Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Lamentations, Chapter 3איכה 3

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Lamentations 3 (66 verses in the MT) opens: I the man has seen affliction by the rod of his wrath. The middle of the chapter continues: To crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earth, It closes: Persecute and destroy them in anger from under the heavens of YHWH.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Lamentations 3 comprises 66 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-14) — I the man has seen affliction by the rod of his wrath. I the man has seen affliction by the rod of his wrath. He has led me, and brought darkness, but not light. Surely against me is he turned; he turneth his hand all the day. My flesh and my skin has he made old; he has broken my bones. He has builded against me, and compassed with gall and travail. He has set me in dark places, as dead of old. He has hedged. Movement II (vv. 15-28) — He has filled me with bitterness, he has made me drunken with wormwood. He has filled me with bitterness, he has made me drunken with wormwood. He has also broken my teeth with gravel stones, he has covered me with ashes. And you have removed my soul far off from peace: I forgat prosperity. And I said, My strength and my hope is perished from YHWH: Remembering mine affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the gall. My soul. Movement III (vv. 29-42) — He putteth his mouth in the dust; if so be there may be hope. He putteth his mouth in the dust; if so be there may be hope. He giveth cheek to him that smiteth him: he is filled full with reproach. For YHWH will not cast off for ever: But though he cause grief, yet will he have compassion according to the multitude of his mercies. For he does not afflict willingly nor grieve the children of men. To crush under his. Movement IV (vv. 43-56) — You have covered with anger, and persecuted us: you have slain, you have. You have covered with anger, and persecuted us: you have slain, you have not pitied. You have covered thyself with a cloud, that prayer should not pass through. You have made us the offscouring and refuse in the midst of the people. All our enemies have opened their mouths against us. Fear and a snare is come upon us, desolation and destruction. Mine eye. Movement V (vv. 57-66) — You drewest near in the day I called upon you: you saidst, Fear not. You drewest near in the day I called upon you: you saidst, Fear not. O Lord, you have pleaded the causes of my soul; you have redeemed my life. O YHWH, you have seen my wrong: judge you my cause. You have seen all their vengeance all their imaginations against me. You have heard their reproach, O YHWH, all their imaginations against me; The lips of those. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

אֲנִ֤י הַגֶּ֨בֶר֙ רָאָ֣ה עֳנִ֔י בְּשֵׁ֖בֶט עֶבְרָתֽוֹ

I the man has seen affliction by the rod of his wrath.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'see'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֲנִ֤יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
הַגֶּ֨בֶר֙the manart + N com m sg abs · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'the man'.
רָאָ֣הseeQal perf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
עֳנִ֔יafflictionN c · עֳנִי (H6040)Construct chain (genitival)עֳנִי (H6040) 'affliction'.
בְּשֵׁ֖בֶטwith a rodprep + N com m sg constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'with a rod'.
עֶבְרָתֽוֹand their wrathN c · עֶבְרָה (H5678)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבְרָה (H5678) 'and their wrath'.
2

אוֹתִ֥י נָהַ֛ג וַיֹּלַ֖ךְ חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא אֽוֹר

He has led me, and brought darkness, but not light.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'drove/led'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אוֹתִ֥יmeobj marker + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'me'.
נָהַ֛גdrove/ledQal perf 3ms · נָהַג (H5090)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָהַג (H5090) 'drove/led'.
וַיֹּלַ֖ךְand he wentconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
חֹ֥שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אֽוֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
3

אַ֣ךְ בִּ֥י יָשֻׁ֛ב יַהֲפֹ֥ךְ יָד֖וֹ כָּל הַיּֽוֹם

Surely against me is he turned; he turneth his hand all the day.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they returned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַ֣ךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
בִּ֥יagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
יָשֻׁ֛בand they returnedQal impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and they returned'.
יַהֲפֹ֥ךְhas turnedQal impf 3ms · הָפַךְ (H2015)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
יָד֖וֹhis handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַיּֽוֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
4

בִּלָּ֤ה בְשָׂרִי֙ וְעוֹרִ֔י שִׁבַּ֖ר עַצְמוֹתָֽי

My flesh and my skin has he made old; he has broken my bones.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'wore out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
בִּלָּ֤הwore outPiel perf 3ms · בָּלָה (H1086)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּלָה (H1086) 'wore out'.
בְשָׂרִי֙fleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
וְעוֹרִ֔יskin ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · עוֹר (H5785)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹר (H5785) 'skin of'.
שִׁבַּ֖רbrokePiel perf 3ms · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַר (H7665) 'broke'.
עַצְמוֹתָֽיthe bones ofN c · עֶצֶם (H6106)Construct chain (genitival)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'the bones of'.
5

בָּנָ֥ה עָלַ֛י וַיַּקַּ֖ף רֹ֥אשׁ וּתְלָאָֽה

He has builded against me, and compassed with gall and travail.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'build'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
בָּנָ֥הbuildQal perf 3ms · בָּנָה (H1129)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּנָה (H1129) 'build'.
עָלַ֛יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
וַיַּקַּ֖ףcirclingconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָקַף (H5362)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָקַף (H5362) 'circling'.
רֹ֥אשׁpoisonN c · רֹאשׁ (H7219)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7219) 'poison'.
וּתְלָאָֽהthe hardshipconj וְ + N com f sg abs · תְּלָאָה (H8513)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּלָאָה (H8513) 'the hardship'.
6

בְּמַחֲשַׁכִּ֥ים הוֹשִׁיבַ֖נִי כְּמֵתֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם

He has set me in dark places, as dead of old.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'the inhabitants of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
בְּמַחֲשַׁכִּ֥יםinprep + N com m pl abs · מַחְשָׁךְ (H4285)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַחְשָׁךְ (H4285) 'in'.
הוֹשִׁיבַ֖נִיthe inhabitants ofHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
כְּמֵתֵ֥יand he diedprep + Qal ptc mp · מוּת (H4191)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
עוֹלָֽםperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
7

גָּדַ֧ר בַּעֲדִ֛י וְלֹ֥א אֵצֵ֖א הִכְבִּ֥יד נְחָשְׁתִּֽי

He has hedged me about, that I cannot get out: he has made my chain heavy.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he has walled up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
גָּדַ֧רhe has walled upQal perf 3ms · גָּדַר (H1443)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַר (H1443) 'he has walled up'.
בַּעֲדִ֛יfor meprep + sfx 1cs · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'for me'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אֵצֵ֖אI will go outQal impf 1cs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'I will go out'.
הִכְבִּ֥ידand he hardenedHiphil perf 3ms · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּבֵד (H3513) 'and he hardened'.
נְחָשְׁתִּֽיbronzeN c · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Construct chain (genitival)נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178) 'bronze'.
8

גַּ֣ם כִּ֤י אֶזְעַק֙ וַאֲשַׁוֵּ֔עַ שָׂתַ֖ם תְּפִלָּתִֽי

Also when I cry and shout, he shutteth out my prayer.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they cried out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
גַּ֣םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֶזְעַק֙and they cried outQal impf 1cs · זָעַק (H2199)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָעַק (H2199) 'and they cried out'.
וַאֲשַׁוֵּ֔עַI cry for helpconj וְ + Piel impf 1cs · שִׁוַּע (H7768)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׁוַּע (H7768) 'I cry for help'.
שָׂתַ֖םstopped them upQal perf 3ms · סָתַם (H5640)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָתַם (H5640) 'stopped them up'.
תְּפִלָּתִֽיprayerN c · תְּפִלָּה (H8605)Construct chain (genitival)תְּפִלָּה (H8605) 'prayer'.
9

גָּדַ֤ר דְּרָכַי֙ בְּגָזִ֔ית נְתִיבֹתַ֖י עִוָּֽה

He has inclosed my ways with hewn stone, he has made my paths crooked.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he has walled up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
גָּדַ֤רhe has walled upQal perf 3ms · גָּדַר (H1443)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַר (H1443) 'he has walled up'.
דְּרָכַי֙my wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
בְּגָזִ֔יתhewn stoneprep + N com f sg abs · גָּזִית (H1496)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּזִית (H1496) 'hewn stone'.
נְתִיבֹתַ֖יmy pathsN c · נְתִיבָה (H5410)Construct chain (genitival)נְתִיבָה (H5410) 'my paths'.
עִוָּֽהdo amissPiel perf 3ms · עָוָה (H5753)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָוָה (H5753) 'do amiss'.
10

דֹּ֣ב אֹרֵ֥ב הוּא֙ לִ֔י אריה אֲרִ֖י בְּמִסְתָּרִֽים

He to me a bear lying in wait, a lion in secret places.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'an ambush'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
דֹּ֣בbearN c · דֹּב (H1677)Construct chain (genitival)דֹּב (H1677) 'bear'.
אֹרֵ֥בan ambushQal ptc ms · אָרַב (H693)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַב (H693) 'an ambush'.
הוּא֙hepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
לִ֔יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
אריהa lionN c · אַרְיֵה (H738)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
אֲרִ֖יa lionN c · אַרְיֵה (H738)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
בְּמִסְתָּרִֽיםsecret(-lyprep + N com m pl abs · מִסְתָּר (H4565)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְתָּר (H4565) 'secret(-ly'.
11

דְּרָכַ֥י סוֹרֵ֛ר וַֽיְפַשְּׁחֵ֖נִי שָׂמַ֥נִי שֹׁמֵֽם

He has turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces: he has made me desolate.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he shall remove it'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
דְּרָכַ֥יmy wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
סוֹרֵ֛רhe shall remove itPolel perf 3ms · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסוּר (H5493) 'he shall remove it'.
וַֽיְפַשְּׁחֵ֖נִיandconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 1cs · פָּשַׁח (H6582)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּשַׁח (H6582) 'and'.
שָׂמַ֥נִיhas made meQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'has made me'.
שֹׁמֵֽםandQal ptc ms · שָׁמֵם (H8076)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמֵם (H8076) 'and'.
12

דָּרַ֤ךְ קַשְׁתוֹ֙ וַיַּצִּיבֵ֔נִי כַּמַּטָּרָ֖א לַחֵֽץ

He has bent his bow, and set me as a mark for the arrow.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he trod'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
דָּרַ֤ךְhe trodQal perf 3ms · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
קַשְׁתוֹ֙his bowN c · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Construct chain (genitival)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'his bow'.
וַיַּצִּיבֵ֔נִיstandingconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 1cs · נָצַב (H5324)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָצַב (H5324) 'standing'.
כַּמַּטָּרָ֖אtoprep + art + N com f sg abs · מַטָּרָא (H4307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַטָּרָא (H4307) 'to'.
לַחֵֽץmy arrowsprep + art + N com m sg abs · חֵץ (H2671)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵץ (H2671) 'my arrows'.
13

הֵבִיא֙ בְּכִלְיוֹתָ֔י בְּנֵ֖י אַשְׁפָּתֽוֹ

He has caused the arrows of his quiver to enter into my reins.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he might bring in'.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
הֵבִיא֙he might bring inHiphil perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'he might bring in'.
בְּכִלְיוֹתָ֔יthe kidneysprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 1cs · כִּלְיָה (H3629)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כִּלְיָה (H3629) 'the kidneys'.
בְּנֵ֖יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
אַשְׁפָּתֽוֹquiverN c · אַשְׁפָּה (H827)Construct chain (genitival)אַשְׁפָּה (H827) 'quiver'.
14

הָיִ֤יתִי שְּׂחֹק֙ לְכָל עַמִּ֔י נְגִינָתָ֖ם כָּל הַיּֽוֹם

I was a derision to all my people; their song all the day.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have been'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הָיִ֤יתִיI have beenQal perf 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'I have been'.
שְּׂחֹק֙toN c · שְׂחוֹק (H7814)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂחוֹק (H7814) 'to'.
לְכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
עַמִּ֔יmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
נְגִינָתָ֖םandN c · נְגִינָה (H5058)Construct chain (genitival)נְגִינָה (H5058) 'and'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַיּֽוֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
15

הִשְׂבִּיעַ֥נִי בַמְּרוֹרִ֖ים הִרְוַ֥נִי לַעֲנָֽה

He has filled me with bitterness, he has made me drunken with wormwood.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and be satisfied'.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
הִשְׂבִּיעַ֥נִיand be satisfiedHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
בַמְּרוֹרִ֖יםbitter herbsprep + art + N com m pl abs · מְרֹרִים (H4844)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְרֹרִים (H4844) 'bitter herbs'.
הִרְוַ֥נִיbatheHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · רָוָה (H7301)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָוָה (H7301) 'bathe'.
לַעֲנָֽהand wormwoodN c · לַעֲנָה (H3939)Construct chain (genitival)לַעֲנָה (H3939) 'and wormwood'.
16

וַיַּגְרֵ֤ס בֶּֽחָצָץ֙ שִׁנָּ֔י הִכְפִּישַׁ֖נִי בָּאֵֽפֶר

He has also broken my teeth with gravel stones, he has covered me with ashes.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'break'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיַּגְרֵ֤סbreakconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · גָּרַס (H1638)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּרַס (H1638) 'break'.
בֶּֽחָצָץ֙arrowprep + art + N com m sg abs · חָצָץ (H2687)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָצָץ (H2687) 'arrow'.
שִׁנָּ֔יmy teethN c · שֵׁן (H8127)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁן (H8127) 'my teeth'.
הִכְפִּישַׁ֖נִיcoverHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · כָּפַשׁ (H3728)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּפַשׁ (H3728) 'cover'.
בָּאֵֽפֶרthe ashes ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · אֵפֶר (H665)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵפֶר (H665) 'the ashes of'.
17

וַתִּזְנַ֧ח מִשָּׁל֛וֹם נַפְשִׁ֖י נָשִׁ֥יתִי טוֹבָֽה

And you have removed my soul far off from peace: I forgat prosperity.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַתִּזְנַ֧חandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · זָנַח (H2186)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceזָנַח (H2186) 'and'.
מִשָּׁל֛וֹםpeaceprep + N com m sg abs · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
נַפְשִׁ֖יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
נָשִׁ֥יתִיhas made me forgetQal perf 1cs · נָשָׁה (H5382)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשָׁה (H5382) 'has made me forget'.
טוֹבָֽהgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
18

וָאֹמַר֙ אָבַ֣ד נִצְחִ֔י וְתוֹחַלְתִּ֖י מֵיְהוָֽה

And I said, My strength and my hope is perished from YHWH:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וָאֹמַר֙and I saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
אָבַ֣דutterlyQal perf 3ms · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבַד (H6) 'utterly'.
נִצְחִ֔יalwayN c · נֶצַח (H5331)Construct chain (genitival)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
וְתוֹחַלְתִּ֖יhopeconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · תּוֹחֶלֶת (H8431)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹחֶלֶת (H8431) 'hope'.
מֵיְהוָֽהfrom YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'from YHWH'.
19

זְכָר עָנְיִ֥י וּמְרוּדִ֖י לַעֲנָ֥ה וָרֹֽאשׁ

Remembering mine affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the gall.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'Remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
זְכָרRememberQal impv 2ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
עָנְיִ֥יmy afflictionN c · עֳנִי (H6040)Construct chain (genitival)עֳנִי (H6040) 'my affliction'.
וּמְרוּדִ֖יcast outconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · מָרוּד (H4788)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָרוּד (H4788) 'cast out'.
לַעֲנָ֥הand wormwoodN c · לַעֲנָה (H3939)Construct chain (genitival)לַעֲנָה (H3939) 'and wormwood'.
וָרֹֽאשׁand the poison ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · רֹאשׁ (H7219)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7219) 'and the poison of'.
20

זָכ֣וֹר תִּזְכּ֔וֹר ותשיח וְתָשׁ֥וֹחַ עָלַ֖י נַפְשִֽׁי

My soul has still in remembrance, and is humbled in me.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
זָכ֣וֹרrememberQal inf abs · זָכַר (H2142)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionזָכַר (H2142) 'remember'.
תִּזְכּ֔וֹרand you shall rememberQal impf 3fs · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָכַר (H2142) 'and you shall remember'.
ותשיחbow downconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3fs · שׁוּחַ (H7743)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּחַ (H7743) 'bow down'.
וְתָשׁ֥וֹחַbow downconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs · שׁוּחַ (H7743)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּחַ (H7743) 'bow down'.
עָלַ֖יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
נַפְשִֽׁיmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
21

זֹ֛את אָשִׁ֥יב אֶל לִבִּ֖י עַל כֵּ֥ן אוֹחִֽיל

This I recall to my mind, therefore have I hope.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will render'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
זֹ֛אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
אָשִׁ֥יבI will renderHiphil impf 1cs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'I will render'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
לִבִּ֖יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֥ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אוֹחִֽילand he waitedHiphil impf 1cs · יָחַל (H3176)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָחַל (H3176) 'and he waited'.
22

חַֽסְדֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ כִּ֣י לֹא תָ֔מְנוּ כִּ֥י לֹא כָל֖וּ רַחֲמָֽיו

YHWH's mercies that we are not consumed, because his compassions fail not.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'have we finished'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
חַֽסְדֵ֤יkindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תָ֔מְנוּhave we finishedQal perf 1cp · תָּמַם (H8552)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actתָּמַם (H8552) 'have we finished'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
כָל֖וּfinish!Qal perf 3cp · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּלָה (H3615) 'finish!'.
רַחֲמָֽיוhis compassionsN c · רַחֲמִים (H7356)Construct chain (genitival)רַחֲמִים (H7356) 'his compassions'.
23

חֲדָשִׁים֙ לַבְּקָרִ֔ים רַבָּ֖ה אֱמוּנָתֶֽךָ

new every morning: great your faithfulness.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
חֲדָשִׁים֙newAdj · חָדָשׁ (H2319)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָדָשׁ (H2319) 'new'.
לַבְּקָרִ֔יםin the morningprep + art + N com m pl abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
רַבָּ֖הgreatAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'great'.
אֱמוּנָתֶֽךָfaithfulnessN c · אֱמוּנָה (H530)Construct chain (genitival)אֱמוּנָה (H530) 'faithfulness'.
24

חֶלְקִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אָמְרָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֔י עַל כֵּ֖ן אוֹחִ֥יל לֽוֹ

YHWH my portion, says my soul; therefore will I hope in him.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'she said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
חֶלְקִ֤יportionN c · חֵלֶק (H2506)Construct chain (genitival)חֵלֶק (H2506) 'portion'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אָמְרָ֣הshe saidQal perf 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'she said'.
נַפְשִׁ֔יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֖ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אוֹחִ֥ילand he waitedHiphil impf 1cs · יָחַל (H3176)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָחַל (H3176) 'and he waited'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
25

ט֤וֹב יְהוָה֙ לְקוָֹ֔ו לְנֶ֖פֶשׁ תִּדְרְשֶֽׁנּוּ

YHWH good to them that wait for him, to the soul seeketh him.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'let be gathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ט֤וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לְקוָֹ֔וlet be gatheredprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3ms · קָוָה (H6960)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
לְנֶ֖פֶשׁby a corpseprep + N com c sg abs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'by a corpse'.
תִּדְרְשֶֽׁנּוּyou seek himQal impf 3fs + sfx 3ms · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'you seek him'.
26

ט֤וֹב וְיָחִיל֙ וְדוּמָ֔ם לִתְשׁוּעַ֖ת יְהוָֽה

good that should both hope and quietly wait for the salvation of YHWH.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ט֤וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וְיָחִיל֙andconj וְ + Adj · יָחִיל (H3175)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָחִיל (H3175) 'and'.
וְדוּמָ֔םdumbconj וְ + art · דּוּמָם (H1748)Particle or relational elementדּוּמָם (H1748) 'dumb'.
לִתְשׁוּעַ֖תdeliveranceprep + N com f sg constr · תְּשׁוּעָה (H8668)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּשׁוּעָה (H8668) 'deliverance'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
27

ט֣וֹב לַגֶּ֔בֶר כִּֽי יִשָּׂ֥א עֹ֖ל בִּנְעוּרָֽיו

good for a man that he bear the yoke in his youth.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'carries'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ט֣וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
לַגֶּ֔בֶרa manprep + art + N com m sg abs · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יִשָּׂ֥אcarriesQal impf 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'carries'.
עֹ֖לa yoke ofN c · עֹל (H5923)Construct chain (genitival)עֹל (H5923) 'a yoke of'.
בִּנְעוּרָֽיוin her youthprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · נַעַר (H5271)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5271) 'in her youth'.
28

יֵשֵׁ֤ב בָּדָד֙ וְיִדֹּ֔ם כִּ֥י נָטַ֖ל עָלָֽיו

He sitteth alone and keepeth silence, because he has borne upon him.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'dwelling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יֵשֵׁ֤בdwellingQal jussive 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
בָּדָד֙aloneN c · בָּדָד (H910)Construct chain (genitival)בָּדָד (H910) 'alone'.
וְיִדֹּ֔םand it was stillconj וְ + Qal jussive 3ms · דָּמַם (H1826)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalדָּמַם (H1826) 'and it was still'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נָטַ֖לbearQal perf 3ms · נָטַל (H5190)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָטַל (H5190) 'bear'.
עָלָֽיוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
29

יִתֵּ֤ן בֶּֽעָפָר֙ פִּ֔יהוּ אוּלַ֖י יֵ֥שׁ תִּקְוָֽה

He putteth his mouth in the dust; if so be there may be hope.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'would give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יִתֵּ֤ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
בֶּֽעָפָר֙with earthprep + art + N com m sg abs · עָפָר (H6083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָפָר (H6083) 'with earth'.
פִּ֔יהוּhis mouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'his mouth'.
אוּלַ֖יperhapsart · אוּלַי (H194)Particle or relational elementאוּלַי (H194) 'perhaps'.
יֵ֥שׁthere isadv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'there is'.
תִּקְוָֽהthe cord ofN c · תִּקְוָה (H8615)Construct chain (genitival)תִּקְוָה (H8615) 'the cord of'.
30

יִתֵּ֧ן לְמַכֵּ֛הוּ לֶ֖חִי יִשְׂבַּ֥ע בְּחֶרְפָּֽה

He giveth cheek to him that smiteth him: he is filled full with reproach.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'would give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
יִתֵּ֧ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
לְמַכֵּ֛הוּand he struckprep + Hiphil ptc ms + sfx 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
לֶ֖חִיand the two cheeksN c · לְחִי (H3895)Construct chain (genitival)לְחִי (H3895) 'and the two cheeks'.
יִשְׂבַּ֥עand be satisfiedQal jussive 3ms · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
בְּחֶרְפָּֽהa reproachprep + N com f sg abs · חֶרְפָּה (H2781)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרְפָּה (H2781) 'a reproach'.
31

כִּ֣י לֹ֥א יִזְנַ֛ח לְעוֹלָ֖ם אֲדֹנָֽי

For YHWH will not cast off for ever:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִזְנַ֛חandQal impf 3ms · זָנַח (H2186)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָנַח (H2186) 'and'.
לְעוֹלָ֖םforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
אֲדֹנָֽיmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
32

כִּ֣י אִם הוֹגָ֔ה וְרִחַ֖ם כְּרֹ֥ב חסדו חֲסָדָֽיו

But though he cause grief, yet will he have compassion according to the multitude of his mercies.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'will you torment'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
הוֹגָ֔הwill you tormentHiphil perf 3ms · יָגָה (H3013)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָגָה (H3013) 'will you torment'.
וְרִחַ֖םand have compassion on youconj וְ + Piel q 3ms · רָחַם (H7355)Particle or relational elementרָחַם (H7355) 'and have compassion on you'.
כְּרֹ֥בfor multitudeprep + N com c sg constr · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'for multitude'.
חסדוhis covenant kindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'his covenant kindness'.
חֲסָדָֽיוkindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
33

כִּ֣י לֹ֤א עִנָּה֙ מִלִּבּ֔וֹ וַיַּגֶּ֖ה בְנֵי אִֽישׁ

For he does not afflict willingly nor grieve the children of men.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he violated'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
עִנָּה֙he violatedPiel perf 3ms · עָנָה (H6031)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָנָה (H6031) 'he violated'.
מִלִּבּ֔וֹhis heartprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
וַיַּגֶּ֖הwill you tormentconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · יָגָה (H3013)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָגָה (H3013) 'will you torment'.
בְנֵיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
אִֽישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
34

לְדַכֵּא֙ תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל אֲסִ֥ירֵי אָֽרֶץ

To crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earth,

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and crush me'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לְדַכֵּא֙and crush meprep + Piel inf constr · דָּכָא (H1792)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementדָּכָא (H1792) 'and crush me'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
רַגְלָ֔יוhis feetN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'his feet'.
כֹּ֖לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲסִ֥ירֵיthe prisoners ofN c · אָסִיר (H615)Construct chain (genitival)אָסִיר (H615) 'the prisoners of'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
35

לְהַטּוֹת֙ מִשְׁפַּט גָּ֔בֶר נֶ֖גֶד פְּנֵ֥י עֶלְיֽוֹן

To turn aside the right of a man before the face of the most High,

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'stretch out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לְהַטּוֹת֙stretch outprep + Hiphil inf constr · נָטָה (H5186)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
מִשְׁפַּטjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
גָּ֔בֶרa manN c · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
נֶ֖גֶדbeforeprep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'before'.
פְּנֵ֥יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
עֶלְיֽוֹןMost HighAdj · עֶלְיוֹן (H5945)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶלְיוֹן (H5945) 'Most High'.
36

לְעַוֵּ֤ת אָדָם֙ בְּרִיב֔וֹ אֲדֹנָ֖י לֹ֥א רָאָֽה

To subvert a man in his cause, YHWH approveth not.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'has bent/wronged me'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לְעַוֵּ֤תhas bent/wronged meprep + Piel inf constr · עִוֵּת (H5791)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעִוֵּת (H5791) 'has bent/wronged me'.
אָדָם֙manN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
בְּרִיב֔וֹin his disputeprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · רִיב (H7379)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִיב (H7379) 'in his dispute'.
אֲדֹנָ֖יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
רָאָֽהseeQal perf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
37

מִ֣י זֶ֤ה אָמַר֙ וַתֶּ֔הִי אֲדֹנָ֖י לֹ֥א צִוָּֽה

Who he says, and it cometh to pass, YHWH commandeth not?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
זֶ֤הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
אָמַר֙he saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
וַתֶּ֔הִיand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
אֲדֹנָ֖יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
צִוָּֽהcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) 'commanded'.
38

מִפִּ֤י עֶלְיוֹן֙ לֹ֣א תֵצֵ֔א הָרָע֖וֹת וְהַטּֽוֹב

Out of the mouth of the most High proceedeth not evil and good?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you go out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מִפִּ֤יfrom the mouth ofprep + N com m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'from the mouth of'.
עֶלְיוֹן֙Most HighAdj · עֶלְיוֹן (H5945)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶלְיוֹן (H5945) 'Most High'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תֵצֵ֔אyou go outQal impf 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'you go out'.
הָרָע֖וֹתthe evilsart + N com f pl abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evils'.
וְהַטּֽוֹבand the goodconj וְ + art + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'and the good'.
39

מַה יִּתְאוֹנֵן֙ אָדָ֣ם חָ֔י גֶּ֖בֶר עַל חטאו חֲטָאָֽיו

Wherefore does a living man complain, a man for the punishment of his sins?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'like ones complaining'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
יִּתְאוֹנֵן֙like ones complainingHithpolel impf 3ms · אָנַן (H596)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָנַן (H596) 'like ones complaining'.
אָדָ֣םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
חָ֔יaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
גֶּ֖בֶרa manN c · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
חטאוhis sinN c · חֵטְא (H2399)Construct chain (genitival)חֵטְא (H2399) 'his sin'.
חֲטָאָֽיוsinN c · חֵטְא (H2399)Construct chain (genitival)חֵטְא (H2399) 'sin'.
40

נַחְפְּשָׂ֤ה דְרָכֵ֨ינוּ֙ וְֽנַחְקֹ֔רָה וְנָשׁ֖וּבָה עַד יְהוָֽה

Let us search and try our ways, and turn again to YHWH.

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'and he searched'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
נַחְפְּשָׂ֤הand he searchedQal cohortative 1cp · חָפַשׂ (H2664)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalחָפַשׂ (H2664) 'and he searched'.
דְרָכֵ֨ינוּ֙on the wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
וְֽנַחְקֹ֔רָהand searchconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · חָקַר (H2713)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalחָקַר (H2713) 'and search'.
וְנָשׁ֖וּבָהand we will returnconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and we will return'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
41

נִשָּׂ֤א לְבָבֵ֨נוּ֙ אֶל כַּפָּ֔יִם אֶל אֵ֖ל בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם

Let us lift up our heart with hands to God in the heavens.

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'lifts up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
נִשָּׂ֤אlifts upQal cohortative 1cp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
לְבָבֵ֨נוּ֙our heartN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'our heart'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
כַּפָּ֔יִםa pan ofN c · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֵ֖לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
בַּשָּׁמָֽיִםin the heavensprep + art + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'in the heavens'.
42

נַ֤חְנוּ פָשַׁ֨עְנוּ֙ וּמָרִ֔ינוּ אַתָּ֖ה לֹ֥א סָלָֽחְתָּ

We have transgressed and have rebelled: you have not pardoned.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
נַ֤חְנוּwe arepron 1cp · נַחְנוּ (H5168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַחְנוּ (H5168) 'we are'.
פָשַׁ֨עְנוּ֙andQal perf 1cp · פָּשַׁע (H6586)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּשַׁע (H6586) 'and'.
וּמָרִ֔ינוּyou rebelledconj וְ + Qal perf 1cp · מָרָה (H4784)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָרָה (H4784) 'you rebelled'.
אַתָּ֖הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
סָלָֽחְתָּand he shall be forgivenQal perf 2ms · סָלַח (H5545)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָלַח (H5545) 'and he shall be forgiven'.
43

סַכֹּ֤תָה בָאַף֙ וַֽתִּרְדְּפֵ֔נוּ הָרַ֖גְתָּ לֹ֥א חָמָֽלְתָּ

You have covered with anger, and persecuted us: you have slain, you have not pitied.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'covering'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
סַכֹּ֤תָהcoveringQal perf 2ms · סָכַךְ (H5526)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָכַךְ (H5526) 'covering'.
בָאַף֙in angerprep + N com m sg abs · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'in anger'.
וַֽתִּרְדְּפֵ֔נוּand they pursuedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms + sfx 1cp · רָדַף (H7291)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָדַף (H7291) 'and they pursued'.
הָרַ֖גְתָּyou killedQal perf 2ms · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָרַג (H2026) 'you killed'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
חָמָֽלְתָּyou shall spareQal perf 2ms · חָמַל (H2550)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָמַל (H2550) 'you shall spare'.
44

סַכּ֤וֹתָה בֶֽעָנָן֙ לָ֔ךְ מֵעֲב֖וֹר תְּפִלָּֽה

You have covered thyself with a cloud, that prayer should not pass through.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'covering'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
סַכּ֤וֹתָהcoveringQal perf 2ms · סָכַךְ (H5526)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָכַךְ (H5526) 'covering'.
בֶֽעָנָן֙in the cloudprep + art + N com m sg abs · עָנָן (H6051)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנָן (H6051) 'in the cloud'.
לָ֔ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
מֵעֲב֖וֹרare crossingprep + Qal inf constr · עָבַר (H5674)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָבַר (H5674) 'are crossing'.
תְּפִלָּֽהprayerN c · תְּפִלָּה (H8605)Construct chain (genitival)תְּפִלָּה (H8605) 'prayer'.
45

סְחִ֧י וּמָא֛וֹס תְּשִׂימֵ֖נוּ בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָעַמִּֽים

You have made us the offscouring and refuse in the midst of the people.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
סְחִ֧יoffscouringN c · סְחִי (H5501)Construct chain (genitival)סְחִי (H5501) 'offscouring'.
וּמָא֛וֹסandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מָאוֹס (H3973)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָאוֹס (H3973) 'and'.
תְּשִׂימֵ֖נוּand he setQal impf 2ms + sfx 1cp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
בְּקֶ֥רֶבin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in the midst of'.
הָעַמִּֽיםthe peoplesart + N com m pl abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the peoples'.
46

פָּצ֥וּ עָלֵ֛ינוּ פִּיהֶ֖ם כָּל אֹיְבֵֽינוּ

All our enemies have opened their mouths against us.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'opened'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
פָּצ֥וּopenedQal perf 3cp · פָּצָה (H6475)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּצָה (H6475) 'opened'.
עָלֵ֛ינוּupon usprep + sfx 1cp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon us'.
פִּיהֶ֖םtheir wordN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'their word'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֹיְבֵֽינוּyour enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 1cp · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
47

פַּ֧חַד וָפַ֛חַת הָ֥יָה לָ֖נוּ הַשֵּׁ֥את וְהַשָּֽׁבֶר

Fear and a snare is come upon us, desolation and destruction.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
פַּ֧חַדthe dread of youN c · פַּחַד (H6343)Construct chain (genitival)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
וָפַ֛חַתholeconj וְ + N com m sg abs · פַּחַת (H6354)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּחַת (H6354) 'hole'.
הָ֥יָהwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
לָ֖נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
הַשֵּׁ֥אתdesolationart + N com f sg abs · שֵׁאת (H7612)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁאת (H7612) 'desolation'.
וְהַשָּֽׁבֶרa fracture ofconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · שֶׁבֶר (H7667)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבֶר (H7667) 'a fracture of'.
48

פַּלְגֵי מַ֨יִם֙ תֵּרַ֣ד עֵינִ֔י עַל שֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת עַמִּֽי

Mine eye runneth down with rivers of water for the destruction of the daughter of my people.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you will go down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
פַּלְגֵיriverN c · פֶּלֶג (H6388)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּלֶג (H6388) 'river'.
מַ֨יִם֙waterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
תֵּרַ֣דyou will go downQal impf 3fs · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַד (H3381) 'you will go down'.
עֵינִ֔יthe eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שֶׁ֖בֶרa fracture ofN c · שֶׁבֶר (H7667)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁבֶר (H7667) 'a fracture of'.
בַּתdaughter ofN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
עַמִּֽיmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
49

עֵינִ֧י נִגְּרָ֛ה וְלֹ֥א תִדְמֶ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין הֲפֻגֽוֹת

Mine eye trickleth down, and ceaseth not, without any intermission,

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'cease'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עֵינִ֧יthe eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
נִגְּרָ֛הfallN · נָגַר (H5064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָגַר (H5064) 'fall'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תִדְמֶ֖הceaseQal impf 3fs · דָּמָה (H1820)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּמָה (H1820) 'cease'.
מֵאֵ֥יןthere is notprep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
הֲפֻגֽוֹתintermissionN c · הֲפֻגָה (H2014)Construct chain (genitival)הֲפֻגָה (H2014) 'intermission'.
50

עַד יַשְׁקִ֣יף וְיֵ֔רֶא יְהוָ֖ה מִשָּׁמָֽיִם

Till YHWH look down, and behold from heaven.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'which looks down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
יַשְׁקִ֣יףwhich looks downHiphil impf 3ms · שָׁקַף (H8259)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁקַף (H8259) 'which looks down'.
וְיֵ֔רֶאand he sawconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִשָּׁמָֽיִםthe heavensprep + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
51

עֵינִי֙ עֽוֹלְלָ֣ה לְנַפְשִׁ֔י מִכֹּ֖ל בְּנ֥וֹת עִירִֽי

Mine eye affecteth mine heart because of all the daughters of my city.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you shall glean it a second time'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עֵינִי֙the eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
עֽוֹלְלָ֣הyou shall glean it a second timePoel perf 3fs · עָלַל (H5953)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלַל (H5953) 'you shall glean it a second time'.
לְנַפְשִׁ֔יyour soulprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
מִכֹּ֖לfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'from all'.
בְּנ֥וֹתdaughtersN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughters'.
עִירִֽיthe cityN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
52

צ֥וֹד צָד֛וּנִי כַּצִּפּ֖וֹר אֹיְבַ֥י חִנָּֽם

Mine enemies chased me sore, like a bird, without cause.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'and hunt'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
צ֥וֹדand huntQal inf abs · צוּד (H6679)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionצוּד (H6679) 'and hunt'.
צָד֛וּנִיand huntQal perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · צוּד (H6679)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצוּד (H6679) 'and hunt'.
כַּצִּפּ֖וֹרthe birdprep + art + N com c sg abs · צִפּוֹר (H6833)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִפּוֹר (H6833) 'the bird'.
אֹיְבַ֥יmy enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'my enemies'.
חִנָּֽםfor nothingart · חִנָּם (H2600)Particle or relational elementחִנָּם (H2600) 'for nothing'.
53

צָֽמְת֤וּ בַבּוֹר֙ חַיָּ֔י וַיַּדּוּ אֶ֖בֶן בִּֽי

They have cut off my life in the dungeon, and cast a stone upon me.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
צָֽמְת֤וּandQal perf 3cp · צָמַת (H6789)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצָמַת (H6789) 'and'.
בַבּוֹר֙in the pitprep + art + N com m sg abs · בּוֹר (H953)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בּוֹר (H953) 'in the pit'.
חַיָּ֔יthe life ofN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'the life of'.
וַיַּדּוּI will praiseconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · יָדָה (H3034)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָדָה (H3034) 'I will praise'.
אֶ֖בֶןa stoneN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'a stone'.
בִּֽיagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
54

צָֽפוּ מַ֥יִם עַל רֹאשִׁ֖י אָמַ֥רְתִּי נִגְזָֽרְתִּי

Waters flowed over mine head; I said, I am cut off.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he made flow/overflow'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
צָֽפוּhe made flow/overflowQal perf 3cp · צוּף (H6687)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצוּף (H6687) 'he made flow/overflow'.
מַ֥יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רֹאשִׁ֖יthe heads ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the heads of'.
אָמַ֥רְתִּיI saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'I said'.
נִגְזָֽרְתִּיcut downN · גָּזַר (H1504)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּזַר (H1504) 'cut down'.
55

קָרָ֤אתִי שִׁמְךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה מִבּ֖וֹר תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת

I called upon your name, O YHWH, out of the low dungeon.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
קָרָ֤אתִיI have calledQal perf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'I have called'.
שִׁמְךָ֙your nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'your name'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִבּ֖וֹרthe pitprep + N com m sg constr · בּוֹר (H953)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בּוֹר (H953) 'the pit'.
תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹתthe lowerAdj · תַּחְתִּי (H8482)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּחְתִּי (H8482) 'the lower'.
56

קוֹלִ֖י שָׁמָ֑עְתָּ אַל תַּעְלֵ֧ם אָזְנְךָ֛ לְרַוְחָתִ֖י לְשַׁוְעָתִֽי

You have heard my voice: hide not your ear at my breathing, at my cry.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you obeyed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
קוֹלִ֖יmy voiceN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'my voice'.
שָׁמָ֑עְתָּyou obeyedQal perf 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'you obeyed'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּעְלֵ֧םand it is hiddenHiphil jussive 2ms · עָלַם (H5956)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָלַם (H5956) 'and it is hidden'.
אָזְנְךָ֛in the ears ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
לְרַוְחָתִ֖יthe reliefprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · רְוָחָה (H7309)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְוָחָה (H7309) 'the relief'.
לְשַׁוְעָתִֽיtheir cryprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · שַׁוְעָה (H7775)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁוְעָה (H7775) 'their cry'.
57

קָרַ֨בְתָּ֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶקְרָאֶ֔ךָּ אָמַ֖רְתָּ אַל תִּירָֽא

You drewest near in the day I called upon you: you saidst, Fear not.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'did you come near'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
קָרַ֨בְתָּ֙did you come nearQal perf 2ms · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרַב (H7126) 'did you come near'.
בְּי֣וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
אֶקְרָאֶ֔ךָּand he calledQal impf 1cs + sfx 2ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
אָמַ֖רְתָּhave saidQal perf 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'have said'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּירָֽאfearQal jussive 2ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
58

רַ֧בְתָּ אֲדֹנָ֛י רִיבֵ֥י נַפְשִׁ֖י גָּאַ֥לְתָּ חַיָּֽי

O Lord, you have pleaded the causes of my soul; you have redeemed my life.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and quarreled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
רַ֧בְתָּand quarreledQal perf 2ms · רִיב (H7378)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרִיב (H7378) 'and quarreled'.
אֲדֹנָ֛יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
רִיבֵ֥יdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
נַפְשִׁ֖יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
גָּאַ֥לְתָּyou redeemed;Qal perf 2ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּאַל (H1350) 'you redeemed;'.
חַיָּֽיthe life ofN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'the life of'.
59

רָאִ֤יתָה יְהוָה֙ עַוָּ֣תָתִ֔י שָׁפְטָ֖ה מִשְׁפָּטִֽי

O YHWH, you have seen my wrong: judge you my cause.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
רָאִ֤יתָהand he sawQal perf 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עַוָּ֣תָתִ֔יwrongN c · עַוָּתָה (H5792)Construct chain (genitival)עַוָּתָה (H5792) 'wrong'.
שָׁפְטָ֖הwas judgingQal impv 2ms + Sh · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁפַט (H8199) 'was judging'.
מִשְׁפָּטִֽיmy rulesN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'my rules'.
60

רָאִ֨יתָה֙ כָּל נִקְמָתָ֔ם כָּל מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖ם לִֽי

You have seen all their vengeance all their imaginations against me.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
רָאִ֨יתָה֙and he sawQal perf 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
נִקְמָתָ֔םthe vengeance ofN c · נְקָמָה (H5360)Construct chain (genitival)נְקָמָה (H5360) 'the vengeance of'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖םdesignsN c · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
61

שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ חֶרְפָּתָם֙ יְהוָ֔ה כָּל מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖ם עָלָֽי

You have heard their reproach, O YHWH, all their imaginations against me;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you obeyed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שָׁמַ֤עְתָּyou obeyedQal perf 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'you obeyed'.
חֶרְפָּתָם֙a reproachN c · חֶרְפָּה (H2781)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרְפָּה (H2781) 'a reproach'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖םdesignsN c · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
עָלָֽיagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
62

שִׂפְתֵ֤י קָמַי֙ וְהֶגְיוֹנָ֔ם עָלַ֖י כָּל הַיּֽוֹם

The lips of those that rose up against me, and their device against me all the day.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שִׂפְתֵ֤יthe edge ofN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
קָמַי֙and he aroseQal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · קוּם (H6965)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
וְהֶגְיוֹנָ֔םdeviceconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · הִגָּיוֹן (H1902)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִגָּיוֹן (H1902) 'device'.
עָלַ֖יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַיּֽוֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
63

שִׁבְתָּ֤ם וְקִֽימָתָם֙ הַבִּ֔יטָה אֲנִ֖י מַנְגִּינָתָֽם

Behold their sitting down, and their rising up; I their musick.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'the inhabitants of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
שִׁבְתָּ֤םthe inhabitants ofQal inf constr + sfx 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
וְקִֽימָתָם֙andconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3mp · קִימָה (H7012)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִימָה (H7012) 'and'.
הַבִּ֔יטָהfrom lookingHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָבַט (H5027) 'from looking'.
אֲנִ֖יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
מַנְגִּינָתָֽםmusicN c · מַנְגִּינָה (H4485)Construct chain (genitival)מַנְגִּינָה (H4485) 'music'.
64

תָּשִׁ֨יב לָהֶ֥ם גְּמ֛וּל יְהוָ֖ה כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיהֶֽם

Render to them a recompence, O YHWH, according to the work of their hands.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall return'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
תָּשִׁ֨יבyou shall returnHiphil impf 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'you shall return'.
לָהֶ֥םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
גְּמ֛וּלas / likeN c · גְּמוּל (H1576)Construct chain (genitival)גְּמוּל (H1576) 'as / like'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥הlike the work ofprep + N com m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'like the work of'.
יְדֵיהֶֽםtheir handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'their hands'.
65

תִּתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ מְגִנַּת לֵ֔ב תַּאֲלָֽתְךָ֖ לָהֶֽם

Give them sorrow of heart, your curse to them.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
תִּתֵּ֤ןyou shall giveQal impf 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'you shall give'.
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
מְגִנַּתsorrow. See alsoN c · מְגִנָּה (H4044)Construct chain (genitival)מְגִנָּה (H4044) 'sorrow. See also'.
לֵ֔בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
תַּאֲלָֽתְךָ֖curseN c · תַּאֲלָה (H8381)Construct chain (genitival)תַּאֲלָה (H8381) 'curse'.
לָהֶֽםto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
66

תִּרְדֹּ֤ף בְּאַף֙ וְתַשְׁמִידֵ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת שְׁמֵ֥י יְהוָֽה

Persecute and destroy them in anger from under the heavens of YHWH.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall pursue'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
תִּרְדֹּ֤ףyou shall pursueQal impf 2ms · רָדַף (H7291)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָדַף (H7291) 'you shall pursue'.
בְּאַף֙in angerprep + N com m sg abs · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'in anger'.
וְתַשְׁמִידֵ֔םyour being destroyedconj וְ + Hiphil impf 2ms + sfx 3mp · שָׁמַד (H8045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַד (H8045) 'your being destroyed'.
מִתַּ֖חַתfrom underprep + prep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'from under'.
שְׁמֵ֥יthe heavensN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.