Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Psalms, Chapter 105תהלים 105

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Psalms 105 (45 verses in the MT) opens: O give thanks to YHWH; call upon his name: make known his deeds among the people. The middle of the chapter continues: Israel also came into Egypt; and Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham. It closes: That they might observe his statutes, and keep his laws. Praise you YHWH.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Psalms 105 comprises 45 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-9) — O give thanks to YHWH; call upon his name: make known his deeds among th. O give thanks to YHWH; call upon his name: make known his deeds among the people. Sing to him, sing psalms to him: talk you of all his wondrous works. Glory you in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that seek YHWH. Seek YHWH, and his strength: seek his face evermore. Remember his marvellous works that he has done; his wonders, and the judgments of. Movement II (vv. 10-18) — And confirmed the same to Jacob for a law, to Israel an everlasting cove. And confirmed the same to Jacob for a law, to Israel an everlasting covenant: Saying, To you will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of your inheritance: When they were a few men in number; yea, very few, and strangers in it. When they went from one nation to another, from kingdom to another people; He suffered no man to do them wrong: yea, he reproved. Movement III (vv. 19-27) — Until the time that his word came: the word of YHWH tried him. Until the time that his word came: the word of YHWH tried him. The king sent and loosed him; the ruler of the people, and let him go free. He made him lord of his house, and ruler of all his substance: To bind his princes at his pleasure; and teach his senators wisdom. Israel also came into Egypt; and Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham. And he increased his. Movement IV (vv. 28-36) — He sent darkness, and made it dark; and they rebelled not against his wo. He sent darkness, and made it dark; and they rebelled not against his word. He turned their waters into blood, and slew their fish. Their land brought forth frogs in abundance, in the chambers of their kings. He spake, and there came divers sorts of flies, lice in all their coasts. He gave them hail for rain, flaming fire in their land. He smote their vines. Movement V (vv. 37-45) — He brought them forth also with silver and gold: and not one feeble amon. He brought them forth also with silver and gold: and not one feeble among their tribes. Egypt was glad when they departed: for the fear of them fell upon them. He spread a cloud for a covering; and fire to give light in the night. asked, and he brought quails, and satisfied them with the bread of heaven. He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

הוֹד֣וּ לַ֭יהוָה קִרְא֣וּ בִּשְׁמ֑וֹ הוֹדִ֥יעוּ בָ֝עַמִּ֗ים עֲלִילוֹתָֽיו

O give thanks to YHWH; call upon his name: make known his deeds among the people.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'I will praise'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הוֹד֣וּI will praiseHiphil impv 2mp · יָדָה (H3034)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָדָה (H3034) 'I will praise'.
לַ֭יהוָהto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
קִרְא֣וּand he calledQal impv 2mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
בִּשְׁמ֑וֹin his nameprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in his name'.
הוֹדִ֥יעוּI knowHiphil impv 2mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
בָ֝עַמִּ֗יםamong the peoplesprep + art + N com m pl abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'among the peoples'.
עֲלִילוֹתָֽיוoccasions/pretexts ofN c · עֲלִילָה (H5949)Construct chain (genitival)עֲלִילָה (H5949) 'occasions/pretexts of'.
2

שִֽׁירוּ ל֭וֹ זַמְּרוּ ל֑וֹ שִׂ֝֗יחוּ בְּכָל נִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו

Sing to him, sing psalms to him: talk you of all his wondrous works.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is ''Sing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שִֽׁירוּ'SingQal impv 2mp · שִׁיר (H7891)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשִׁיר (H7891) ''Sing'.
ל֭וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
זַמְּרוּI will make musicPiel impv 2mp · זָמַר (H2167)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָמַר (H2167) 'I will make music'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
שִׂ֝֗יחוּrecountQal impv 2mp · שִׂיחַ (H7878)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשִׂיחַ (H7878) 'recount'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
נִפְלְאוֹתָֽיוto fulfillN · פָּלָא (H6381)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּלָא (H6381) 'to fulfill'.
3

הִֽ֭תְהַלְלוּ בְּשֵׁ֣ם קָדְשׁ֑וֹ יִ֝שְׂמַ֗ח לֵ֤ב מְבַקְשֵׁ֬י יְהוָֽה

Glory you in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that seek YHWH.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הִֽ֭תְהַלְלוּand they praisedHithpael impv 2mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
בְּשֵׁ֣םin the name ofprep + N com m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in the name of'.
קָדְשׁ֑וֹholyN c · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Construct chain (genitival)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'.
יִ֝שְׂמַ֗חand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
לֵ֤בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
מְבַקְשֵׁ֬יseekingPiel ptc mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
4

דִּרְשׁ֣וּ יְהוָ֣ה וְעֻזּ֑וֹ בַּקְּשׁ֖וּ פָנָ֣יו תָּמִֽיד

Seek YHWH, and his strength: seek his face evermore.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'I will require'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
דִּרְשׁ֣וּI will requireQal impv 2mp · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'I will require'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְעֻזּ֑וֹstrengthconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · עֹז (H5797)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹז (H5797) 'strength'.
בַּקְּשׁ֖וּseekingPiel impv 2mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
פָנָ֣יוhis faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'his face'.
תָּמִֽידcontinuallyN c · תָּמִיד (H8548)Construct chain (genitival)תָּמִיד (H8548) 'continually'.
5

זִכְר֗וּ נִפְלְאוֹתָ֥יו אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂ֑ה מֹ֝פְתָ֗יו וּמִשְׁפְּטֵי פִֽיו

Remember his marvellous works that he has done; his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth;

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and you shall remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
זִכְר֗וּand you shall rememberQal impv 2mp · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'and you shall remember'.
נִפְלְאוֹתָ֥יוto fulfillN · פָּלָא (H6381)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּלָא (H6381) 'to fulfill'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשָׂ֑הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
מֹ֝פְתָ֗יוand the wondersN c · מוֹפֵת (H4159)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹפֵת (H4159) 'and the wonders'.
וּמִשְׁפְּטֵיjudgmentconj וְ + N com m pl constr · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
פִֽיוhis wordN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'his word'.
6

זֶ֭רַע אַבְרָהָ֣ם עַבְדּ֑וֹ בְּנֵ֖י יַעֲקֹ֣ב בְּחִירָֽיו

O you seed of Abraham his servant, you children of Jacob his chosen.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
זֶ֭רַעseedN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'.
אַבְרָהָ֣םAbrahamN · אַבְרָהָם (H85)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַבְרָהָם (H85) 'Abraham'.
עַבְדּ֑וֹhis servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servant'.
בְּנֵ֖יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
יַעֲקֹ֣בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
בְּחִירָֽיוchooseAdj · בָּחִיר (H972)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּחִיר (H972) 'choose'.
7

ה֭וּא יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ בְּכָל הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ מִשְׁפָּטָֽיו

He YHWH our God: his judgments in all the earth.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ה֭וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
הָ֝אָ֗רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
מִשְׁפָּטָֽיוits ordinancesN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'its ordinances'.
8

זָכַ֣ר לְעוֹלָ֣ם בְּרִית֑וֹ דָּבָ֥ר צִ֝וָּ֗ה לְאֶ֣לֶף דּֽוֹר

He has remembered his covenant for ever, the word he commanded to a thousand generations.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'Remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
זָכַ֣רRememberQal perf 3ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
לְעוֹלָ֣םforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
בְּרִית֑וֹhis covenantN c · בְּרִית (H1285)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִית (H1285) 'his covenant'.
דָּבָ֥רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
צִ֝וָּ֗הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) 'commanded'.
לְאֶ֣לֶףto a thousandprep + Adj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'to a thousand'.
דּֽוֹרgenerationN c · דּוֹר (H1755)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'.
9

אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּ֭רַת אֶת אַבְרָהָ֑ם וּשְׁב֖וּעָת֣וֹ לְיִשְׂחָֽק

Which he made with Abraham, and his oath to Isaac;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he made'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
כָּ֭רַתhe madeQal perf 3ms · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּרַת (H3772) 'he made'.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
אַבְרָהָ֑םAbrahamN · אַבְרָהָם (H85)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַבְרָהָם (H85) 'Abraham'.
וּשְׁב֖וּעָת֣וֹthe oathconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · שְׁבוּעָה (H7621)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁבוּעָה (H7621) 'the oath'.
לְיִשְׂחָֽקIsaac. Compareprep + N proper · יִשְׂחָק (H3446)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂחָק (H3446) 'Isaac. Compare'.
10

וַיַּֽעֲמִידֶ֣הָ לְיַעֲקֹ֣ב לְחֹ֑ק לְ֝יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָֽם

And confirmed the same to Jacob for a law, to Israel an everlasting covenant:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'standing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיַּֽעֲמִידֶ֣הָstandingconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) 'standing'.
לְיַעֲקֹ֣בto Jacobprep + N proper · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'to Jacob'.
לְחֹ֑קas a due ofprep + N com m sg abs · חֹק (H2706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹק (H2706) 'as a due of'.
לְ֝יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לto Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'to Israel'.
בְּרִ֣יתthe covenant ofN c · בְּרִית (H1285)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִית (H1285) 'the covenant of'.
עוֹלָֽםperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
11

לֵאמֹ֗ר לְךָ֗ אֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת אֶֽרֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן חֶ֝֗בֶל נַחֲלַתְכֶֽם

Saying, To you will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of your inheritance:

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'saying'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לֵאמֹ֗רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
לְךָ֗to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
אֶתֵּ֥ןI will giveQal impf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'I will give'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֶֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
כְּנָ֑עַןCanaanN · כְּנַעַן (H3667)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּנַעַן (H3667) 'Canaan'.
חֶ֝֗בֶלthe region ofN c · חֶבֶל (H2256)Construct chain (genitival)חֶבֶל (H2256) 'the region of'.
נַחֲלַתְכֶֽםas an inheritanceN c · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Construct chain (genitival)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'as an inheritance'.
12

בִּֽ֭הְיוֹתָם מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֑ר כִּ֝מְעַ֗ט וְגָרִ֥ים בָּֽהּ

When they were a few men in number; yea, very few, and strangers in it.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'when they were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
בִּֽ֭הְיוֹתָםwhen they wereprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'when they were'.
מְתֵ֣יmen ofN c · מַת (H4962)Construct chain (genitival)מַת (H4962) 'men of'.
מִסְפָּ֑רthe number ofN c · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Construct chain (genitival)מִסְפָּר (H4557) 'the number of'.
כִּ֝מְעַ֗טalmostprep + N com m sg abs · מְעַט (H4592)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְעַט (H4592) 'almost'.
וְגָרִ֥יםwho sojournsconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · גּוּר (H1481)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגּוּר (H1481) 'who sojourns'.
בָּֽהּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
13

וַֽ֭יִּתְהַלְּכוּ מִגּ֣וֹי אֶל גּ֑וֹי מִ֝מַּמְלָכָ֗ה אֶל עַ֥ם אַחֵֽר

When they went from one nation to another, from kingdom to another people;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and walk through'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַֽ֭יִּתְהַלְּכוּand walk throughconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3mp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H1980) 'and walk through'.
מִגּ֣וֹיthe nationsprep + N com m sg abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'the nations'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
גּ֑וֹיa nationN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'a nation'.
מִ֝מַּמְלָכָ֗הthe kingdoms ofprep + N com f sg abs · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'the kingdoms of'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עַ֥םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
אַחֵֽרanotherAdj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'another'.
14

לֹֽא הִנִּ֣יחַ אָדָ֣ם לְעָשְׁקָ֑ם וַיּ֖וֹכַח עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מְלָכִֽים

He suffered no man to do them wrong: yea, he reproved kings for their sakes;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he left'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הִנִּ֣יחַhe leftHiphil perf 3ms · נוּחַ (H3240)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּחַ (H3240) 'he left'.
אָדָ֣םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
לְעָשְׁקָ֑םyou shall oppressprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3mp · עָשַׁק (H6231)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשַׁק (H6231) 'you shall oppress'.
וַיּ֖וֹכַחand he rebukedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָכַח (H3198)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָכַח (H3198) 'and he rebuked'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֣םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
מְלָכִֽיםkingsN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings'.
15

אַֽל תִּגְּע֥וּ בִמְשִׁיחָ֑י וְ֝לִנְבִיאַי אַל תָּרֵֽעוּ

, Touch not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall touch'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּגְּע֥וּyou shall touchQal jussive 2mp · נָגַע (H5060)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָגַע (H5060) 'you shall touch'.
בִמְשִׁיחָ֑יthe anointedprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · מָשִׁיחַ (H4899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָשִׁיחַ (H4899) 'the anointed'.
וְ֝לִנְבִיאַיa prophetconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תָּרֵֽעוּact wickedlyHiphil jussive 2mp · רָעַע (H7489)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalרָעַע (H7489) 'act wickedly'.
16

וַיִּקְרָ֣א רָ֭עָב עַל הָאָ֑רֶץ כָּֽל מַטֵּה לֶ֥חֶם שָׁבָֽר

Moreover he called for a famine upon the land: he brake the whole staff of bread.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיִּקְרָ֣אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
רָ֭עָבfamineN c · רָעָב (H7458)Construct chain (genitival)רָעָב (H7458) 'famine'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
כָּֽלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מַטֵּהthe tribe ofN c · מַטֶּה (H4294)Construct chain (genitival)מַטֶּה (H4294) 'the tribe of'.
לֶ֥חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
שָׁבָֽרbrokeQal perf 3ms · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַר (H7665) 'broke'.
17

שָׁלַ֣ח לִפְנֵיהֶ֣ם אִ֑ישׁ לְ֝עֶ֗בֶד נִמְכַּ֥ר יוֹסֵֽף

He sent a man before them, Joseph, was sold for a servant:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'let go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שָׁלַ֣חlet goQal perf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'let go'.
לִפְנֵיהֶ֣םbefore themprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before them'.
אִ֑ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
לְ֝עֶ֗בֶדhis servantsprep + N com m sg abs · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servants'.
נִמְכַּ֥רhe has sold himselfN · מָכַר (H4376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָכַר (H4376) 'he has sold himself'.
יוֹסֵֽףJosephN · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹסֵף (H3130) 'Joseph'.
18

עִנּ֣וּ בַכֶּ֣בֶל רגליו רַגְל֑וֹ בַּ֝רְזֶ֗ל בָּ֣אָה נַפְשֽׁוֹ

Whose feet they hurt with fetters: he was laid in iron:

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and you shall afflict'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עִנּ֣וּand you shall afflictPiel perf 3cp · עָנָה (H6031)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָנָה (H6031) 'and you shall afflict'.
בַכֶּ֣בֶלinprep + art + N com m sg abs · כֶּבֶל (H3525)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּבֶל (H3525) 'in'.
רגליוhis feetN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'his feet'.
רַגְל֑וֹhis footN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'his foot'.
בַּ֝רְזֶ֗לironN c · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Construct chain (genitival)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'iron'.
בָּ֣אָהhas comeQal perf 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'has come'.
נַפְשֽׁוֹhis soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
19

עַד עֵ֥ת בֹּֽא דְבָר֑וֹ אִמְרַ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה צְרָפָֽתְהוּ

Until the time that his word came: the word of YHWH tried him.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'times'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
עֵ֥תtimesQal inf constr · עֵת (H6256)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעֵת (H6256) 'times'.
בֹּֽאcameQal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
דְבָר֑וֹhis wordN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'his word'.
אִמְרַ֖תmy speechN c · אִמְרָה (H565)Construct chain (genitival)אִמְרָה (H565) 'my speech'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְרָפָֽתְהוּandQal perf 3fs + sfx 3ms · צָרַף (H6884)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצָרַף (H6884) 'and'.
20

שָׁ֣לַח מֶ֭לֶךְ וַיַּתִּירֵ֑הוּ מֹשֵׁ֥ל עַ֝מִּ֗ים וַֽיְפַתְּחֵֽהוּ

The king sent and loosed him; the ruler of the people, and let him go free.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'let go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שָׁ֣לַחlet goQal perf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'let go'.
מֶ֭לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
וַיַּתִּירֵ֑הוּto leapconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · נָתַר (H5425)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַר (H5425) 'to leap'.
מֹשֵׁ֥לrulingQal ptc ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
עַ֝מִּ֗יםpeoplesN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'peoples'.
וַֽיְפַתְּחֵֽהוּand he openedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּתַח (H6605) 'and he opened'.
21

שָׂמ֣וֹ אָד֣וֹן לְבֵית֑וֹ וּ֝מֹשֵׁ֗ל בְּכָל קִנְיָנֽוֹ

He made him lord of his house, and ruler of all his substance:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'had set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שָׂמ֣וֹhad setQal perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'had set'.
אָד֣וֹןmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
לְבֵית֑וֹto his houseprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'to his house'.
וּ֝מֹשֵׁ֗לand rulerconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'and ruler'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
קִנְיָנֽוֹhis acquisitionN c · קִנְיָן (H7075)Construct chain (genitival)קִנְיָן (H7075) 'his acquisition'.
22

לֶאְסֹ֣ר שָׂרָ֣יו בְּנַפְשׁ֑וֹ וּזְקֵנָ֥יו יְחַכֵּֽם

To bind his princes at his pleasure; and teach his senators wisdom.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to bind'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
לֶאְסֹ֣רto bindprep + Qal inf constr · אָסַר (H631)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָסַר (H631) 'to bind'.
שָׂרָ֣יוchief ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
בְּנַפְשׁ֑וֹto his lifeprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'to his life'.
וּזְקֵנָ֥יוand its eldersconj וְ + Adj + sfx 3ms · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'and its elders'.
יְחַכֵּֽםthey were wisePiel impf 3ms · חָכַם (H2449)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָכַם (H2449) 'they were wise'.
23

וַיָּבֹ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מִצְרָ֑יִם וְ֝יַעֲקֹ֗ב גָּ֣ר בְּאֶֽרֶץ חָֽם

Israel also came into Egypt; and Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיָּבֹ֣אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֣לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
מִצְרָ֑יִםEgyptN · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'.
וְ֝יַעֲקֹ֗בand Jacobconj וְ + N proper · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'and Jacob'.
גָּ֣רis sojourningQal perf 3ms · גּוּר (H1481)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגּוּר (H1481) 'is sojourning'.
בְּאֶֽרֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
חָֽםHamN · חָם (H2526)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָם (H2526) 'Ham'.
24

וַיֶּ֣פֶר אֶת עַמּ֣וֹ מְאֹ֑ד וַ֝יַּֽעֲצִמֵהוּ מִצָּרָֽיו

And he increased his people greatly; and made them stronger than their enemies.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'be fruitful'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיֶּ֣פֶרbe fruitfulconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּרָה (H6509)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּרָה (H6509) 'be fruitful'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עַמּ֣וֹhis peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'his people'.
מְאֹ֑דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
וַ֝יַּֽעֲצִמֵהוּand grew strongconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · עָצַם (H6105)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָצַם (H6105) 'and grew strong'.
מִצָּרָֽיוagainst his adversariesprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · צַר (H6862)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַר (H6862) 'against his adversaries'.
25

הָפַ֣ךְ לִ֭בָּם לִשְׂנֹ֣א עַמּ֑וֹ לְ֝הִתְנַכֵּ֗ל בַּעֲבָדָֽיו

He turned their heart to hate his people, to deal subtilly with his servants.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הָפַ֣ךְhas turnedQal perf 3ms · הָפַךְ (H2015)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
לִ֭בָּםtheir heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'their heart'.
לִשְׂנֹ֣אhatingprep + Qal inf constr · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
עַמּ֑וֹhis peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'his people'.
לְ֝הִתְנַכֵּ֗לthey conspiredprep + Hithpael inf constr · נָכַל (H5230)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָכַל (H5230) 'they conspired'.
בַּעֲבָדָֽיוthe servants ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
26

שָׁ֭לַח מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֑וֹ אַ֝הֲרֹ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּֽחַר בּֽוֹ

He sent Moses his servant; Aaron whom he had chosen.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'let go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שָׁ֭לַחlet goQal perf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'let go'.
מֹשֶׁ֣הMosesN · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'.
עַבְדּ֑וֹhis servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servant'.
אַ֝הֲרֹ֗ןAaronN · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַהֲרֹן (H175) 'Aaron'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בָּֽחַרhas chosenQal perf 3ms · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּחַר (H977) 'has chosen'.
בּֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
27

שָֽׂמוּ בָ֭ם דִּבְרֵ֣י אֹתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מֹפְתִ֗ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חָֽם

They shewed his signs among them, and wonders in the land of Ham.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'had set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שָֽׂמוּhad setQal perf 3cp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'had set'.
בָ֭םagainst themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against them'.
דִּבְרֵ֣יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
אֹתוֹתָ֑יוthe signsN c · אוֹת (H226)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹת (H226) 'the signs'.
וּ֝מֹפְתִ֗יםand wondersconj וְ + N com m pl abs · מוֹפֵת (H4159)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹפֵת (H4159) 'and wonders'.
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
חָֽםHamN · חָם (H2526)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָם (H2526) 'Ham'.
28

שָׁ֣לַֽח חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא מָ֝ר֗וּ אֶת דברוו דְּבָרֽוֹ

He sent darkness, and made it dark; and they rebelled not against his word.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'let go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שָׁ֣לַֽחlet goQal perf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'let go'.
חֹ֭שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְand...was darkenedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · חָשַׁךְ (H2821)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָשַׁךְ (H2821) 'and...was darkened'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
מָ֝ר֗וּyou rebelledQal perf 3cp · מָרָה (H4784)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָרָה (H4784) 'you rebelled'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דברווthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
דְּבָרֽוֹhis wordN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'his word'.
29

הָפַ֣ךְ אֶת מֵימֵיהֶ֣ם לְדָ֑ם וַ֝יָּ֗מֶת אֶת דְּגָתָֽם

He turned their waters into blood, and slew their fish.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הָפַ֣ךְhas turnedQal perf 3ms · הָפַךְ (H2015)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מֵימֵיהֶ֣םtheir waterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'their water'.
לְדָ֑םinto bloodprep + N com m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'into blood'.
וַ֝יָּ֗מֶתand he diedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דְּגָתָֽםand the fishN c · דָּגָה (H1710)Construct chain (genitival)דָּגָה (H1710) 'and the fish'.
30

שָׁרַ֣ץ אַרְצָ֣ם צְפַרְדְּעִ֑ים בְּ֝חַדְרֵ֗י מַלְכֵיהֶֽם

Their land brought forth frogs in abundance, in the chambers of their kings.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'that swarms'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
שָׁרַ֣ץthat swarmsQal perf 3ms · שָׁרַץ (H8317)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁרַץ (H8317) 'that swarms'.
אַרְצָ֣םtheir landN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'their land'.
צְפַרְדְּעִ֑יםfrogsN c · צְפַרְדֵּעַ (H6854)Construct chain (genitival)צְפַרְדֵּעַ (H6854) 'frogs'.
בְּ֝חַדְרֵ֗יin the chamber ofprep + N com m pl constr · חֶדֶר (H2315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶדֶר (H2315) 'in the chamber of'.
מַלְכֵיהֶֽםtheir kingsN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'their kings'.
31

אָ֭מַר וַיָּבֹ֣א עָרֹ֑ב כִּ֝נִּ֗ים בְּכָל גְּבוּלָֽם

He spake, and there came divers sorts of flies, lice in all their coasts.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אָ֭מַרhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
וַיָּבֹ֣אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
עָרֹ֑בswarm(s)N c · עָרֹב (H6157)Construct chain (genitival)עָרֹב (H6157) 'swarm(s)'.
כִּ֝נִּ֗יםgnatsN c · כֵּן (H3654)Construct chain (genitival)כֵּן (H3654) 'gnats'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
גְּבוּלָֽםtheir borderN c · גְּבוּל (H1366)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'their border'.
32

נָתַ֣ן גִּשְׁמֵיהֶ֣ם בָּרָ֑ד אֵ֖שׁ לֶהָב֣וֹת בְּאַרְצָֽם

He gave them hail for rain, flaming fire in their land.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'is giving'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
נָתַ֣ןis givingQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
גִּשְׁמֵיהֶ֣םthe rainN c · גֶּשֶׁם (H1653)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּשֶׁם (H1653) 'the rain'.
בָּרָ֑דhailN c · בָּרָד (H1259)Construct chain (genitival)בָּרָד (H1259) 'hail'.
אֵ֖שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
לֶהָב֣וֹתa flameN c · לֶהָבָה (H3852)Construct chain (genitival)לֶהָבָה (H3852) 'a flame'.
בְּאַרְצָֽםin their landprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in their land'.
33

וַיַּ֣ךְ גַּ֭פְנָם וּתְאֵנָתָ֑ם וַ֝יְשַׁבֵּ֗ר עֵ֣ץ גְּבוּלָֽם

He smote their vines also and their fig trees; and brake the trees of their coasts.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he struck'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיַּ֣ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
גַּ֭פְנָםtheir vineN c · גֶּפֶן (H1612)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּפֶן (H1612) 'their vine'.
וּתְאֵנָתָ֑םand fig treeconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3mp · תְּאֵנָה (H8384)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּאֵנָה (H8384) 'and fig tree'.
וַ֝יְשַׁבֵּ֗רyou shall breakconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁבַר (H7665) 'you shall break'.
עֵ֣ץwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
גְּבוּלָֽםtheir borderN c · גְּבוּל (H1366)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'their border'.
34

אָ֭מַר וַיָּבֹ֣א אַרְבֶּ֑ה וְ֝יֶ֗לֶק וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּֽר

He spake, and the locusts came, and caterpillers, and that without number,

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אָ֭מַרhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
וַיָּבֹ֣אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
אַרְבֶּ֑הlocustsN c · אַרְבֶּה (H697)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְבֶּה (H697) 'locusts'.
וְ֝יֶ֗לֶקas / likeconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶק (H3218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶק (H3218) 'as / like'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מִסְפָּֽרthe number ofN c · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Construct chain (genitival)מִסְפָּר (H4557) 'the number of'.
35

וַיֹּ֣אכַל כָּל עֵ֣שֶׂב בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וַ֝יֹּ֗אכַל פְּרִ֣י אַדְמָתָֽם

And did eat up all the herbs in their land, and devoured the fruit of their ground.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he ate'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיֹּ֣אכַלand he ateconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'and he ate'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עֵ֣שֶׂבplant ofN c · עֵשֶׂב (H6212)Construct chain (genitival)עֵשֶׂב (H6212) 'plant of'.
בְּאַרְצָ֑םin their landprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in their land'.
וַ֝יֹּ֗אכַלand he ateconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'and he ate'.
פְּרִ֣יthe fruit ofN c · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival)פְּרִי (H6529) 'the fruit of'.
אַדְמָתָֽםtheir landN c · אֲדָמָה (H127)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'their land'.
36

וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל בְּכ֣וֹר בְּאַרְצָ֑ם רֵ֝אשִׁ֗ית לְכָל אוֹנָֽם

He smote also all the firstborn in their land, the chief of all their strength.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he struck'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיַּ֣ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
בְּכ֣וֹרthe firstborn ofN c · בְּכוֹר (H1060)Construct chain (genitival)בְּכוֹר (H1060) 'the firstborn of'.
בְּאַרְצָ֑םin their landprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in their land'.
רֵ֝אשִׁ֗יתthe first ofN c · רֵאשִׁית (H7225)Construct chain (genitival)רֵאשִׁית (H7225) 'the first of'.
לְכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
אוֹנָֽםhis strengthN c · אוֹן (H202)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H202) 'his strength'.
37

וַֽ֭יּוֹצִיאֵם בְּכֶ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב וְאֵ֖ין בִּשְׁבָטָ֣יו כּוֹשֵֽׁל

He brought them forth also with silver and gold: and not one feeble among their tribes.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַֽ֭יּוֹצִיאֵםand he went outconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
בְּכֶ֣סֶףfor silverprep + N com m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'for silver'.
וְזָהָ֑בand goldconj וְ + N com m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָהָב (H2091) 'and gold'.
וְאֵ֖יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
בִּשְׁבָטָ֣יוthe tribe ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'the tribe of'.
כּוֹשֵֽׁלand they shall stumbleQal ptc ms · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
38

שָׂמַ֣ח מִצְרַ֣יִם בְּצֵאתָ֑ם כִּֽי נָפַ֖ל פַּחְדָּ֣ם עֲלֵיהֶֽם

Egypt was glad when they departed: for the fear of them fell upon them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'rejoice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שָׂמַ֣חrejoiceQal perf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂמַח (H8055) 'rejoice'.
מִצְרַ֣יִםEgyptN · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'.
בְּצֵאתָ֑םwhen they came outprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָצָא (H3318) 'when they came out'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נָפַ֖לfallenQal perf 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַל (H5307) 'fallen'.
פַּחְדָּ֣םthe dread of youN c · פַּחַד (H6343)Construct chain (genitival)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
עֲלֵיהֶֽםupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
39

פָּרַ֣שׂ עָנָ֣ן לְמָסָ֑ךְ וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ לְהָאִ֥יר לָֽיְלָה

He spread a cloud for a covering; and fire to give light in the night.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they shall spread'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
פָּרַ֣שׂand they shall spreadQal perf 3ms · פָּרַשׂ (H6566)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּרַשׂ (H6566) 'and they shall spread'.
עָנָ֣ןcloudN c · עָנָן (H6051)Construct chain (genitival)עָנָן (H6051) 'cloud'.
לְמָסָ֑ךְfor the screenprep + N com m sg abs · מָסָךְ (H4539)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָסָךְ (H4539) 'for the screen'.
וְ֝אֵ֗שׁand fireconj וְ + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'and fire'.
לְהָאִ֥ירto give lightprep + Hiphil inf constr · אוֹר (H215)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאוֹר (H215) 'to give light'.
לָֽיְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
40

שָׁאַ֣ל וַיָּבֵ֣א שְׂלָ֑ו וְלֶ֥חֶם שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם יַשְׂבִּיעֵֽם

asked, and he brought quails, and satisfied them with the bread of heaven.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'ask'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שָׁאַ֣לaskQal perf 3ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁאַל (H7592) 'ask'.
וַיָּבֵ֣אand he cameconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
שְׂלָ֑וthe quailN c · שְׂלָו (H7958)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂלָו (H7958) 'the quail'.
וְלֶ֥חֶםand breadconj וְ + N com c sg constr · לֶחֶם (H3899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'and bread'.
שָׁ֝מַ֗יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
יַשְׂבִּיעֵֽםand be satisfiedHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
41

פָּ֣תַח צ֭וּר וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מָ֑יִם הָ֝לְכ֗וּ בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת נָהָֽר

He opened the rock, and the waters gushed out; they ran in the dry places a river.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'surely (open)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
פָּ֣תַחsurely (open)Qal perf 3ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּתַח (H6605) 'surely (open)'.
צ֭וּרrockN c · צוּר (H6697)Construct chain (genitival)צוּר (H6697) 'rock'.
וַיָּז֣וּבוּflowing withconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · זוּב (H2100)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceזוּב (H2100) 'flowing with'.
מָ֑יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
הָ֝לְכ֗וּwalkedQal perf 3cp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'walked'.
בַּצִּיּ֥וֹתbarrenprep + art + N com f pl abs · צִיָּה (H6723)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיָּה (H6723) 'barren'.
נָהָֽרthe river ofN c · נָהָר (H5104)Construct chain (genitival)נָהָר (H5104) 'the river of'.
42

כִּֽי זָ֭כַר אֶת דְּבַ֣ר קָדְשׁ֑וֹ אֶֽת אַבְרָהָ֥ם עַבְדּֽוֹ

For he remembered his holy promise, Abraham his servant.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'Remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
זָ֭כַרRememberQal perf 3ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דְּבַ֣רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
קָדְשׁ֑וֹholyN c · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Construct chain (genitival)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אַבְרָהָ֥םAbrahamN · אַבְרָהָם (H85)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַבְרָהָם (H85) 'Abraham'.
עַבְדּֽוֹhis servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servant'.
43

וַיּוֹצִ֣א עַמּ֣וֹ בְשָׂשׂ֑וֹן בְּ֝רִנָּ֗ה אֶת בְּחִירָֽיו

And he brought forth his people with joy, his chosen with gladness:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and brought out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיּוֹצִ֣אand brought outconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and brought out'.
עַמּ֣וֹhis peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'his people'.
בְשָׂשׂ֑וֹןinprep + N com m sg abs · שָׂשׂוֹן (H8342)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂשׂוֹן (H8342) 'in'.
בְּ֝רִנָּ֗הcryprep + N com f sg abs · רִנָּה (H7440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִנָּה (H7440) 'cry'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
בְּחִירָֽיוchooseAdj · בָּחִיר (H972)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּחִיר (H972) 'choose'.
44

וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָ֭הֶם אַרְצ֣וֹת גּוֹיִ֑ם וַעֲמַ֖ל לְאֻמִּ֣ים יִירָֽשׁוּ

And gave them the lands of the heathen: and they inherited the labour of the people;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he gave'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיִּתֵּ֣ןand he gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'and he gave'.
לָ֭הֶםto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
אַרְצ֣וֹתthe landN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
גּוֹיִ֑םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
וַעֲמַ֖לtroubleconj וְ + N com c sg constr · עָמָל (H5999)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
לְאֻמִּ֣יםpeoplesN c · לְאֹם (H3816)Construct chain (genitival)לְאֹם (H3816) 'peoples'.
יִירָֽשׁוּmay possessQal impf 3mp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'may possess'.
45

בַּעֲב֤וּר יִשְׁמְר֣וּ חֻ֭קָּיו וְתוֹרֹתָ֥יו יִנְצֹ֗רוּ הַֽלְלוּ יָֽהּ

That they might observe his statutes, and keep his laws. Praise you YHWH.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall keep'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בַּעֲב֤וּרfor the sake ofprep + N com m sg constr · עָבוּר (H5668)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָבוּר (H5668) 'for the sake of'.
יִשְׁמְר֣וּand you shall keepQal impf 3mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
חֻ֭קָּיוhis statutesN c · חֹק (H2706)Construct chain (genitival)חֹק (H2706) 'his statutes'.
וְתוֹרֹתָ֥יוthe torahconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 3ms · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'the torah'.
יִנְצֹ֗רוּthey guardQal impf 3mp · נָצַר (H5341)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצַר (H5341) 'they guard'.
הַֽלְלוּand they praisedPiel impv 2mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
יָֽהּYahN · יָהּ (H3050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָהּ (H3050) 'Yah'.