1
וַיָּקָם֩ אַחֲרֵ֨י אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ לְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל תּוֹלָ֧ע בֶּן פּוּאָ֛ה בֶּן דּוֹד֖וֹ אִ֣ישׁ יִשָּׂשכָ֑ר וְהֽוּא יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּשָׁמִ֖יר בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם
And after Abimelech there arose to save Israel Tola son of Puah, son of Dodo, a man of Issachar, and he lived at Shamir in the hill country of Ephraim.
A minor judge of Issachar at Shamir 'saves' Israel after the Shechem disaster — the first breath after chapter 9.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיָּקָם֩and he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
אַחֲרֵ֨יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְAbimelechN proper · אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40)Proper nameאֲבִימֶלֶךְ (H40) 'my father is king'; Philistine royal whose relative integrity God will acknowledge in v.6.
לְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַto saveprep + Hiphil inf constr · יָשַׁע (H3467)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁע (H3467) Hiphil 'save, deliver'; the ultimate goal of YHWH's presence in battle — victory belongs to him, not Israel's arms.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
תּוֹלָ֧עTolaN proper · תּוֹלָע (H8439)Proper nameתּוֹלָע (H8439) 'Tola, worm/crimson grub'; first son of Issachar; ancestor of the Tolaite clan (Num 26:23).
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
פּוּאָ֛הand PuvahN proper · פֻּוָּה (H6312)Proper nameפֻּוָּה (H6312) 'Puvah, mouth/blast'; second son of Issachar; appears as פֻּוָה in Num 26:23.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
דּוֹד֖וֹDodoN proper · H1734Proper nameH1734 'Dodo'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשָּׂשכָ֑רIssacharN proper · יִשָּׂשכָר (H3485)Proper nameיִשָּׂשכָר (H3485), son of Leah; completes the Leah-descended tribes on the blessing side (with Simeon, Levi, Judah).
וְהֽוּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
יֹשֵׁ֥בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
בְּשָׁמִ֖ירShamirprep + N proper · שָׁמִיר (H8069)Proper nameשָׁמִיר (H8069), a hill-country town of Judah; site uncertain, possibly Khirbet Somerah south of Hebron; distinct from the Shamir of Ephraim (Judg 10:1). Source id 06T7k.
בְּהַ֥רon the mountainprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Prepositional phraseהַר (H2022); see v.2.
אֶפְרָֽיִםEphraimN proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
2
וַיִּשְׁפֹּט֙ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖שׁ שָׁנָ֑ה וַיָּ֖מָת וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר בְּשָׁמִֽיר
And he judged Israel twenty-three years, and he died and was buried at Shamir.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and judge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיִּשְׁפֹּט֙and judgeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַט (H8199) 'to judge'; Qal participle used substantivally, 'your judges' — the officials of v.15 now specifically addressed in their judicial capacity.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
עֶשְׂרִ֥יםtwentyAdj c · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
וְשָׁלֹ֖שׁand threeconj וְ + Adj c · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three'.
שָׁנָ֑הyearsN com f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
וַיָּ֖מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
וַיִּקָּבֵ֥רand he was buriedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַר (H6912) 'to bury'; Niphal passive — Aaron 'was buried' there, at Moserah/Mount Hor.
בְּשָׁמִֽירShamirprep + N proper · שָׁמִיר (H8069)Proper nameשָׁמִיר (H8069), a hill-country town of Judah; site uncertain, possibly Khirbet Somerah south of Hebron; distinct from the Shamir of Ephraim (Judg 10:1). Source id 06T7k.
3
וַיָּ֣קָם אַחֲרָ֔יו יָאִ֖יר הַגִּלְעָדִ֑י וַיִּשְׁפֹּט֙ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם שָׁנָֽה
And after him arose Jair the Gileadite, and he judged Israel twenty-two years.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיָּ֣קָםand he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
אַחֲרָ֔יוafter himprep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
יָאִ֖ירJairN proper · יָאִיר (H2971)Proper nameיָאִיר (H2971), a Manassite clan leader (cf. Num 32:41), who steps into the narrative by name. Source id 05S6i.
הַגִּלְעָדִ֑יthe Gileaditesart + N gentilic m sg abs · גִּלְעָדִי (H1569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְעָדִי (H1569), gentilic of גִּלְעָד.
וַיִּשְׁפֹּט֙and judgeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַט (H8199) 'to judge'; Qal participle used substantivally, 'your judges' — the officials of v.15 now specifically addressed in their judicial capacity.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
עֶשְׂרִ֥יםtwentyAdj c · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
וּשְׁתַּ֖יִםand twoconj וְ + Adj c det · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two', dual form of a root meaning 'to repeat, double'; counts the peace-offering oxen.
שָׁנָֽהyearsN com f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
4
וַֽיְהִי ל֞וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּנִ֗ים רֹֽכְבִים֙ עַל שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים עֲיָרִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים עֲיָרִ֖ים לָהֶ֑ם לָהֶ֞ם יִקְרְא֣וּ חַוֺּ֣ת יָאִ֗יר עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הַגִּלְעָֽד
And he had thirty sons who rode on thirty donkeys, and they had thirty donkey-towns; they call them Havvoth-jair to this day, which are in the land of Gilead.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַֽיְהִיand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
ל֞וֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםthirtyAdj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
בָּנִ֗יםsonsN com m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
רֹֽכְבִים֙and its riderQal ptc mp · רָכַב (H7392)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָכַב (H7392) Hiphil 'cause to ride, mount'; God enthroning/elevating Israel triumphantly upon the heights of the land. source id 05GNR.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםthirtyAdj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
עֲיָרִ֔יםhis foalN com m pl abs · עַיִר (H5895)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִר (H5895) 'young male donkey, colt'; male counterpart to the female donkeys.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥יםand thirtyconj וְ + Adj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
עֲיָרִ֖יםhis foalN com m pl abs · עַיִר (H5895)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִר (H5895) 'young male donkey, colt'; male counterpart to the female donkeys.
לָהֶ֑םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
לָהֶ֞םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
יִקְרְא֣וּcallQal impf 3mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon'.
חַוֺּ֣תthe villages ofN com f pl constr · חַוָּה (H2334)Construct chain (genitival)חַוָּה (H2334) 'tent-village, encampment', construct plural; forms the compound place-name חַוֹּת יָאִיר 'Havvoth-jair.' Source id 0525j.
יָאִ֗ירJairN proper · חַוָּה (H2334)Proper nameחַוָּה (H2334) 'tent-village, encampment', construct plural; forms the compound place-name חַוֹּת יָאִיר 'Havvoth-jair.' Source id 0525j.
עַ֚דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הַיּ֣וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
אֲשֶׁ֖רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בְּאֶ֥רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phraseאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
הַגִּלְעָֽדGileadart + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
5
וַיָּ֣מָת יָאִ֔יר וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּקָמֽוֹן
And Jair died and was buried in Kamon.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he died'.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
וַיָּ֣מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
יָאִ֔ירJairN proper · יָאִיר (H2971)Proper nameיָאִיר (H2971), a Manassite clan leader (cf. Num 32:41), who steps into the narrative by name. Source id 05S6i.
וַיִּקָּבֵ֖רand he was buriedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַר (H6912) 'to bury'; Niphal passive — Aaron 'was buried' there, at Moserah/Mount Hor.
בְּקָמֽוֹןKamonprep + N proper · H7056Proper nameH7056 'Kamon'.
6
וַיֹּסִ֣פוּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וַיַּעַבְד֣וּ אֶת הַבְּעָלִ֣ים וְאֶת הָעַשְׁתָּר֡וֹת וְאֶת אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲרָם֩ וְאֶת אֱלֹהֵ֨י צִיד֜וֹן וְאֵ֣ת אֱלֹהֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י בְנֵי עַמּ֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת אֱלֹהֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּעַזְב֥וּ אֶת יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוּהוּ
And the sons of Israel again did what was evil in the eyes of YHWH, and they served the Baals and the Ashtaroth and the gods of Aram and the gods of Sidon and the gods of Moab and the gods of the sons of Ammon and the gods of the Philistines, and they abandoned YHWH and did not serve him.
Seven deities/nations named; Israel abandons YHWH completely. The cycle's sin-clause is at maximum.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
וַיֹּסִ֣פוּand shall continueconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
לַעֲשׂ֣וֹתto doprep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
הָרַע֮the evilart + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) bad, evil
בְּעֵינֵ֣יin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Prepositional phraseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'.
יְהוָה֒YHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
וַיַּעַבְד֣וּand they servedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַד (H5647).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הַבְּעָלִ֣יםthe Baalsart + N proper · בַּעַל (H1168)Proper nameבַּעַל (H1168) 'lord, master', the Canaanite storm-and-fertility god; plural הַבְּעָלִים denotes the various local manifestations/cult-sites of Baal worshiped across Canaan.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הָעַשְׁתָּר֡וֹתin Ashtarothart + N proper · עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (H6252)Proper nameעַשְׁתָּרוֹת (H6252), Ashtaroth, one of Og's royal cities, named for the goddess Astarte.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN com m pl constr · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
אֲרָם֩AramN proper · אֲרָם (H758)Proper nameאֲרָם (H758), son of Shem; ancestor of the Arameans; Aramaic became the lingua franca of the ANE.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֱלֹהֵ֨יthe God ofN com m pl constr · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
צִיד֜וֹןSidonN proper · צִידוֹן (H6721)Proper nameצִידוֹן (H6721), son of Canaan; eponym of Sidon, major Phoenician port city on the Lebanese coast.
וְאֵ֣תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN com m pl constr · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
מוֹאָ֗בMoabN proper · מוֹאָב (H4124)Proper nameמוֹאָב (H4124).
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN com m pl constr · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
בְנֵיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמּ֔וֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Proper nameעַמּוֹן (H5983), the Ammonites, also descended from Lot (Gen 19:38), Israel's next kin-neighbor after Moab.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN com m pl constr · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֑יםthe PhilistinesN gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430), gentilic of פְּלֶשֶׁת; the short Mediterranean coastal road (later 'Via Maris'), avoided precisely because it was the most direct and most militarily exposed route.
וַיַּעַזְב֥וּand they forsookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָזַב (H5800) 'to forsake, abandon, leave'; the danger being warned against — neglecting the landless Levite once local worship (v.15's concession) makes the sanctuary visit less routine. Source id 05vF1.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
עֲבָדֽוּהוּto serveQal perf 3cp + sfx 3ms · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַד (H5647).
7
וַיִּֽחַר אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵם֙ בְּיַד פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְיַ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן
And the anger of YHWH burned against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the sons of Ammon.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and it burned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּֽחַרand it burnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceTo burn, be kindled with anger.
אַ֥ףthe anger ofparticle · אַף (H639)Particle or relational elementאַף (H639) 'nose, nostril', idiomatically 'anger' (from the flaring nostrils of rage); construct with יְהוָה, the fixed idiom חָרָה אַף, 'anger burned.'
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵם֙and he sold themconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · מָכַר (H4376)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָכַר (H4376) 'to sell'; infinitive absolute used verbally, 'or [you may] sell [it]' — a commercial transaction with the non-resident foreigner, contrasted with the charitable gift to the resident sojourner.
בְּיַדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430), gentilic of פְּלֶשֶׁת; the short Mediterranean coastal road (later 'Via Maris'), avoided precisely because it was the most direct and most militarily exposed route.
וּבְיַ֖דand by a handconj וְ + prep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'hand'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמּֽוֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Proper nameעַמּוֹן (H5983), the Ammonites, also descended from Lot (Gen 19:38), Israel's next kin-neighbor after Moab.
8
וַֽיִּרְעֲצ֤וּ וַיְרֹֽצְצוּ֙ אֶת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑יא שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה שָׁנָ֗ה אֶֽת כָּל בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּגִּלְעָֽד
And they shattered and crushed the sons of Israel that year — eighteen years — all the sons of Israel who were beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorite, which is in Gilead.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'shatters'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַֽיִּרְעֲצ֤וּshattersconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · רָעַץ (H7492)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָעַץ (H7492) 'to shatter, smash'; vivid verb of violent destruction — the right hand as an active weapon.
וַיְרֹֽצְצוּ֙and crushedconj וְ + Poel wayyiqtol 3mp · רָצַץ (H7533)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָצַץ (H7533) Qal passive participle 'crushed, broken'; replaces v. 29's גָּזוּל ('robbed') with a harsher term, intensifying the refrain.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
בַּשָּׁנָ֖הin the yearprep + art + N com f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Prepositional phraseשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
הַהִ֑יאthatart + pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
שְׁמֹנֶ֨הeightAdj c · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; completes 'thirty-eight'.
עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה-teenAdj c · עָשָׂר (H6240)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׂר (H6240), the teens-forming element '-teen'; combines with a units numeral (e.g. עַשְׁתֵּי or שְׁנֵים) to form 'eleven', 'twelve', etc.
שָׁנָ֗הyearsN com f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בְּנֵ֤יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֲשֶׁר֙thatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בְּעֵ֣בֶרbeyondprep + N com m sg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Prepositional phraseעֵבֶר (H5676) 'region across/beyond', from עבר 'to cross'; 'across/beyond the Jordan' — spoken from a Transjordanian vantage looking toward Canaan.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןthe Jordanart + N proper · הַיַּרְדֵּן (H3383)Proper nameיַרְדֵּן (H3383).
בְּאֶ֥רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phraseאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
הָאֱמֹרִ֖יthe Amoriteart + N gentilic m sg abs · אֱמֹרִי (H567)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱמֹרִי (H567).
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בַּגִּלְעָֽדin Gileadprep + art + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
9
וַיַּעַבְר֤וּ בְנֵֽי עַמּוֹן֙ אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לְהִלָּחֵ֛ם גַּם בִּיהוּדָ֥ה וּבְבִנְיָמִ֖ין וּבְבֵ֣ית אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּ֥צֶר לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מְאֹֽד
And the sons of Ammon crossed the Jordan to fight also against Judah and against Benjamin and against the house of Ephraim, and Israel was in very great distress.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they passed through'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיַּעַבְר֤וּand they passed throughconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַר (H5674), see v.29.
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמּוֹן֙AmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Proper nameעַמּוֹן (H5983), the Ammonites, also descended from Lot (Gen 19:38), Israel's next kin-neighbor after Moab.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןthe Jordanart + N proper · הַיַּרְדֵּן (H3383)Proper nameיַרְדֵּן (H3383).
לְהִלָּחֵ֛םto fightprep + Niphal inf constr · לָחַם (H3898)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָחַם (H3898), see v.5.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) also, both, even
בִּיהוּדָ֥הJudahprep + N proper · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Proper nameיְהוּדָה (H3063).
וּבְבִנְיָמִ֖יןBenjaminconj וְ + prep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
וּבְבֵ֣יתand into the house ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
אֶפְרָ֑יִםEphraimN proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
וַתֵּ֥צֶרand was distressedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · צָרַר (H3334)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָרַר (H3334) 'to be distressed, be in straits'; describes inner anguish alongside the outer fear — the pairing is deliberate.
לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לto Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) very, exceedingly
10
וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר חָטָ֣אנוּ לָ֔ךְ וְכִ֤י עָזַ֨בְנוּ֙ אֶת אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת הַבְּעָלִֽים
And the sons of Israel cried out to YHWH, saying, We have sinned against you, even because we have abandoned our God and have served the Baals.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they cried out'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֙and they cried outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · זָעַק (H2199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceזָעַק (H2199) 'to cry out (for help)'; a stronger, more deliberate cry than the involuntary אָנַח, often used of appeals for justice/rescue.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
חָטָ֣אנוּwe have sinnedQal perf 1cp · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָטָא (H2398) 'to sin, miss the mark'; an apparent confession that proves hollow, since it is immediately followed by another act of self-will rather than submission.
לָ֔ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to you'.
וְכִ֤יand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
עָזַ֨בְנוּ֙you forsakeQal perf 1cp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַב (H5800) 'to forsake, abandon, leave'; the danger being warned against — neglecting the landless Levite once local worship (v.15's concession) makes the sanctuary visit less routine. Source id 05vF1.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּour GodN com m pl constr + sfx 1cp · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
וַֽנַּעֲבֹ֖דto serveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cp · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַד (H5647).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הַבְּעָלִֽיםthe Baalsart + N proper · בַּעַל (H1168)Proper nameבַּעַל (H1168) 'lord, master', the Canaanite storm-and-fertility god; plural הַבְּעָלִים denotes the various local manifestations/cult-sites of Baal worshiped across Canaan.
11
וַ֥יֹּאמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲלֹ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם֙ וּמִן הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וּמִן בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן וּמִן פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים
And YHWH said to the sons of Israel, Is it not from Egypt, and from the Amorite, and from the sons of Ammon, and from the Philistines,
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַ֥יֹּאמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
הֲלֹ֤אis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם֙from Egyptprep + N proper · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Proper nameמִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt, Egyptians'; the land and people who are both the object of the plague-judgment and the setting the Israelites depart from.
וּמִןand fromconj וְ + prep · מִן (H4480)Coordinating conjunctionמִן (H4480).
הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔יthe Amoriteart + N gentilic m sg abs · אֱמֹרִי (H567)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱמֹרִי (H567).
וּמִןand fromconj וְ + prep · מִן (H4480)Coordinating conjunctionמִן (H4480).
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמּ֖וֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Proper nameעַמּוֹן (H5983), the Ammonites, also descended from Lot (Gen 19:38), Israel's next kin-neighbor after Moab.
וּמִןand fromconj וְ + prep · מִן (H4480)Coordinating conjunctionמִן (H4480).
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽיםthe PhilistinesN gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430), gentilic of פְּלֶשֶׁת; the short Mediterranean coastal road (later 'Via Maris'), avoided precisely because it was the most direct and most militarily exposed route.
12
וְצִידוֹנִ֤ים וַֽעֲמָלֵק֙ וּמָע֔וֹן לָחֲצ֖וּ אֶתְכֶ֑ם וַתִּצְעֲק֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וָאוֹשִׁ֥יעָה אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִיָּדָֽם
and the Sidonians and Amalek and Maon oppressed you, and you cried out to me, and I saved you from their hand.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you shall oppress him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְצִידוֹנִ֤יםSidoniansconj וְ + N gentilic m pl abs · צִידֹנִי (H6722)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִידֹנִי (H6722), gentilic plural, Phoenician inhabitants of Sidon. Source id 05nj6.
וַֽעֲמָלֵק֙and Amalekconj וְ + N proper · עֲמָלֵק (H6002)Proper nameעֲמָלֵק (H6002) 'Amalek'; Israel's paradigmatic enemy, grandson of Esau (Gen 36:12), attacking the vulnerable rear of the exodus column. source id 05qM7.
וּמָע֔וֹןMaonconj וְ + N proper · מָעוֹן (H4584)Proper nameמָעוֹן (H4584) 'dwelling, habitation'; hill-country town near Carmel, associated with Nabal's household (1 Sam 25:2) and the 'wilderness of Maon' where David hid from Saul (1 Sam 23:24-25). Source id 06nHz.
לָחֲצ֖וּyou shall oppress himQal perf 3cp · לָחַץ (H3905)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָחַץ (H3905) Qal 'to press, oppress, squeeze'; near-synonym intensifying the prohibition.
אֶתְכֶ֑םyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
וַתִּצְעֲק֣וּand he cried outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2mp · צָעַק (H6817)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָעַק (H6817) 'to cry out, call for help'; her silence, within earshot of the city, is read as consent — the crux distinguishing this verse's verdict from v.25's field-case.
אֵלַ֔יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
וָאוֹשִׁ֥יעָהone to saveconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 1cs + Sh · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁע (H3467) Hiphil 'save, deliver'; the ultimate goal of YHWH's presence in battle — victory belongs to him, not Israel's arms.
אֶתְכֶ֖םyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
מִיָּדָֽםfrom their handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
13
וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתִ֔י וַתַּעַבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים לָכֵ֥ן לֹֽא אוֹסִ֖יף לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶתְכֶֽם
Yet you have abandoned me and served other gods; therefore I will not again save you.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have forsaken'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְאַתֶּם֙and youconj וְ + pron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
עֲזַבְתֶּ֣םyou have forsakenQal perf 2mp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַב (H5800) 'to forsake, abandon, leave'; the danger being warned against — neglecting the landless Levite once local worship (v.15's concession) makes the sanctuary visit less routine. Source id 05vF1.
אוֹתִ֔יmeobj marker + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
וַתַּעַבְד֖וּto serveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2mp · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַד (H5647).
אֱלֹהִ֣יםGodN com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
אֲחֵרִ֑יםotherAdj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312); see v.5.
לָכֵ֥ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Prepositional phraseכֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; anaphoric adverb confirming that an action matches what was just commanded.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
אוֹסִ֖יףI will continueHiphil impf 1cs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add'.
לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַto saveprep + Hiphil inf constr · יָשַׁע (H3467)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁע (H3467) Hiphil 'save, deliver'; the ultimate goal of YHWH's presence in battle — victory belongs to him, not Israel's arms.
אֶתְכֶֽםyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
14
לְכ֗וּ וְזַֽעֲקוּ֙ אֶל הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּ֖ם בָּ֑ם הֵ֛מָּה יוֹשִׁ֥יעוּ לָכֶ֖ם בְּעֵ֥ת צָרַתְכֶֽם
Go and cry out to the gods whom you have chosen; let them save you in the time of your distress.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
לְכ֗וּgoQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212).
וְזַֽעֲקוּ֙and they cried outconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · זָעַק (H2199)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָעַק (H2199) 'to cry out (for help)'; a stronger, more deliberate cry than the involuntary אָנַח, often used of appeals for justice/rescue.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בְּחַרְתֶּ֖םhave chosenQal perf 2mp · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּחַר (H977); see v.2.
בָּ֑םagainst themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'against them'.
הֵ֛מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵם (H1992), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
יוֹשִׁ֥יעוּone to saveHiphil impf 3mp · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁע (H3467) Hiphil 'save, deliver'; the ultimate goal of YHWH's presence in battle — victory belongs to him, not Israel's arms.
לָכֶ֖םto youprep + sfx 2mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to you'.
בְּעֵ֥תat the timeprep + N com c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256) time, season
צָרַתְכֶֽםand troublesN com f sg constr + sfx 2mp · צָרָה (H6869)Construct chain (genitival)צָרָה (H6869) 'trouble, distress'; paired with רָעוֹת for comprehensive disaster.
15
וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֶל יְהוָה֙ חָטָ֔אנוּ עֲשֵׂה אַתָּ֣ה לָ֔נוּ כְּכָל הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ אַ֛ךְ הַצִּילֵ֥נוּ נָ֖א הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה
And the sons of Israel said to YHWH, We have sinned; do to us, you, according to all that is good in your eyes; only deliver us, please, this day.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּאמְר֨וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
בְנֵיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֤לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
חָטָ֔אנוּwe have sinnedQal perf 1cp · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָטָא (H2398) 'to sin, miss the mark'; an apparent confession that proves hollow, since it is immediately followed by another act of self-will rather than submission.
עֲשֵׂהhe didQal impv 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
לָ֔נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to us'.
כְּכָלaccording to allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
הַטּ֖וֹבthe goodart + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) good
בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָin your eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 2ms · עַיִן (H5869)Prepositional phraseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'.
אַ֛ךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'surely, just'; introduces the comparison confirming the analogy already made in v.15. Source id 05RDi.
הַצִּילֵ֥נוּdelivered usHiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cp · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָצַל (H5337) 'to snatch away, deliver'; in Hiphil, causative 'to rescue' — the same verb used of the escaped slave in v. 16.
נָ֖אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
הַיּ֥וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
16
וַיָּסִ֜ירוּ אֶת אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַנֵּכָר֙ מִקִּרְבָּ֔ם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת יְהוָ֑ה וַתִּקְצַ֥ר נַפְשׁ֖וֹ בַּעֲמַ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל
And they put away the foreign gods from their midst and served YHWH, and his soul was shortened over the misery of Israel.
Repentance is enacted, and וַתִּקְצַר נַפְשׁוֹ — YHWH's soul is impatient over Israel's misery, the pivot toward a deliverer.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיָּסִ֜ירוּhe shall remove itconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסוּר (H5493) 'to turn aside, depart'; the first step of the apostasy-sequence — deviation from the commanded way.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֱלֹהֵ֤יthe God ofN com m pl constr · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
הַנֵּכָר֙the foreignart + N com m sg abs · נֵכָר (H5236)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֵכָר (H5236) 'foreignness'; construct 'gods of the foreignness of the land' = the foreign gods of the land.
מִקִּרְבָּ֔םin your midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · קֶרֶב (H7130)Prepositional phraseקֶרֶב (H7130) 'inward part, entrails'.
וַיַּעַבְד֖וּand they servedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַד (H5647).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
וַתִּקְצַ֥רand it became impatientconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · קָצַר (H7114)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָצַר (H7114) 'to reap, harvest'; the grain harvest, first of the three agricultural gleaning laws.
נַפְשׁ֖וֹhis soulN com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315), see v.28.
בַּעֲמַ֥לour toilprep + N com c sg constr · עָמָל (H5999)Prepositional phraseעָמָל (H5999) 'toil, trouble, misery, hard labor'; second term of the suffering triad.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
17
וַיִּצָּֽעֲקוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיֵּאָֽסְפוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּמִּצְפָּֽה
And the sons of Ammon were called out and encamped in Gilead, and the sons of Israel assembled and encamped at Mizpah.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they cried out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּצָּֽעֲקוּ֙and they cried outconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · צָעַק (H6817)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָעַק (H6817) 'to cry out, call for help'; her silence, within earshot of the city, is read as consent — the crux distinguishing this verse's verdict from v.25's field-case.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמּ֔וֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Proper nameעַמּוֹן (H5983), the Ammonites, also descended from Lot (Gen 19:38), Israel's next kin-neighbor after Moab.
וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּand they encampedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · חָנָה (H2583)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָנָה (H2583) 'to encamp'.
בַּגִּלְעָ֑דin Gileadprep + art + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
וַיֵּאָֽסְפוּ֙and they gatheredconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָסַף (H622) 'to gather, gather in'; weqatal continuing the apodosis chain, the harvest ingathering that follows the two rains.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּand they encampedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · חָנָה (H2583)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָנָה (H2583) 'to encamp'.
בַּמִּצְפָּֽהand Mizpahprep + art + N proper · מִצְפָּה (H4709)Proper namePlace name 'watchpost'; second memorial designation.
18
וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָעָ֜ם שָׂרֵ֤י גִלְעָד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל רֵעֵ֔הוּ מִ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֵ֔ל לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לְרֹ֔אשׁ לְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד
And the people, the officials of Gilead, said each man to his neighbor, Who is the man who will begin to fight against the sons of Ammon? He shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.
The office is offered to whoever will start the war with Ammon — the vacancy Jephthah will fill.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיֹּאמְר֨וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
הָעָ֜םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
שָׂרֵ֤יrulers ofN com m pl constr · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269); see v. 14.
גִלְעָד֙GileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
רֵעֵ֔הוּhis neighborN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'friend, companion, neighbor'; the fifth and only non-kin member, whose closeness the following clause defines.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Interrogative particleמִי (H4310) 'who?'; opens a rhetorical formula ('who is the man who...') used repeatedly (vv.5-8) to enumerate exemption categories.
הָאִ֔ישׁthe manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
יָחֵ֔לhe shall profaneHiphil impf 3ms · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַל (H2490) Hiphil 'to begin'; מֵהָחֵל, 'from the beginning of,' fixes the starting point of the seven-week count to the sickle's first use.
לְהִלָּחֵ֖םto fightprep + Niphal inf constr · לָחַם (H3898)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָחַם (H3898), see v.5.
בִּבְנֵ֣יamong the sons ofprep + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Prepositional phraseבֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמּ֑וֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Proper nameעַמּוֹן (H5983), the Ammonites, also descended from Lot (Gen 19:38), Israel's next kin-neighbor after Moab.
יִֽהְיֶ֣הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
לְרֹ֔אשׁas headprep + N com m sg abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Prepositional phraseרֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
לְכֹ֖לto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
יֹשְׁבֵ֥יthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
גִלְעָֽדGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).