Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Leviticus, Chapter 23ויקרא 23

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Israel's sacred calendar unfolds from the weekly Sabbath through Passover and Unleavened Bread, the firstfruits sheaf and Weeks, the autumn trumpet-blast, the Day of Atonement, and Booths — each מוֹעֵד a holy convocation binding the rhythm of agricultural labor and rest to Israel's ongoing dedication to YHWH.

Translation & textual notes

Leviticus 23 is the fullest calendar of Israel's מוֹעֲדִים, 'appointed times,' in the Torah, running from the weekly Sabbath through Passover, Unleavened Bread, Firstfruits, Weeks, Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, and Booths to a closing colophon. The MT is textually stable here; the chapter's real difficulties are interpretive rather than text-critical. Chief among them is v. 11's מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, 'the day after the sabbath,' on which the firstfruits sheaf is waved and from which the fifty-day count to Weeks begins (v. 15). Does שַׁבָּת mean the weekly Saturday falling within Unleavened Bread week — the later Pharisaic/rabbinic reading, which floats the omer and Weeks to a Sunday every year — or does it denote the festival day itself as a day of rest, fixing the omer to the sixteenth of Nisan regardless of weekday, as the Sadducees, Boethusians, and Samaritans read it? The text itself does not adjudicate. A second crux is structural: Booths receives a full unit (vv. 33-36), is then swept into the chapter's own summary colophon (vv. 37-38), and afterward resumes with its most distinctive rites — the four festive plants and dwelling in booths (vv. 39-43) — a doubling-back many critics read as a later supplement appended after the colophon had already closed the calendar. A third point of interest is the karet sanction attached to the Day of Atonement, which shifts within two verses from the passive, third-person וְנִכְרְתָה מֵעַמֶּיהָ (v. 29) to YHWH's own first-person וְהַאֲבַדְתִּי (v. 30) — an intensification worth noting rather than smoothing over. Versification follows the MT throughout.

1

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

Narrative frame opening the chapterוַ
The wayyiqtol וַיְדַבֵּר opens the chapter with the standard divine-speech formula, repeated verbatim at vv. 9, 23, 26, and 33 to launch each successive festival law; it frames the whole calendar of appointed times as YHWH's direct legislative address to Moses for relay to Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokewaw-consec + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol, narrative main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel of דבר 'to speak'; the formula וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר opens every legislative unit in this chapter (vv. 1, 9, 23, 26, 33).
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּריְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God, the tetragrammaton; traditionally read אֲדֹנָי and rendered 'the LORD'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the addressee of the divine speech.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶלמֹשֶׁה (H4872), the mediator of Sinai revelation; here the addressee of YHWH's speech.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival complement introducing direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: introduces the following quoted speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the infinitive construct with לְ is the standard formula opening reported divine speech, functioning like a colon before a quotation.
2

דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם מִקְרָאֵ֣י קֹ֑דֶשׁ אֵ֥לֶּה הֵ֖ם מוֹעֲדָֽי

Speak to the Israelites and say to them: The appointed times of the LORD, which you shall proclaim as holy convocations — these are my appointed times.

Content of the speech: chapter topic sentenceasyndeton
Verse 2 pairs the command to speak (imperative דַּבֵּר + weqatal וְאָמַרְתָּ) with the topic sentence governing the whole chapter: מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה, 'the LORD's appointed times,' equated with מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ, 'holy convocations.' Every festival law that follows unpacks this heading.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
דַּבֵּ֞רspeakPiel impv 2ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: direct commandדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel 'to speak'; imperative opening the speech Moses is to relay verbatim to Israel.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to'; introduces the addressees of Moses' speech.
בְּנֵ֤יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Object of preposition אֶל (head of construct chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct plural in the fixed idiom בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, 'the Israelites'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant people, here the addressees of the festival calendar.
וְאָמַרְתָּ֣and you shall saywaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the imperative chain)→ Weqatal: volitional continuation of the preceding imperativeאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the weqatal after an imperative carries on its force, introducing the actual content of Moses' speech to Israel.
אֲלֵהֶ֔םto themprep אֶל + 3mp suffix · אֶל (H413)Indirect object of וְאָמַרְתָּאֶל (H413) with 3mp suffix 'to them', resuming בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל as addressee.
מוֹעֲדֵ֣יthe appointed times ofN m pl constr · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Predicate nominative (head of construct chain, topic of the chapter)מוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time, fixed season', from יעד 'to appoint'; the chapter's key term — the sacred calendar YHWH fixes, distinct from ordinary time.
יְהוָ֔הof the LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive of the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068); the festivals belong to YHWH, not to Israel's own calendar custom.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative pronoun, resuming מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה as antecedent.
תִּקְרְא֥וּyou shall proclaimQal impf 2mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — the ongoing duty to proclaim each feast in its seasonקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, proclaim'; of formally announcing/convening the sacred assembly at its proper time.
אֹתָ֖ם[obj] themobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of תִּקְרְאוּאֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, resuming מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה as the object proclaimed.
מִקְרָאֵ֣יconvocations ofN m pl constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Object complement (head of construct chain)מִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation, summons', from קרא 'to call'; the phrase מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ, 'holy convocation', is the chapter's other key term alongside מוֹעֵד.
קֹ֑דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chain ('holy convocations')קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'; in the construct phrase it functions adjectivally, 'holy convocation'.
אֵ֥לֶּהthesedem pron c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Subject of the closing verbless clauseאֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'; resumes the preceding list in the closing summary formula that also closes vv. 4 and 37.
הֵ֖םthey (are)indep pron 3mp · הֵם (H1992)Resumptive pronoun/copula in the verbless clauseהֵם (H1992), 3mp independent pronoun functioning as copula: 'these ARE my appointed times'.
מוֹעֲדָֽיmy appointed timesN m pl constr + 1cs suffix · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Predicate nominativeמוֹעֵד (H4150) with 1cs suffix, 'my appointed times'; the closing predicate asserts divine ownership of the calendar just introduced.
3

שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֮ תֵּעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ מִקְרָא קֹ֔דֶשׁ כָּל מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ שַׁבָּ֥ת הִוא֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽם

Six days work shall be done, but on the seventh day is a sabbath of complete rest, a holy convocation; you shall do no work at all — it is a sabbath to the LORD in all your dwellings.

Elaboration: the weekly sabbath as paradigm appointed timeasyndeton
Before any annual festival is named, the weekly שַׁבָּת is set as the paradigm מוֹעֵד — the recurring, non-agricultural appointed time that frames all the others. Its formula (no work, holy convocation, 'to the LORD') supplies the template repeated with variations throughout the rest of the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
שֵׁ֣שֶׁתsix ofnum f constr · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Construct numeral heading the temporal phraseשֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'; construct form heading שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים, 'six days'.
יָמִים֮daysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive of the construct chain / adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; the six ordinary workdays contrasted with the seventh.
תֵּעָשֶׂ֣הshall be doneNiphal impf 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (passive, main clause)→ Yiqtol: durative/habitual — the ordinary rhythm of workdaysעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; Niphal passive 'be done', of labor performed during the six workdays.
מְלָאכָה֒workN f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Subject of תֵּעָשֶׂהמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation'; ordinary labor, permitted on the six weekdays.
וּבַיּ֣וֹםbut on the daywaw-conj + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted, contrastive)יוֹם (H3117) 'day', with article and prep, 'on the day'; the waw marks the turn from the six workdays to the seventh.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗יthe seventhart + ordinal m sg · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying יּוֹםשְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh', from שֶׁבַע 'seven'; marks the sabbath day within the week.
שַׁבַּ֤תa sabbath ofN c sg constr · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Predicate nominative (head of construct chain)שַׁבָּת (H7676) 'sabbath, rest', from שׁבת 'to cease'; here in construct with שַׁבָּתוֹן for emphasis.
שַׁבָּתוֹן֙complete restN m sg abs · שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677)Genitive completing the construct chain (intensifying)שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677), an intensive noun from the same root as שַׁבָּת; שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן 'a sabbath of complete rest' is the fullest cessation, also used of the Day of Atonement (v. 32) and the seventh year (25:4).
מִקְרָאa convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate nominative (head of construct chain, appositional)מִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation'; in apposition to שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן — the weekly sabbath is itself classed among the holy convocations.
קֹ֔דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chainקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'; מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ 'holy convocation' is the technical term for each appointed sacred day in this chapter.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head modifying מְלָאכָהכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; here in the phrase כָּל מְלָאכָה, 'any work at all'.
מְלָאכָ֖הworkN f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Direct object of תַעֲשׂוּמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work'; here unrestricted (contrast מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה in vv. 7–8, 'laborious work'), forbidding all labor absolutely on the weekly sabbath.
לֹ֣אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the verb תַעֲשׂוּלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle, here with the imperfect for prohibition.
תַעֲשׂ֑וּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (negated, main clause)→ Yiqtol used as prohibition: absolute, ongoing negative commandעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ is the fixed prohibitive formula recurring throughout the chapter for each appointed day.
שַׁבָּ֥תa sabbathN c sg abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Predicate nominative of the verbless clauseשַׁבָּת (H7676) 'sabbath'; predicate of the closing nominal clause identifying the seventh day.
הִוא֙it (is)indep pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Subject/copula of the verbless clauseהִיא (H1931), 3fs pronoun agreeing with feminine שַׁבָּת, serving as copula: 'it is a sabbath'.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of possession/dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, 'belonging to the LORD'; the sabbath is dedicated time, not merely a human custom.
בְּכֹ֖לin allprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Locative prepositional phrase (universal scope)כֹּל (H3605) 'all', with prep בְּ, extending the sabbath's obligation to every place Israel lives, not the sanctuary alone.
מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽםyour dwellingsN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · מוֹשָׁב (H4186)Genitive completing the construct chainמוֹשָׁב (H4186) 'dwelling, settlement', from ישׁב 'to dwell'; the recurring phrase בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם universalizes the sabbath law beyond the sanctuary.
4

אֵ֚לֶּה מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִקְרָאֵ֖י קֹ֑דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בְּמוֹעֲדָֽם

These are the appointed times of the LORD, holy convocations, which you shall proclaim at their appointed time.

Heading restated: transition to the itemized festival listasyndeton
Verse 4 restates the v. 2 heading almost verbatim, marking the formal start of the itemized calendar that follows (Passover through Booths); the singular בְּמוֹעֲדָם, 'in its appointed time', stresses that each festival has its own fixed date.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֵ֚לֶּהthesedem pron c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Subject of the verbless clause (resumptive heading)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'; opens the summary heading for the festival list proper, echoing v. 2's closing formula.
מוֹעֲדֵ֣יthe appointed times ofN m pl constr · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Predicate nominative (head of construct chain)מוֹעֵד (H4150); resumes the chapter's key term as the heading is restated before the itemized list of festivals begins.
יְהוָ֔הof the LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive of the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068).
מִקְרָאֵ֖יconvocations ofN m pl constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate nominative in apposition (head of construct chain)מִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation'; in apposition to מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה.
קֹ֑דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chainקֹדֶשׁ (H6944).
אֲשֶׁרwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834); resumes מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ as antecedent.
תִּקְרְא֥וּyou shall proclaimQal impf 2mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: the standing duty to proclaim each feast at its timeקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, proclaim'.
אֹתָ֖ם[obj] themobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of תִּקְרְאוּאֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, resuming the appointed times/convocations.
בְּמוֹעֲדָֽםin their seasonprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3mp suffix · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Temporal prepositional phraseמוֹעֵד (H4150) with 3mp suffix, 'in its appointed time'; each festival has its own fixed calendrical moment.
5

בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ בֵּ֣ין הָעַרְבָּ֑יִם פֶּ֖סַח לַיהוָֽה

In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at twilight, is the LORD's Passover.

First festival named: Passover, precisely datedasyndeton
The date formula (month, day, hour) opens the itemized calendar with Passover, fixed to twilight on the fourteenth of the first month; unlike the weekly sabbath, each subsequent festival will be anchored by this same numerical dating convention — day of the month, or a day-count from a prior festival.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁin the monthprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month, new moon'; opens the date formula fixing Passover to the first month (Abib/Nisan).
הָרִאשׁ֗וֹןthe firstart + ordinal m sg · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Attributive adjective modifying חֹדֶשׁרִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first', from רֹאשׁ 'head'; the first month of the religious calendar (cf. Exod 12:2).
בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥הon fourprep בְּ + num f · אַרְבָּעָה (H702)First element of the compound numeral 'fourteen' (temporal phrase)אַרְבָּעָה (H702) 'four'; combines with עָשָׂר, 'ten', for the compound numeral 'fourteen'.
עָשָׂ֛ר-teennum m · עָשָׂר (H6240)Second element of the compound numeral 'fourteen'עָשָׂר (H6240) 'ten' (in compound numerals); אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר = 'fourteen', the day Passover is slaughtered (cf. Exod 12:6).
לַחֹ֖דֶשׁof the monthprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Genitive-equivalent prepositional phrase completing the date formulaחֹדֶשׁ (H2320); לְ here is distributive, completing 'the fourteenth [day] of the month'.
בֵּ֣יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Prepositional phrase heading the idiom for twilightבֵּין (H996) 'between'; heads the idiom בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם, lit. 'between the two evenings' — twilight, the traditional Passover-lamb slaughter time.
הָעַרְבָּ֑יִםthe two eveningsart + N m dual abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition בֵּין (idiom)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening', dual form; בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם was understood variously as sunset-to-dark or afternoon-decline-to-sunset; later halakhah fixed it between the sun's decline and actual sunset.
פֶּ֖סַחthe PassoverN m sg abs · פֶּסַח (H6453)Subject of the implied verbless clause (heading the festival)פֶּסַח (H6453) 'Passover', from פסח 'to pass over/protect' (Exod 12:13); commemorates YHWH's sparing of Israel's firstborn in Egypt.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ; Passover, like the sabbath, is dedicated time belonging to YHWH.
6

וּבַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֔ה חַ֥ג הַמַּצּ֖וֹת לַיהוָ֑ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים מַצּ֥וֹת תֹּאכֵֽלוּ

And on the fifteenth day of this month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD; seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.

Second festival: Unleavened Bread, immediately following Passoverוּ
Unleavened Bread begins the day after Passover (15th vs. 14th) and runs seven days, effectively fusing the two into one festal complex; the chapter treats them as continuous even though Passover is a single-day rite and Unleavened Bread frames the following week.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וּבַחֲמִשָּׁ֨הand on fivewaw-conj + prep בְּ + num f · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)First element of compound numeral 'fifteen' (temporal phrase)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; combines with עָשָׂר for 'fifteen', the day Unleavened Bread begins, one day after Passover.
עָשָׂ֥ר-teennum m · עָשָׂר (H6240)Second element of the compound numeral 'fifteen'עָשָׂר (H6240); חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר = 'fifteen'.
יוֹם֙dayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Head noun of the date phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes the date formula 'the fifteenth day'.
לַחֹ֣דֶשׁof the monthprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Genitive-equivalent prepositional phraseחֹדֶשׁ (H2320); distributive לְ, 'of the month'.
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + dem pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying חֹדֶשׁזֶה (H2088) 'this'; specifies the same first month just named in v. 5.
חַ֥גthe feast ofN m sg constr · חַג (H2282)Subject of the implied verbless clause (head of construct chain)חַג (H2282) 'feast, festival pilgrimage', from חגג 'to celebrate/circle'; one of Israel's three pilgrimage feasts, with Weeks and Booths.
הַמַּצּ֖וֹתUnleavened Breadart + N f pl abs · מַצָּה (H4682)Genitive completing the construct chainמַצָּה (H4682) 'unleavened bread'; the seven-day feast immediately following Passover, commemorating the hurried exodus (Exod 12:39).
לַיהוָ֑הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ.
שִׁבְעַ֥תseven ofnum f constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct numeral heading the adverbial phraseשֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; construct heading שִׁבְעַת יָמִים, 'seven days', the standard duration formula recurring throughout the chapter.
יָמִ֖יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive completing the construct chain / adverbial accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; the seven-day duration of the feast.
מַצּ֥וֹתunleavened breadN f pl abs · מַצָּה (H4682)Direct object of תֹּאכֵלוּמַצָּה (H4682); bread made without leaven, eaten for the festival's whole duration (cf. Exod 12:15, 20).
תֹּאכֵֽלוּyou shall eatQal impf 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: standing obligation for the festival's durationאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the positive counterpart to the prohibition of leaven in the fuller Exodus legislation.
7

בַּיּוֹם֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן מִקְרָא קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ

On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do no laborious work.

Elaboration: the first day of Unleavened Bread specified as a holy convocationasyndeton
Verse 7 draws out the implication of v. 6's dating: the festival's opening day itself is a holy convocation like the weekly sabbath, but the prohibited category is narrower — מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, 'laborious/servile work,' rather than the unqualified מְלָאכָה of v. 3, a distinction later tradition read as permitting food preparation.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
בַּיּוֹם֙on the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted setting)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; opens the date-formula heading the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread introduced in v. 6.
הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹןthe firstart + ordinal m sg · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Attributive adjective modifying יּוֹםרִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first', from רֹאשׁ 'head'; specifies the 15th of Nisan, opening day of the seven-day feast begun in v. 6.
מִקְרָאa convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate nominative (head of construct chain)מִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation, sacred assembly', from קרא 'to call'; construct with קֹדֶשׁ, echoing the key term introduced in vv. 2-4.
קֹ֖דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chain ('holy convocation')קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'; completes מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ, the technical term for each appointed sacred day.
יִהְיֶ֣הthere shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, existential)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a standing legal requirementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; asserts the ongoing existence of the holy convocation as a fixed obligation for every future observance.
לָכֶ֑םfor youprep לְ + 2mp suffix · לְDative of reference/possessionלְ, the bound dative preposition with 2mp suffix, 'for/belonging to you'; marks the convocation as Israel's obligation to keep.
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head modifying מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָהכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, 'any laborious work whatsoever'.
מְלֶ֥אכֶתthe work ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Direct object of תַעֲשׂוּ (head of construct chain)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation'; in construct with עֲבֹדָה to name a specific category of labor (see next word).
עֲבֹדָ֖הof servile laborN f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive completing the construct chain ('laborious/servile work')עֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, labor', from עבד 'to work/serve'; מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה is narrower than the מְלָאכָה barred outright on the weekly sabbath (v. 3) — later tradition took this category to permit food preparation (cf. Exod 12:16).
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the verb תַעֲשׂוּלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle, here with the imperfect for prohibition.
תַעֲשֽׂוּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (negated, main clause)→ Yiqtol used as prohibition: standing negative commandעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ recurs as the fixed prohibitive formula for each appointed day throughout this chapter.
8

וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֛ה לַיהוָ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ מִקְרָא קֹ֔דֶשׁ כָּל מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ

And you shall present a fire offering to the LORD for seven days. On the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation; you shall do no laborious work.

Elaboration: the seven-day offering schedule, framed by matching holy convocationsוְ
Verse 8 fills out the seven-day span between the two holy convocations: daily fire-offerings run the whole week, and the closing (seventh) day receives the identical convocation/no-labor formula as the opening day of v. 7, forming an inclusio around the festival.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥םand you shall presentwaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 2mp · הִקְרִיב (H7126)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the command sequence)→ Weqatal: volitional continuation — a standing obligation for all seven festival daysקָרַב (H7126), Hiphil 'to bring near, present (an offering)'; governs the daily fire-offerings brought throughout the festival week.
אִשֶּׁ֛הa fire offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Direct object of וְהִקְרַבְתֶּםאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'offering made by fire', traditionally linked to אֵשׁ 'fire'; the generic term for the daily food/burnt offerings presented throughout the festival.
לַיהוָ֖הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ; the offerings are dedicated to YHWH, as with Passover (v. 5) and Unleavened Bread (v. 6).
שִׁבְעַ֣תseven ofnum f constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct numeral heading the adverbial phraseשֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; construct heading שִׁבְעַת יָמִים, echoing the duration formula of v. 6.
יָמִ֑יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive completing the construct chain / adverbial accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; the seven-day span through which the fire-offerings are brought.
בַּיּ֤וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted setting)יוֹם (H3117); opens a new date phrase marking the festival's closing day.
הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙the seventhart + ordinal m sg · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying יּוֹםשְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh', from שֶׁבַע 'seven'; marks the closing day of Unleavened Bread (21 Nisan), bracketing the festival week with a holy convocation like its opening day (v. 7).
מִקְרָאa convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate nominative (head of construct chain)מִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation'; construct with קֹדֶשׁ, repeating v. 7's formula for the festival's final day.
קֹ֔דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chain ('holy convocation')קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'; completes מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ.
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head modifying מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָהכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
מְלֶ֥אכֶתthe work ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Direct object of תַעֲשׂוּ (head of construct chain)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work'; in construct with עֲבֹדָה, repeating v. 7's narrower labor category.
עֲבֹדָ֖הof servile laborN f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive completing the construct chainעֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, labor'; מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה is forbidden again, bracketing the festival week's opening and closing days with the identical prohibition of v. 7.
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the verb תַעֲשׂוּלֹא (H3808), standard negative particle, here with the imperfect for prohibition.
תַעֲשֽׂוּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (negated, main clause)→ Yiqtol used as prohibition: standing negative commandעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; the fixed prohibitive formula now closes the festival week, matching v. 7's opening prohibition.
9

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

Speech-formula transition: launches the firstfruits (omer) legislationוַ
Repeats v. 1's opening formula verbatim, marking a fresh divine speech unit within the chapter; this one introduces the omer/firstfruits rite whose day-count anchors the later dating of the Feast of Weeks (vv. 15-16).
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokewaw-consec + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol, narrative main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel of דבר 'to speak'; the formula וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר recurs verbatim from v. 1 to launch the next unit of festival law — the firstfruits/omer regulation (vv. 9-14).
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּריְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God, the tetragrammaton.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the addressee of the divine speech.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶלמֹשֶׁה (H4872), the mediator of Sinai revelation; here the addressee of YHWH's speech.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival complement introducing direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: introduces the following quoted speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; opens the reported speech containing the firstfruits/omer law of vv. 10-14.
10

דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כִּֽי תָבֹ֣אוּ אֶל הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ נֹתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם וּקְצַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת קְצִירָ֑הּ וַהֲבֵאתֶ֥ם אֶת עֹ֛מֶר רֵאשִׁ֥ית קְצִירְכֶ֖ם אֶל הַכֹּהֵֽן

Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you come into the land that I am giving you and reap its harvest, you shall bring the sheaf of the first of your harvest to the priest.

New speech content: the firstfruits (omer) instruction, framed by future land-entryasyndeton
The imperative-weqatal chain (דַּבֵּר...וְאָמַרְתָּ) reopens the speech formula of v. 9, and the temporal כִּי-clause frames the whole omer rite as legislation that only takes effect once Israel possesses and farms the promised land — the wilderness speaker looking forward to Canaan.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
דַּבֵּ֞רspeakPiel impv 2ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: direct commandדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel 'to speak'; imperative reopening the speech formula (cf. v. 2), now introducing the firstfruits/omer instructions.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to'; introduces the addressees of Moses' speech.
בְּנֵ֤יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Object of preposition אֶל (head of construct chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct plural in the fixed idiom בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, 'the Israelites'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant people, addressees of the firstfruits law.
וְאָמַרְתָּ֣and you shall saywaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the imperative chain)→ Weqatal: volitional continuation of the preceding imperativeאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; continues the command, introducing the content of the speech to follow.
אֲלֵהֶ֔םto themprep אֶל + 3mp suffix · אֶל (H413)Indirect object of וְאָמַרְתָּאֶל (H413) with 3mp suffix 'to them', resuming בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל as addressee.
כִּֽיwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction introducing a temporal clauseכִּי (H3588), here temporal 'when'; introduces the anticipated scenario of conquest and settlement in the land.
תָבֹ֣אוּyou comeQal impf 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb of the כִּי-clause→ Yiqtol: future/contingent — the anticipated entry into the landבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; the future entrance into Canaan, presupposing the wilderness setting of the speech.
אֶלintoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase, goal of תָבֹאוּאֶל (H413) 'to, into'; marks the land as the goal reached.
הָאָ֗רֶץthe landart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Object of preposition אֶלאֶרֶץ (H776) 'earth, land'; here the promised land of Canaan.
אֲשֶׁ֤רwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834); resumes הָאָרֶץ as antecedent.
אֲנִי֙Iindep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject/emphatic resumption before the participle נֹתֵןאֲנִי (H589), independent 1cs pronoun, emphasizing YHWH as the personal giver of the land.
נֹתֵ֣ןam givingQal ptc m sg abs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate participle of the relative clause→ Participle: durative/ongoing — an abiding divine gift, not a one-time past actנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the participle frames the land-grant as YHWH's continuing gift, a standard formula in the land-promise tradition.
לָכֶ֔םto youprep לְ + 2mp suffix · לְIndirect object of נֹתֵןלְ with 2mp suffix, 'to you'; the beneficiaries of the land-gift, the addressed Israelites.
וּקְצַרְתֶּ֖םand you reapwaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · קָצַר (H7114)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the temporal clause)→ Weqatal: sequential future — the harvest that follows settlementקָצַר (H7114) 'to reap, harvest'; the agricultural act that will trigger the firstfruits obligation once Israel is settled and farming the land.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking קְצִירָהּ as a definite direct object.
קְצִירָ֑הּits harvestN m sg constr + 3fs suffix · קָצִיר (H7105)Direct object of וּקְצַרְתֶּםקָצִיר (H7105) 'harvest', from קצר 'to reap'; with 3fs suffix referring back to הָאָרֶץ, 'the land's harvest'.
וַהֲבֵאתֶ֥םand you shall bringwaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the sequence, main command)→ Weqatal: volitional continuation — the required act following the harvestבּוֹא (H935), Hiphil 'to bring, cause to come'; the culminating command of the sequence — presenting the first sheaf to the priest.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking עֹמֶר רֵאשִׁית קְצִירְכֶם as the definite direct object of וַהֲבֵאתֶם.
עֹ֛מֶרthe sheaf ofN m sg constr · עֹמֶר (H6016)Direct object of וַהֲבֵאתֶם (head of construct chain)עֹמֶר (H6016) 'sheaf, omer'; a bound bundle of new grain (and elsewhere a dry measure); here the representative first sheaf of the barley harvest.
רֵאשִׁ֥יתthe first ofN f sg constr · רֵאשִׁית (H7225)Genitive completing the first construct chain, heading a secondרֵאשִׁית (H7225) 'beginning, first, choicest', from רֹאשׁ 'head'; specifies the sheaf as the very first cutting of the new harvest, owed to God before any of it may be eaten (cf. v. 14).
קְצִירְכֶ֖םyour harvestN m sg constr + 2mp suffix · קָצִיר (H7105)Genitive completing the construct chainקָצִיר (H7105) 'harvest'; with 2mp suffix, 'your harvest' — Israel's own crop, now belonging collectively to the nation as landowner.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase, goal of וַהֲבֵאתֶםאֶל (H413) 'to'; marks the priest as the recipient of the sheaf.
הַכֹּהֵֽןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Object of preposition אֶלכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; the Aaronic priest who receives, then waves, the sheaf (v. 11).
11

וְהֵנִ֧יף אֶת הָעֹ֛מֶר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֑ם מִֽמָּחֳרַת֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת יְנִיפֶ֖נּוּ הַכֹּהֵֽן

And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, for your acceptance; on the day after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.

Elaboration: the priestly wave-rite, dated by the disputed 'day after the sabbath'וְ
The verse both prescribes the wave-offering and dates it by a phrase — מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת — that became one of the most contested cruxes in Second Temple calendrical debate. If 'the sabbath' is the weekly sabbath, the omer (and the fifty-day count of v. 15 to Pentecost) always falls on a Sunday, the position later associated with the Pharisees/rabbis; if it is the festival's own rest day (15 Nisan), the omer is fixed to 16 Nisan regardless of weekday, the position associated with the Sadducees/Boethusians and the Samaritans. The chapter itself does not resolve the ambiguity; it simply reuses the same phrase again in v. 15 for the count's starting point.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְהֵנִ֧יףand he shall wavewaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 3ms · הֵנִיף (H5130)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the command sequence)→ Weqatal: volitional continuation — the priest's required ritual actנוּף (H5130), Hiphil 'to wave, brandish'; the technical term for the wave-offering rite (תְּנוּפָה), a presentation gesture toward the altar/sanctuary signifying the offering's transfer to God.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking הָעֹמֶר as the definite direct object of וְהֵנִיף.
הָעֹ֛מֶרthe sheafart + N m sg abs · עֹמֶר (H6016)Direct object of וְהֵנִיףעֹמֶר (H6016); resumes the sheaf just brought by the priest in v. 10, now the object of the wave-rite.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep לְ + N m pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; לִפְנֵי, lit. 'to the face of', the standard idiom for ritual presence 'before' YHWH at the sanctuary.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition לִפְנֵייְהוָה (H3068); the wave-rite is performed in the divine presence, at the altar or sanctuary.
לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֑םfor your acceptanceprep לְ + N m sg constr + 2mp suffix · רָצוֹן (H7522)Purpose/result prepositional phraseרָצוֹן (H7522) 'favor, acceptance', from רצה 'to be pleased with'; the wave-rite secures divine acceptance of Israel's whole harvest, of which the sheaf is the representative first portion.
מִֽמָּחֳרַת֙on the day afterprep מִן + N f sg constr · מָחֳרָת (H4283)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted, dating the rite)מָחֳרָת (H4283) 'the next day, morrow'; מִמָּחֳרַת + genitive is the standard idiom 'on the day after X'. This phrase's referent for 'the sabbath' is the famous interpretive crux of the verse (see next word).
הַשַּׁבָּ֔תthe sabbathart + N c sg abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Genitive completing the temporal phrase מִמָּחֳרַתשַׁבָּת (H7676) 'sabbath, rest'. The interpretive crux of the verse: does 'the sabbath' mean the weekly (Saturday) sabbath falling during Unleavened Bread week — so the wave-day, and the fifty-day count to Pentecost (v. 16), always lands on a Sunday (the later Pharisaic/rabbinic reading) — or does it mean the festival day itself, 15 Nisan treated as a 'sabbath' of cessation from מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה (v. 7) — so the wave-day is fixed to 16 Nisan regardless of the weekday (the Sadducean/Boethusian and Samaritan reading)? Both readings exploit שַׁבָּת's dual use in this chapter (the ordinary weekly sabbath of v. 3 alongside festal usages like שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן for the Day of Atonement in v. 32), and the dispute later structures rival calendars for dating Shavuot.
יְנִיפֶ֖נּוּhe shall wave itHiphil impf 3ms + 3ms suffix · הֵנִיף (H5130)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the priest's standing ritual dutyנוּף (H5130), Hiphil, with 3ms suffix resuming הָעֹמֶר; restates the wave-rite already named at the verse's opening, now explicitly naming its subject.
הַכֹּהֵֽןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of יְנִיפֶנּוּכֹּהֵן (H3548); explicitly names the priest, not the individual offerer, as the one who performs the wave-rite.
12

וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֕ם בְּי֥וֹם הֲנִֽיפְכֶ֖ם אֶת הָעֹ֑מֶר כֶּ֣בֶשׂ תָּמִ֧ים בֶּן שְׁנָת֛וֹ לְעֹלָ֖ה לַיהוָֽה

And on the day you wave the sheaf, you shall offer an unblemished year-old lamb as a burnt offering to the LORD.

Elaboration: the animal offering accompanying the wave-riteוְ
The lamb burnt offering is pinned to the same day as the wave-rite of v. 11, pairing the grain-token (the sheaf) with an animal sacrifice; vv. 13 adds the grain and drink offerings that complete the full tamid-style offering set.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֕םand you shall offerwaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the command sequence)→ Weqatal: volitional continuation — the accompanying offering required alongside the wave-riteעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; here in its cultic sense 'to offer, sacrifice', introducing the animal offering that accompanies the omer presentation.
בְּי֥וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + N m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase heading the construct chainיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; construct heading בְּיוֹם הֲנִיפְכֶם, 'on the day of your waving [it]'.
הֲנִֽיפְכֶ֖םyour wavingHiphil inf constr + 2mp suffix · הֵנִיף (H5130)Infinitive construct completing the temporal construct chain→ Infinitive construct: names the triggering ritual eventנוּף (H5130), Hiphil infinitive construct with 2mp suffix, 'your waving [it]'; times the lamb offering precisely to the day of the omer wave-rite in v. 11.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking הָעֹמֶר as the object of the infinitive הֲנִיפְכֶם.
הָעֹ֑מֶרthe sheafart + N m sg abs · עֹמֶר (H6016)Direct object of the infinitive הֲנִיפְכֶםעֹמֶר (H6016); resumes the sheaf of vv. 10-11.
כֶּ֣בֶשׂa lambN m sg abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Direct object of וַעֲשִׂיתֶםכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb, young ram'; the animal offering accompanying the omer, further specified by the following words.
תָּמִ֧יםunblemishedAdj m sg abs · תָּמִים (H8549)Attributive adjective modifying כֶּבֶשׂתָּמִים (H8549) 'complete, without blemish', from תמם 'to be complete'; the standard qualification for a sacrificial animal (cf. Lev 22:19-21).
בֶּןa son ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct head modifying כֶּבֶשׂ (age idiom)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; idiomatic construct heading an age-phrase, lit. 'son of its year' = 'a year old'.
שְׁנָת֛וֹits yearN f sg constr + 3ms suffix · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the age-idiom construct chainשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; with 3ms suffix, בֶּן שְׁנָתוֹ 'a year old' — a yearling lamb, the standard age for the tamid and festival offerings (cf. Exod 29:38).
לְעֹלָ֖הas a burnt offeringprep לְ + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Predicate complement specifying the offering's categoryעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering', from עלה 'to go up' (in smoke); a wholly consumed offering, here accompanying the omer as a token of the whole harvest's dedication.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ; the burnt offering, like the sheaf itself, is dedicated to YHWH.
13

וּמִנְחָתוֹ֩ שְׁנֵ֨י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים סֹ֣לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֛מֶן אִשֶּׁ֥ה לַיהוָ֖ה רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֑חַ וְנִסְכֹּ֥ה יַ֖יִן רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין

And its grain offering shall be two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, a fire offering to the LORD, a pleasing aroma; and its drink offering shall be a quarter of a hin of wine.

Continuation — accompanying grain and drink offeringsוְ
Casus-pendens constructions (מִנְחָתוֹ, נִסְכֹּה fronted) itemize the cereal and libation offerings that round out the firstfruits sacrifice package.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וּמִנְחָתוֹ֩and its grain offeringwaw-conj + N f sg constr + 3ms suffix · מִנְחָה (H4503)Subject of the implied verbless clause (fronted topic)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain offering, gift, tribute'; with 3ms suffix referring back to the lamb offering of v. 12 — 'its accompanying grain offering'.
שְׁנֵ֨יtwo ofnum m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct numeral heading the quantity phraseשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; construct heading שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים, 'two-tenths [of an ephah]'.
עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜יםtenthsN m pl abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Genitive completing the construct chain (measure)עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'a tenth [of an ephah]', a standard dry-measure unit for grain offerings; two-tenths is double the amount of the ordinary daily grain offering (cf. Num 28:5, 9).
סֹ֣לֶתfine flourN f sg abs · סֹלֶת (H5560)Predicate nominative in apposition (specifying the grain offering's substance)סֹלֶת (H5560) 'fine flour, semolina'; the standard base ingredient for grain offerings, of superior milled quality.
בְּלוּלָ֥הmixedQal pass ptc f sg abs · בָּלַל (H1101)Attributive participle modifying סֹלֶת→ Passive participle: describes the flour's prepared stateבָּלַל (H1101) 'to mix, mingle'; passive participle describing the flour as mixed with oil, the standard preparation for grain offerings (cf. Lev 2:4-5).
בַשֶּׁ֛מֶןwith oilprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Prepositional phrase, instrument/means of בְּלוּלָהשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil'; olive oil mixed into the flour, symbolizing richness and consecration.
אִשֶּׁ֥הa fire offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Predicate nominative in apposition (classifying the grain offering)אִשֶּׁה (H801) 'offering made by fire'; classifies the grain offering, like the lamb of v. 12, among the fire offerings burned on the altar.
לַיהוָ֖הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ.
רֵ֣יחַan aroma ofN m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Predicate nominative in apposition (head of construct chain)רֵיחַ (H7381) 'scent, aroma'; construct heading רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ, the fixed cultic formula for an offering's pleasing effect.
נִיחֹ֑חַpleasing, soothingN m sg abs · נִיחוֹחַ (H5207)Genitive complement of רֵיחַנִיחוֹחַ (H5207) 'soothing, restful', from נוח 'to rest'; רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ = a 'pleasing aroma' formula for accepted offerings.
וְנִסְכֹּ֥הand its drink offeringwaw-conj + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Casus pendens / subject (resumed implicitly)נֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'drink offering, libation', from נסך 'to pour out'; poured wine accompanying the sacrifice.
יַ֖יִןwineN m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Apposition specifying the libation's materialיַיִן (H3196) 'wine'; the material of the drink offering.
רְבִיעִ֥תa fourth ofordinal f sg constr · רְבִיעִי (H7243)Construct governing הַהִין (quantity)רְבִיעִי (H7243) 'fourth'; here a fraction, 'a quarter of'.
הַהִֽיןthe hinart + N m sg abs · הִין (H1969)Genitive complement of רְבִיעִית (measure)הִין (H1969), a liquid measure (roughly 3.7 liters); a loanword, possibly Egyptian.
14

וְלֶחֶם֩ וְקָלִ֨י וְכַרְמֶ֜ל לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֗וּ עַד עֶ֨צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה עַ֚ד הֲבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔ם אֶת קָרְבַּ֖ן אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל מֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם

You shall eat no bread, no roasted grain, and no fresh grain, until this very day, until you have brought the offering of your God; it is a perpetual statute throughout your generations, in all your dwellings.

Prohibition closing the firstfruits unitוְ
A negative stipulation (fronted objects + לֹא + yiqtol) forbids eating new grain until the firstfruits are presented, then the חֻקַּת עוֹלָם formula seals the unit as permanently binding.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְלֶחֶם֩and breadwaw-conj + N c sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Direct object of תֹאכְלוּ (fronted for emphasis)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread, food'; first of the three fronted forbidden items.
וְקָלִ֨יor roasted grainwaw-conj + N m sg abs · קָלִי (H7039)Coordinate direct objectקָלִי (H7039) 'roasted grain', parched heads of new grain — a common early-harvest food.
וְכַרְמֶ֜לor fresh grainwaw-conj + N m sg abs · כַּרְמֶל (H3759)Coordinate direct objectכַּרְמֶל (H3759) 'fresh (undried) grain, garden-produce'; new grain still moist, not roasted.
לֹ֣אnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates תֹאכְלוּ
תֹֽאכְל֗וּyou shall eatQal impf 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (prohibition)→ Yiqtol: modal prohibition — durative, forbidden until a stated pointאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; prohibits consuming any of the new harvest before the firstfruits are presented.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase of time (terminus)עַד (H5704) 'until, as far as'; marks the temporal limit of the prohibition.
עֶ֨צֶם֙the very substance ofN f sg constr · עֶצֶם (H6106)Construct intensifying הַיּוֹם (idiom)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'bone, substance, self'; idiomatically 'the very same day', emphasizing precision.
הַיּ֣וֹםdayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive complement of עֶצֶםיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + demonstrative pron ms · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַיּוֹםזֶה (H2088) 'this'; refers back to the day of the firstfruits offering, vv.11-12.
עַ֚דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase of time, restates/clarifies the limit
הֲבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔םyour bringingHiphil inf constr + 2mp suffix · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitival complement governed by עַד (temporal)→ Infinitive construct: verbal noun marking the terminating eventבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring'; restates the offering-event of vv.10-11 as the terminus of the fast.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
קָרְבַּ֖ןthe offering ofN m sg constr · קָרְבָּן (H7133)Direct object of הֲבִיאֲכֶם, constructקָרְבָּן (H7133) 'offering, that which is brought near', from קרב 'to draw near'; general term for a sacrificial gift.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑םyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Genitive complement of קָרְבַּןאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; plural of majesty with 2mp suffix, 'your God'.
חֻקַּ֤תa statute ofN c sg constr · חֻקָּה (H2708)Predicate nominative (apposition to the whole command)חֻקָּה (H2708) 'statute, prescribed portion', from חקק 'to inscribe, decree'; a fixed, binding ordinance.
עוֹלָם֙perpetual, everlastingN m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Genitive complement of חֻקַּתעוֹלָם (H5769) 'long duration, perpetuity'; חֻקַּת עוֹלָם = a statute binding for all generations.
לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔םthroughout your generationsprep לְ + N m pl constr + 2mp suffix · דּוֹר (H1755)Prepositional phrase of distribution/durationדּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'; standard formula extending the statute into the future.
בְּכֹ֖לin allprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase governing מֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶםכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
מֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽםyour dwellingsN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · מוֹשָׁב (H4186)Genitive complement of כֹּלמוֹשָׁב (H4186) 'dwelling place, settlement', from ישׁב 'to sit/dwell'; universalizes the statute to every locale of habitation.
15

וּסְפַרְתֶּ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִמָּחֳרַ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת מִיּוֹם֙ הֲבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔ם אֶת עֹ֖מֶר הַתְּנוּפָ֑ה שֶׁ֥בַע שַׁבָּת֖וֹת תְּמִימֹ֥ת תִּהְיֶֽינָה

And you shall count for yourselves, from the day after the sabbath, from the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, seven full weeks; they shall be complete.

Continuation — instituting the count to Weeksוְ
Opens the count-to-Pentecost stipulation, anchoring it to the same reckoning point (מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת) used for the firstfruits offering in v.11.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וּסְפַרְתֶּ֤םand you shall countwaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (weqatal, new stipulation)→ Weqatal: sequential instruction continuing the legislative chainסָפַר (H5608) Qal 'to count, number'; begins the counting of the Omer toward Weeks/Pentecost.
לָכֶם֙for yourselvesprep לְ + 2mp suffix · לְDative of interest (reflexive/ethical dative)לְ + 2mp suffix; benefactive/reflexive nuance, 'for your own reckoning'.
מִמָּחֳרַ֣תfrom the day afterprep מִן + N f sg constr · מָחֳרָת (H4283)Temporal prepositional phrase (starting point)מָחֳרָת (H4283) 'the next day, morrow'; marks the starting point of the count, as in v.11.
הַשַּׁבָּ֔תthe sabbathart + N c sg abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Genitive complement of מִמָּחֳרַתשַׁבָּת (H7676) 'sabbath, rest'; here likely the rest-day of Unleavened Bread (cf. v.11), the reckoning point.
מִיּוֹם֙from the dayprep מִן + N m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase, restates/clarifies starting pointיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; resumptive apposition to מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת.
הֲבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔םyou broughtHiphil inf constr + 2mp suffix · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitival complement, genitive after יוֹם→ Infinitive construct: verbal noun marking the reference eventבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring'; the bringing of the omer sheaf, the count's anchor event.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
עֹ֖מֶרthe sheaf ofN m sg constr · עֹמֶר (H6016)Direct object of הֲבִיאֲכֶם, constructעֹמֶר (H6016) 'omer, sheaf'; the firstfruits sheaf of vv.10-11.
הַתְּנוּפָ֑הthe wave offeringart + N f sg abs · תְּנוּפָה (H8573)Genitive complement of עֹמֶרתְּנוּפָה (H8573) 'wave offering', from נוף 'to wave'; qualifies the sheaf as the one ritually elevated.
שֶׁ֥בַעsevennumeral card f sg abs · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral modifying שַׁבָּתוֹתשֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; counts full weeks to Pentecost.
שַׁבָּת֖וֹתweeksN c pl abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Subject of תִּהְיֶינָהשַׁבָּת (H7676) here in the sense 'week' (a sabbath-unit), not a single rest day — seven full weeks.
תְּמִימֹ֥תcompleteadj f pl abs · תָּמִים (H8549)Attributive adjective modifying שַׁבָּתוֹתתָּמִים (H8549) 'whole, complete'; specifies full inclusive weeks, not partial.
תִּהְיֶֽינָהthey shall beQal impf 3fp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive future — the required durationהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; here prescriptive, stating the required count.
16

עַ֣ד מִֽמָּחֳרַ֤ת הַשַּׁבָּת֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ת תִּסְפְּר֖וּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים י֑וֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֛ם מִנְחָ֥ה חֲדָשָׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה

You shall count fifty days until the day after the seventh sabbath, and you shall bring a new grain offering to the LORD.

Elaboration: completing the fifty-day count begun in v. 15asyndeton
Verse 16 finishes the count opened in v. 15, fixing the fiftieth day as the date of the Feast of Weeks; the offering it commands, מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה, marks the wheat harvest's firstfruits, complementing the barley firstfruits of vv. 10-14.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
עַ֣דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase, terminus of the countעַד (H5704) 'until, as far as'; combines with the following מִן to express an inclusive terminus — count up to and including the fiftieth day.
מִֽמָּחֳרַ֤תthe day afterprep מִן + N f sg constr · מָחֳרָת (H4283)Object of עַד (temporal starting point, head of construct chain)מָחֳרָת (H4283) 'next day, morrow', from אחר 'after'; with מִן, 'from the day after' — resumes the count-start of v. 15's מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת.
הַשַּׁבָּת֙the sabbathart + N c sg abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Genitive completing the construct chainשַׁבָּת (H7676); here (as in v. 15) the festival rest-day, not the ordinary weekly sabbath.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔תthe seventhart + ordinal f sg · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying הַשַּׁבָּתשְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh', feminine agreeing with שַׁבָּת; marks the completion of the seven-week count begun in v. 15.
תִּסְפְּר֖וּyou shall countQal impf 2mp · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: standing obligation, the ongoing counting of daysסָפַר (H5608) 'to count, number'; resumes the omer-count verb from v. 15, now stating its total — fifty days.
חֲמִשִּׁ֣יםfiftynum c pl · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Direct object of תִּסְפְּרוּ (numeral modifying יוֹם)חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572) 'fifty'; the total count from the day after Firstfruits, source of the festival's later name Pentecost (πεντηκοστή, 'fiftieth').
י֑וֹםdaysN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Appositive completing the numeral phrase (distributive singular)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; singular after a numeral is idiomatic Hebrew for counted units.
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֛םand you shall bring nearwaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 2mp · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the obligation chain)→ Weqatal: sequential obligation following the count — the commanded offeringקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil 'to bring near, present (an offering)'; the standard technical verb for presenting a sacrifice, recurring at vv. 8, 18, 25, 27, 36-37.
מִנְחָ֥הa grain offeringN f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Direct object of וְהִקְרַבְתֶּםמִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain offering, tribute'; here the wheat offering marking the firstfruits of the wheat harvest at the Feast of Weeks.
חֲדָשָׁ֖הnewadj f sg abs · חָדָשׁ (H2319)Attributive adjective modifying מִנְחָהחָדָשׁ (H2319) 'new'; from the new wheat crop, distinguishing this offering as firstfruits of the fresh harvest (cf. Num 28:26).
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ; the grain offering, like the other appointed gifts, is dedicated to YHWH.
17

מִמּוֹשְׁבֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜ם תָּבִ֣יאּוּ לֶ֣חֶם תְּנוּפָ֗ה שְׁ֚תַּיִם שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים סֹ֣לֶת תִּהְיֶ֔ינָה חָמֵ֖ץ תֵּאָפֶ֑ינָה בִּכּוּרִ֖ים לַֽיהוָֽה

From your dwellings you shall bring two loaves of bread as a wave offering, made of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour; they shall be baked with leaven, as firstfruits to the LORD.

Elaboration: the wave-offering bread of the Feast of Weeksasyndeton
The command specifies baked, leavened loaves — the one grain offering in the Torah explicitly permitted (indeed required) to contain leaven, because it is waved before the LORD rather than burned on the altar; this marks the Feast of Weeks' offering as distinct in kind from the unleavened regime of Passover/Unleavened Bread just prior.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
מִמּוֹשְׁבֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜םfrom your dwellingsprep מִן + N f pl constr + 2mp suffix · מוֹשָׁב (H4186)Source prepositional phrase (fronted)מוֹשָׁב (H4186) 'dwelling place'; unlike the barley sheaf of vv. 10-14 (brought from the field), these loaves originate from the people's own homes, baked bread rather than raw grain.
תָּבִ֣יאּוּyou shall bringHiphil impf 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: standing obligation/commandבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring, cause to come'; the verb governing the offering of the two loaves.
לֶ֣חֶםbread ofN c sg constr · לֶחֶם (H3899)Direct object of תָּבִיאּוּ (head of construct chain)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'; construct heading לֶחֶם תְּנוּפָה, 'bread of waving' — baked loaves, not raw grain, distinguishing this offering from the omer sheaf.
תְּנוּפָ֗הwave offeringN f sg abs · תְּנוּפָה (H8573)Genitive completing the construct chainתְּנוּפָה (H8573) 'wave offering', from נוף 'to wave, swing'; a ritual gesture of presentation before YHWH, here applied to the two loaves (cf. v. 20).
שְׁ֚תַּיִםtwonum f abs · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral in apposition to לֶחֶם (specifying quantity)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147) 'two' (feminine form); specifies the loaves counted.
שְׁנֵ֣יtwo ofnum m constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct numeral heading the quantity of flourשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two', construct heading שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים, 'two-tenths [of an ephah]', the flour measure for the loaves.
עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔יםtenths (of an ephah)N m pl abs · עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241)Genitive completing the construct chain (measure of flour)עִשָּׂרוֹן (H6241) 'a tenth (of an ephah)', a standard dry measure; שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים sets the size of each loaf.
סֹ֣לֶתfine flourN f sg abs · סֹלֶת (H5560)Subject of תִּהְיֶינָהסֹלֶת (H5560) 'fine flour, semolina'; the choice grade of flour required, as for other grain offerings.
תִּהְיֶ֔ינָהthey shall beQal impf 3fp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, agreeing with the two loaves)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the required composition of the loavesהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; 3fp agrees with the two (feminine) loaves, specifying they consist of fine flour.
חָמֵ֖ץleavenedN m sg abs (adverbial) · חָמֵץ (H2557)Adverbial accusative describing the manner of baking, complement of תֵּאָפֶינָהחָמֵץ (H2557) 'leaven, that which is leavened'; strikingly these loaves ARE to contain leaven — unlike every grain offering on the altar (Lev 2:11) and unlike Passover/Unleavened Bread — because they are waved, not burned.
תֵּאָפֶ֑ינָהthey shall be bakedNiphal impf 3fp · אָפָה (H644)Predicate verb (passive, main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive passive — the required method of preparationאָפָה (H644) Niphal 'be baked'; the loaves are baked, and explicitly with leaven per the preceding חָמֵץ.
בִּכּוּרִ֖יםfirstfruitsN c pl abs · בִּכּוּרִים (H1061)Predicate nominative / apposition, identifying the loaves' characterבִּכּוּרִים (H1061) 'firstfruits', from בכר 'to be first-born'; the loaves are classed as firstfruits of the wheat harvest offered to YHWH.
לַֽיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ; the loaves, like the other festival offerings, belong to YHWH.
18

וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֣ם עַל הַלֶּ֗חֶם שִׁבְעַ֨ת כְּבָשִׂ֤ים תְּמִימִם֙ בְּנֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה וּפַ֧ר בֶּן בָּקָ֛ר אֶחָ֖ד וְאֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם יִהְי֤וּ עֹלָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וּמִנְחָתָם֙ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֔ם אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה

And besides the bread you shall present seven unblemished year-old lambs, one young bull, and two rams; they shall be a burnt offering to the LORD, with their grain offering and their drink offerings, a fire offering of pleasing aroma to the LORD.

Elaboration: the animal offerings accompanying the wave-breadasyndeton
Verse 18 attaches a full burnt-offering complex — seven lambs, a bull, two rams, with their cereal and libation accompaniments — to the two loaves of v. 17, giving the Feast of Weeks a sacrificial scale comparable to the other festivals despite lacking its own multi-day duration.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֣םand you shall presentwaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 2mp · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the obligation chain)→ Weqatal: sequential obligation — additional offerings besides the breadקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil 'to bring near, present'; introduces the animal offerings that accompany the two loaves.
עַלwith, besidesprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase marking accompanimentעַל (H5921) 'upon, in addition to'; here 'along with, besides' the bread — the animal offerings are presented in addition to the two loaves.
הַלֶּ֗חֶםthe breadart + N c sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Object of preposition עַללֶחֶם (H3899); resumes the two loaves of v. 17.
שִׁבְעַ֨תseven ofnum f constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct numeral heading the list of sacrificial animalsשֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; construct heading שִׁבְעַת כְּבָשִׂים, 'seven lambs' — the standard lamb-count for festival burnt offerings across the chapter.
כְּבָשִׂ֤יםlambsN m pl abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Genitive completing the construct chain; direct object of וְהִקְרַבְתֶּםכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'; the standard burnt-offering animal for festival days throughout the chapter.
תְּמִימִם֙unblemishedadj m pl abs · תָּמִים (H8549)Attributive adjective modifying כְּבָשִׂיםתָּמִים (H8549) 'complete, unblemished'; the standard qualification for sacrificial animals (cf. Lev 22:19-24).
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct head of the age-idiom, in apposition to כְּבָשִׂיםבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct heading the age idiom בְּנֵי שָׁנָה, 'yearling(s)'.
שָׁנָ֔הa yearN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the construct chain (age idiom)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; בְּנֵי שָׁנָה, lit. 'sons of a year' = 'year-old, yearling'.
וּפַ֧רand a bullwaw-conj + N m sg abs · פַּר (H6499)Coordinate direct object of וְהִקְרַבְתֶּםפַּר (H6499) 'young bull'; added to the seven lambs, echoing the fuller burnt-offering lists of Numbers 28-29.
בֶּןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct head of the descriptive phrase modifying פַּרבֵּן (H1121); construct heading בֶּן בָּקָר, 'a bull of the herd', i.e. a young bull.
בָּקָ֛רthe herdN c sg abs · בָּקָר (H1241)Genitive completing the construct chainבָּקָר (H1241) 'cattle, herd'; בֶּן בָּקָר specifies a young bull from the herd.
אֶחָ֖דonenum m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Numeral in apposition to פַּראֶחָד (H259) 'one'; specifies a single bull, matching the smaller festival lists (contrast the larger totals of Num 28:27).
וְאֵילִ֣םand ramswaw-conj + N m pl abs · אַיִל (H352)Coordinate direct object of וְהִקְרַבְתֶּםאַיִל (H352) 'ram'; the third animal category, completing the burnt-offering triad of lambs, bull, and rams.
שְׁנָ֑יִםtwonum m abs · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral in apposition to אֵילִםשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; specifies two rams.
יִהְי֤וּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, summarizing the animals just listed)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — classifying the preceding animalsהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; classifies the seven lambs, bull, and two rams collectively as עֹלָה, a burnt offering.
עֹלָה֙a burnt offeringN f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Predicate nominativeעֹלָה (H5930) 'ascending offering, holocaust', from עלה 'to go up'; wholly consumed on the altar, the base sacrifice of most festival days.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ.
וּמִנְחָתָם֙and their grain offeringwaw-conj + N f sg constr + 3mp suffix · מִנְחָה (H4503)Coordinate item continuing the offering listמִנְחָה (H4503) with 3mp suffix, 'their grain offering'; the accompanying cereal offering required with each burnt-offering animal (cf. Num 28:9-31).
וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֔םand their drink offeringswaw-conj + N m pl constr + 3mp suffix · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Coordinate item continuing the offering listנֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'libation, drink offering', from נסך 'to pour out'; wine poured out alongside the grain offering, completing the accompaniment to each animal.
אִשֵּׁ֥הa fire offering ofN c sg constr · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Predicate nominative (head of construct chain, summarizing the whole complex)אִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire offering', from אֵשׁ 'fire'; a general term for offerings consumed by fire on the altar.
רֵֽיחַan aroma ofN m sg constr · רֵיחַ (H7381)Genitive completing the construct chain (head of further construct)רֵיחַ (H7381) 'scent, aroma'; construct heading רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ, the fixed cultic idiom for an offering's acceptable fragrance.
נִיחֹ֖חַpleasing, soothingadj m sg abs · נִיחוֹחַ (H5207)Genitive completing the construct chainנִיחוֹחַ (H5207) 'soothing, pleasing', from נוח 'to rest, be quiet'; רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ, 'a pleasing aroma', is the standard formula marking an offering as favorably accepted by YHWH.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ; closes the verse restating that the whole offering complex belongs to YHWH.
19

וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם שְׂעִיר עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּ֑את וּשְׁנֵ֧י כְבָשִׂ֛ים בְּנֵ֥י שָׁנָ֖ה לְזֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִֽים

And you shall offer one male goat as a sin offering, and two year-old lambs as a sacrifice of peace offerings.

Elaboration: sin offering and peace offering completing the day's sacrificesasyndeton
The single goat (חַטָּאת) addresses inadvertent guilt clinging to the community, while the two lambs (זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים) provide a shared festive meal; together with the burnt offering of v. 18 they complete the full range of Israel's sacrificial categories for this appointed day.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֛םand you shall offerwaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the obligation chain)→ Weqatal: sequential obligation — further offerings besides the burnt offeringעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; here 'to offer, prepare (a sacrifice)', introducing the sin offering and peace offering that complete the day's sacrificial complex.
שְׂעִירa goat ofN m sg constr · שָׂעִיר (H8163)Direct object of וַעֲשִׂיתֶם (head of construct chain)שָׂעִיר (H8163) 'he-goat'; construct heading שְׂעִיר עִזִּים, 'a goat of the goats', i.e. 'a male goat'.
עִזִּ֥יםgoatsN f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Genitive completing the construct chainעֵז (H5795) 'goat'; שְׂעִיר עִזִּים is the standard idiom for a male goat used as a sin offering.
אֶחָ֖דonenum m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Numeral in apposition to שְׂעִיראֶחָד (H259) 'one'; specifies a single goat.
לְחַטָּ֑אתfor a sin offeringprep לְ + N f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Purpose/result prepositional phraseחַטָּאת (H2403) 'sin offering, purification offering', from חטא 'to sin, miss the mark'; addresses inadvertent impurity accompanying the festival, distinct from the burnt offering's dedication.
וּשְׁנֵ֧יand two ofwaw-conj + num m constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct numeral heading a second direct object of וַעֲשִׂיתֶםשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; construct heading שְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים, 'two lambs', for the peace offering.
כְבָשִׂ֛יםlambsN m pl abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Genitive completing the construct chainכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb'; two lambs designated for the shared/festive peace offering.
בְּנֵ֥יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct head of the age idiom, in apposition to כְבָשִׂיםבֵּן (H1121); heading the age idiom בְּנֵי שָׁנָה, 'yearling'.
שָׁנָ֖הa yearN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the construct chain (age idiom)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; בְּנֵי שָׁנָה 'year-old'.
לְזֶ֥בַחfor a sacrifice ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · זֶבַח (H2077)Purpose/result prepositional phrase (head of construct chain)זֶבַח (H2077) 'sacrifice', from זבח 'to slaughter'; construct heading זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים, the technical term for the peace/fellowship offering.
שְׁלָמִֽיםpeace offeringsN m pl abs · שֶׁלֶם (H8002)Genitive completing the construct chainשֶׁלֶם (H8002) 'peace/fellowship offering', from שלם 'to be whole, at peace'; a communal sacrifice shared in a festive meal, unlike the wholly-burnt עֹלָה.
20

וְהֵנִ֣יף הַכֹּהֵ֣ן אֹתָ֡ם עַל֩ לֶ֨חֶם הַבִּכּוּרִ֤ים תְּנוּפָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עַל שְׁנֵ֖י כְּבָשִׂ֑ים קֹ֛דֶשׁ יִהְי֥וּ לַיהוָ֖ה לַכֹּהֵֽן

And the priest shall wave them, together with the bread of the firstfruits, as a wave offering before the LORD, together with the two lambs; they shall be holy to the LORD, for the priest.

Elaboration: the priestly wave-rite completing the presentationוְ
The priest, not the offerer, performs the actual waving, joining the two peace-offering lambs to the bread of firstfruits in a single presentation before YHWH; the resulting holy status transfers the items from the offerer's possession first to YHWH and then, by the standard wave-offering rule, to the officiating priest's portion.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְהֵנִ֣יףand shall wavewaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 3ms · נוּף (H5130)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause)→ Weqatal: sequential ritual act following the offerings just listedנוּף (H5130) Hiphil 'to wave, wield'; the priest's ritual gesture of presentation, performed with the two peace-offering lambs together with the bread.
הַכֹּהֵ֣ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of וְהֵנִיףכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; the officiant who performs the wave-offering rite, distinguishing this liturgical action from the earlier lay-directed 'you shall bring'.
אֹתָ֡ם[obj] themobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וְהֵנִיףאֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, referring to the two lambs of v. 19 — these, not the bread, are the object physically waved.
עַל֩together withprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase of accompanimentעַל (H5921) 'upon, together with'; the lambs are waved together with the bread of firstfruits, in one combined ritual gesture.
לֶ֨חֶםthe bread ofN c sg constr · לֶחֶם (H3899)Object of preposition עַל (head of construct chain)לֶחֶם (H3899); construct heading לֶחֶם הַבִּכּוּרִים, 'the bread of the firstfruits', resuming the two loaves of v. 17.
הַבִּכּוּרִ֤יםthe firstfruitsart + N c pl abs · בִּכּוּרִים (H1061)Genitive completing the construct chainבִּכּוּרִים (H1061); resumes v. 17's classification of the two loaves as firstfruits.
תְּנוּפָה֙a wave offeringN f sg abs · תְּנוּפָה (H8573)Adverbial accusative describing the manner of the wavingתְּנוּפָה (H8573); restates the technical term for the ritual gesture just performed.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforecompound prep לִפְנֵי · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase, marking the ritual's locationפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; with לְ, the compound preposition 'before, in the presence of' — the wave offering is performed in the sanctuary before YHWH.
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition לִפְנֵייְהוָה (H3068).
עַלwith, together withprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase of accompanimentעַל (H5921); repeats the accompaniment sense, specifying the two lambs as part of the wave-offering gesture.
שְׁנֵ֖יtwo ofnum m constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct numeral heading the object of preposition עַלשְׁנַיִם (H8147); construct heading שְׁנֵי כְּבָשִׂים, resuming the two lambs of v. 19.
כְּבָשִׂ֑יםlambsN m pl abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Genitive completing the construct chainכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532); the peace-offering lambs from v. 19, now specified as waved together with the bread.
קֹ֛דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominativeקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'; predicative — the bread and lambs are declared sacred once waved.
יִהְי֥וּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — resulting status after the wave riteהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; declares the waved bread and lambs holy, i.e. removed from common use.
לַיהוָ֖הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of dedicationיְהוָה (H3068) with לְ; the items belong first to YHWH.
לַכֹּהֵֽןfor the priestprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Dative of the beneficiary (second dative)כֹּהֵן (H3548); after being dedicated to YHWH the waved portions become the priest's due — the standard disposition of wave offerings (cf. Lev 7:32-34).
21

וּקְרָאתֶ֞ם בְּעֶ֣צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה מִֽקְרָא קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם בְּכָל מוֹשְׁבֹ֥תֵיכֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם

And you shall proclaim on this very day a holy convocation for yourselves; you shall do no laborious work. It is a perpetual statute in all your dwellings, throughout your generations.

Elaboration: the day's legal status as holy convocationוְ
Verse 21 seals the Feast of Weeks unit with the standard closing formula (holy convocation, no servile work, perpetual statute) that also closes the Passover/Unleavened Bread unit (v. 8) and will close each subsequent festival, marking the fiftieth day as fully equivalent in sanctity to the other pilgrimage feasts despite its single-day span.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וּקְרָאתֶ֞םand you shall proclaimwaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause)→ Weqatal: continuing obligation — the standing duty to proclaim this dayקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, proclaim'; the same verb used of proclaiming each appointed time in vv. 2, 4.
בְּעֶ֣צֶםon the very substance ofprep בְּ + N f sg constr · עֶצֶם (H6106)Temporal prepositional phrase (idiom, head of construct chain)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'bone, substance, self'; idiomatically בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה means 'on this very day', emphasizing precision of timing.
הַיּ֣וֹםthe dayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive completing the construct chainיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes the idiom 'this very day', i.e. the fiftieth day just reached.
הַזֶּ֗הthisart + dem pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַיּוֹםזֶה (H2088) 'this'; specifies the fiftieth day of v. 16 as the day proclaimed holy.
מִֽקְרָאa convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate nominative (head of construct chain)מִקְרָא (H4744); the chapter's recurring technical term, here applied to the Feast of Weeks.
קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙holyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chainקֹדֶשׁ (H6944); מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ 'holy convocation', formally declaring the day sacred assembly-time.
יִהְיֶ֣הit shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the day's ongoing legal statusהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; establishes the day's status as a holy convocation.
לָכֶ֔םfor youprep לְ + 2mp suffix · לְDative of interest/possessionלְ with 2mp suffix, 'for you, belonging to your observance'; marks Israel's obligation to keep the convocation.
כָּלall, anyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head modifying מְלֶאכֶתכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; heads כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, 'any laborious work'.
מְלֶ֥אכֶתlabor ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive completing the construct chainמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work'; construct with עֲבֹדָה, 'work of service'.
עֲבֹדָ֖הservile workN f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive completing the construct chainעֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'labor, service', from עבד 'to work, serve'; מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, 'laborious/servile work', is a narrower prohibition than the weekly sabbath's blanket 'all work' (v. 3), permitting necessary food preparation (cf. Exod 12:16).
לֹ֣אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the verb תַעֲשׂוּלֹא (H3808), standard negative particle with the imperfect for prohibition.
תַעֲשׂ֑וּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (negated, main clause)→ Yiqtol used as prohibition: standing negative commandעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; the fixed prohibitive formula recurring through the chapter.
חֻקַּ֥תa statute ofN c sg constr · חֻקָּה (H2708)Predicate nominative in apposition to the preceding law (head of construct chain)חֻקָּה (H2708) 'statute, prescribed portion', from חקק 'to inscribe, decree'; construct heading חֻקַּת עוֹלָם, 'a perpetual statute' (cf. v. 14, v. 31, v. 41).
עוֹלָ֛םperpetuity, foreverN m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Genitive completing the construct chainעוֹלָם (H5769) 'long duration, eternity, perpetuity'; חֻקַּת עוֹלָם binds the law across all future generations.
בְּכָלin allprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Locative prepositional phrase (universal scope)כֹּל (H3605); universalizing the statute across every place Israel lives, as in v. 3.
מוֹשְׁבֹ֥תֵיכֶ֖םyour dwellingsN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · מוֹשָׁב (H4186)Genitive completing the construct chainמוֹשָׁב (H4186); the recurring phrase extending the law beyond the sanctuary to every Israelite settlement.
לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶֽםthroughout your generationsprep לְ + N m pl constr + 2mp suffix · דּוֹר (H1755)Temporal prepositional phrase (duration across generations)דּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'; with לְ, 'for/throughout your generations', reinforcing חֻקַּת עוֹלָם's temporal permanence.
22

וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶ֞ם אֶת קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֗ם לֹֽא תְכַלֶּ֞ה פְּאַ֤ת שָֽׂדְךָ֙ בְּקֻצְרֶ֔ךָ וְלֶ֥קֶט קְצִירְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט לֶֽעָנִ֤י וְלַגֵּר֙ תַּעֲזֹ֣ב אֹתָ֔ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם

And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not completely reap the edge of your field, nor shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest; you shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner. I am the LORD your God.

Digression/coda: the gleaning law reprised, closing the spring-festival sectionוְ
Verse 22 interrupts the calendar's date-by-date structure to repeat the social legislation of Lev 19:9-10 almost verbatim, appended precisely at the point where the grain-harvest festivals (Firstfruits through Weeks) conclude; the self-identification formula 'I am the LORD your God' frames provision for the poor and the sojourner as inseparable from covenant worship, before the chapter turns to the autumn festivals in v. 23.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶ֞םand when you reapwaw-conj + prep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 2mp suffix · קָצַר (H7114)Temporal clause (infinitive construct with prep, fronted)→ Infinitive construct: temporal/circumstantial, 'when you reap'קָצַר (H7114) 'to reap, harvest'; infinitive construct with בְּ introduces a temporal clause paralleling Lev 19:9.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marking the definite direct object קְצִיר אַרְצְכֶם.
קְצִ֣ירthe harvest ofN m sg constr · קָצִיר (H7105)Direct object of קֻצְרְכֶם (head of construct chain)קָצִיר (H7105) 'harvest', from the same root קצר; construct heading קְצִיר אַרְצְכֶם, 'the harvest of your land'.
אַרְצְכֶ֗םyour landN c sg constr + 2mp suffix · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive completing the construct chainאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; with 2mp suffix, the promised land Israel will possess and cultivate.
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the verb תְכַלֶּהלֹא (H3808), standard negative particle with the imperfect for prohibition.
תְכַלֶּ֞הyou shall completely reapPiel impf 2ms · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (negated, main clause)→ Yiqtol used as prohibition: standing negative commandכָּלָה (H3615) Piel 'to finish, complete, use up entirely'; the prohibition against reaping a field's edge to completion.
פְּאַ֤תthe edge ofN f sg constr · פֵּאָה (H6285)Direct object of תְכַלֶּה (head of construct chain)פֵּאָה (H6285) 'edge, corner, side'; construct heading פְּאַת שָׂדְךָ, 'the edge of your field' — the gleaning law of Lev 19:9-10 restated.
שָֽׂדְךָ֙your fieldN m sg constr + 2ms suffix · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Genitive completing the construct chainשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'; the cultivated land whose edges must be left unharvested for the poor.
בְּקֻצְרֶ֔ךָwhen you reapprep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 2ms suffix · קָצַר (H7114)Temporal clause (infinitive construct with prep)→ Infinitive construct: temporal, 'while/when you reap'קָצַר (H7114); repeats the infinitive of the clause opening, now singular, specifying the moment of harvesting.
וְלֶ֥קֶטand the gleaning ofwaw-conj + N m sg constr · לֶקֶט (H3951)Coordinate direct object (head of construct chain)לֶקֶט (H3951) 'gleaning', from לקט 'to gather, glean'; construct heading לֶקֶט קְצִירְךָ, 'the gleanings of your harvest'.
קְצִירְךָ֖your harvestN m sg constr + 2ms suffix · קָצִיר (H7105)Genitive completing the construct chainקָצִיר (H7105); the fallen stalks/ears left behind during reaping.
לֹ֣אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the verb תְלַקֵּטלֹא (H3808).
תְלַקֵּ֑טyou shall gatherPiel impf 2ms · לָקַט (H3950)Predicate verb (negated, main clause)→ Yiqtol used as prohibition: standing negative commandלָקַט (H3950) Piel 'to gather, glean'; prohibits the landowner from collecting the fallen gleanings for himself.
לֶֽעָנִ֤יfor the poorprep לְ + art + adj m sg abs · עָנִי (H6041)Dative of the beneficiary, fronted for emphasisעָנִי (H6041) 'poor, afflicted'; the intended beneficiary of the gleaning law.
וְלַגֵּר֙and for the sojournerwaw-conj + prep לְ + art + N m sg abs · גֵּר (H1616)Coordinate dative of the beneficiaryגֵּר (H1616) 'resident alien, sojourner', from גור 'to sojourn'; the foreigner living among Israel, paired with the poor as the law's protected class (cf. Lev 19:10, 33-34).
תַּעֲזֹ֣בyou shall leaveQal impf 2ms · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (main clause, positive counterpart to the prohibitions)→ Yiqtol used as command: standing positive obligationעָזַב (H5800) 'to leave, abandon, forsake'; here positively, 'leave (for someone)' — complementing the two preceding prohibitions.
אֹתָ֔ם[obj] themobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of תַּעֲזֹבאֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, resuming the unharvested edge and the gleanings as what is to be left.
אֲנִ֖יI (am)indep pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject of the closing self-identification formulaאֲנִי (H589), 1cs independent pronoun opening the recognition formula אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם, which grounds the social law in YHWH's own authority (cf. Lev 19:10, 34).
יְהוָ֥הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate nominativeיְהוָה (H3068).
אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽםyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Predicate nominative in apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) with 2mp suffix; the self-identification formula closes the gleaning law, echoing Lev 19:10, grounding social ethics in covenant relationship with YHWH.
23

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

Narrative frame opening a new legislative unitוַ
The wayyiqtol formula repeats verbatim from v. 1 and v. 9, marking a fresh divine-speech unit; it introduces the autumn festivals (Trumpets, Atonement, Booths), pivoting the chapter from the spring grain-harvest cycle just closed in v. 22.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokewaw-consec + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol, narrative main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel of דבר 'to speak'; the formula וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר opens each new legislative unit (vv. 1, 9, 23, 26, 33).
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּריְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God, the tetragrammaton.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the addressee of the divine speech.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶלמֹשֶׁה (H4872), the mediator of Sinai revelation; here the addressee of YHWH's speech.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival complement introducing direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: introduces the following quoted speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the infinitive construct with לְ is the standard formula opening reported divine speech.
24

דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ שַׁבָּת֔וֹן זִכְר֥וֹן תְּרוּעָ֖ה מִקְרָא קֹֽדֶשׁ

Speak to the Israelites, saying: In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall have a complete rest, a memorial of trumpet blast, a holy convocation.

Third festival unit: the Feast of Trumpets (first of the seventh month)asyndeton
This verse opens the autumn festival cluster with the first of the seventh month (Tishri), described by function — שַׁבָּתוֹן, זִכְרוֹן תְּרוּעָה, מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ — rather than by the later name Rosh Hashanah; the trumpet blast anticipates the solemn Day of Atonement ten days later (v. 27) and the pilgrimage Feast of Booths that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
דַּבֵּ֛רspeakPiel impv 2ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: direct commandדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel 'to speak'; imperative opening the speech Moses is to relay to Israel, echoing v. 2's opening.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to'; introduces the addressees of Moses' speech.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Object of preposition אֶל (head of construct chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct plural in the fixed idiom בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, 'the Israelites'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant people, addressees of this festival law.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival complement introducing direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: introduces the following quoted speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; introduces the content of the law to follow.
בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁin the monthprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month'; opens the date formula for the new festival.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜יthe seventhart + ordinal m sg · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying חֹדֶשׁשְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh'; the seventh month (Tishri), opening Israel's autumn festival cluster (Trumpets, Atonement, Booths).
בְּאֶחָ֣דon the firstprep בְּ + num m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Temporal prepositional phrase (date)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; with בְּ, 'on the first [day]', the standard idiom for the first of a month (cf. Num 29:1).
לַחֹ֗דֶשׁof the monthprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Genitive-equivalent prepositional phrase completing the date formulaחֹדֶשׁ (H2320); distributive לְ completing 'the first day of the month'.
יִהְיֶ֤הthere shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — establishing the day's statusהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; establishes the day's sacred character.
לָכֶם֙for youprep לְ + 2mp suffix · לְDative of interest/possessionלְ with 2mp suffix, 'for you'; marks Israel's obligation to observe the day.
שַׁבָּת֔וֹןa complete restN m sg abs · שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677)Predicate nominativeשַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677), the intensive rest-noun also used of the weekly sabbath (v. 3) and the Day of Atonement (v. 32); marks the day as one of solemn cessation.
זִכְר֥וֹןa memorial ofN m sg constr · זִכָּרוֹן (H2146)Predicate nominative in apposition (head of construct chain)זִכָּרוֹן (H2146) 'memorial, remembrance', from זכר 'to remember'; construct heading זִכְרוֹן תְּרוּעָה, 'a memorial of trumpet blast(s)'.
תְּרוּעָ֖הa trumpet blastN f sg abs · תְּרוּעָה (H8643)Genitive completing the construct chainתְּרוּעָה (H8643) 'shout, blast, alarm'; the loud signal (shofar) marking the day — the later basis for the name Rosh Hashanah, though unnamed here.
מִקְרָאa convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate nominative in further apposition (head of construct chain)מִקְרָא (H4744); the chapter's recurring technical term, applied here to the first day of the seventh month.
קֹֽדֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chainקֹדֶשׁ (H6944); מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ, 'holy convocation', the formula marking the day's status as an appointed sacred assembly.
25

כָּל מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה

You shall do no laborious work, but you shall bring a fire offering to the LORD.

Closing prohibition + command for the Trumpets unitasyndeton
Asyndetic fronting of כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה throws emphasis on the total work-stoppage before the positive counter-command (weqatal וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם) to bring the fire-offering; this couplet — no work / bring an offering — is the recurring skeletal refrain closing each sacred-time unit in the chapter (cf. vv. 3, 8, 21, 36).
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of fronted direct object (with negated verb = 'no ... at all')כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every, whole'; construct governing מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, together fronted before the negated verb for emphasis: 'you shall do no laborious work whatsoever'.
מְלֶ֥אכֶתwork ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Construct noun (middle link of chain, fronted object)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation, business'; here in construct with עֲבֹדָה forming the compound idiom 'laborious work' repeated in the festival-calendar's work-prohibitions.
עֲבֹדָ֖הlaborN f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive of the construct chain (מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה)עֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'labor, service, servile work'; מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, 'laborious work', is the somewhat stricter prohibition used for the most solemn days (cf. Day of Atonement, v. 28), contrasted with the milder phrasing used for lesser festival days.
לֹ֣אnotneg part · לֹא (H3808)Negates the following verbלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle; with the imperfect it forms a durative prohibition, 'you shall not do'.
תַעֲשׂ֑וּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, negated); its object כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה stands fronted→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — durative prohibition binding on all future observanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; with לֹא + imperfect the fixed formula prohibiting labor on this appointed day.
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥םand you shall bring nearwaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 2mp · הִקְרִיב (H7126)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the imperfect's force, positive counterpart)→ Weqatal: continues the preceding volitional/imperfect force — a standing obligationקָרַב (H7126), Hiphil 'to bring near, present, offer'; the technical verb for presenting an offering at the altar, here the fire-offering that accompanies the Trumpets closing rite.
אִשֶּׁ֖הa fire offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Direct object of וְהִקְרַבְתֶּםאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'offering made by fire' (traditionally linked to אֵשׁ 'fire', though the etymology is debated); the standard designation for offerings consumed on the altar, used generically here without specifying the victim.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase, indirect object/recipient of the offeringיְהוָה (H3068); the fire-offering is directed 'to the LORD', the recurring formula closing each festival's offering-instruction in this chapter.
26

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

Narrative frame launching a new legislative unit (Day of Atonement)וַ
The wayyiqtol וַיְדַבֵּר, verbatim as in vv. 1, 9, and 23, marks the boundary between the Trumpets unit just closed (v. 25) and the Day of Atonement unit about to open; the chapter's recurring speech-formula structures the whole calendar as a sequence of discrete divine oracles.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokewaw-consec + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol, narrative main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel of דבר 'to speak'; this fourth recurrence of the formula (after vv. 1, 9, 23) launches the Day of Atonement legislation.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּריְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God, the tetragrammaton; traditionally read אֲדֹנָי and rendered 'the LORD'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the addressee of the divine speech.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶלמֹשֶׁה (H4872), the mediator of Sinai revelation; here the addressee of YHWH's speech.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival complement introducing direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: introduces the following quoted speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the infinitive construct with לְ is the standard formula opening reported divine speech, functioning like a colon before a quotation — here launching the Day of Atonement legislation of vv. 27-32.
27

אַ֡ךְ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֩ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה י֧וֹם הַכִּפֻּרִ֣ים ה֗וּא מִֽקְרָא קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה

But on the tenth of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement; it shall be a holy convocation for you, and you shall afflict yourselves and bring a fire offering to the LORD.

Restrictive/emphatic continuation, introducing the Day of Atonementאַךְ
אַךְ singles out the tenth day for special solemnity within the seventh month already marked by Trumpets (vv. 23-25); the verse pairs a self-affliction command (וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם) with the standard fire-offering command, establishing the fast as central to this day's observance even before the work-prohibition and karet sanctions of vv. 28-30 reinforce it.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
אַ֡ךְsurelyadv · אַךְ (H389)Restrictive/emphatic adverb opening the clauseאַךְ (H389), restrictive particle 'surely, only, however'; marks the exceptional solemnity of the tenth day amid the seventh month's festivals — 'but on the tenth ...'.
בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹרon the tenthprep בְּ + N m sg abs · עָשׂוֹר (H6218)Temporal prepositional phraseעָשׂוֹר (H6218) 'ten, decade'; used idiomatically for 'the tenth day', as also in Lev 16:29 for this same Day of Atonement date.
לַחֹדֶשׁ֩of the monthprep לְ + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Prepositional phrase completing the dating formulaחֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month, new moon'; completes the dating formula 'the tenth of the month'.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֨יthe seventhart + ordinal adj m sg · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying 'the month'שְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh', ordinal from שֶׁבַע 'seven'; specifies Tishri, the sacred seventh month in which Trumpets, Atonement, and Booths all fall.
הַזֶּ֜הthisart + demonstrative pron ms · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative adjective modifying 'the month'זֶה (H2088) 'this'; near demonstrative closing the dating phrase 'this seventh month'.
י֧וֹםday ofN m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Construct noun, subject of the verbless clause יוֹם הַכִּפֻּרִים הוּאיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; construct with הַכִּפֻּרִים, 'Day of Atonement(s)' — the nominal clause 'a day of atonements it (is)' names the day before its regulations follow.
הַכִּפֻּרִ֣יםthe atonementsart + N m pl abs · כִּפֻּרִים (H3725)Genitive of the construct chain (יוֹם הַכִּפֻּרִים)כִּפֻּרִים (H3725), plural of כִּפֻּר, from כפר 'to atone, cover, purge'; the plural form (elsewhere only Lev 25:9 of this same festival) likely denotes the plurality/intensity of atoning rites performed on this day (cf. the detailed ritual of Lev 16).
ה֗וּאit (is)indep pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Copular pronoun (predicate identification in a verbless clause)הוּא (H1931), 3ms independent pronoun functioning as copula linking subject and predicate nominative: 'a day of atonements it (is)'.
מִֽקְרָאa convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate nominative (verbless clause, 'a holy convocation it shall be')מִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation, assembly', from קרא 'to call, summon'; in construct with קֹדֶשׁ, 'a holy convocation'.
קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙holyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive of the construct chain (מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sacredness'; attributive genitive, 'a holy convocation' — one of the seven such mo'adim so designated in this chapter.
יִהְיֶ֣הit shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb supplying the future copula for the nominal predicate→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a standing future obligationהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; supplies the future copula, 'a holy convocation it shall be to you'.
לָכֶ֔םfor youprep לְ + 2mp suffixPrepositional phrase, indirect object/beneficiaryלְ + 2mp suffix, 'for/to you (pl.)'; marks Israel as the community for whom the day is appointed.
וְעִנִּיתֶ֖םand you shall afflictwaw-conj + Piel weqatal 2mp · עִנָּה (H6031)Predicate verb (weqatal, standing obligation coordinate with יִהְיֶה)→ Weqatal: continues the preceding modal force — a binding, repeated obligationעָנָה II (H6031), Piel 'to afflict, humble, mortify' (distinct from עָנָה I 'to answer'). The idiom עִנָּה נֶפֶשׁ, 'afflict the soul/self' (object נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם, next word), became the technical term for the Yom Kippur fast; later tradition (Mishnah Yoma) enumerated five 'afflictions' — abstention from food, drink, washing, anointing, and marital relations — though the text itself specifies only the verb, leaving the concrete content to praxis and later halakhah.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם as the definite direct object of וְעִנִּיתֶם.
נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑םyour soulsN c pl constr + 2mp suffix · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Direct object of וְעִנִּיתֶםנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, self, life, appetite'; here plural with pronominal suffix, 'your selves/lives'. עִנָּה נֶפֶשׁ, 'to afflict the soul', is a fixed idiom (also Lev 16:29, 31; Num 29:7; Ps 35:13) for self-denial, centrally fasting — the Torah's only explicitly commanded fast day.
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥םand you shall bring nearwaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 2mp · הִקְרִיב (H7126)Predicate verb (weqatal, second coordinate command)→ Weqatal: continues the sequence of standing obligationsקָרַב (H7126), Hiphil 'to bring near, offer'; the fire-offering command paired here with the self-affliction command, repeating the structure of v. 25.
אִשֶּׁ֖הa fire offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Direct object of וְהִקְרַבְתֶּםאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'offering made by fire'; cf. v. 25 — on the Day of Atonement this is in addition to, not a substitute for, the elaborate purification rites of Lev 16.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Prepositional phrase, recipient of the offeringיְהוָה (H3068); closes the verse with the standard fire-offering formula, repeated from v. 25.
28

וְכָל מְלָאכָה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י י֤וֹם כִּפֻּרִים֙ ה֔וּא לְכַפֵּ֣ר עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם

You shall do no work at all on this very day, for it is a Day of Atonement, to make atonement for you before the LORD your God.

Causal ground clause (כִּי) grounding the total work-prohibitionוְ
The כִּי-clause supplies the theological rationale absent from the parallel prohibitions elsewhere in the chapter: work is forbidden not merely because the day is holy but because the day's entire purpose is the accomplishment of atonement (לְכַפֵּר) before God, making any competing activity a de facto rejection of that purpose.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְכָלand anywaw-conj + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinating conjunction + construct head of fronted direct objectכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct with מְלָאכָה, fronted before the negated verb: 'and any work you shall not do'.
מְלָאכָה֙workN f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive of the construct chain (וְכָל מְלָאכָה)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation'; the general term alone here (contrast the stricter מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה of vv. 7-8, 21, 25, 35-36) — yet tradition treats the Day of Atonement's prohibition as the calendar's most stringent, on the strength of the karet sanctions that follow (vv. 29-30).
לֹ֣אnotneg part · לֹא (H3808)Negates the following verbלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle.
תַעֲשׂ֔וּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, negated); its object וְכָל מְלָאכָה stands fronted→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — durative prohibitionעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'.
בְּעֶ֖צֶםon the very (day)prep בְּ + N f sg constr · עֶצֶם (H6106)Temporal prepositional phrase (idiom of exact specification)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'bone, substance, self-same'; בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה is an idiom meaning 'on this very/selfsame day', emphasizing precision — the same phrase marks Noah's entry into the ark (Gen 7:13) and other pinpointed dates.
הַיּ֣וֹםthe dayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive of the idiom, head nounיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + demonstrative pron ms · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative adjective modifying 'the day'זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
כִּ֣יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction introducing the ground clauseכִּי (H3588) 'for, because'; introduces the rationale for the strict work-prohibition just stated.
י֤וֹםday ofN m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Construct noun, subject of the verbless causal clauseיוֹם (H3117), construct with כִּפֻּרִים.
כִּפֻּרִים֙atonementN m pl abs · כִּפֻּרִים (H3725)Genitive of the construct chain (יוֹם כִּפֻּרִים)כִּפֻּרִים (H3725); anarthrous here (contrast הַכִּפֻּרִים v. 27) as predicate nominative — 'for a day of atonement it is'.
ה֔וּאit (is)indep pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Copular pronoun (predicate identification in a verbless clause)הוּא (H1931), copula: 'for a Day of Atonement it (is)'.
לְכַפֵּ֣רto make atonementprep לְ + Piel inf constr · כָּפַר (H3722)Infinitival purpose clause explaining the day's function→ Infinitive construct: expresses purpose — the day's ritual goalכָּפַר (H3722), Piel 'to atone, cover, purge, make propitiation'; the theological center of Israel's sacrificial system, here explaining why the day carries such severe sanctions — it exists to accomplish atonement before God.
עֲלֵיכֶ֔םfor youprep עַל + 2mp suffix · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase, beneficiary of the atonementעַל (H5921) 'upon, for, on behalf of' + 2mp suffix; marks Israel as the beneficiaries for whom atonement is made.
לִפְנֵ֖יbeforeprep לְ + N c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase, locative/relational (before God)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; לִפְנֵי, 'before, in the presence of', locates the atoning transaction in the divine presence.
יְהוָ֥הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive of the construct chain (object of לִפְנֵי)יְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽםyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָה, second genitive of לִפְנֵיאֱלֹהִים (H430) + 2mp suffix, 'your God'; the collocation יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם underscores the covenant relationship in which atonement is transacted.
29

כִּ֤י כָל הַנֶּ֨פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא תְעֻנֶּ֔ה בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְנִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ

For any person who is not afflicted on this very day shall be cut off from her people.

Casuistic sanction clause grounding the affliction command of v. 27כִּי
This is the first of two parallel karet-style sanctions (vv. 29, 30) attached to the Day of Atonement; here the sanction for OMITTING the required self-affliction is phrased with the impersonal, passive Niphal וְנִכְרְתָה, 'she (that person) shall be cut off' — a standard formulaic penalty distancing the agent of judgment. The companion verse (v. 30) escalates to God's own first-person Hiphil for the graver offense of active work, revealing a deliberate rhetorical gradation within the unit.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כִּ֤יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal/conditional conjunction introducing the sanction clauseכִּי (H3588) 'for, if'; introduces the casuistic formula, 'whoever ... shall be cut off'.
כָלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head modifying הַנֶּפֶשׁ (quasi-universal quantifier)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; כָל הַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר, 'any person who', the standard casuistic opening of an individual-liability law.
הַנֶּ֨פֶשׁ֙personart + N c sg abs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Genitive of the construct chain, antecedent of the relative clauseנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, person, self'; here = 'person, individual' — a pointed wordplay, since the same noun that must be 'afflicted' (עִנָּה נֶפֶשׁ, v. 27) is now the 'person' liable to being cut off for failing to afflict it.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhorelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the conditional relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'who, which, that'; introduces the condition defining the liable party.
לֹֽאnotneg part · לֹא (H3808)Negates the following passive verbלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle.
תְעֻנֶּ֔הis afflictedPual impf 3fs · עֻנָּה (H6031)Predicate verb of the relative clause (passive, protasis of the sanction)→ Yiqtol (Pual passive): durative — describes ongoing failure to undergo the prescribed self-denialעָנָה II (H6031), Pual (passive) 3fs 'is afflicted, is humbled'; the passive shifts from the second-person active command of v. 27 (וְעִנִּיתֶם, 'you shall afflict') to a description of whether the individual נֶפֶשׁ (grammatically feminine, hence 3fs) undergoes the self-denial — legal focus moves from communal command to individual compliance and liability.
בְּעֶ֖צֶםon the very (day)prep בְּ + N f sg constr · עֶצֶם (H6106)Temporal prepositional phrase (idiom of exact specification)עֶצֶם (H6106); repeats the 'on this very day' idiom of v. 28, precisely dating the liability.
הַיּ֣וֹםthe dayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive of the idiom, head nounיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + demonstrative pron ms · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative adjective modifying 'the day'זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וְנִכְרְתָ֖הand she shall be cut offwaw-conj + Niphal qatal (weqatal) 3fs · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (apodosis of the casuistic law, passive)→ Weqatal (Niphal passive): the legal consequence stated as a certain, standing sanctionכָּרַת (H3772), Niphal (passive) 'to be cut off'; the karet formula, a divinely-executed sanction of severance from the covenant community for grave cultic offenses. Note the PASSIVE niphal here contrasts sharply with the first-person Hiphil וְהַאֲבַדְתִּי, 'I will destroy', used in v. 30 for the parallel offense of working on this day — an intensification: failing to fast incurs an impersonally-stated cutting-off, while working on the day incurs God's own direct, personal destruction of the offender.
מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָfrom her peopleprep מִן + N m pl constr + 3fs suffix · עַם (H5971)Prepositional phrase, source/separation ('from her people')עַם (H5971) 'people, kinsman-group' + 3fs suffix (referring to הַנֶּפֶשׁ); מֵעַמֶּיהָ, 'from her people/kin', specifies the sphere of severance — exclusion from the covenant community.
30

וְכָל הַנֶּ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּעֲשֶׂה֙ כָּל מְלָאכָ֔ה בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהַֽאֲבַדְתִּ֛י אֶת הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ

And any person who does any work on this very day, that person I will destroy from the midst of her people.

Second, escalated casuistic sanction, paired with v. 29וְ
This verse forms a deliberate pair with v. 29: same casuistic frame (וְכָל/כִּי כָל הַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר ... בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה), but the offense shifts from omission (not fasting) to commission (working), and the sanction shifts correspondingly from the passive, third-person Niphal 'she shall be cut off' to God's own first-person Hiphil 'I will destroy' — the chapter's clearest instance of graduated liability language, marking active violation of the day's rest as the more serious of the two offenses.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְכָלand anywaw-conj + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinating conjunction + construct head, subject of the relative clauseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; וְכָל הַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר, 'and any person who', opens the second of two parallel casuistic sanctions in this section.
הַנֶּ֗פֶשׁpersonart + N c sg abs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Genitive of the construct chain, antecedent of the relative clauseנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, person'; the subject of the offense here, parallel to v. 29.
אֲשֶׁ֤רwhorelative pron · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the conditional relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'who, which, that'.
תַּעֲשֶׂה֙doesQal impf 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of the relative clause (protasis of the sanction, active)→ Yiqtol: imperfective — describes the positive act of working, contrasting v. 29's passive 'is not afflicted'עָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; active voice here (contrast the Pual passive תְעֻנֶּה of v. 29) — this offense is a positive act (doing work) rather than an omission (failing to fast).
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of the direct object of תַּעֲשֶׂהכֹּל (H3605); כָּל מְלָאכָה, 'any work', the direct object.
מְלָאכָ֔הworkN f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive of the construct chain (כָּל מְלָאכָה), direct objectמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation'; the general term again (as v. 28), object of the prohibited act.
בְּעֶ֖צֶםon the very (day)prep בְּ + N f sg constr · עֶצֶם (H6106)Temporal prepositional phrase (idiom of exact specification)עֶצֶם (H6106); the 'on this very day' idiom, repeated a third time (vv. 28, 29, 30) to pin the sanctions precisely to the calendar date.
הַיּ֣וֹםthe dayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive of the idiom, head nounיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + demonstrative pron ms · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative adjective modifying 'the day'זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וְהַֽאֲבַדְתִּ֛יand I will destroywaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 1cs · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis of the casuistic law; divine first person)→ Weqatal (Hiphil, 1cs): a certain, personally-executed future judgmentאָבַד (H6), Hiphil 'to destroy, cause to perish', 1cs 'I will destroy'. Unlike the impersonal, passive כרת formula of v. 29 (וְנִכְרְתָה, 'she shall be cut off'), here God speaks in the first person as direct executor of judgment — a deliberate escalation: active, willful labor on the Day of Atonement draws not an impersonally-stated cutting-off but YHWH's own personal threat of destruction, one of the relatively rare first-person divine sanction formulas in the Pentateuch's legal corpus.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא as the definite direct object of וְהַאֲבַדְתִּי.
הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁthe personart + N c sg abs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Head noun of the direct object phrase (resumptive of the casuistic subject)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315); resumes the person introduced in the relative clause as the object of God's destroying action.
הַהִ֖ואthatart + indep pron 3fs (demonstrative use) · הִיא (H1931)Demonstrative modifying הַנֶּפֶשׁ ('that person')הִיא/הוּא (H1931), 3fs pronoun used demonstratively, 'that'; הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא, 'that person', resumes and identifies the offender just described.
מִקֶּ֥רֶבfrom the midst ofprep מִן + N m sg constr · קֶרֶב (H7130)Prepositional phrase, source/separationקֶרֶב (H7130) 'midst, inward part'; מִקֶּרֶב עַמָּהּ, 'from the midst of her people', a slightly fuller expression of exclusion than v. 29's מֵעַמֶּיהָ, perhaps stressing complete removal from the community's very center — fitting the graver, divinely-personal sanction of this verse.
עַמָּֽהּher peopleN m sg constr + 3fs suffix · עַם (H5971)Genitive of the construct chain (object of מִקֶּרֶב)עַם (H5971) 'people, kinsman-group' + 3fs suffix, 'her people'.
31

כָּל מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל מֹֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם

You shall do no work at all — a perpetual statute throughout your generations, in all your dwellings.

Summary reaffirmation with perpetuity clauseasyndeton
Asyndetic restatement of the work-prohibition (now for the third time in this unit) is capped with the standing חֻקַּת עוֹלָם formula and its paired temporal/spatial totalizers, 'throughout your generations' and 'in all your dwellings' — legally binding the Day of Atonement's rest not just on the wilderness generation but on Israel in perpetuity and wherever it settles.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of fronted direct objectכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; כָּל מְלָאכָה, fronted before the negated verb, as in vv. 25, 28.
מְלָאכָ֖הworkN f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive of the construct chain (כָּל מְלָאכָה)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation'; the general prohibition term, matching vv. 28, 30's usage for this day.
לֹ֣אnotneg part · לֹא (H3808)Negates the following verbלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle.
תַעֲשׂ֑וּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, negated)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — durative prohibitionעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; restates the work-prohibition a third time in this unit (vv. 28, 30, 31), reinforcing its unusual severity.
חֻקַּ֤תa statute ofN c sg constr · חֻקָּה (H2708)Construct noun, predicate of a verbless clauseחֻקָּה (H2708) 'statute, prescribed limit', from חקק 'to inscribe, decree'; in construct with עוֹלָם, 'a perpetual statute' — the formula legally entrenching the Day of Atonement's observance for all future generations.
עוֹלָם֙perpetualN m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Genitive of the construct chain (חֻקַּת עוֹלָם)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'long duration, antiquity, futurity'; חֻקַּת עוֹלָם, 'a perpetual/everlasting statute', a stock formula marking permanent cultic legislation (cf. vv. 14, 21, 41).
לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔םthroughout your generationsprep לְ + N f pl constr + 2mp suffix · דּוֹר (H1755)Prepositional phrase, distributive/temporal extensionדּוֹר (H1755) 'generation, age' + 2mp suffix; לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם, 'for/throughout your generations', extends the statute's force across time.
בְּכֹ֖לin allprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase, distributive/spatial extensionכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם, 'in all your dwellings/settlements', extends the statute's force across space, paired with the temporal לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם.
מֹֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽםyour dwellingsN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · מוֹשָׁב (H4186)Genitive of the construct chain (object of בְּכֹל)מוֹשָׁב (H4186) 'dwelling, settlement, seat', from ישב 'to dwell'; בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם universalizes the law's reach across every place Israel comes to inhabit, not just the wilderness camp or later the land.
32

שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּתִשְׁעָ֤ה לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב מֵעֶ֣רֶב עַד עֶ֔רֶב תִּשְׁבְּת֖וּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶֽם

It is a sabbath of complete rest for you, and you shall afflict yourselves; on the ninth of the month, in the evening, from evening to evening, you shall keep your sabbath.

Closing timing clause for the Day of Atonement unitasyndeton
This final verse of the Atonement unit specifies the exact clock-time of the fast: it begins on the evening of the NINTH, not the tenth — the earliest explicit statement in Scripture of the evening-to-evening reckoning of a sacred day, and the direct textual basis for the later Jewish practice of beginning Yom Kippur (and the weekly Sabbath) before sundown. שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן ... תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶם frames the verse with a root-play on שׁבת, likening this fast day's rest to the weekly Sabbath's.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
שַׁבַּ֨תa sabbath ofN c sg constr · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Construct noun, predicate nominative of the verbless opening clauseשַׁבָּת (H7676) 'sabbath, rest'; construct with שַׁבָּתוֹן forming the intensive doublet 'a sabbath of solemn rest' (cf. Exod 31:15; Lev 16:31; 23:3, 39), the strongest rest-formula in the legal corpus.
שַׁבָּת֥וֹןcomplete restN m sg abs · שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677)Genitive of the construct chain (שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן)שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677), an intensive/abstract noun from the same root שׁבת 'to cease, rest'; שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן, a superlative-like doubling, 'a most solemn rest' — applied elsewhere only to the weekly Sabbath (v. 3) and this day, marking Yom Kippur as equal in restfulness to the seventh-day Sabbath itself.
הוּא֙it (is)indep pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Copular pronoun (predicate identification in a verbless clause)הוּא (H1931), copula: 'a sabbath of solemn rest it (is) for you'.
לָכֶ֔םfor youprep לְ + 2mp suffixPrepositional phrase, beneficiaryלְ + 2mp suffix, 'for you (pl.)'.
וְעִנִּיתֶ֖םand you shall afflictwaw-conj + Piel weqatal 2mp · עִנָּה (H6031)Predicate verb (weqatal, standing obligation)→ Weqatal: continues the modal/future force — a repeated, binding obligationעָנָה II (H6031), Piel 'to afflict, humble'; repeats the self-affliction command of v. 27 verbatim, reinforcing the fast as the day's central human act of observance.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), marking נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם as the definite direct object of וְעִנִּיתֶם.
נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑םyour soulsN c pl constr + 2mp suffix · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Direct object of וְעִנִּיתֶםנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) + 2mp suffix, plural 'your selves'; see v. 27 note on the idiom עִנָּה נֶפֶשׁ, 'to afflict the soul' (self-denial/fasting).
בְּתִשְׁעָ֤הon the ninthprep בְּ + cardinal number m sg · תִּשְׁעָה (H8672)Temporal prepositional phrase, opens the fast's timing clauseתִּשְׁעָה (H8672) 'nine'; בְּתִשְׁעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ, 'on the ninth of the month' — the crucial detail that the fast begins the evening BEFORE the tenth of v. 27, since the 'evening to evening' span below runs from the ninth's sunset into the tenth.
לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ֙of the monthprep לְ + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Prepositional phrase completing the dating formulaחֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month'.
בָּעֶ֔רֶבin the eveningprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Temporal prepositional phrase, apposition specifying the hourעֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; specifies that the ninth's observance begins at evening — the scriptural basis for Yom Kippur (and the Sabbath generally) beginning 'before sunset'.
מֵעֶ֣רֶבfrom eveningprep מִן + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Prepositional phrase, first term of the מִן ... עַד spanעֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; מֵעֶרֶב עַד עֶרֶב, 'from evening to evening', the classic 24-hour reckoning formula for a Hebrew day of rest.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Preposition, second term of the span (מִן ... עַד)עַד (H5704) 'until, up to'; completes the evening-to-evening formula.
עֶ֔רֶבeveningN m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of עַד, closing the temporal spanעֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening', repeated to close the 24-hour formula.
תִּשְׁבְּת֖וּyou shall restQal impf 2mp · שָׁבַת (H7673)Predicate verb (main clause, positive command)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a durative command to observe the restשָׁבַת (H7673) 'to cease, rest, keep sabbath' — the verbal root behind שַׁבָּת itself; the command word-plays on the verse's opening שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן, forming an inclusio: 'a sabbath ... you shall sabbath [keep]'.
שַׁבַּתְּכֶֽםyour sabbathN c sg constr + 2mp suffix · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Direct object (cognate accusative) of תִּשְׁבְּתוּשַׁבָּת (H7676) + 2mp suffix, 'your sabbath'; cognate accusative with תִּשְׁבְּתוּ ('you shall sabbath your sabbath'), a Hebrew idiom of emphatic reinforcement closing the Day of Atonement legislation.
33

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

Narrative frame launching the final legislative unit (Booths/Sukkot)וַ
The wayyiqtol וַיְדַבֵּר, identical to vv. 1, 9, 23, and 26, marks the transition from the solemn, fast-marked Day of Atonement to the joyful, harvest-season festival of Booths; this fifth and final recurrence of the formula shows the chapter's entire calendar structured as a sequence of discrete divine oracles delivered through Moses.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokewaw-consec + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol, narrative main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel of דבר 'to speak'; this fifth and final recurrence of the formula (vv. 1, 9, 23, 26) launches the closing festival of the calendar, Booths (Sukkot, vv. 34ff.).
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּריְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God, the tetragrammaton; traditionally read אֲדֹנָי and rendered 'the LORD'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the addressee of the divine speech.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition אֶלמֹשֶׁה (H4872), the mediator of Sinai revelation; here the addressee of YHWH's speech.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival complement introducing direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: introduces the following quoted speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the infinitive construct with לְ is the standard formula opening reported divine speech, launching the Booths legislation that follows in vv. 34-43.
34

דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֜ר י֗וֹם לַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ הַזֶּ֔ה חַ֧ג הַסֻּכּ֛וֹת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים לַיהֹוָֽה

Speak to the Israelites, saying: On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the Feast of Booths, seven days to the LORD.

New legislative unit (fifth in the chapter's speech-cycle)asyndeton
The imperative דַּבֵּר reopens direct address after the summary colophon of vv. 37-38 to introduce Booths' own distinctive rites; the date formula matches Unleavened Bread's fifteenth-of-the-month pattern (v. 6), pairing the year's first and last pilgrimage feasts.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
דַּבֵּ֛רspeakPiel impv 2ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: direct commandדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel 'to speak'; imperative reopening direct address to Israel after the summary colophon of vv. 37-38, introducing the Booths-specific instructions.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to'; introduces the addressees of the speech.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Object of preposition אֶל (head of construct chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct plural in the fixed idiom בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, 'the Israelites'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant people, addressees of the festival calendar.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitival complement introducing direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: introduces the following quoted speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the standard formula opening reported speech, like a colon before a quotation.
בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨הon the fifthprep בְּ + numeral card m sg abs · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Temporal prepositional phrase (part of compound numeral 'fifteenth')חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'; paired with עָשָׂר to form the compound numeral 'fifteen', dating the feast.
עָשָׂ֜ר-teennumeral card m sg abs · עָשָׂר (H6240)Second element of compound numeral, in apposition to חֲמִשָּׁהעָשָׂר (H6240) 'ten' (in compounds); with חֲמִשָּׁה yields 'fifteen', the date of Booths as of Passover/Unleavened Bread (v. 6).
י֗וֹםdayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time (head of the dating phrase)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes the date formula 'fifteenth day'.
לַחֹ֤דֶשׁof the monthprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Prepositional phrase specifying the month of the dateחֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month, new moon'; anchors the date to the seventh month (Tishri).
הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙the seventhart + ordinal adj m sg abs · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying חֹדֶשׁשְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh', from שֶׁבַע 'seven'; the same month (Tishri) already host to Trumpets (v. 24) and Atonement (v. 27).
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + demonstr pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִיזֶה (H2088) 'this'; deictically fixes 'this seventh month' as the reference point already established at vv. 24, 27.
חַ֧גthe feast ofN m sg constr · חַג (H2282)Predicate noun, head of construct chain (naming the festival)חַג (H2282) 'feast, pilgrimage festival', from חגג 'to make a circuit, celebrate'; introduces the festival's proper name.
הַסֻּכּ֛וֹתthe boothsart + N f pl abs · סֻכָּה (H5521)Genitive of the construct chain (naming the festival: 'Booths')סֻכָּה (H5521) 'booth, hut'; plural gives the feast's name, חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת, whose rationale (dwelling in booths) is explained in v. 43.
שִׁבְעַ֥תsevennumeral card f sg constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct numeral heading an adverbial accusative of durationשֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; construct with יָמִים gives the seven-day duration of the feast.
יָמִ֖יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; plural completing 'seven days', the length of the feast.
לַיהֹוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative prepositional phrase (dedication)יְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; the seven days are dedicated 'to the LORD', as with Unleavened Bread (v. 6) and other pilgrimage feasts.
35

בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן מִקְרָא קֹ֑דֶשׁ כָּל מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ

On the first day is a holy convocation; you shall do no laborious work.

Specification: opening day of the sevenasyndeton
Asyndetic specification opens the internal structure of the seven-day feast, marking day one as sacred-assembly rest before v. 36 details the intervening days and the appended eighth day.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted setting)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; opens the specification of the feast's first day.
הָרִאשׁ֖וֹןthe firstart + ordinal adj m sg abs · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Attributive adjective modifying הַיּוֹםרִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first', from רֹאשׁ 'head'; marks the opening day of Booths' seven days.
מִקְרָאa convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate noun, head of construct chainמִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation, calling-together', from קרא 'to call'; construct with קֹדֶשׁ, the recurring formula for each feast's assembly day.
קֹ֑דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive of the construct chain (attributive: 'holy convocation')קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sacredness'; in construct with מִקְרָא marks the day as set apart for sacred assembly.
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of the subject noun phrase (fronted for emphasis)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; in construct with מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, 'any laborious work', the recurring prohibition-formula for sacred days.
מְלֶ֥אכֶתlabor ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive of the construct chain (object of the prohibition)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation'; construct with עֲבֹדָה intensifies to 'laborious work', the ordinary occupational labor forbidden on sacred days.
עֲבֹדָ֖הservile laborN f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive of the construct chain, completing 'laborious work'עֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, servitude', from עבד 'to work, serve'; מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה is a fixed idiom for occupational/servile work, distinguishing sacred-day rest from the total work-ban of the weekly Sabbath (cf. v. 3).
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the following verbלֹא (H3808), standard negative particle; negates תַעֲשׂוּ in a durative prohibition.
תַעֲשֽׂוּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, negated prohibition)→ Yiqtol: durative prohibition (negated modal, 'you shall not do')עָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; negated yiqtol forbids ordinary labor on the day, the standard formula for holy-convocation days throughout the chapter.
36

שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֡י מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ֩ יִהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם אִשֶּׁ֤ה לַֽיהוָה֙ עֲצֶ֣רֶת הִ֔וא כָּל מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַעֲשֽׂוּ

Seven days you shall bring a fire-offering to the LORD. On the eighth day you shall have a holy convocation, and you shall bring a fire-offering to the LORD; it is a solemn assembly. You shall do no laborious work.

Elaboration: the seven days' offerings plus the appended eighth dayasyndeton
The verse pivots from the seven days' daily fire-offerings to the distinct, appended eighth day (עֲצֶרֶת), which receives its own holy-convocation status, offering, and rest requirement even though it stands outside the feast's own seven-day count — a structural asymmetry unique to Booths among the chapter's festivals.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
שִׁבְעַ֣תsevennumeral card f sg constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct numeral heading adverbial accusative of duration (fronted)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; fronted to open the verse, governing the whole seven-day span of fire-offerings.
יָמִ֔יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes 'seven days' as the object period of the offering command.
תַּקְרִ֥יבוּyou shall bring nearHiphil impf 2mp · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (main clause, command)→ Yiqtol: modal/injunctive — an ongoing obligation for each of the seven daysקָרַב (H7126), Hiphil 'to bring near, present (an offering)'; the technical verb for presenting sacrifices, repeated daily through the feast.
אִשֶּׁ֖הa fire-offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Direct object of תַּקְרִיבוּאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire-offering', from אֵשׁ 'fire'; a generic term for sacrifices consumed on the altar fire.
לַיהוָ֑הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068); marks the offerings as dedicated to the LORD.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted setting)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; opens specification of the appended eighth day.
הַשְּׁמִינִ֡יthe eighthart + ordinal adj m sg abs · שְׁמִינִי (H8066)Attributive adjective modifying הַיּוֹםשְׁמִינִי (H8066) 'eighth', from שְׁמֹנֶה 'eight'; the day after the seven, an appended climactic assembly (עֲצֶרֶת) rather than an eighth day of the feast proper.
מִקְרָאa convocation ofN m sg constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Predicate noun, head of construct chainמִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation', from קרא 'to call'; construct with קֹדֶשׁ, marking the eighth day as also a sacred assembly.
קֹדֶשׁ֩holyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive of the construct chain (attributive: 'holy convocation')קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'; completes 'holy convocation'.
יִהְיֶ֨הit shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, copulative)→ Yiqtol: modal/injunctive — a standing requirementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; copulative verb linking 'the eighth day' to its status as a holy convocation.
לָכֶ֜םfor youprep לְ + 2mp suffix · לְ (H none)Dative of reference/possession with יִהְיֶהלְ 'to, for' + pronominal suffix; marks the community as the ones for whom the day is set apart.
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨םand you shall bring nearwaw-conj + Hiphil weqatal 2mp · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the injunction)→ Weqatal: continuation of injunctive/modal sequenceקָרַב (H7126), Hiphil 'to bring near, present'; weqatal continues the command specifically for the eighth day's own fire-offering.
אִשֶּׁ֤הa fire-offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Direct object of וְהִקְרַבְתֶּםאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire-offering'; the eighth day, though separate from the seven, still requires its own offering.
לַֽיהוָה֙to the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068); the eighth day's offering, like the seven, is dedicated to the LORD.
עֲצֶ֣רֶתa solemn assemblyN f sg abs · עֲצֶרֶת (H6116)Predicate nominative (with הִוא)עֲצֶרֶת (H6116) 'assembly, closing convocation', from עצר 'to restrain, detain, hold back'; names the eighth day a distinct climactic gathering that 'holds' the people a further day after the feast's own seven end — the same term recurs for the Pentecost/Weeks-adjacent closing at Deut 16:8.
הִ֔ואit (is)independent pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Subject/copula of the nominal clause ('it is a solemn assembly')הִיא (H1931) 'she, it'; resumes 'the eighth day' (grammatically referring to the feminine עֲצֶרֶת/assembly-day) in a verbless identifying clause.
כָּלanyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of the subject noun phrase (fronted for emphasis)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; opens the recurring work-prohibition formula for the eighth day.
מְלֶ֥אכֶתlabor ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive of the construct chain (object of the prohibition)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work'; construct with עֲבֹדָה, 'laborious work'.
עֲבֹדָ֖הservile laborN f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive of the construct chain, completing 'laborious work'עֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, servitude'; completes the fixed prohibition-idiom, applied here to the appended eighth day exactly as to the seventh's first day (v. 35).
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the following verbלֹא (H3808); negates תַעֲשׂוּ in a durative prohibition.
תַעֲשֽׂוּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, negated prohibition)→ Yiqtol: durative prohibition (negated modal, 'you shall not do')עָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; negated yiqtol forbids ordinary labor on the eighth day, closing the verse's regulation.
37

אֵ֚לֶּה מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם מִקְרָאֵ֣י קֹ֑דֶשׁ לְהַקְרִ֨יב אִשֶּׁ֜ה לַיהוָ֗ה עֹלָ֧ה וּמִנְחָ֛ה זֶ֥בַח וּנְסָכִ֖ים דְּבַר י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ

These are the LORD's appointed times, which you shall proclaim as holy convocations, to bring a fire-offering to the LORD—burnt offering and grain offering, sacrifice and drink offerings—each on its own day,

Summary colophon closing the festival calendar (vv. 1-36)asyndeton
This verse formally recapitulates the entire calendar with the same terms (מוֹעֲדִים, מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ) that opened it at v. 2, and adds a summary catalog of the four basic offering types owed on each appointed day; v. 38 will further distinguish this whole complex from the weekly Sabbath and voluntary gifts before vv. 39-43 append Booths' distinctive rites.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
אֵ֚לֶּהthesedemonstr pron cp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Subject / fronted demonstrative opening the colophonאֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'; opens a summarizing colophon that gathers all the preceding festivals (vv. 1-36) under one heading, echoing the chapter's own opening summary at v. 2.
מוֹעֲדֵ֣יthe appointed times ofN m pl constr · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Predicate noun, head of construct chainמוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time, fixed season', from יעד 'to appoint'; the chapter's key term for its calendar of sacred times, first introduced at v. 2.
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive of the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068); the appointed times belong to and are fixed by the LORD.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Introduces the relative clause modifying מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָהאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'which, that'; introduces Israel's obligation to proclaim these times.
תִּקְרְא֥וּyou shall proclaimQal impf 2mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: modal/injunctive — the community's ongoing duty to proclaimקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, proclaim, summon'; the verb underlying מִקְרָא ('convocation') — Israel is charged to actively announce these times as sacred.
אֹתָ֖ם[obj] themobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object, resuming מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi with pronominal suffix; marks 'them' (the appointed times) as the definite object of תִּקְרְאוּ.
מִקְרָאֵ֣יconvocations ofN m pl constr · מִקְרָא (H4744)Object complement / predicate noun, head of construct chainמִקְרָא (H4744) 'convocation'; plural construct summarizing every 'holy convocation' named across the chapter's individual feast laws.
קֹ֑דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive of the construct chain (attributive: 'holy convocations')קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'; completes 'holy convocations', the summarizing rubric for the whole calendar.
לְהַקְרִ֨יבto bring nearprep לְ + Hiphil inf constr · קָרַב (H7126)Infinitival clause of purpose ('in order to present')→ Infinitive construct: purpose/result of the convocationsקָרַב (H7126), Hiphil 'to bring near, present'; states the summarizing purpose of the sacred calendar — the presentation of offerings.
אִשֶּׁ֜הa fire-offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Direct object of לְהַקְרִיבאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'fire-offering'; the general category subsuming the specific offerings named next.
לַיהוָ֗הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068); every fire-offering across the whole calendar is dedicated to the LORD.
עֹלָ֧הburnt offeringN f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)First item in the summarizing offering-list, in apposition to אִשֶּׁהעֹלָה (H5930) 'that which goes up', from עלה 'to ascend'; the wholly-consumed burnt offering, first of four offering-types cataloged here to summarize the calendar's sacrificial requirements (cf. Lev 1).
וּמִנְחָ֛הand grain offeringwaw-conj + N f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Second item in the offering-listמִנְחָה (H4503) 'gift, tribute, grain offering'; the standard cereal accompaniment to animal sacrifices (cf. Lev 2).
זֶ֥בַחsacrificeN m sg abs · זֶבַח (H2077)Third item in the offering-listזֶבַח (H2077) 'sacrifice, slaughtered offering', from זבח 'to slaughter'; typically a communal/peace offering whose meat is eaten (cf. Lev 3, 7).
וּנְסָכִ֖יםand drink offeringswaw-conj + N m pl abs · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Fourth item in the offering-listנֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'libation, drink offering', from נסך 'to pour out'; the wine libation regularly accompanying burnt and sacrificial offerings (cf. Num 15, 28-29).
דְּבַרthe matter ofN m sg constr · דָּבָר (H1697)Adverbial accusative, head of construct chain ('each on its own day')דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, matter, thing'; here in the distributive idiom דְּבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ, '(the) matter of a day in its day', i.e. each offering apportioned to its proper day.
י֥וֹםa dayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive of the construct chain דְּבַר יוֹםיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes 'the matter of a day', paired with the following 'in its day' for distributive sense.
בְּיוֹמֽוֹin its dayprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial prepositional phrase completing the distributive idiomיוֹם (H3117) 'day' with 3ms suffix 'its'; the distributive idiom דְּבַר יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ, 'each day's requirement on its own day', closes the colophon by insisting offerings not be conflated or postponed.
38

מִלְּבַ֖ד שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת יְּהוָ֑ה וּמִלְּבַ֣ד מַתְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וּמִלְּבַ֤ד כָּל נִדְרֵיכֶם֙ וּמִלְּבַד֙ כָּל נִדְב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּתְּנ֖וּ לַיהוָֽה

besides the LORD's sabbaths, and besides your gifts, and besides all your vows, and besides all your freewill offerings that you give to the LORD.

Exclusionary qualification closing the colophon of vv. 37-38asyndeton
The fourfold anaphora of מִלְּבַד ('besides') carefully separates the just-summarized festival calendar from three other categories of worship — the weekly Sabbath (which runs independently of the annual calendar), and the voluntary economy of gifts, vows, and freewill offerings — clarifying that none of these are canceled or subsumed by the appointed times before Booths' own added rites resume in v. 39.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
מִלְּבַ֖דbesidesprep מִן + prep לְ + N m sg constr · בַּד (H905)Prepositional phrase of exception, fronted ('apart from')בַּד (H905) 'separation, apart'; the compound preposition מִלְּבַד 'besides, apart from' explicitly excludes the weekly Sabbath from the festival calendar just summarized in v. 37 — the appointed times are additions to, not replacements of, the ordinary Sabbath rhythm.
שַׁבְּתֹ֣תthe sabbaths ofN c pl constr · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Object of the compound preposition מִלְּבַד, head of construct chainשַׁבָּת (H7676) 'sabbath, rest'; plural construct, the recurring weekly sabbaths as distinct from the annual appointed times.
יְּהוָ֑הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive of the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068); the weekly Sabbaths, like the appointed times, belong to the LORD.
וּמִלְּבַ֣דand besideswaw-conj + prep מִן + prep לְ + N m sg constr · בַּד (H905)Prepositional phrase of exception, second itemמִלְּבַד 'besides, apart from'; repeats the exclusion formula, now for gifts.
מַתְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗םyour giftsN f pl constr + 2mp suffix · מַתָּנָה (H4979)Object of מִלְּבַדמַתָּנָה (H4979) 'gift', from נתן 'to give'; general voluntary gifts to the LORD distinct from the fixed festival offerings.
וּמִלְּבַ֤דand besideswaw-conj + prep מִן + prep לְ + N m sg constr · בַּד (H905)Prepositional phrase of exception, third itemמִלְּבַד 'besides, apart from'; repeats the exclusion formula, now for vows.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of the object noun phraseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; totalizes 'all your vows'.
נִדְרֵיכֶם֙your vowsN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · נֶדֶר (H5088)Genitive of the construct chain, object of מִלְּבַדנֶדֶר (H5088) 'vow', from נדר 'to vow'; obligatory offerings promised voluntarily, distinct from the calendar's fixed requirements.
וּמִלְּבַד֙and besideswaw-conj + prep מִן + prep לְ + N m sg constr · בַּד (H905)Prepositional phrase of exception, fourth itemמִלְּבַד 'besides, apart from'; repeats the exclusion formula a final time, now for freewill offerings.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of the object noun phraseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; totalizes 'all your freewill offerings'.
נִדְב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔םyour freewill offeringsN f pl constr + 2mp suffix · נְדָבָה (H5071)Genitive of the construct chain, object of מִלְּבַדנְדָבָה (H5071) 'freewill offering, voluntary gift', from נדב 'to volunteer'; spontaneous gifts beyond any vow or obligation.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Introduces the relative clause modifying נִדְבוֹתֵיכֶםאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle; introduces the giving of the freewill offerings.
תִּתְּנ֖וּyou shall giveQal impf 2mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: iterative/customary — the ongoing practice of givingנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the general verb of giving, covering all voluntary offerings presented to the LORD.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative prepositional phrase (recipient)יְהוָה (H3068); closes the colophon — every category of gift, vowed or voluntary, is ultimately given to the LORD, distinct from but alongside the fixed calendar of vv. 1-37.
39

אַ֡ךְ בַּחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בְּאָסְפְּכֶם֙ אֶת תְּבוּאַ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ תָּחֹ֥גּוּ אֶת חַג יְהוָ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בַּיּ֤וֹם הָֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ שַׁבָּת֔וֹן וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֖י שַׁבָּתֽוֹן

However, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the produce of the land, you shall keep the LORD's feast seven days; the first day is a rest, and the eighth day is a rest.

Resumption: Booths' own distinctive material after the colophon of vv. 37-38אַךְ
The resumptive אַךְ signals that Booths, though already covered under the general colophon's summary, receives extra treatment: its agricultural rationale (the ingathering of produce) and the bracketing rest-days on day one and day eight, setting up the added rites of vv. 40-43.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
אַ֡ךְsurely / howeverrestrictive adverb · אַךְ (H389)Emphatic/resumptive adverb opening the verseאַךְ (H389) 'surely, only, however'; a resumptive particle marking the return to Booths' own distinctive material after the general colophon of vv. 37-38 — 'now then, on the fifteenth day...'.
בַּחֲמִשָּׁה֩on the fifthprep בְּ + numeral card m sg abs · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Temporal prepositional phrase (part of compound numeral 'fifteenth')חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'; paired with עָשָׂר, repeating the date already given in v. 34.
עָשָׂ֨ר-teennumeral card m sg abs · עָשָׂר (H6240)Second element of compound numeral, in apposition to חֲמִשָּׁהעָשָׂר (H6240) 'ten' (in compounds); completes 'fifteenth'.
י֜וֹםdayN m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time (head of the dating phrase)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes 'fifteenth day'.
לַחֹ֣דֶשׁof the monthprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Prepositional phrase specifying the month of the dateחֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month'; anchors the date to the seventh month.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗יthe seventhart + ordinal adj m sg abs · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying הַחֹדֶשׁשְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh'; the month Tishri, host to this whole cluster of autumn feasts.
בְּאָסְפְּכֶם֙when you gather inprep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 2mp suffix · אָסַף (H622)Temporal infinitival clause ('when you have gathered')→ Infinitive construct: temporal circumstance framing the commandאָסַף (H622) 'to gather, ingather'; names the agricultural occasion of Booths — the autumn harvest/ingathering of grain and fruit, hence its alternate name חַג הָאָסִיף, 'the Feast of Ingathering' (Exod 23:16; 34:22).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking תְּבוּאַת הָאָרֶץ as the definite object of בְּאָסְפְּכֶם.
תְּבוּאַ֣תthe produce ofN f sg constr · תְּבוּאָה (H8393)Direct object, head of construct chainתְּבוּאָה (H8393) 'produce, yield, income', from בוא 'to come in'; the year's agricultural harvest gathered in at Booths' season.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive of the construct chainאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land, earth'; the promised land whose produce is now being brought in.
תָּחֹ֥גּוּyou shall keep as a feastQal impf 2mp · חָגַג (H2287)Predicate verb (main clause, command)→ Yiqtol: modal/injunctive — the enduring obligation to celebrateחָגַג (H2287) 'to make a pilgrimage-festival, celebrate', cognate to חַג 'feast'; the same root as the festival's name, underscoring that this is preeminently 'the feast' par excellence.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking חַג יְהוָה as the definite object of תָּחֹגּוּ.
חַגthe feast ofN m sg constr · חַג (H2282)Direct object, head of construct chainחַג (H2282) 'feast, pilgrimage festival'; here in construct with יְהוָה, 'the LORD's feast' — an absolute designation befitting Booths' preeminence.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive of the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068); the feast belongs to and is dedicated to Him.
שִׁבְעַ֣תsevennumeral card f sg constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct numeral heading adverbial accusative of durationשֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; the feast's duration, restated here alongside its ingathering-purpose.
יָמִ֑יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes 'seven days'.
בַּיּ֤וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted setting)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; opens specification of the first day's own rest status.
הָֽרִאשׁוֹן֙the firstart + ordinal adj m sg abs · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Attributive adjective modifying הַיּוֹםרִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'; marks the opening day of the seven.
שַׁבָּת֔וֹןa restN m sg abs · שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677)Predicate nominative in a verbless clause ('the first day [is] a rest')שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677) 'sabbath-observance, solemn rest', an intensive noun-form from שבת 'to cease'; designates a full rest day bracketing the feast, distinct from the ordinary weekly Sabbath yet sharing its root.
וּבַיּ֥וֹםand on the daywaw-conj + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (parallel setting for the closing day)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; opens the parallel specification of the eighth day's rest status, bracketing the week with the first day.
הַשְּׁמִינִ֖יthe eighthart + ordinal adj m sg abs · שְׁמִינִי (H8066)Attributive adjective modifying הַיּוֹםשְׁמִינִי (H8066) 'eighth'; the appended day already legislated in v. 36, here bracketed with day one as the feast's two rest-days.
שַׁבָּתֽוֹןa restN m sg abs · שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677)Predicate nominative in a verbless clause ('the eighth day [is] a rest')שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677) 'solemn rest'; repeats the term from earlier in the verse, closing the bracket of rest-days around the seven working/festal days.
40

וּלְקַחְתֶּ֨ם לָכֶ֜ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן פְּרִ֨י עֵ֤ץ הָדָר֙ כַּפֹּ֣ת תְּמָרִ֔ים וַעֲנַ֥ף עֵץ עָבֹ֖ת וְעַרְבֵי נָ֑חַל וּשְׂמַחְתֶּ֗ם לִפְנֵ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים

And you shall take for yourselves on the first day the fruit of splendid trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.

Elaboration: the joyful plant-rite unique to Boothsוְ
Booths alone among the chapter's feasts is marked by this botanical rite and its explicit command to rejoice; the four plant categories (splendid-tree fruit, palm fronds, leafy boughs, brook willows) became the basis of the later 'four species' ritual, though the MT itself names general categories of vegetation, not fixed species.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וּלְקַחְתֶּ֨םand you shall takewaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause command)→ Weqatal: continuation of injunctive/modal sequenceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; introduces the collection of plant materials for the rejoicing-rite, the biblical basis for the later 'four species' (lulav and etrog) of Jewish tradition, though the Hebrew here simply lists botanical categories.
לָכֶ֜םfor yourselvesprep לְ + 2mp suffix · לְ (H none)Dative of advantage/reference with וּלְקַחְתֶּםלְ 'to, for' + pronominal suffix; the ethical-dative idiom 'take for yourselves', common with לקח in ritual instructions.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; specifies when the plant materials are taken.
הָרִאשׁ֗וֹןthe firstart + ordinal adj m sg abs · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Attributive adjective modifying הַיּוֹםרִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'; the plant-taking rite is specifically tied to day one of the feast.
פְּרִ֨יthe fruit ofN m sg constr · פְּרִי (H6529)Direct object of תִּקְחוּ (understood), head of construct chain — first item of the four-part listפְּרִי (H6529) 'fruit'; first item in the botanical list, in construct with עֵץ הָדָר.
עֵ֤ץa tree ofN m sg constr · עֵץ (H6086)Genitive of the construct chain, itself construct with הָדָרעֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'; construct with הָדָר, 'a tree of splendor' — note the phrase names a category of tree, not a species; later Jewish tradition identified it as the citron (etrog), but the Hebrew text itself is unspecific.
הָדָר֙splendorN m sg abs · הָדָר (H1926)Genitive of the construct chain, completing 'fruit of a tree of splendor'הָדָר (H1926) 'splendor, majesty, ornament'; a quality-noun, not itself a species name — the phrase literally reads 'fruit of a splendid/majestic tree'. Its precise botanical referent is left open by the MT; the identification with the citron (etrog) is a later interpretive tradition, not stated in the text.
כַּפֹּ֣תbranches ofN f pl constr · כַּף (H3709)Second item of the four-part list, head of construct chainכַּף (H3709) 'palm (of hand), frond'; here in construct with תְּמָרִים, 'fronds of palm trees' — the second botanical item, later identified with the lulav.
תְּמָרִ֔יםpalm treesN m pl abs · תָּמָר (H8558)Genitive of the construct chain, completing 'branches of palm trees'תָּמָר (H8558) 'date-palm'; completes the second item of the botanical list.
וַעֲנַ֥ףand a bough ofwaw-conj + N m sg constr · עָנָף (H6057)Third item of the four-part list, head of construct chainעָנָף (H6057) 'bough, branch'; construct with עֵץ עָבֹת, 'a bough of a leafy/thick tree' — the third botanical item, later identified with myrtle.
עֵץa treeN m sg abs · עֵץ (H6086)Genitive of the construct chain, itself modified by עָבֹתעֵץ (H6086) 'tree'; qualified by the following adjective עָבֹת, 'thick/leafy'.
עָבֹ֖תleafy/thickadj m sg abs · עָבֹת (H5687)Attributive adjective modifying עֵץעָבֹת (H5687) 'thick, leafy, entwined'; describes a densely-leaved tree — traditionally identified as myrtle (הֲדַס), though the Hebrew names a foliage-quality, not a species.
וְעַרְבֵיand willows ofwaw-conj + N f pl constr · עֲרָבָה (H6155)Fourth item of the four-part list, head of construct chainעֲרָבָה (H6155) 'willow, poplar'; construct with נָחַל, 'willows of the brook/wadi' — the fourth and final botanical item.
נָ֑חַלthe brookN m sg abs · נַחַל (H5158)Genitive of the construct chain, completing 'willows of the brook'נַחַל (H5158) 'wadi, brook, stream'; specifies willows growing by watercourses, closing the four-item catalog that became the basis for the later 'four species' (arba'ah minim) ritual, though that elaboration postdates the biblical text.
וּשְׂמַחְתֶּ֗םand you shall rejoicewaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause command)→ Weqatal: continuation of injunctive sequence — the purpose/result of the plant-taking riteשָׂמַח (H8055) 'to rejoice'; the goal of gathering the four botanical items is joyful celebration, making Booths distinctively marked by mandated joy in the divine presence.
לִפְנֵ֛יbeforeprep לִפְנֵי (compound) · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase of location ('in the presence of')פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; the compound preposition לִפְנֵי 'before, in the presence of', locating the rejoicing at the sanctuary in God's presence.
יְהוָ֥הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive of the construct chain (object of לִפְנֵי)יְהוָה (H3068); in construct with אֱלֹהֵיכֶם, naming Him as the object of the rejoicing-in-presence.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖םyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Genitive of the construct chain, in apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; with 2mp suffix, 'your God' — reinforces the covenant relation underlying the command to rejoice.
שִׁבְעַ֥תsevennumeral card f sg constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct numeral heading adverbial accusative of durationשֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; the duration of the joyful rejoicing before the LORD.
יָמִֽיםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes 'seven days', closing the verse's rejoicing-instruction.
41

וְחַגֹּתֶ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ חַ֣ג לַֽיהוָ֔ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י תָּחֹ֥גּוּ אֹתֽוֹ

You shall keep it as a feast to the LORD seven days in the year, a perpetual statute throughout your generations; you shall keep it in the seventh month.

Elaboration: perpetuity and fixed timing of the feastוְ
The verse seals the feast's celebration with the perpetual-statute formula (חֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם) used elsewhere in the chapter for its most binding laws, and reiterates the seventh-month timing a final time before the rest-rite instructions of vv. 42-43.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְחַגֹּתֶ֤םand you shall keep it as a feastwaw-conj + Qal weqatal 2mp · חָגַג (H2287)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause command)→ Weqatal: continuation of injunctive sequence — a standing, repeated obligationחָגַג (H2287) 'to celebrate a pilgrimage-feast'; resumes the verb of v. 39, now specifying its perpetual, annual character.
אֹתוֹ֙[obj] itobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (referring back to חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi with suffix; resumes the feast as direct object of וְחַגֹּתֶם.
חַ֣גa feastN m sg abs · חַג (H2282)Adverbial accusative in apposition ('as a feast')חַג (H2282) 'pilgrimage feast'; cognate accusative reinforcing חַגֹּתֶם, 'you shall feast it as a feast'.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto the LORDprep לְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative prepositional phrase (dedication)יְהוָה (H3068); the feast is dedicated to the LORD.
שִׁבְעַ֥תsevennumeral card f sg constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct numeral heading adverbial accusative of durationשֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; restates the feast's duration once more before the perpetual-statute clause.
יָמִ֖יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes 'seven days'.
בַּשָּׁנָ֑הin the yearprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Temporal prepositional phrase specifying frequencyשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; 'seven days in the year' marks the feast as an annual, once-yearly observance.
חֻקַּ֤תa statute ofN c sg constr · חֻקָּה (H2708)Predicate noun, head of construct chainחֻקָּה (H2708) 'statute, enactment', from חקק 'to inscribe, decree'; in construct with עוֹלָם, 'a perpetual statute' — a formula elsewhere sealing key legislation (cf. v. 14, 21, 31).
עוֹלָם֙perpetualN m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Genitive of the construct chain (attributive: 'perpetual statute')עוֹלָם (H5769) 'long duration, antiquity, futurity'; completes 'perpetual statute', binding the feast on all future generations.
לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔םthroughout your generationsprep לְ + N m pl constr + 2mp suffix · דּוֹר (H1755)Prepositional phrase of temporal extentדּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'; the standard formula marking a law's binding continuity across successive generations, paired here with עוֹלָם for double emphasis.
בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁin the monthprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Temporal prepositional phraseחֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month'; reiterates the feast's fixed monthly placement once more, closing the verse with the timing detail.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖יthe seventhart + ordinal adj m sg abs · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying הַחֹדֶשׁשְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh'; the month is fixed once more, forestalling any later variation.
תָּחֹ֥גּוּyou shall keep it as a feastQal impf 2mp · חָגַג (H2287)Predicate verb (main clause, restating the command)→ Yiqtol: modal/injunctive — reiterates the standing obligationחָגַג (H2287) 'to celebrate a pilgrimage-feast'; the third occurrence of the root in this short span (vv. 39, 41 twice), driving home its centrality.
אֹתֽוֹ[obj] itobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (referring back to the feast)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi with suffix; closes the verse, resuming the feast as object of תָּחֹגּוּ.
42

בַּסֻּכֹּ֥ת תֵּשְׁב֖וּ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים כָּל הָֽאֶזְרָח֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יֵשְׁב֖וּ בַּסֻּכֹּֽת

You shall dwell in booths seven days; every native-born in Israel shall dwell in booths,

Core rite: the booth-dwelling commandasyndeton
The verse's inclusio (בַּסֻּכֹּת ... בַּסֻּכֹּת) frames the feast's namesake and most distinctive rite, binding every native-born Israelite before v. 43 supplies its historical rationale.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בַּסֻּכֹּ֥תin boothsprep בְּ + art + N f pl abs · סֻכָּה (H5521)Locative prepositional phrase, fronted for emphasisסֻכָּה (H5521) 'booth, hut'; fronted for emphasis, introducing the feast's namesake rite — dwelling in temporary shelters, explained historically in v. 43.
תֵּשְׁב֖וּyou shall dwellQal impf 2mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (main clause, command)→ Yiqtol: modal/injunctive — the enduring obligation to dwell in boothsיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell, remain'; the feast's central, distinctive rite — commemorative wilderness lodging in temporary shelters.
שִׁבְעַ֣תsevennumeral card f sg constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct numeral heading adverbial accusative of durationשֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; the same duration applies to booth-dwelling as to the whole feast.
יָמִ֑יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes 'seven days'.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of the subject noun phrase (fronted)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; totalizes the subject 'every native-born'.
הָֽאֶזְרָח֙the native-bornart + N m sg abs · אֶזְרָח (H249)Genitive of the construct chain, subject of יֵשְׁבוּאֶזְרָח (H249) 'native, home-born'; designates the full citizen-Israelite, in contrast to the גֵּר 'sojourner' elsewhere in the chapter (v. 22) — here every such native is bound to the booth-dwelling rite.
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לin Israelprep בְּ + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Prepositional phrase further specifying the subjectיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); 'the native-born in Israel', specifying the community bound to this observance.
יֵשְׁב֖וּshall dwellQal impf 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (main clause, restating the command in third person)→ Yiqtol: modal/injunctive — restates the obligation distributively for every nativeיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell'; repeats the verb from earlier in the verse, now with כָּל הָאֶזְרָח as its explicit subject, universalizing the command.
בַּסֻּכֹּֽתin boothsprep בְּ + art + N f pl abs · סֻכָּה (H5521)Locative prepositional phraseסֻכָּה (H5521) 'booth'; repeats the term from the verse's opening, forming an inclusio around the verse.
43

לְמַעַן֮ יֵדְע֣וּ דֹרֹֽתֵיכֶם֒ כִּ֣י בַסֻּכּ֗וֹת הוֹשַׁ֨בְתִּי֙ אֶת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּהוֹצִיאִ֥י אוֹתָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם

so that your generations may know that I made the Israelites dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt; I am the LORD your God.

Rationale: historical/theological ground for the booth-dwelling riteasyndeton
The purpose clause reframes the outward agricultural festival of vv. 39-42 as a memorial of the wilderness sojourn, and the closing self-identification formula 'I am the LORD your God' seals both this rite and, penultimately, the whole chapter's legislative content before the narrative frame of v. 44 reports Moses' compliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
לְמַעַן֮so thatprep לְמַעַן · לְמַעַן (H4616)Introduces a purpose clause ('in order that')לְמַעַן (H4616) 'for the sake of, in order that'; introduces the historical-theological rationale for the booth-dwelling command.
יֵדְע֣וּmay knowQal impf 3mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb of the purpose clause→ Yiqtol: purposive/modal — the intended result of the commandיָדַע (H3045) 'to know'; the purpose of the whole rite is didactic — experiential knowledge passed down through observance, not mere information.
דֹרֹֽתֵיכֶם֒your generationsN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · דּוֹר (H1755)Subject of יֵדְעוּדּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'; the subject of the purpose clause — the rite exists to teach future Israelites, not merely the wilderness generation.
כִּ֣יthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Introduces the content clause (object of יֵדְעוּ)כִּי (H3588) 'that, because'; introduces the content to be known — the historical fact of wilderness booth-dwelling.
בַסֻּכּ֗וֹתin boothsprep בְּ + art + N f pl abs · סֻכָּה (H5521)Locative prepositional phrase, fronted for emphasisסֻכָּה (H5521) 'booth'; fronted for emphasis, matching the rite's location to its historical referent.
הוֹשַׁ֨בְתִּי֙I made dwellHiphil perf 1cs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb of the כִּי-clause (main historical claim)→ Perfective: a completed act in Israel's founding historyיָשַׁב (H3427), Hiphil 'to cause to dwell, settle'; God is the subject who caused Israel to dwell in booths, making the festival a memorial of divine care in the wilderness.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל as the definite object of הוֹשַׁבְתִּי.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object, head of construct chainבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct plural in בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, 'the Israelites', the object of God's wilderness care.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); the whole people, recipients of God's wilderness provision.
בְּהוֹצִיאִ֥יwhen I brought outprep בְּ + Hiphil inf constr + 1cs suffix · יָצָא (H3318)Temporal infinitival clause ('when I brought out')→ Infinitive construct: temporal circumstanceיָצָא (H3318), Hiphil 'to bring out'; the exodus verb, dating the wilderness booth-dwelling to the period immediately following the departure from Egypt.
אוֹתָ֖ם[obj] themobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (object of בְּהוֹצִיאִי)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi with suffix; marks 'them' (the Israelites) as the object of the exodus-bringing-out.
מֵאֶ֣רֶץfrom the land ofprep מִן + N c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phrase of source, head of construct chainאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; construct with מִצְרַיִם, naming the point of departure of the exodus.
מִצְרָ֑יִםEgyptN proper · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive of the construct chainמִצְרַיִם (H4714), Egypt; the land of bondage from which the LORD brought Israel out into wilderness dependence on Him, memorialized by Booths.
אֲנִ֖יI (am)independent pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject/copula of the closing self-identification formulaאֲנִי (H589) 'I'; opens the self-identification formula אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם that closes the chapter's legislative material, grounding the whole calendar in the LORD's own authority.
יְהוָ֥הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Predicate noun in apposition to אֲנִייְהוָה (H3068); the covenant name, identifying the speaker as the same LORD who brought Israel out of Egypt.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽםyour GodN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Predicate noun in apposition, completing the self-identification formulaאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; with 2mp suffix, 'your God' — the standard covenant-formula closing legislative units, reasserting the personal, historical bond behind the command (cf. vv. 22, 43).
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וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת מֹעֲדֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה אֶל בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

So Moses declared to the Israelites the LORD's appointed times.

Narrative frame closing the chapterוַ
The chapter closes exactly as it opened (v. 1), with the wayyiqtol וַיְדַבֵּר, but now Moses rather than the LORD is the subject — the divine legislative address has been fully transmitted to Israel, and the narrative frame reports that transmission as accomplished fact, sealing the whole calendar of appointed times.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֣רand he declaredwaw-consec + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol, narrative main line closing the chapter)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696), Piel 'to speak, declare'; here uniquely with MOSES as subject rather than the LORD (contrast the identical verb opening every legislative unit at vv. 1, 9, 23, 26, 33, 34, all with YHWH as subject) — the chapter's narrative frame closes exactly as it began, but now reporting Moses' compliance in relaying the calendar to Israel.
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיְדַבֵּרמֹשֶׁה (H4872), the mediator of Sinai revelation; here, uniquely in this chapter, the SPEAKER rather than the addressee, marking his faithful transmission of the divine calendar to Israel.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking מֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה as the definite object of וַיְדַבֵּר.
מֹעֲדֵ֖יthe appointed times ofN m pl constr · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Direct object, head of construct chainמוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time'; the chapter's key term reappears one final time, summarizing everything Moses declared.
יְהוָ֑הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive of the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068); the appointed times remain His, even as Moses is the one who proclaims them to the people.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking the addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to'; introduces the recipients of Moses' declaration, closing the chapter's communication chain (LORD to Moses, Moses to Israel).
בְּנֵ֖יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Object of preposition אֶל, head of construct chainבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct plural in בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, 'the Israelites', the final recipients named in the chapter.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant people; the chapter's final word, closing the calendar's narrative frame with the community for whom it was given.