ֤רֶםand it bred wormsconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרוּם (H7311) 'and it bred worms'.
קֶ֨רֶןits hornsN c · קֶרֶן (H7161)Construct chain (genitival)קֶרֶן (H7161) 'its horns'.
לְעַמּ֡וֹthe peopleprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
תְּהִלָּ֤הyour praiseN c · תְּהִלָּה (H8416)Construct chain (genitival)תְּהִלָּה (H8416) 'your praise'.
לְֽכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
חֲסִידָ֗יוyour loyal oneAdj · חָסִיד (H2623)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָסִיד (H2623) 'your loyal one'.
לִבְנֵ֣יof the sons ofprep + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'of the sons of'.
יִ֭שְׂרָאֵלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
עַֽםa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
קְרֹב֗וֹnearAdj · קָרוֹב (H7138)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרוֹב (H7138) 'near'.
הַֽלְלוּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
יָֽהּYahN · יָהּ (H3050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָהּ (H3050) 'Yah'.