Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Judges, Chapter 9שפטים 9

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Judges 9 is kingship as fratricide. Abimelech buys Shechem with Baal-berith silver, slaughters Gideon's seventy sons, and is crowned at the oak; Jotham's buckthorn fable from Gerizim names the fire that will eat both sides. God sends an evil spirit, Shechem is salted, a woman at Thebez ends the king, and the curse arrives.

Translation & textual notes

Judges 9 is a long, relatively stable narrative with a few local cruxes. Beth-millo (v.6, 20) is likely Shechem's acropolis/citadel. The oak of the מַצֵּב (v.6) is a standing-stone sanctuary. אָטָד (vv.14–15) is the buckthorn/bramble, not a fruit tree — the point of the fable. בְּתָרְמָה (v.31) is often read 'in Tormah' or 'secretly' (תָּרְמָה). צְרִיחַ (vv.46, 49) is a crypt/hold of El-berith / Baal-berith. The millstone at Thebez (v.53) is an upper millstone (פֶּלַח רֶכֶב); Abimelech's request that a man kill him (v.54) does not undo the narrator's credit to the woman. Versification follows the MT.

1

וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ בֶּן יְרֻבַּ֨עַל֙ שְׁכֶ֔מָה אֶל אֲחֵ֖י אִמּ֑וֹ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֶל כָּל מִשְׁפַּ֛חַת בֵּית אֲבִ֥י אִמּ֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר

And Abimelech son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem, to his mother's brothers, and spoke to them and to all the clan of his mother's father's house, saying,

Abimelech goes to Shechem, his mother's kin
The son of the concubine (8:31) now works his maternal network in Shechem against Jerubbaal's seventy sons.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יְרֻבַּ֨עַל֙JerubbaalN proper · H3378Proper nameH3378 'Jerubbaal'.
שְׁכֶ֔מָהto ShechemN proper + Sd · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
אֲחֵ֖יbrother ofN com m pl constr · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
אִמּ֑וֹhis motherN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'mother'.
וַיְדַבֵּ֣רand he spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
אֲלֵיהֶ֔םto themprep + sfx 3mp · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Coordinating conjunctionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
מִשְׁפַּ֛חַתthe clan ofN com f sg constr · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940); recurring formula-word marking each clan subdivision.
בֵּיתthe house ofN com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
אֲבִ֥יmy fatherN com m sg constr · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
אִמּ֖וֹhis motherN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'mother'.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
2

דַּבְּרוּ נָ֞א בְּאָזְנֵ֨י כָל בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶם֮ מַה טּ֣וֹב לָכֶם֒ הַמְשֹׁ֨ל בָּכֶ֜ם שִׁבְעִ֣ים אִ֗ישׁ כֹּ֚ל בְּנֵ֣י יְרֻבַּ֔עַל אִם מְשֹׁ֥ל בָּכֶ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֑ד וּזְכַרְתֶּ֕ם כִּֽי עַצְמֵכֶם וּבְשַׂרְכֶ֖ם אָנִֽי

Speak please in the ears of all the lords of Shechem: What is better for you, that seventy men, all the sons of Jerubbaal, rule over you, or that one man rule over you? And remember that I am your bone and your flesh.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'he spoke it'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
דַּבְּרוּhe spoke itPiel impv 2mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperative'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
נָ֞אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
בְּאָזְנֵ֨יin the ears ofprep + N com f du constr · אֹזֶן (H241)Prepositional phraseאֹזֶן (H241) 'ear'; 'the lobe of the ear'.
כָלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בַּעֲלֵ֣יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶם֮ShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
טּ֣וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) good
לָכֶם֒to youprep + sfx 2mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to you'.
הַמְשֹׁ֨לthe one rulinginterrog. + Qal inf constr · מָשַׁל (H4910)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמָשַׁל (H4910) 'to rule, have dominion'; parallels וְהַעֲבַטְתָּ, pairing economic and political supremacy as marks of blessing.
בָּכֶ֜םagainst youprep + sfx 2mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'against you'.
שִׁבְעִ֣יםseventyAdj c · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy', plural of שֶׁבַע 'seven'; the basin's fixed weight in shekels.
אִ֗ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
כֹּ֚לallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יְרֻבַּ֔עַלJerubbaalN proper · H3378Proper nameH3378 'Jerubbaal'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
מְשֹׁ֥לrulingQal inf constr · מָשַׁל (H4910)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמָשַׁל (H4910) 'to rule, have dominion'; parallels וְהַעֲבַטְתָּ, pairing economic and political supremacy as marks of blessing.
בָּכֶ֖םagainst youprep + sfx 2mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'against you'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אֶחָ֑דoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
וּזְכַרְתֶּ֕םand you shall rememberconj וְ + Qal perf 2mp · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָכַר (H2142) 'to remember, call to mind'; the recurring Deuteronomic imperative of covenant memory, here grounding the command in Israel's own history.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
עַצְמֵכֶםon this veryN com f sg constr + sfx 2mp · עֶצֶם (H6106)Construct chain (genitival)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'bone'; carrying Joseph's bones fulfills his dying oath in Gen 50:25.
וּבְשַׂרְכֶ֖םfleshconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 2mp · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, body'.
אָנִֽיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
3

וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲחֵֽי אִמּ֜וֹ עָלָ֗יו בְּאָזְנֵי֙ כָּל בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּ֤ט לִבָּם֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ כִּ֥י אָמְר֖וּ אָחִ֥ינוּ הֽוּא

And his mother's brothers spoke all these words about him in the ears of all the lords of Shechem, and their heart inclined after Abimelech, for they said, He is our brother.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they spoke'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיְדַבְּר֨וּand they spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
אֲחֵֽיbrother ofN com m pl constr · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
אִמּ֜וֹhis motherN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'mother'.
עָלָ֗יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
בְּאָזְנֵי֙in the ears ofprep + N com f du constr · אֹזֶן (H241)Prepositional phraseאֹזֶן (H241) 'ear'; 'the lobe of the ear'.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בַּעֲלֵ֣יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶ֔םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
אֵ֥ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הַדְּבָרִ֖יםthe wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing'; the Decalogue text (cf. עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, v.28), the covenant stipulations.
הָאֵ֑לֶּהtheseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428); opens the recurring tribal-total formula.
וַיֵּ֤טand he stretched outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָטָה (H5186).
לִבָּם֙their heartN com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820).
אַחֲרֵ֣יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
אָמְר֖וּthey saidQal perf 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559).
אָחִ֥ינוּour brotherN com m sg constr + sfx 1cp · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
4

וַיִּתְּנוּ לוֹ֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים כֶּ֔סֶף מִבֵּ֖יתּ בַ֣עַל בְּרִ֑ית וַיִּשְׂכֹּ֨ר בָּהֶ֜ם אֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים רֵיקִים֙ וּפֹ֣חֲזִ֔ים וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אַחֲרָֽיו

And they gave him seventy pieces of silver from the house of Baal-berith, and with them Abimelech hired empty and reckless men, and they went after him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they gave'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיִּתְּנוּand they gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
לוֹ֙to himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
שִׁבְעִ֣יםseventyAdj c · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy', plural of שֶׁבַע 'seven'; the basin's fixed weight in shekels.
כֶּ֔סֶףsilverN com m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver, money'; material apposition, 'of silver', describing both dish and basin.
מִבֵּ֖יתּfrom the house ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Prepositional phraseבַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
בַ֣עַלBaal-berithN proper · בַּעַל בְּרִית (H1170)Proper nameבַּעַל בְּרִית (H1170) 'Baal-berith'.
בְּרִ֑יתBaal-berithN proper · בַּעַל בְּרִית (H1170)Proper nameבַּעַל בְּרִית (H1170) 'Baal-berith'.
וַיִּשְׂכֹּ֨רhe hiredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׂכַר (H7936)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׂכַר (H7936) 'to hire'; the (unnamed) subject is Balak king of Moab (Num 22:2-6), acting on behalf of both nations.
בָּהֶ֜םin themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'in them'.
אֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
אֲנָשִׁ֤יםmenN com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
רֵיקִים֙emptyAdj · רֵיק (H7386)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵיק (H7386) 'empty, vain, worthless'; the words are emphatically NOT empty — they carry ultimate substance and consequence. source id 05sSb.
וּפֹ֣חֲזִ֔יםandconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · H6348Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorH6348 'and'.
וַיֵּלְכ֖וּand they wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
אַחֲרָֽיוafter himprep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
5

וַיָּבֹ֤א בֵית אָבִיו֙ עָפְרָ֔תָה וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֞ג אֶת אֶחָ֧יו בְּנֵֽי יְרֻבַּ֛עַל שִׁבְּעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ עַל אֶ֣בֶן אֶחָ֑ת וַיִּוָּתֵ֞ר יוֹתָ֧ם בֶּן יְרֻבַּ֛עַל הַקָּטֹ֖ן כִּ֥י נֶחְבָּֽא

And he came to his father's house at Ophrah and killed his brothers, the sons of Jerubbaal, seventy men, on one stone. But Jotham, the youngest son of Jerubbaal, was left, for he hid himself.

Seventy killed on one stone; Jotham hidden
The massacre is ritualized 'on one stone'; only the youngest, Jotham, survives by hiding — the remnant who will curse from Gerizim.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיָּבֹ֤אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
בֵיתthe house ofN com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
אָבִיו֙his fatherN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
עָפְרָ֔תָהand OphrahN proper + Sd · עָפְרָה (H6084)Proper nameעָפְרָה (H6084) 'Ophrah' ('fawn'); a Benjaminite town, likely the 'Ephron/Ephraim' region referenced near Bethel in 2 Chr 13:19 and possibly related to the Ophrah of 1 Sam 13:17.
וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֞גand he killedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill'; the infinitive absolute before the finite verb of the same root produces the emphatic 'you shall surely kill.'
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֶחָ֧יוhis brothersN com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יְרֻבַּ֛עַלJerubbaalN proper · H3378Proper nameH3378 'Jerubbaal'.
שִׁבְּעִ֥יםseventyAdj c · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy', plural of שֶׁבַע 'seven'; the basin's fixed weight in shekels.
אִ֖ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
אֶ֣בֶןa stoneN com f sg abs · אֶבֶן (H68)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבֶן (H68) 'stone'; durable material for a permanent covenant record, matching the first set (32:15-16).
אֶחָ֑תoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
וַיִּוָּתֵ֞רAnd was leftconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָתַר (H3498)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָתַר (H3498) Hiphil 'to cause to abound, leave over in surplus'; the same root reappears grimly at v. 55's 'he has nothing left' under the curse.
יוֹתָ֧םJothamN proper · H3147Proper nameH3147 'Jotham'.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יְרֻבַּ֛עַלJerubbaalN proper · H3378Proper nameH3378 'Jerubbaal'.
הַקָּטֹ֖ןthe youngestart + Adj · קָטֹן (H6996)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָטֹן (H6996) 'small, young, insignificant'; substantival adjective with article, 'the small (one)' — paired with 'the great' to form a merism, 'small and great alike,' i.e. everyone regardless of social status.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
נֶחְבָּֽאshe hidNiphal perf 3ms · חָבָא (H2244)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָבָא (H2244) 'to hide'; Hitpael reflexive; the man hides himself from the divine presence he once presumably welcomed.
6

וַיֵּאָ֨סְפ֜וּ כָּל בַּעֲלֵ֤י שְׁכֶם֙ וְכָל בֵּ֣ית מִלּ֔וֹא וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֶת אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ לְמֶ֑לֶךְ עִם אֵל֥וֹן מֻצָּ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּשְׁכֶֽם

And all the lords of Shechem and all Beth-millo assembled and went and made Abimelech king, by the oak of the pillar that is in Shechem.

Abimelech made king by the oak of the pillar
Shechem and Beth-millo crown him at a sacred oak — kingship born of Baal-berith silver and fratricide.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֵּאָ֨סְפ֜וּand they gatheredconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָסַף (H622) 'to gather, gather in'; weqatal continuing the apodosis chain, the harvest ingathering that follows the two rains.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בַּעֲלֵ֤יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶם֙ShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
מִלּ֔וֹאMilloN proper · מִלּוֹא (H4407)Proper nameמִלּוֹא (H4407) 'Millo'.
וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּand they wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּand reignedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign, be king'; the Song's climactic confession of YHWH's kingship — among the earliest attestations of divine kingship theology in the Hebrew Bible, later foundational to royal-Zion and eschatological hope.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
לְמֶ֑לֶךְto the king ofprep + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Prepositional phraseמֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אֵל֥וֹןoak ofN com m sg constr · אֵלוֹן (H436)Construct chain (genitival)אֵלוֹן (H436) 'oak, terebinth, large tree'; אֵלוֹנֵי מֹרֶה recalls Gen 12:6, where Abram first camped at 'the oak of Moreh' near Shechem — the same locale is now marked out for the blessing-and-curse ceremony.
מֻצָּ֖בset upHophal ptc ms · נָצַב (H5324)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַב (H5324) in Niphal 'to stand, take one's stand, be stationed'; describes formal, ceremonial standing before YHWH for covenant ratification.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בִּשְׁכֶֽםin Shechemprep + N proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
7

וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְיוֹתָ֗ם וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ֙ וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הַר גְּרִזִ֔ים וַיִּשָּׂ֥א קוֹל֖וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֑א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם שִׁמְע֤וּ אֵלַי֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם וְיִשְׁמַ֥ע אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם אֱלֹהִֽים

And they told Jotham, and he went and stood on the top of Mount Gerizim and lifted his voice and called out and said to them, Listen to me, lords of Shechem, and God will listen to you.

Jotham on Gerizim
From the mountain of blessing (Deut 11; 27) Jotham speaks a curse: listen, that God may listen.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיַּגִּ֣דוּand reportedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לְיוֹתָ֗םJothamprep + N proper · H3147Proper nameH3147 'Jotham'.
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ֙and he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙and he stoodconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) 'to stand'.
בְּרֹ֣אשׁon the top ofprep + N com m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Prepositional phraseרֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
הַרMountN com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022); see v.2.
גְּרִזִ֔יםGerizimN proper · גְּרִזִּים (H1630)Proper nameגְּרִזִּים (H1630), the mountain south of Shechem chosen for the blessing; in Deut 27:12 the tribes of Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin stand on it, and Josh 8:30-35 narrates the ceremony's fulfillment.
וַיִּשָּׂ֥אand he took upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry, bear'.
קוֹל֖וֹits soundN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; שָׁמַע בְּקוֹל, the standing idiom for obedience, negated here.
וַיִּקְרָ֑אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לָהֶ֗םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
שִׁמְע֤וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperative'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
אֵלַי֙to meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
בַּעֲלֵ֣יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶ֔םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וְיִשְׁמַ֥עand he heardconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modal'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
אֲלֵיכֶ֖םto youprep + sfx 2mp · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
אֱלֹהִֽיםGodN com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
8

הָל֤וֹךְ הָֽלְכוּ֙ הָעֵצִ֔ים לִמְשֹׁ֥חַ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ לַזַּ֖יִת מלוכה מָלְכָ֥ה עָלֵֽינוּ

The trees went forth in earnest to anoint a king over themselves, and they said to the olive tree, Reign over us.

The fable of the trees beginsasyndeton
The trees go to anoint a king — a parody of 8:22–23's request that Gideon rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הָל֤וֹךְgoingQal inf abs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to go, walk'; the articular participle functions as a relative clause, 'the one who goes/is going before you' — a title recalling YHWH's guiding presence (cf. v.33; Exod 13:21).
הָֽלְכוּ֙walkedQal perf 3cp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to go, walk'; the articular participle functions as a relative clause, 'the one who goes/is going before you' — a title recalling YHWH's guiding presence (cf. v.33; Exod 13:21).
הָעֵצִ֔יםthe woodart + N com m pl abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'.
לִמְשֹׁ֥חַand you shall anointprep + Qal inf constr · מָשַׁח (H4886)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמָשַׁח (H4886) 'to anoint'; Niphal infinitive construct (passive sense), 'to be anointed / when it was anointed' — referring to the altar in the summary clause.
עֲלֵיהֶ֖םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
מֶ֑לֶךְking ofN com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king'.
וַיֹּאמְר֥וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לַזַּ֖יִתoliveprep + art + N com m sg abs · זַיִת (H2132)Prepositional phraseזַיִת (H2132) 'olive, olive tree'; the tree being harvested.
מלוכהand reignedQal impv 2ms + Sh · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign, be king'; the Song's climactic confession of YHWH's kingship — among the earliest attestations of divine kingship theology in the Hebrew Bible, later foundational to royal-Zion and eschatological hope.
מָלְכָ֥הand reignedQal impv 2ms + Sh · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign, be king'; the Song's climactic confession of YHWH's kingship — among the earliest attestations of divine kingship theology in the Hebrew Bible, later foundational to royal-Zion and eschatological hope.
עָלֵֽינוּupon usprep + sfx 1cp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
9

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הַזַּ֔יִת הֶחֳדַ֨לְתִּי֙ אֶת דִּשְׁנִ֔י אֲשֶׁר בִּ֛י יְכַבְּד֥וּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י לָנ֖וּעַ עַל הָעֵצִֽים

And the olive tree said to them, Shall I leave my fatness, with which by me they honor God and men, and go to sway over the trees?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
הַזַּ֔יִתoliveart + N com m sg abs · זַיִת (H2132)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זַיִת (H2132) 'olive, olive tree'; the tree being harvested.
הֶחֳדַ֨לְתִּי֙will ceaseinterrog. + Qal perf 1cs · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָדַל (H2308) 'to cease, stop'; negated here for the sober, realist claim that poverty will never disappear — the counterpoint to v. 4's ideal.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
דִּשְׁנִ֔יthe fatty ashesN com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · דֶּשֶׁן (H1880)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּשֶׁן (H1880) 'fatness, greasy ashes'; the fat-soaked ash left when an offering has been consumed. Its removal is itself a priestly duty performed in vestments (6:10-11) — even the residue of sacrifice is handled with care.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בִּ֛יagainst meprep + sfx 1csPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'against me'.
יְכַבְּד֥וּand he hardenedPiel impf 3mp · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּבֵד (H3513) Niphal 'to be honored, glorious, weighty'; describes the name's inherent majesty.
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
וַאֲנָשִׁ֑יםand menconj וְ + N com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔יand I will goconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to go, walk'; the articular participle functions as a relative clause, 'the one who goes/is going before you' — a title recalling YHWH's guiding presence (cf. v.33; Exod 13:21).
לָנ֖וּעַwanderingprep + Qal inf constr · נוּעַ (H5128)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנוּעַ (H5128) 'to shake, quiver, wander'; here of trembling in fear before the theophany, a visceral bodily response to the overwhelming divine presence.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הָעֵצִֽיםthe woodart + N com m pl abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'.
10

וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ הָעֵצִ֖ים לַתְּאֵנָ֑ה לְכִי אַ֖תְּ מָלְכִ֥י עָלֵֽינוּ

And the trees said to the fig tree, You come, reign over us.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיֹּאמְר֥וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
הָעֵצִ֖יםthe woodart + N com m pl abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'.
לַתְּאֵנָ֑הand fig treeprep + art + N com f sg abs · תְּאֵנָה (H8384)Prepositional phraseתְּאֵנָה (H8384) 'fig tree'; fourth of the seven species.
לְכִיGo!Qal impv 2fs · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212).
אַ֖תְּyou arepron 2fs · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
מָלְכִ֥יand reignedQal impv 2fs · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign, be king'; the Song's climactic confession of YHWH's kingship — among the earliest attestations of divine kingship theology in the Hebrew Bible, later foundational to royal-Zion and eschatological hope.
עָלֵֽינוּupon usprep + sfx 1cp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
11

וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הַתְּאֵנָ֔ה הֶחֳדַ֨לְתִּי֙ אֶת מָתְקִ֔י וְאֶת תְּנוּבָתִ֖י הַטּוֹבָ֑ה וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י לָנ֖וּעַ עַל הָעֵצִֽים

And the fig tree said to them, Shall I leave my sweetness and my good fruit and go to sway over the trees?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַתֹּ֤אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
הַתְּאֵנָ֔הand fig treeart + N com f sg abs · תְּאֵנָה (H8384)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּאֵנָה (H8384) 'fig tree'; fourth of the seven species.
הֶחֳדַ֨לְתִּי֙will ceaseinterrog. + Qal perf 1cs · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָדַל (H2308) 'to cease, stop'; negated here for the sober, realist claim that poverty will never disappear — the counterpoint to v. 4's ideal.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
מָתְקִ֔יsweetnessN com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · מֹתֶק (H4987)Construct chain (genitival)מֹתֶק (H4987) 'sweetness'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
תְּנוּבָתִ֖יthe produce ofN com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · תְּנוּבָה (H8570)Construct chain (genitival)תְּנוּבָה (H8570) 'produce, yield'; construct with שָׂדַי — the agricultural abundance of the field. source id 05uYE.
הַטּוֹבָ֑הthe goodart + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) good
וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔יand I will goconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to go, walk'; the articular participle functions as a relative clause, 'the one who goes/is going before you' — a title recalling YHWH's guiding presence (cf. v.33; Exod 13:21).
לָנ֖וּעַwanderingprep + Qal inf constr · נוּעַ (H5128)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנוּעַ (H5128) 'to shake, quiver, wander'; here of trembling in fear before the theophany, a visceral bodily response to the overwhelming divine presence.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הָעֵצִֽיםthe woodart + N com m pl abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'.
12

וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ הָעֵצִ֖ים לַגָּ֑פֶן לְכִי אַ֖תְּ מלוכי מָלְכִ֥י עָלֵֽינוּ

And the trees said to the vine, You come, reign over us.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיֹּאמְר֥וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
הָעֵצִ֖יםthe woodart + N com m pl abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'.
לַגָּ֑פֶןto the vineprep + art + N com c sg abs · גֶּפֶן (H1612)Prepositional phraseגֶּפֶן (H1612) 'vine'; with מִן — the enemies' produce traced to a corrupt, cursed source. source id 05iQV.
לְכִיGo!Qal impv 2fs · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212).
אַ֖תְּyou arepron 2fs · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
מלוכיand reignedQal impv 2fs · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign, be king'; the Song's climactic confession of YHWH's kingship — among the earliest attestations of divine kingship theology in the Hebrew Bible, later foundational to royal-Zion and eschatological hope.
מָלְכִ֥יand reignedQal impv 2fs · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign, be king'; the Song's climactic confession of YHWH's kingship — among the earliest attestations of divine kingship theology in the Hebrew Bible, later foundational to royal-Zion and eschatological hope.
עָלֵֽינוּupon usprep + sfx 1cp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
13

וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הַגֶּ֔פֶן הֶחֳדַ֨לְתִּי֙ אֶת תִּ֣ירוֹשִׁ֔י הַֽמְשַׂמֵּ֥חַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י לָנ֖וּעַ עַל הָעֵצִֽים

And the vine said to them, Shall I leave my new wine, which cheers God and men, and go to sway over the trees?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַתֹּ֤אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
הַגֶּ֔פֶןfrom the vine ofart + N com c sg abs · גֶּפֶן (H1612)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּפֶן (H1612) 'vine'; with מִן — the enemies' produce traced to a corrupt, cursed source. source id 05iQV.
הֶחֳדַ֨לְתִּי֙will ceaseinterrog. + Qal perf 1cs · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָדַל (H2308) 'to cease, stop'; negated here for the sober, realist claim that poverty will never disappear — the counterpoint to v. 4's ideal.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
תִּ֣ירוֹשִׁ֔יand new wineN com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492)Construct chain (genitival)תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492) 'new wine, must'; second member of the harvest triad, the product of the vine.
הַֽמְשַׂמֵּ֥חַand you shall rejoiceart + Piel ptc ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂמַח (H8055) 'to rejoice, be glad'; Deuteronomy's signature verb of festal joy before YHWH, recurring through the chapter (vv.7, 12, 18). Source id 058WW.
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
וַאֲנָשִׁ֑יםand menconj וְ + N com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔יand I will goconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to go, walk'; the articular participle functions as a relative clause, 'the one who goes/is going before you' — a title recalling YHWH's guiding presence (cf. v.33; Exod 13:21).
לָנ֖וּעַwanderingprep + Qal inf constr · נוּעַ (H5128)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנוּעַ (H5128) 'to shake, quiver, wander'; here of trembling in fear before the theophany, a visceral bodily response to the overwhelming divine presence.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הָעֵצִֽיםthe woodart + N com m pl abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'.
14

וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ כָל הָעֵצִ֖ים אֶל הָאָטָ֑ד לֵ֥ךְ אַתָּ֖ה מְלָךְ עָלֵֽינוּ

And all the trees said to the buckthorn, You come, reign over us.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיֹּאמְר֥וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
כָלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הָעֵצִ֖יםthe woodart + N com m pl abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָאָטָ֑דthe Atadart + N com m sg abs · אָטָד (H329)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָטָד (H329) 'bramble, buckthorn'; gives the site its distinctive name, later recalled in the place name Abel-mizraim.
לֵ֥ךְgoQal impv 2ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212).
אַתָּ֖הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
מְלָךְreignedQal impv 2ms · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign, be king'; the Song's climactic confession of YHWH's kingship — among the earliest attestations of divine kingship theology in the Hebrew Bible, later foundational to royal-Zion and eschatological hope.
עָלֵֽינוּupon usprep + sfx 1cp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
15

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הָאָטָד֮ אֶל הָעֵצִים֒ אִ֡ם בֶּאֱמֶ֣ת אַתֶּם֩ מֹשְׁחִ֨ים אֹתִ֤י לְמֶ֨לֶךְ֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם בֹּ֖אוּ חֲס֣וּ בְצִלִּ֑י וְאִם אַ֕יִן תֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מִן הָ֣אָטָ֔ד וְתֹאכַ֖ל אֶת אַרְזֵ֥י הַלְּבָנֽוֹן

And the buckthorn said to the trees, If in truth you are anointing me king over you, come, take refuge in my shade; and if not, let fire come out from the buckthorn and consume the cedars of Lebanon.

The buckthorn's bargain: shade or fire
The worthless אָטָד offers shade it does not have, or fire that will eat Lebanon's cedars — Abimelech as thornbush king.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
הָאָטָד֮the Atadart + N com m sg abs · אָטָד (H329)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָטָד (H329) 'bramble, buckthorn'; gives the site its distinctive name, later recalled in the place name Abel-mizraim.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָעֵצִים֒the woodart + N com m pl abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'.
אִ֡םifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
בֶּאֱמֶ֣תtrueprep + N com f sg abs · אֱמֶת (H571)Prepositional phraseאֱמֶת (H571) truth, faithfulness, reliability
אַתֶּם֩youpron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
מֹשְׁחִ֨יםsmearedQal ptc mp · מָשַׁח (H4886)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁח (H4886) 'to anoint'; Niphal infinitive construct (passive sense), 'to be anointed / when it was anointed' — referring to the altar in the summary clause.
אֹתִ֤יmeobj marker + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
לְמֶ֨לֶךְ֙to the king ofprep + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Prepositional phraseמֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king'.
עֲלֵיכֶ֔םagainst youprep + sfx 2mp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
בֹּ֖אוּcameQal impv 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935).
חֲס֣וּin which they took refugeQal impv 2mp · חָסָה (H2620)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָסָה (H2620) Qal 'take refuge, seek shelter'; Israel's misplaced trust in the false gods, now exposed in the taunt. source id 05R4v.
בְצִלִּ֑יin the shadow ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · צֵל (H6738)Prepositional phraseצֵל (H6738) 'shadow, shade, protection'; בְּצֵל קוֹרָתִי = 'under the shadow of my roof-beam'; a vivid image of the host's protective obligation.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
אַ֕יִןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Negative particleאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
תֵּ֤צֵאyou go outQal impf 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
אֵשׁ֙fireN com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הָ֣אָטָ֔דthe Atadart + N com m sg abs · אָטָד (H329)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָטָד (H329) 'bramble, buckthorn'; gives the site its distinctive name, later recalled in the place name Abel-mizraim.
וְתֹאכַ֖לand it consumedconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אַרְזֵ֥יcedarN com m pl constr · אֶרֶז (H730)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶז, H730, 'cedar'; durable, aromatic wood, used also in the red-heifer rite (Num 19:6).
הַלְּבָנֽוֹןLebanonart + N proper · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Proper nameלְבָנוֹן (H3844), Lebanon, 'white (mountain)' from its snow-capped peaks; marks the promise's extension to the far north.
16

וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם בֶּאֱמֶ֤ת וּבְתָמִים֙ עֲשִׂיתֶ֔ם וַתַּמְלִ֖יכוּ אֶת אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וְאִם טוֹבָ֤ה עֲשִׂיתֶם֙ עִם יְרֻבַּ֣עַל וְעִם בֵּית֔וֹ וְאִם כִּגְמ֥וּל יָדָ֖יו עֲשִׂ֥יתֶם לֽוֹ

And now, if you have acted in truth and in integrity in making Abimelech king, and if you have done good with Jerubbaal and with his house, and if you have done to him according to the dealing of his hands —

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have done'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וְעַתָּ֗הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Coordinating conjunctionעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
בֶּאֱמֶ֤תtrueprep + N com f sg abs · אֱמֶת (H571)Prepositional phraseאֱמֶת (H571) truth, faithfulness, reliability
וּבְתָמִים֙unblemishedconj וְ + prep + Adj · תָּמִים (H8549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8549) 'complete, unblemished'; unbroken fitness standard.
עֲשִׂיתֶ֔םyou have doneQal perf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
וַתַּמְלִ֖יכוּand reignedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 2mp · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign, be king'; the Song's climactic confession of YHWH's kingship — among the earliest attestations of divine kingship theology in the Hebrew Bible, later foundational to royal-Zion and eschatological hope.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
טוֹבָ֤הgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) good
עֲשִׂיתֶם֙you have doneQal perf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
יְרֻבַּ֣עַלJerubbaalN proper · H3378Proper nameH3378 'Jerubbaal'.
וְעִםand withconj וְ + prep · עִם (H5973)Coordinating conjunctionעִם (H5973) 'with'.
בֵּית֔וֹhis houseN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
כִּגְמ֥וּלas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · H1576Prepositional phraseH1576 'as / like'.
יָדָ֖יוhis handsN com c du constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'hand'.
עֲשִׂ֥יתֶםyou have doneQal perf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
17

אֲשֶׁר נִלְחַ֥ם אָבִ֖י עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ אֶת נַפְשׁוֹ֙ מִנֶּ֔גֶד וַיַּצֵּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיַּ֥ד מִדְיָֽן

for my father fought for you and threw his life in front of him and delivered you from the hand of Midian,

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'fought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
נִלְחַ֥םfoughtNiphal perf 3ms · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָחַם (H3898), see v.5.
אָבִ֖יmy fatherN com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
עֲלֵיכֶ֑םagainst youprep + sfx 2mp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְand he threw [it]conj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַךְ (H7993) Hiphil.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
נַפְשׁוֹ֙his soulN com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315), see v.28.
מִנֶּ֔גֶדat a distanceprep + prep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Prepositional phraseנֶגֶד (H5048) 'in front of, opposite'; intensifies the picture of life hanging visibly before one's own eyes.
וַיַּצֵּ֥לand strippedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָצַל (H5337) 'to snatch away, deliver'; in Hiphil, causative 'to rescue' — the same verb used of the escaped slave in v. 16.
אֶתְכֶ֖םyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
מִיַּ֥דfrom the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
מִדְיָֽןMidianN proper · מִדְיָן (H4080)Proper nameמִדְיָן (H4080).
18

וְאַתֶּ֞ם קַמְתֶּ֨ם עַל בֵּ֤ית אָבִי֙ הַיּ֔וֹם וַתַּהַרְג֧וּ אֶת בָּנָ֛יו שִׁבְעִ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ עַל אֶ֣בֶן אֶחָ֑ת וַתַּמְלִ֜יכוּ אֶת אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ בֶּן אֲמָתוֹ֙ עַל בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם כִּ֥י אֲחִיכֶ֖ם הֽוּא

and you have risen against my father's house today and have killed his sons, seventy men, on one stone, and have made Abimelech, the son of his maidservant, king over the lords of Shechem, because he is your brother —

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have risen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וְאַתֶּ֞םand youconj וְ + pron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
קַמְתֶּ֨םyou have risenQal perf 2mp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
בֵּ֤יתthe house ofN com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
אָבִי֙my fatherN com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
הַיּ֔וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
וַתַּהַרְג֧וּthey killedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2mp · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill'; the infinitive absolute before the finite verb of the same root produces the emphatic 'you shall surely kill.'
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
בָּנָ֛יוhis sonsN com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
שִׁבְעִ֥יםseventyAdj c · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy', plural of שֶׁבַע 'seven'; the basin's fixed weight in shekels.
אִ֖ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
אֶ֣בֶןa stoneN com f sg abs · אֶבֶן (H68)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבֶן (H68) 'stone'; durable material for a permanent covenant record, matching the first set (32:15-16).
אֶחָ֑תoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
וַתַּמְלִ֜יכוּand reignedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 2mp · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign, be king'; the Song's climactic confession of YHWH's kingship — among the earliest attestations of divine kingship theology in the Hebrew Bible, later foundational to royal-Zion and eschatological hope.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
אֲמָתוֹ֙his female servantN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָמָה (H519)Construct chain (genitival)אָמָה (H519).
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
בַּעֲלֵ֣יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶ֔םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
אֲחִיכֶ֖םyour brotherN com m sg constr + sfx 2mp · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
19

וְאִם בֶּאֱמֶ֨ת וּבְתָמִ֧ים עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם יְרֻבַּ֥עַל וְעִם בֵּית֖וֹ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה שִׂמְחוּ֙ בַּאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְיִשְׂמַ֥ח גַּם ה֖וּא בָּכֶֽם

if then you have acted in truth and in integrity with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, rejoice in Abimelech, and let him also rejoice in you.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have done'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
בֶּאֱמֶ֨תtrueprep + N com f sg abs · אֱמֶת (H571)Prepositional phraseאֱמֶת (H571) truth, faithfulness, reliability
וּבְתָמִ֧יםunblemishedconj וְ + prep + Adj · תָּמִים (H8549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8549) 'complete, unblemished'; unbroken fitness standard.
עֲשִׂיתֶ֛םyou have doneQal perf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
יְרֻבַּ֥עַלJerubbaalN proper · H3378Proper nameH3378 'Jerubbaal'.
וְעִםand withconj וְ + prep · עִם (H5973)Coordinating conjunctionעִם (H5973) 'with'.
בֵּית֖וֹhis houseN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
הַיּ֣וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
שִׂמְחוּ֙and you shall rejoiceQal impv 2mp · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׂמַח (H8055) 'to rejoice, be glad'; Deuteronomy's signature verb of festal joy before YHWH, recurring through the chapter (vv.7, 12, 18). Source id 058WW.
בַּאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְAbimelechprep + N proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וְיִשְׂמַ֥חand you shall rejoiceconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'to rejoice, be glad'; Deuteronomy's signature verb of festal joy before YHWH, recurring through the chapter (vv.7, 12, 18). Source id 058WW.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) also, both, even
ה֖וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
בָּכֶֽםagainst youprep + sfx 2mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'against you'.
20

וְאִם אַ֕יִן תֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מֵאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְתֹאכַ֛ל אֶת בַּעֲלֵ֥י שְׁכֶ֖ם וְאֶת בֵּ֣ית מִלּ֑וֹא וְתֵצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ מִבַּעֲלֵ֤י שְׁכֶם֙ וּמִבֵּ֣ית מִלּ֔וֹא וְתֹאכַ֖ל אֶת אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ

But if not, let fire come out from Abimelech and consume the lords of Shechem and Beth-millo, and let fire come out from the lords of Shechem and from Beth-millo and consume Abimelech.

Mutual fire: the curse's double edgewəʾim ʾayin
Fire from Abimelech to eat Shechem, fire from Shechem to eat Abimelech — the fable applied.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
אַ֕יִןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Negative particleאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
תֵּ֤צֵאyou go outQal impf 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
אֵשׁ֙fireN com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
מֵאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְAbimelechprep + N proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וְתֹאכַ֛לand it consumedconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
בַּעֲלֵ֥יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶ֖םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
מִלּ֑וֹאMilloN proper · מִלּוֹא (H4407)Proper nameמִלּוֹא (H4407) 'Millo'.
וְתֵצֵ֨אcame outconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
אֵ֜שׁfireN com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
מִבַּעֲלֵ֤יits ownerprep + N com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Prepositional phraseבַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶם֙ShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וּמִבֵּ֣יתand from the house ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
מִלּ֔וֹאMilloN proper · מִלּוֹא (H4407)Proper nameמִלּוֹא (H4407) 'Millo'.
וְתֹאכַ֖לand it consumedconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
21

וַיָּ֣נָס יוֹתָ֔ם וַיִּבְרַ֖ח וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ בְּאֵ֑רָה וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שָׁ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֖י אֲבִימֶ֥לֶךְ אָחִֽיו

And Jotham fled and escaped and went to Beer and lived there, because of Abimelech his brother.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and fled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיָּ֣נָסand fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּס (H5127) 'to flee'.
יוֹתָ֔םJothamN proper · H3147Proper nameH3147 'Jotham'.
וַיִּבְרַ֖חand he fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּרַח (H1272)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּרַח (H1272) 'to flee, run away'.
וַיֵּ֣לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
בְּאֵ֑רָהto BeerN proper + Sd · בְּאֵר (H876)Proper nameבְּאֵר (H876) 'well'; with directional ה, 'to Beer' — a place named for its well, punning into the following relative clause.
וַיֵּ֣שֶׁבand he dweltconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
שָׁ֔םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
מִפְּנֵ֖יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
אֲבִימֶ֥לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
אָחִֽיוhis brothersN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
22

וַיָּ֧שַׂר אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שָׁלֹ֥שׁ שָׁנִֽים

And Abimelech ruled over Israel three years.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיָּ֧שַׂרandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · H7786Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceH7786 'and'.
אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
שָׁלֹ֥שׁthreeAdj c · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three'.
שָׁנִֽיםyearsN com f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
23

וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אֱלֹהִים֙ ר֣וּחַ רָעָ֔ה בֵּ֣ין אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וּבֵ֖ין בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֑ם וַיִּבְגְּד֥וּ בַעֲלֵי שְׁכֶ֖ם בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ

And God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the lords of Shechem, and the lords of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech,

God sends an evil spirit
The narrator is theological: God sends רוּחַ רָעָה to start the betrayal that will fulfill Jotham.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the entire release-formula ('let my people go').
אֱלֹהִים֙GodN com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
ר֣וּחַa spirit ofN com c sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit, wind, breath'; the inner disposition/will that YHWH hardened, paired with לֵבָב below.
רָעָ֔הevilAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) bad, evil
בֵּ֣יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Prepositional phraseבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וּבֵ֖יןand betweenconj וְ + prep · בֵּין (H996)Coordinating conjunctionבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
בַּעֲלֵ֣יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶ֑םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וַיִּבְגְּד֥וּin his dealing treacherouslyconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בָּגַד (H898)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּגַד (H898) 'to act treacherously, deal faithlessly'; names the master's breach of the implicit marriage-designation as the legal ground for her right of redemption.
בַעֲלֵיthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶ֖םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְAbimelechprep + N proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
24

לָב֕וֹא חֲמַ֖ס שִׁבְעִ֣ים בְּנֵֽי יְרֻבָּ֑עַל וְדָמָ֗ם לָשׂ֞וּם עַל אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ אֲחִיהֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָרַ֣ג אוֹתָ֔ם וְעַל֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר חִזְּק֥וּ אֶת יָדָ֖יו לַהֲרֹ֥ג אֶת אֶחָֽיו

that the violence done to the seventy sons of Jerubbaal might come, and their blood be laid on Abimelech their brother, who killed them, and on the lords of Shechem, who strengthened his hands to kill his brothers.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to enter'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
לָב֕וֹאto enterprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935).
חֲמַ֖סviolenceN com m sg constr · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence, wrong, malice'; completing the technical title עֵד חָמָס 'malicious witness' (cf. Exod 23:1; Ps 27:12), one who testifies to inflict harm rather than truth.
שִׁבְעִ֣יםseventyAdj c · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy', plural of שֶׁבַע 'seven'; the basin's fixed weight in shekels.
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יְרֻבָּ֑עַלJerubbaalN proper · H3378Proper nameH3378 'Jerubbaal'.
וְדָמָ֗םthe bloodconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'.
לָשׂ֞וּםto putprep + Qal inf constr · שִׂים (H7760)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשִׂים (H7760), put, place, set
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
אֲחִיהֶם֙their brothersN com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
הָרַ֣גsurelyQal perf 3ms · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill'; the infinitive absolute before the finite verb of the same root produces the emphatic 'you shall surely kill.'
אוֹתָ֔םthemobj marker + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
וְעַל֙and onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Coordinating conjunctionעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
בַּעֲלֵ֣יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶ֔םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
חִזְּק֥וּbe strongPiel perf 3cp · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָזַק (H2388) 'to be strong'; Piel here causative, 'strengthen, embolden'; the same charge God will repeat directly to Joshua in 3:28 and 31:23.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יָדָ֖יוhis handsN com c du constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'hand'.
לַהֲרֹ֥גto killprep + Qal inf constr · הָרַג (H2026)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill'; the infinitive absolute before the finite verb of the same root produces the emphatic 'you shall surely kill.'
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֶחָֽיוhis brothersN com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
25

וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ לוֹ֩ בַעֲלֵ֨י שְׁכֶ֜ם מְאָרְבִ֗ים עַ֚ל רָאשֵׁ֣י הֶהָרִ֔ים וַיִּגְזְל֗וּ אֵ֛ת כָּל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲבֹ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לַאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ

And the lords of Shechem set ambushes against him on the tops of the mountains, and they robbed all who passed by them on the road, and it was told to Abimelech.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they put'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּand they putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760), put, place, set
לוֹ֩to himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
בַעֲלֵ֨יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶ֜םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
מְאָרְבִ֗יםlying in ambushPiel ptc mp · אָרַב (H693)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
עַ֚לonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
רָאשֵׁ֣יthe heads ofN com m pl constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
הֶהָרִ֔יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022); see v.2.
וַיִּגְזְל֗וּand robbedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · גָּזַל (H1497)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּזַל (H1497) Qal passive participle 'robbed, plundered'; paired with עָשׁוּק for total exploitation by predatory neighbors.
אֵ֛ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
יַעֲבֹ֥רpasses throughQal impf 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַר (H5674), see v.29.
עֲלֵיהֶ֖םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
בַּדָּ֑רֶךְon the wayprep + art + N com c sg abs · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Prepositional phraseדֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'road'.
וַיֻּגַּ֖דand it was toldconj וְ + Hophal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לַאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְto Abimelechprep + N proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
26

וַיָּבֹ֞א גַּ֤עַל בֶּן עֶ֨בֶד֙ וְאֶחָ֔יו וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ בִּשְׁכֶ֑ם וַיִּבְטְחוּ ב֖וֹ בַּעֲלֵ֥י שְׁכֶֽם

And Gaal son of Ebed came, and his brothers, and they crossed over into Shechem, and the lords of Shechem put their trust in him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיָּבֹ֞אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
גַּ֤עַלGaalN proper · H1603Proper nameH1603 'Gaal'.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עֶ֨בֶד֙EbedN proper · עֶבֶד (H5651)Proper nameעֶבֶד (H5651) 'Ebed'.
וְאֶחָ֔יוand his brothersconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
וַיַּעַבְר֖וּand they passed throughconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַר (H5674), see v.29.
בִּשְׁכֶ֑םin Shechemprep + N proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וַיִּבְטְחוּtrustingconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בָּטַח (H982)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּטַח (H982) 'to trust'; misplaced trust in fortification walls rather than YHWH, a recurring prophetic critique (cf. Jer 5:17; Mic 5:10-11).
ב֖וֹin itprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'in it'.
בַּעֲלֵ֥יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶֽםShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
27

וַיֵּצְא֨וּ הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה וַֽיִּבְצְר֤וּ אֶת כַּרְמֵיהֶם֙ וַֽיִּדְרְכ֔וּ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ הִלּוּלִ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אֱֽלֹֽהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַֽיְקַלְל֖וּ אֶת אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ

And they went out into the field and gathered their vineyards and trod them and made a festival, and they went into the house of their god and ate and drank and cursed Abimelech.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיֵּצְא֨וּand they went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
הַשָּׂדֶ֜הthe fieldart + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
וַֽיִּבְצְר֤וּand fortifiedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בָּצוּר (H1219)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּצוּר (H1219) 'fortified, inaccessible'; from בָּצַר 'to cut off, make inaccessible' — describing the walled, defensible cities that intimidate the people, hyperbolically said to reach 'to heaven.'
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כַּרְמֵיהֶם֙a vineyardN com c pl constr + sfx 3mp · כֶּרֶם (H3754)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּרֶם (H3754) 'vineyard'.
וַֽיִּדְרְכ֔וּhe trodconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'to tread, march, walk upon'; recalls Caleb's actual footsteps during the spy mission (Num 13:22, Hebron), the literal ground of his inheritance claim (cf. Josh 14:9, 'the land on which your foot trod').
וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּand they didconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
הִלּוּלִ֑יםof praise-offeringsN com m pl abs · הִלּוּלִים (H1974)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִלּוּלִים (H1974) 'praise-offerings, jubilation', from הָלַל 'to praise'; a rare term (elsewhere only Judg 9:27) suggesting a festive dedication akin to firstfruits, celebrating and thanking YHWH for the tree's first usable yield.
וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙and they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
אֱֽלֹֽהֵיהֶ֔םtheir godsN com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
וַיֹּֽאכְלוּ֙and they ateconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּand they drankconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁתָה (H8354) drink
וַֽיְקַלְל֖וּto curseconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָלַל (H7043) 'to be light, curse'; in Piel, 'to curse' — the stated purpose of Balak's hire, thwarted by YHWH in v. 6.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
28

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר גַּ֣עַל בֶּן עֶ֗בֶד מִֽי אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְ וּמִֽי שְׁכֶם֙ כִּ֣י נַעַבְדֶ֔נּוּ הֲלֹ֥א בֶן יְרֻבַּ֖עַל וּזְבֻ֣ל פְּקִיד֑וֹ עִבְד֗וּ אֶת אַנְשֵׁ֤י חֲמוֹר֙ אֲבִ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם וּמַדּ֖וּעַ נַעַבְדֶ֥נּוּ אֲנָֽחְנוּ

And Gaal son of Ebed said, Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Is he not the son of Jerubbaal, and Zebul his officer? Serve the men of Hamor, the father of Shechem! Why should we serve him?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
גַּ֣עַלGaalN proper · H1603Proper nameH1603 'Gaal'.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עֶ֗בֶדEbedN proper · עֶבֶד (H5651)Proper nameעֶבֶד (H5651) 'Ebed'.
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Interrogative particleמִי (H4310) 'who?'; opens a rhetorical formula ('who is the man who...') used repeatedly (vv.5-8) to enumerate exemption categories.
אֲבִימֶ֤לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וּמִֽיand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Interrogative particleמִי (H4310) 'who?'; opens a rhetorical formula ('who is the man who...') used repeatedly (vv.5-8) to enumerate exemption categories.
שְׁכֶם֙ShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
נַעַבְדֶ֔נּוּto serveQal impf 1cp + sfx 1cp · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַד (H5647).
הֲלֹ֥אis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
בֶןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יְרֻבַּ֖עַלJerubbaalN proper · H3378Proper nameH3378 'Jerubbaal'.
וּזְבֻ֣לandconj וְ + N proper · H2083Proper nameH2083 'and'.
פְּקִיד֑וֹoverseersN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · פָּקִיד (H6496)Construct chain (genitival)פָּקִיד (H6496) overseer, officer, deputy
עִבְד֗וּservedQal impv 2mp · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָבַד (H5647).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אַנְשֵׁ֤יthe men ofN com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
חֲמוֹר֙HamorN proper · חֲמוֹר (H2544)Proper nameחֲמוֹר (H2544) 'Hamor', the Hivite ruler of Shechem (Gen 34:2); his sons are the sellers of the plot.
אֲבִ֣יmy fatherN com m sg constr · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
שְׁכֶ֔םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וּמַדּ֖וּעַso whyconj וְ + interrog. · מַדּוּעַ (H4069)Interrogative particleמַדּוּעַ (H4069) 'why'; a pointed, accusatory question form.
נַעַבְדֶ֥נּוּto serveQal impf 1cp + sfx 1cp · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַד (H5647).
אֲנָֽחְנוּwepron 1cp · אֲנַחְנוּ (H587)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנַחְנוּ (H587) 'we'; independent pronoun, emphatic subject of the rhetorical question about going up.
29

וּמִ֨י יִתֵּ֜ן אֶת הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדִ֔י וְאָסִ֖ירָה אֶת אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ לַאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ רַבֶּ֥ה צְבָאֲךָ֖ וָצֵֽאָה

And would that this people were in my hand; then I would remove Abimelech. And he said to Abimelech, Enlarge your army and come out!

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'would give'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וּמִ֨יand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Interrogative particleמִי (H4310) 'who?'; opens a rhetorical formula ('who is the man who...') used repeatedly (vv.5-8) to enumerate exemption categories.
יִתֵּ֜ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הָעָ֤םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
הַזֶּה֙thisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
בְּיָדִ֔יin my handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
וְאָסִ֖ירָהhe shall remove itconj וְ + Hiphil impf 1cs · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסוּר (H5493) 'to turn aside, depart'; the first step of the apostasy-sequence — deviation from the commanded way.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙and he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לַאֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְto Abimelechprep + N proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
רַבֶּ֥הa shooter ofPiel impv 2ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָבָה (H7235) 'to be(come) many'; Hiphil causative, 'to multiply, make numerous' — fulfillment language echoing the patriarchal promise of innumerable offspring.
צְבָאֲךָ֖to warN com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'army, host, war'; states the military purpose of each tribal muster.
וָצֵֽאָהand went outconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + Sh · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
30

וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע זְבֻל֙ שַׂר הָעִ֔יר אֶת דִּבְרֵ֖י גַּ֣עַל בֶּן עָ֑בֶד וַיִּ֖חַר אַפּֽוֹ

And Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed, and his anger burned.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּשְׁמַ֗עand he heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
זְבֻל֙andN proper · זְבֻל (H2083)Proper nameH2083 'and'.
שַׂרchief ofN com m sg constr · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269); see v. 14.
הָעִ֔ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
דִּבְרֵ֖יthe words ofN com m pl constr · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing'; the Decalogue text (cf. עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, v.28), the covenant stipulations.
גַּ֣עַלGaalN proper · H1603Proper nameH1603 'Gaal'.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עָ֑בֶדEbedN proper · עֶבֶד (H5651)Proper nameעֶבֶד (H5651) 'Ebed'.
וַיִּ֖חַרand it burnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceTo burn, be kindled with anger.
אַפּֽוֹhis angerN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'nose, nostril', idiomatically 'anger' (from the flaring nostrils of rage); construct with יְהוָה, the fixed idiom חָרָה אַף, 'anger burned.'
31

וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח מַלְאָכִ֛ים אֶל אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בְּתָרְמָ֣ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּה֩ גַ֨עַל בֶּן עֶ֤בֶד וְאֶחָיו֙ בָּאִ֣ים שְׁכֶ֔מָה וְהִנָּ֛ם צָרִ֥ים אֶת הָעִ֖יר עָלֶֽיךָ

And he sent messengers to Abimelech in Tormah, saying, Behold, Gaal son of Ebed and his brothers are coming to Shechem, and they are stirring up the city against you.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֧חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the entire release-formula ('let my people go').
מַלְאָכִ֛יםmessengersN com m pl abs · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
בְּתָרְמָ֣הinprep + N proper · H8649Proper nameH8649 'in'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
הִנֵּה֩beholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
גַ֨עַלGaalN proper · H1603Proper nameH1603 'Gaal'.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עֶ֤בֶדEbedN proper · עֶבֶד (H5651)Proper nameעֶבֶד (H5651) 'Ebed'.
וְאֶחָיו֙and his brothersconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
בָּאִ֣יםare enteringQal ptc mp · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935).
שְׁכֶ֔מָהto ShechemN proper + Sd · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וְהִנָּ֛םand behold, they areconj וְ + adv. + sfx 3mp · הִנֵּה (H2009)Coordinating conjunctionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
צָרִ֥יםharassQal ptc mp · צָרַר (H6696)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַר (H6696) 'to bind, besiege, harass'; hostile pressure short of open war.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הָעִ֖ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
עָלֶֽיךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
32

וְעַתָּה֙ ק֣וּם לַ֔יְלָה אַתָּ֖ה וְהָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר אִתָּ֑ךְ וֶאֱרֹ֖ב בַּשָּׂדֶֽה

And now, arise by night, you and the people who are with you, and lie in wait in the field.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'rise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְעַתָּה֙and nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Coordinating conjunctionעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
ק֣וּםriseQal impv 2ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
לַ֔יְלָהby nightN com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'night'; the pivotal night of the tenth plague, the Passover meal, and the exodus — a night 'to be much observed' (v.42).
אַתָּ֖הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
וְהָעָ֣םand the peopleconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
אִתָּ֑ךְwith youprep + sfx 2fs · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phraseאֵת/אֶת (H854) 'with'; see v. 10.
וֶאֱרֹ֖בand lies in waitconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · אָרַב (H693)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
בַּשָּׂדֶֽהin the fieldprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Prepositional phraseשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
33

וְהָיָ֤ה בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ כִּזְרֹ֣חַ הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ תַּשְׁכִּ֖ים וּפָשַׁטְתָּ֣ עַל הָעִ֑יר וְהִנֵּה ה֞וּא וְהָעָ֤ם אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ֙ יֹצְאִ֣ים אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֥א יָדֶֽךָ

And in the morning, as soon as the sun rises, you shall make an early raid on the city; and behold, he and the people who are with him will come out against you, and you shall do to him as your hand finds.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and it shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וְהָיָ֤הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
בַבֹּ֨קֶר֙in the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Prepositional phraseבֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'.
כִּזְרֹ֣חַand he dawnedprep + Qal inf constr · זָרַח (H2224)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementזָרַח (H2224) 'to rise, shine' (of the sun); pictures YHWH's coming as a sunrise breaking from Seir/Edom, cf. Judg 5:4's identical geography. [source id 055ba]
הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121), see v.12.
תַּשְׁכִּ֖יםand he rose earlyHiphil impf 2ms · שָׁכַם (H7925)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁכַם (H7925) Hiphil 'to rise early, do promptly'; signals urgent, eager compliance in preparing the covenant ceremony.
וּפָשַׁטְתָּ֣and he shall take offconj וְ + Qal perf 2ms · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּשַׁט (H6584) Hiphil 'to strip off'; the brothers' first physical act — stripping the symbolic garment before casting Joseph into the pit.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הָעִ֑ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
וְהִנֵּהand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Coordinating conjunctionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
ה֞וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
וְהָעָ֤םand the peopleconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
אִתּוֹ֙with himprep + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phraseאֵת/אֶת (H854) 'with'; see v. 10.
יֹצְאִ֣יםflowing/going outQal ptc mp · יָצָא (H3318)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
אֵלֶ֔יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
וְעָשִׂ֣יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לּ֔וֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
תִּמְצָ֥אshe findsQal impf 3fs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalTo find, discover, encounter.
יָדֶֽךָyour handN com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'hand'.
34

וַיָּ֧קָם אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ וְכָל הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר עִמּ֖וֹ לָ֑יְלָה וַיֶּאֶרְב֣וּ עַל שְׁכֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה רָאשִֽׁים

And Abimelech and all the people who were with him arose by night and lay in wait against Shechem in four companies.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיָּ֧קָםand he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הָעָ֥םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
עִמּ֖וֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
לָ֑יְלָהby nightN com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'night'; the pivotal night of the tenth plague, the Passover meal, and the exodus — a night 'to be much observed' (v.42).
וַיֶּאֶרְב֣וּlying in ambushconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָרַב (H693)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
שְׁכֶ֔םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
אַרְבָּעָ֖הfourAdj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
רָאשִֽׁיםheadsN com m pl abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
35

וַיֵּצֵא֙ גַּ֣עַל בֶּן עֶ֔בֶד וַיַּעֲמֹ֕ד פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וַיָּ֧קָם אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ וְהָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר אִתּ֖וֹ מִן הַמַּאְרָֽב

And Gaal son of Ebed went out and stood at the entrance of the city gate, and Abimelech and the people who were with him rose from the ambush.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֵּצֵא֙and he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
גַּ֣עַלGaalN proper · H1603Proper nameH1603 'Gaal'.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עֶ֔בֶדEbedN proper · עֶבֶד (H5651)Proper nameעֶבֶד (H5651) 'Ebed'.
וַיַּעֲמֹ֕דand he stoodconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) 'to stand'.
פֶּ֖תַחthe entrance ofN com m sg constr · פֶּתַח (H6607)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּתַח (H6607) — see v. 4.
שַׁ֣עַרthe gate ofN com m sg constr · שַׁעַר (H8179)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'gate'.
הָעִ֑ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
וַיָּ֧קָםand he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וְהָעָ֥םand the peopleconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
אִתּ֖וֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phraseאֵת/אֶת (H854) 'with'; see v. 10.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הַמַּאְרָֽבthe ambush [place]art + N com m sg abs · מַאְרָב (H3993)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַאְרָב (H3993) 'ambush, lying-in-wait,' from אָרַב 'to lie in wait'; the appointed ambush position west of Ai.
36

וַיַּרְא גַּעַל֮ אֶת הָעָם֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל זְבֻ֔ל הִנֵּה עָ֣ם יוֹרֵ֔ד מֵרָאשֵׁ֖י הֶהָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ זְבֻ֔ל אֵ֣ת צֵ֧ל הֶהָרִ֛ים אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה כָּאֲנָשִֽׁים

And Gaal saw the people and said to Zebul, Behold, people are coming down from the tops of the mountains. And Zebul said to him, You are seeing the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיַּרְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200).
גַּעַל֮GaalN proper · H1603Proper nameH1603 'Gaal'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הָעָם֒the peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
זְבֻ֔לandN proper · זְבֻל (H2083)Proper nameH2083 'and'.
הִנֵּהbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
עָ֣םa peopleN com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
יוֹרֵ֔דand went downQal ptc ms · יָרַד (H3381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרַד (H3381) 'to go down'; Hiphil causative, 'to bring down' — the fruit is carried down from the hill country to Moses and the people at the camp.
מֵרָאשֵׁ֖יthe head ofprep + N com m pl constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Prepositional phraseרֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
הֶהָרִ֑יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022); see v.2.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
אֵלָיו֙to himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
זְבֻ֔לandN proper · זְבֻל (H2083)Proper nameH2083 'and'.
אֵ֣ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
צֵ֧לin the shadow ofN com m sg constr · צֵל (H6738)Construct chain (genitival)צֵל (H6738) 'shadow, shade, protection'; בְּצֵל קוֹרָתִי = 'under the shadow of my roof-beam'; a vivid image of the host's protective obligation.
הֶהָרִ֛יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022); see v.2.
אַתָּ֥הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
רֹאֶ֖הseeQal ptc ms · רָאָה (H7200)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָאָה (H7200).
כָּאֲנָשִֽׁיםa manprep + art + N com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Prepositional phraseאִישׁ (H376).
37

וַיֹּ֨סֶף ע֣וֹד גַּעַל֮ לְדַבֵּר֒ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה עָם֙ יֽוֹרְדִ֔ים מֵעִ֖ם טַבּ֣וּר הָאָ֑רֶץ וְרֹאשׁ אֶחָ֣ד בָּ֔א מִדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֵל֥וֹן מְעוֹנְנִֽים

And Gaal spoke yet again and said, Behold, people are coming down from the navel of the land, and one company is coming from the way of the oak of the diviners.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'then he shall add'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּ֨סֶףthen he shall addconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add'.
ע֣וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'still, yet, again'; with the negation, 'no longer'.
גַּעַל֮GaalN proper · H1603Proper nameH1603 'Gaal'.
לְדַבֵּר֒to speakprep + Piel inf constr · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complement'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
הִנֵּהbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
עָם֙a peopleN com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
יֽוֹרְדִ֔יםand went downQal ptc mp · יָרַד (H3381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרַד (H3381) 'to go down'; Hiphil causative, 'to bring down' — the fruit is carried down from the hill country to Moses and the people at the camp.
מֵעִ֖םfrom withprep + prep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
טַבּ֣וּרnavelN com m sg constr · טַבּוּר (H2872)Construct chain (genitival)טַבּוּר (H2872) 'navel'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
וְרֹאשׁthe head ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
אֶחָ֣דoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
בָּ֔אcameQal ptc ms · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935).
מִדֶּ֖רֶךְfrom the way ofprep + N com c sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Prepositional phraseדֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'road'.
אֵל֥וֹןoak ofN com m sg constr · אֵלוֹן (H436)Construct chain (genitival)אֵלוֹן (H436) 'oak, terebinth, large tree'; אֵלוֹנֵי מֹרֶה recalls Gen 12:6, where Abram first camped at 'the oak of Moreh' near Shechem — the same locale is now marked out for the blessing-and-curse ceremony.
מְעוֹנְנִֽיםa soothsayerPoel ptc mp · עָנַן (H6049)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָנַן (Poel of H6049), root uncertain, perhaps 'to cover with cloud' or linked to עַיִן 'eye'; a diviner reading omens -- traditionally 'soothsayer/augur'.
38

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו זְבֻ֗ל אַיֵּ֨ה אֵפ֥וֹא פִ֨יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמַ֔ר מִ֥י אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ כִּ֣י נַעַבְדֶ֑נּוּ הֲלֹ֨א זֶ֤ה הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָאַ֣סְתָּה בּ֔וֹ צֵא נָ֥א עַתָּ֖ה וְהִלָּ֥חֶם בּֽוֹ

And Zebul said to him, Where is your mouth now, you who said, Who is Abimelech, that we should serve him? Is this not the people you despised? Go out now, please, and fight them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
אֵלָ֜יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
זְבֻ֗לandN proper · זְבֻל (H2083)Proper nameH2083 'and'.
אַיֵּ֨הwhereinterrog. · אַיֵּה (H346)Interrogative particleאַיֵּה (H346) 'where'; with suffix, 'where is he?' — Reuel's incredulous rebuke at their failing to invite their benefactor.
אֵפ֥וֹאthenart · אֵפוֹא (H645)Particle or relational elementאֵפוֹא (H645) 'then, indeed'; an emphatic particle typical of pointed rhetorical questions.
פִ֨יךָ֙your mouthN com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310), see v.28.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
תֹּאמַ֔רyou shall sayQal impf 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559).
מִ֥יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Interrogative particleמִי (H4310) 'who?'; opens a rhetorical formula ('who is the man who...') used repeatedly (vv.5-8) to enumerate exemption categories.
אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
נַעַבְדֶ֑נּוּto serveQal impf 1cp + sfx 1cp · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַד (H5647).
הֲלֹ֨אis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
זֶ֤הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
הָעָם֙the peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
מָאַ֣סְתָּהdespiseQal perf 2ms · מָאַס (H3988)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָאַס (H3988) Qal 'to reject, despise, refuse'; strong verb of contempt, elsewhere used of covenant rejection - here directed at Job by mere children; source id 18MzY.
בּ֔וֹin itprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'in it'.
צֵאgo outQal impv 2ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
נָ֥אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
עַתָּ֖הnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
וְהִלָּ֥חֶםto fightconj וְ + Niphal impv 2ms · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלָחַם (H3898), see v.5.
בּֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'in it'.
39

וַיֵּ֣צֵא גַ֔עַל לִפְנֵ֖י בַּעֲלֵ֣י שְׁכֶ֑ם וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ

And Gaal went out before the lords of Shechem and fought with Abimelech.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיֵּ֣צֵאand he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
גַ֔עַלGaalN proper · H1603Proper nameH1603 'Gaal'.
לִפְנֵ֖יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
בַּעֲלֵ֣יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
שְׁכֶ֑םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וַיִּלָּ֖חֶםand he foughtconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָחַם (H3898), see v.5.
בַּאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְAbimelechprep + N proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
40

וַיִּרְדְּפֵ֣הוּ אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וַיָּ֖נָס מִפָּנָ֑יו וַֽיִּפְּל֛וּ חֲלָלִ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים עַד פֶּ֥תַח הַשָּֽׁעַר

And Abimelech pursued him, and he fled from before him, and many fell slain as far as the entrance of the gate.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they pursued'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּרְדְּפֵ֣הוּand they pursuedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · רָדַף (H7291)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָדַף (H7291).
אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וַיָּ֖נָסand fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּס (H5127) 'to flee'.
מִפָּנָ֑יוbefore himprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
וַֽיִּפְּל֛וּand they fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'to fall'.
חֲלָלִ֥יםslainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) properly 'pierced, fatally wounded'; used substantivally for a corpse — the anonymous slain man whose unknown killer triggers the whole rite.
רַבִּ֖יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'much, many'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
פֶּ֥תַחthe entrance ofN com m sg constr · פֶּתַח (H6607)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּתַח (H6607) — see v. 4.
הַשָּֽׁעַרthe gateart + N com m sg abs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'gate'.
41

וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בָּארוּמָ֑ה וַיְגָ֧רֶשׁ זְבֻ֛ל אֶת גַּ֥עַל וְאֶת אֶחָ֖יו מִשֶּׁ֥בֶת בִּשְׁכֶֽם

And Abimelech lived in Arumah, and Zebul drove out Gaal and his brothers from living in Shechem.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he dwelt'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיֵּ֥שֶׁבand he dweltconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
בָּארוּמָ֑הinprep + N proper · H725Proper nameH725 'in'.
וַיְגָ֧רֶשׁand he drove outconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · גָּרַשׁ (H1644)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּרַשׁ (H1644), Piel 'to drive out, expel'; moves from God's eternal nature to his concrete historical action in the conquest. [source id 05yGU]
זְבֻ֛לandN proper · זְבֻל (H2083)Proper nameH2083 'and'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
גַּ֥עַלGaalN proper · H1603Proper nameH1603 'Gaal'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֶחָ֖יוhis brothersN com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
מִשֶּׁ֥בֶתfor dwellingprep + Qal inf constr · יָשַׁב (H3427)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
בִּשְׁכֶֽםin Shechemprep + N proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
42

וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֵּצֵ֥א הָעָ֖ם הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּגִּ֖דוּ לַאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ

And the next day the people went out to the field, and they told Abimelech.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַֽיְהִי֙and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔תon the next dayprep + N com f sg abs · מָחֳרָת (H4283)Prepositional phraseמָחֳרָת (H4283) 'next day, morrow'; from a root meaning 'to be after/behind' — the day following the reunion meal of v.12.
וַיֵּצֵ֥אand he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
הַשָּׂדֶ֑הthe fieldart + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
וַיַּגִּ֖דוּand reportedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לַאֲבִימֶֽלֶךְto Abimelechprep + N proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
43

וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת הָעָ֗ם וַֽיֶּחֱצֵם֙ לִשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֔ים וַיֶּאֱרֹ֖ב בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה הָעָם֙ יֹצֵ֣א מִן הָעִ֔יר וַיָּ֥קָם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם וַיַּכֵּֽם

And he took the people and divided them into three companies and lay in wait in the field, and he looked, and behold, the people were coming out from the city, and he rose against them and struck them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיִּקַּ֣חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הָעָ֗םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
וַֽיֶּחֱצֵם֙and dividedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · חָצָה (H2673)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָצָה (H2673) 'to divide in half'.
לִשְׁלֹשָׁ֣הfor the thirteenprep + Adj c · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Prepositional phraseשְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three'.
רָאשִׁ֔יםheadsN com m pl abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
וַיֶּאֱרֹ֖בlying in ambushconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָרַב (H693)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
בַּשָּׂדֶ֑הin the fieldprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Prepositional phraseשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
וַיַּ֗רְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200).
וְהִנֵּ֤הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Coordinating conjunctionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
הָעָם֙the peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
יֹצֵ֣אone going out (to)Qal ptc ms · יָצָא (H3318)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הָעִ֔ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
וַיָּ֥קָםand he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֖םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
וַיַּכֵּֽםand he struck themconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike'.
44

וַאֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ וְהָרָאשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ פָּשְׁט֕וּ וַיַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וּשְׁנֵ֣י הָֽרָאשִׁ֗ים פָּֽשְׁט֛וּ עַֽל כָּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַיַּכּֽוּם

And Abimelech and the companies that were with him rushed forward and stood at the entrance of the city gate, and the two companies rushed upon all who were in the field and struck them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he shall take off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַאֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְbut Abimelechconj וְ + N proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וְהָרָאשִׁים֙the head ofconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
עִמּ֔וֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
פָּשְׁט֕וּand he shall take offQal perf 3cp · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּשַׁט (H6584) Hiphil 'to strip off'; the brothers' first physical act — stripping the symbolic garment before casting Joseph into the pit.
וַיַּ֣עַמְד֔וּand they stoodconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) 'to stand'.
פֶּ֖תַחthe entrance ofN com m sg constr · פֶּתַח (H6607)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּתַח (H6607) — see v. 4.
שַׁ֣עַרthe gate ofN com m sg constr · שַׁעַר (H8179)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'gate'.
הָעִ֑ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
וּשְׁנֵ֣יand twoconj וְ + Adj c det · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two', dual form of a root meaning 'to repeat, double'; counts the peace-offering oxen.
הָֽרָאשִׁ֗יםthe head ofart + N com m pl abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
פָּֽשְׁט֛וּand he shall take offQal perf 3cp · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּשַׁט (H6584) Hiphil 'to strip off'; the brothers' first physical act — stripping the symbolic garment before casting Joseph into the pit.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בַּשָּׂדֶ֖הin the fieldprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Prepositional phraseשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
וַיַּכּֽוּםand they struck themconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike'.
45

וַאֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ נִלְחָ֣ם בָּעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וַיִּלְכֹּד֙ אֶת הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר בָּ֖הּ הָרָ֑ג וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְרָעֶ֖הָ מֶֽלַח

And Abimelech fought against the city all that day, and he captured the city and killed the people who were in it, and he tore down the city and sowed it with salt.

Shechem captured, sown with salt
The day's fighting ends in capture, slaughter, razing, and salting — a city unmade.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַאֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְbut Abimelechconj וְ + N proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
נִלְחָ֣םfoughtNiphal ptc ms · לָחַם (H3898)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלָחַם (H3898), see v.5.
בָּעִ֗ירin the cityprep + art + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Prepositional phraseעִיר (H5892) 'city'.
כֹּ֚לallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הַיּ֣וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַה֔וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
וַיִּלְכֹּד֙and was takenconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָכַד (H3920)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָכַד (H3920), see v.1.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הָעִ֔ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הָעָ֥םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בָּ֖הּin itprep + sfx 3fsPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'in it'.
הָרָ֑גsurelyQal perf 3ms · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill'; the infinitive absolute before the finite verb of the same root produces the emphatic 'you shall surely kill.'
וַיִּתֹּץ֙you shall tear downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַץ (H5422)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַץ (H5422) 'to tear down, break down'; Piel intensive, of demolishing altars. Source id 056pa.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הָעִ֔ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
וַיִּזְרָעֶ֖הָyou shall sowconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · זָרַע (H2232)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceזָרַע (H2232) 'to sow'; imperfect here expressing habitual past action, the routine of Egyptian farming.
מֶֽלַחsaltN com m sg abs · מֶלַח (H4417)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלַח (H4417) 'salt'; paired with sulfur, the twin marks of a land rendered permanently barren.
46

וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֔וּ כָּֽל בַּעֲלֵ֖י מִֽגְדַּל שְׁכֶ֑ם וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל צְרִ֔יחַ בֵּ֖ית אֵ֥ל בְּרִֽית

And all the lords of the Tower of Shechem heard, and they went into the crypt of the house of El-berith.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֔וּand they heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
כָּֽלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בַּעֲלֵ֖יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
מִֽגְדַּלand a towerN com c sg constr · מִגְדָּל (H4026)Construct chain (genitival)מִגְדָּל (H4026) 'tower, fortress'; from גָּדַל 'to be great'; the monument whose top aspires to the heavens.
שְׁכֶ֑םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וַיָּבֹ֣אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
צְרִ֔יחַinner chamberN com m sg constr · צְרִיחַ (H6877)Construct chain (genitival)צְרִיחַ (H6877) 'inner chamber'.
בֵּ֖יתthe house ofN com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
אֵ֥לGodN proper · אֵל (H410)Proper nameאֵל (H410), the generic Semitic word for 'God/deity'; appositional to the covenant name, grounding the following attribute-list in the being of God himself.
בְּרִֽיתBerithN proper · בְּרִית (H1286)Proper nameבְּרִית (H1286) 'Berith'.
47

וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לַאֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י הִֽתְקַבְּצ֔וּ כָּֽל בַּעֲלֵ֖י מִֽגְדַּל שְׁכֶֽם

And it was told to Abimelech that all the lords of the Tower of Shechem had gathered.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and it was told'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיֻּגַּ֖דand it was toldconj וְ + Hophal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לַאֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְto Abimelechprep + N proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
הִֽתְקַבְּצ֔וּyou shall gatherHithpael perf 3cp · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָבַץ (H6908) 'to gather, collect'; the spoil must first be assembled centrally before its destruction, ensuring nothing is quietly diverted.
כָּֽלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בַּעֲלֵ֖יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
מִֽגְדַּלand a towerN com c sg constr · מִגְדָּל (H4026)Construct chain (genitival)מִגְדָּל (H4026) 'tower, fortress'; from גָּדַל 'to be great'; the monument whose top aspires to the heavens.
שְׁכֶֽםShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
48

וַיַּ֨עַל אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ הַר צַלְמ֗וֹן הוּא֮ וְכָל הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ֒ וַיִּקַּח֩ אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ אֶת הַקַּרְדֻּמּ֜וֹת בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּכְרֹת֙ שׂוֹכַ֣ת עֵצִ֔ים וַיִּ֨שָּׂאֶ֔הָ וַיָּ֖שֶׂם עַל שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֶל הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר עִמּ֗וֹ מָ֤ה רְאִיתֶם֙ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מַהֲר֖וּ עֲשׂ֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי

And Abimelech went up Mount Zalmon, he and all the people who were with him, and Abimelech took axes in his hand and cut a brushwood of trees and lifted it and set it on his shoulder, and he said to the people who were with him, What you have seen me do, hurry, do as I have.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
וַיַּ֨עַלand he went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
הַרMountN com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022); see v.2.
צַלְמ֗וֹןZalmonN proper · צַלְמוֹן (H6756)Proper nameצַלְמוֹן (H6756) 'Zalmon'.
הוּא֮hepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הָעָ֣םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
אִתּוֹ֒with himprep + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phraseאֵת/אֶת (H854) 'with'; see v. 10.
וַיִּקַּח֩and he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הַקַּרְדֻּמּ֜וֹתaxesart + N com c pl abs · קַרְדֹּם (H7134)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קַרְדֹּם (H7134) 'axes'.
בְּיָד֗וֹin his handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
וַיִּכְרֹת֙and he cut offconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּרַת (H3772) Hiphil 'to cut off, destroy'; YHWH as the true agent of conquest, going before Israel. Source id 05NA8.
שׂוֹכַ֣תbranchN com f sg constr · שׂוֹךְ (H7754)Construct chain (genitival)שׂוֹךְ (H7754) 'branch'.
עֵצִ֔יםwoodN com m pl abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'.
וַיִּ֨שָּׂאֶ֔הָto carryconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry, bear'.
וַיָּ֖שֶׂםand he setconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760), put, place, set
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
שִׁכְמ֑וֹhis shoulderN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שְׁכֶם (H7926)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁכֶם (H7926) 'shoulder'; the whole scene captures the utter haste of the departure.
וַיֹּ֜אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָעָ֣םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
עִמּ֗וֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
מָ֤הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
רְאִיתֶם֙you have seenQal perf 2mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200).
עָשִׂ֔יתִיI have doneQal perf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
מַהֲר֖וּhurry!Piel impv 2mp · מָהַר (H4116)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָהַר (H4116) Piel 'to hurry, hasten'; Pharaoh's urgency signals genuine alarm at the plague's severity.
עֲשׂ֥וּthey didQal impv 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
כָמֽוֹנִיlike itprep + sfx 1cs · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Prepositional phraseכְּמוֹ (H3644) with 1cs suffix, 'like me'; Moses' own self-comparison, the ground of this text's later messianic reading (Acts 3:22; 7:37) -- a prophet in Moses' unique mediatorial mold.
49

וַיִּכְרְת֨וּ גַם כָּל הָעָ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ שׂוֹכֹ֗ה וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ אַחֲרֵ֤י אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ֙ וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ עַֽל הַצְּרִ֔יחַ וַיַּצִּ֧יתוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם אֶֽת הַצְּרִ֖יחַ בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיָּמֻ֜תוּ גַּ֣ם כָּל אַנְשֵׁ֧י מִֽגְדַּל שְׁכֶ֛ם כְּאֶ֖לֶף אִ֥ישׁ וְאִשָּֽׁה

And all the people also cut, each man, his brushwood, and they went after Abimelech and set them against the crypt and set the crypt on fire over them, so that all the men of the Tower of Shechem died also, about a thousand men and women.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they cut'.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
וַיִּכְרְת֨וּand they cutconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּרַת (H3772) Hiphil 'to cut off, destroy'; YHWH as the true agent of conquest, going before Israel. Source id 05NA8.
גַםalsoart · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) also, both, even
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הָעָ֜םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
שׂוֹכֹ֗הbranchN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שׂוֹךְ (H7754)Construct chain (genitival)שׂוֹךְ (H7754) 'branch'.
וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּand they wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
אַחֲרֵ֤יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ֙AbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּand they putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760), put, place, set
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הַצְּרִ֔יחַinner chamberart + N com m sg abs · צְרִיחַ (H6877)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְרִיחַ (H6877) 'inner chamber'.
וַיַּצִּ֧יתוּand they set on fireconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · יָצַת (H3341)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצַת (H3341) 'to kindle, set ablaze'; Hiphil causative, 'cause to burn'; the חֵרֶם-signal command echoing Jericho's burning (6:24).
עֲלֵיהֶ֛םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הַצְּרִ֖יחַinner chamberart + N com m sg abs · צְרִיחַ (H6877)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְרִיחַ (H6877) 'inner chamber'.
בָּאֵ֑שׁwith fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Prepositional phraseאֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
וַיָּמֻ֜תוּand they diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
גַּ֣םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) also, both, even
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אַנְשֵׁ֧יthe men ofN com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
מִֽגְדַּלand a towerN com c sg constr · מִגְדָּל (H4026)Construct chain (genitival)מִגְדָּל (H4026) 'tower, fortress'; from גָּדַל 'to be great'; the monument whose top aspires to the heavens.
שְׁכֶ֛םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
כְּאֶ֖לֶףthousandprep + Adj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Prepositional phraseאֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
וְאִשָּֽׁהand a womanconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
50

וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ אֶל תֵּבֵ֑ץ וַיִּ֥חַן בְּתֵבֵ֖ץ וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ

And Abimelech went to Thebez and encamped against Thebez and captured it.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
תֵּבֵ֑ץThebezN proper · H8405Proper nameH8405 'Thebez'.
וַיִּ֥חַןand ... encampedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָנָה (H2583)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָנָה (H2583) 'to encamp'.
בְּתֵבֵ֖ץThebezprep + N proper · H8405Proper nameH8405 'Thebez'.
וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּand he captured itconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · לָכַד (H3920)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָכַד (H3920), see v.1.
51

וּמִגְדַּל עֹז֮ הָיָ֣ה בְתוֹךְ הָעִיר֒ וַיָּנֻ֨סוּ שָׁ֜מָּה כָּל הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים וְהַנָּשִׁ֗ים וְכֹל֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר וַֽיִּסְגְּר֖וּ בַּעֲדָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ עַל גַּ֥ג הַמִּגְדָּֽל

And there was a strong tower in the midst of the city, and all the men and women and all the lords of the city fled there and shut themselves in and went up on the roof of the tower.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וּמִגְדַּלand a towerconj וְ + N com c sg constr · מִגְדָּל (H4026)Construct chain (genitival)מִגְדָּל (H4026) 'tower, fortress'; from גָּדַל 'to be great'; the monument whose top aspires to the heavens.
עֹז֮strengthN com m sg abs · עֹז (H5797)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹז (H5797) 'strength, might'; construct + suffix, opening a triad of epithets (strength / song / salvation) in staccato apposition typical of archaic hymnic style.
הָיָ֣הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
בְתוֹךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Prepositional phraseתָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst'.
הָעִיר֒the cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
וַיָּנֻ֨סוּand they fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּס (H5127) 'to flee'.
שָׁ֜מָּהthereart + Sd · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הָאֲנָשִׁ֣יםthe menart + N com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
וְהַנָּשִׁ֗יםand the womenconj וְ + art + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וְכֹל֙and allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בַּעֲלֵ֣יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
הָעִ֔ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
וַֽיִּסְגְּר֖וּthey shutconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · סָגַר (H5462)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָגַר (H5462) 'to shut, close'; in Hiphil, 'to hand over, extradite' — the very act ancient Near Eastern treaties typically required and this law forbids.
בַּעֲדָ֑םand forprep + sfx 3mp · בְּעַד (H1157)Prepositional phraseבְּעַד (H1157) 'behind, on behalf of'; the preposition of intercessory advocacy, 'for/on behalf of Aaron'.
וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּand they went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
גַּ֥גits topN com m sg constr · גָּג (H1406)Construct chain (genitival)גָּג (H1406) 'roof'; flat roofs in Israelite houses served as living and working space, hence the safety requirement.
הַמִּגְדָּֽלthe towerart + N com c sg abs · מִגְדָּל (H4026)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִגְדָּל (H4026) 'tower, fortress'; from גָּדַל 'to be great'; the monument whose top aspires to the heavens.
52

וַיָּבֹ֤א אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ֙ עַד הַמִּגְדָּ֔ל וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בּ֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֛שׁ עַד פֶּ֥תַח הַמִּגְדָּ֖ל לְשָׂרְפ֥וֹ בָאֵֽשׁ

And Abimelech came as far as the tower and fought against it, and he drew near to the entrance of the tower to burn it with fire.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיָּבֹ֤אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ֙AbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הַמִּגְדָּ֔לthe towerart + N com c sg abs · מִגְדָּל (H4026)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִגְדָּל (H4026) 'tower, fortress'; from גָּדַל 'to be great'; the monument whose top aspires to the heavens.
וַיִּלָּ֖חֶםand he foughtconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָחַם (H3898), see v.5.
בּ֑וֹin itprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'in it'.
וַיִּגַּ֛שׁand he drew nearconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַשׁ (H5066) Niphal 'draw near, approach'; the priest's ritual approach to address the troops.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
פֶּ֥תַחthe entrance ofN com m sg constr · פֶּתַח (H6607)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּתַח (H6607) — see v. 4.
הַמִּגְדָּ֖לthe towerart + N com c sg abs · מִגְדָּל (H4026)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִגְדָּל (H4026) 'tower, fortress'; from גָּדַל 'to be great'; the monument whose top aspires to the heavens.
לְשָׂרְפ֥וֹyou shall burnprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · שָׂרַף (H8313)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׂרַף (H8313) 'to burn'; complete destruction by fire, the fate of the Asherim. Source id 05ZxC.
בָאֵֽשׁwith fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Prepositional phraseאֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
53

וַתַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְ אִשָּׁ֥ה אַחַ֛ת פֶּ֥לַח רֶ֖כֶב עַל רֹ֣אשׁ אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַתָּ֖רִץ אֶת גֻּלְגָּלְתּֽוֹ

And a certain woman threw an upper millstone on Abimelech's head and crushed his skull.

A woman, a millstone, a skull
One woman throws a millstone (פֶּלַח רֶכֶב) and cracks the skull — the 'lest they say a woman killed him' of v.54 already true, as with Jael.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַתַּשְׁלֵ֞ךְand she castconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַךְ (H7993) Hiphil.
אִשָּׁ֥הa womanN com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
אַחַ֛תoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
פֶּ֥לַחupper millstoneN com f sg constr · פֶּלַח (H6400)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּלַח (H6400) 'upper millstone'.
רֶ֖כֶבchariots ofN com m sg abs · רֶכֶב (H7393)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶכֶב (H7393).
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
רֹ֣אשׁthe head ofN com m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וַתָּ֖רִץand crushedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · רָצַץ (H7533)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָצַץ (H7533) Qal passive participle 'crushed, broken'; replaces v. 29's גָּזוּל ('robbed') with a harsher term, intensifying the refrain.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
גֻּלְגָּלְתּֽוֹby their skullsN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · גֻּלְגֹּלֶת (H1538)Construct chain (genitival)גֻּלְגֹּלֶת (H1538) 'skull, head'; individual, head-by-head enumeration.
54

וַיִּקְרָ֨א מְהֵרָ֜ה אֶל הַנַּ֣עַר נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ שְׁלֹ֤ף חַרְבְּךָ֙ וּמ֣וֹתְתֵ֔נִי פֶּן יֹ֥אמְרוּ לִ֖י אִשָּׁ֣ה הֲרָגָ֑תְהוּ וַיִּדְקְרֵ֥הוּ נַעֲר֖וֹ וַיָּמֹֽת

And he quickly called to the young man who carried his armor and said to him, Draw your sword and kill me, lest they say of me, A woman killed him. And his young man stabbed him, and he died.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיִּקְרָ֨אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon'.
מְהֵרָ֜הquicklyN com f sg abs · מְהֵרָה (H4120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְהֵרָה (H4120) 'speed, haste', used adverbially 'quickly, swiftly'; underscores the abruptness of the reversal from the earlier picture of secure, long-term abundance.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַנַּ֣עַרthe boyart + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'youth, young man'; paired with זָקֵן for a merism of all ages, none spared.
נֹשֵׂ֣אlifts upQal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry, bear'.
כֵלָ֗יוits vesselsN com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, article, implement'; 'articles of silver and gold' — the plundered goods Israel takes from the Egyptians (v.35).
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לוֹ֙to himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
שְׁלֹ֤ףhe drew outQal impv 2ms · שָׁלַף (H8025)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁלַף (H8025) 'to draw out, unsheathe'; passive participle, 'drawn' — signals immediate readiness for combat, heightening the tension of the confrontation.
חַרְבְּךָ֙your tool/swordN com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719), see v.11.
וּמ֣וֹתְתֵ֔נִיand he diedconj וְ + Polel impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Coordinating conjunctionפֶּן (H6435); see v.5.
יֹ֥אמְרוּthey sayQal impf 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559).
לִ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to me'.
אִשָּׁ֣הa womanN com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
הֲרָגָ֑תְהוּthey killedQal perf 3fs + sfx 3ms · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill'; the infinitive absolute before the finite verb of the same root produces the emphatic 'you shall surely kill.'
וַיִּדְקְרֵ֥הוּand he pierced throughconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · דָּקַר (H1856)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדָּקַר (H1856) 'to pierce, thrust through'; a brutal verb (elsewhere of mortal wounding/execution, e.g. Judg 9:54); Phinehas's spear runs through both bodies in a single thrust.
נַעֲר֖וֹthe boyN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'youth, young man'; paired with זָקֵן for a merism of all ages, none spared.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
55

וַיִּרְא֥וּ אִֽישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ

And the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, and they went, each man to his place.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיִּרְא֥וּand they sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200).
אִֽישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
מֵ֣תdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
וַיֵּלְכ֖וּand they wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
אִ֥ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
לִמְקֹמֽוֹto his placeprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מָקוֹם (H4725)Prepositional phraseמָקוֹם (H4725); see v.2.
56

וַיָּ֣שֶׁב אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֵ֖ת רָעַ֣ת אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְאָבִ֔יו לַהֲרֹ֖ג אֶת שִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶחָֽיו

And God returned the evil of Abimelech, which he had done to his father in killing his seventy brothers.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he returned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיָּ֣שֶׁבand he returnedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725).
אֱלֹהִ֔יםGodN com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
אֵ֖ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
רָעַ֣תwickedness ofN com f sg constr · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) bad, evil
אֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
עָשָׂה֙he didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לְאָבִ֔יוto his fatherprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Prepositional phraseאָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
לַהֲרֹ֖גto killprep + Qal inf constr · הָרַג (H2026)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill'; the infinitive absolute before the finite verb of the same root produces the emphatic 'you shall surely kill.'
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
שִׁבְעִ֥יםseventyAdj c · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy', plural of שֶׁבַע 'seven'; the basin's fixed weight in shekels.
אֶחָֽיוhis brothersN com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
57

וְאֵ֗ת כָּל רָעַת֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁכֶ֔ם הֵשִׁ֥יב אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּרֹאשָׁ֑ם וַתָּבֹ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם קִֽלֲלַ֖ת יוֹתָ֥ם בֶּן יְרֻבָּֽעַל

And all the evil of the men of Shechem God returned on their heads, and the curse of Jotham son of Jerubbaal came upon them.

Jotham's curse arrives
The closing ledger: God returns evil on both heads; Jotham's curse 'comes' to them.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְאֵ֗תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
רָעַת֙wickedness ofN com f sg constr · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) bad, evil
אַנְשֵׁ֣יthe men ofN com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
שְׁכֶ֔םShechemN proper · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
הֵשִׁ֥יבhe brought backHiphil perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725).
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
בְּרֹאשָׁ֑םon their headsprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Prepositional phraseרֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
וַתָּבֹ֣אand she cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
אֲלֵיהֶ֔םto themprep + sfx 3mp · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
קִֽלֲלַ֖תa curse ofN com f sg constr · קְלָלָה (H7045)Construct chain (genitival)קְלָלָה (H7045), from קָלַל 'to be light/slight, to curse'; the covenant curse of dispossession and disaster that vv.28 and Deut 28 spell out in full.
יוֹתָ֥םJothamN proper · H3147Proper nameH3147 'Jotham'.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יְרֻבָּֽעַלJerubbaalN proper · H3378Proper nameH3378 'Jerubbaal'.