Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Judges, Chapter 20שפטים 20

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Judges 20 is civil war over Gibeah: Israel as one man, Benjamin unyielding, two days of Israelite dead, then an ambush, a city in smoke, twenty-five thousand fallen, and six hundred left on a rock.

Translation & textual notes

The numbers are huge and internally tense (vv.15, 35, 44–47). The ark and Phinehas (vv.27–28) place the tale in a priestly early frame. Place-names (Baal-tamar, Maareh-geba, Gidom, Rimmon) are given as the MT has them. The battle report is partly doubled (vv.35–36 and 36–46). Versification follows the MT.

1

וַיֵּצְאוּ֮ כָּל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַתִּקָּהֵ֨ל הָעֵדָ֜ה כְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֗ד לְמִדָּן֙ וְעַד בְּאֵ֣ר שֶׁ֔בַע וְאֶ֖רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֑ד אֶל יְהוָ֖ה הַמִּצְפָּֽה

And all the sons of Israel went out, and the congregation assembled as one man, from Dan to Beer-sheba, and the land of Gilead, to YHWH at Mizpah.

All Israel as one man at Mizpah
From Dan to Beer-sheba and Gilead: the congregation as one man — unity now used for civil war.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֵּצְאוּ֮and they went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֒IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
וַתִּקָּהֵ֨לassembledconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3fs · קָהַל (H6950)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָהַל (H6950) Hiphil 'to assemble, convoke'; the programmatic verb for the septennial reading — root of קָהָל 'assembly, congregation'.
הָעֵדָ֜הthe congregationart + N com f sg abs · עֵדָה (H5712)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵדָה (H5712) 'congregation'.
כְּאִ֣ישׁas a manprep + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Prepositional phraseאִישׁ (H376).
אֶחָ֗דoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
לְמִדָּן֙Danprep + prep + N proper · דָּן (H1835)Proper nameדָּן (H1835); see v. 40.
וְעַדand toconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Coordinating conjunctionעַד (H5704) 'until'.
בְּאֵ֣רBeer-N proper · בְּאֵר (H884)Proper nameבְּאֵר שֶׁבַע (H884) 'Beersheba'; place whose name will be explained in vv31-32.
שֶׁ֔בַע-shebaAdj c · בְּאֵר (H884)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע (H884) 'Beersheba'; place whose name will be explained in vv31-32.
וְאֶ֖רֶץand earthconj וְ + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
הַגִּלְעָ֑דGileadart + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
הַמִּצְפָּֽהMizpahart + N proper · מִצְפָּה (H4709)Proper namePlace name 'watchpost'; second memorial designation.
2

וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֞וּ פִּנּ֣וֹת כָּל הָעָ֗ם כֹּ֚ל שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּקְהַ֖ל עַ֣ם הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֛לֶף אִ֥ישׁ רַגְלִ֖י שֹׁ֥לֵֽף חָֽרֶב

And the chiefs of all the people, of all the tribes of Israel, took their stand in the assembly of the people of God, four hundred thousand footmen drawing the sword.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they presented themselves'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֞וּand they presented themselvesconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3mp · הִתְיַצֵּב (H3320)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצַב (H3320) Hitpael 'to take one's stand, station oneself'; reflexive/reciprocal nuance — no one will be able to make a stand against Israel.
פִּנּ֣וֹתthe corners ofN com f pl constr · פִּנָּה (H6438)Construct chain (genitival)פִּנָּה (H6438) 'corner, cornerstone'; the four corners of the altar frame where the horns rise.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הָעָ֗םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
כֹּ֚לallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
שִׁבְטֵ֣יthe tribes ofN com m pl constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
בִּקְהַ֖לinto the assembly ofprep + N com m sg constr · קָהָל (H6951)Prepositional phraseקָהָל (H6951) 'assembly, congregation'.
עַ֣םa peopleN com m sg constr · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
הָאֱלֹהִ֑יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
אַרְבַּ֨עfourAdj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
מֵא֥וֹתhundredAdj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
אֶ֛לֶףthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
רַגְלִ֖יon footAdj · רַגְלִי (H7273)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַגְלִי (H7273) 'on foot, infantry'; a term also carrying military connotation, echoing צִבְאוֹת, 'hosts' (v. 41).
שֹׁ֥לֵֽףhe drew outQal ptc ms · שָׁלַף (H8025)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁלַף (H8025) 'to draw out, unsheathe'; passive participle, 'drawn' — signals immediate readiness for combat, heightening the tension of the confrontation.
חָֽרֶבthe swordN com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719), see v.11.
3

וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן כִּֽי עָל֥וּ בְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דַּבְּר֕וּ אֵיכָ֥ה נִהְיְתָ֖ה הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת

And the sons of Benjamin heard that the sons of Israel had gone up to Mizpah. And the sons of Israel said, Speak: how did this evil happen?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they heard'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַֽיִּשְׁמְעוּ֙and they heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֔ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
עָל֥וּwent upQal perf 3cp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
הַמִּצְפָּ֑הMizpahart + N proper · מִצְפָּה (H4709)Proper namePlace name 'watchpost'; second memorial designation.
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙and they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
דַּבְּר֕וּhe spoke itPiel impv 2mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperative'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
אֵיכָ֥הhowinterrog. · אֵיכָה (H349)Interrogative particleinterrogative adverb 'how'.
נִהְיְתָ֖הhas [not] been, happenedNiphal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
הָרָעָ֥הthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) bad, evil
הַזֹּֽאתthisart + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063).
4

וַיַּ֜עַן הָאִ֣ישׁ הַלֵּוִ֗י אִ֛ישׁ הָאִשָּׁ֥ה הַנִּרְצָחָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַגִּבְעָ֨תָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבִנְיָמִ֔ן בָּ֛אתִי אֲנִ֥י וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖י לָלֽוּן

And the Levite, the man of the woman who was murdered, answered and said, To Gibeah which belongs to Benjamin I came, I and my concubine, to lodge.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיַּ֜עַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'to answer, respond'; marks the people's formal reply to Moses' plan of v.13.
הָאִ֣ישׁthe manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
הַלֵּוִ֗יthe Leviteart + N gentilic m sg abs · לֵוִי (H3881)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵוִי (H3881) 'Levite'.
אִ֛ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
הָאִשָּׁ֥הthe womanart + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
הַנִּרְצָחָ֖הthe manslayerart + Niphal ptc fs · רָצַח (H7523)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָצַח (H7523) 'to kill'.
וַיֹּאמַ֑רand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
הַגִּבְעָ֨תָה֙Gibeahart + N proper + Sd · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
לְבִנְיָמִ֔ןof Benjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
בָּ֛אתִיI have comeQal perf 1cs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935).
אֲנִ֥יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
וּפִֽילַגְשִׁ֖יand his concubineconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · פִּילֶגֶשׁ (H6370)Construct chain (genitival)פִּילֶגֶשׁ (H6370) 'concubine, secondary wife'; Nahor's concubine Reumah adds a secondary line.
לָלֽוּןto spend the nightprep + Qal inf constr · לוּן (H3885)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלוּן (H3885) lodge, spend the night
5

וַיָּקֻ֤מוּ עָלַי֙ בַּעֲלֵ֣י הַגִּבְעָ֔ה וַיָּסֹ֧בּוּ עָלַ֛י אֶת הַבַּ֖יִת לָ֑יְלָה אוֹתִי֙ דִּמּ֣וּ לַהֲרֹ֔ג וְאֶת פִּילַגְשִׁ֥י עִנּ֖וּ וַתָּמֹֽת

And the lords of Gibeah rose against me and surrounded the house against me by night. Me they intended to kill, and my concubine they humbled, and she died.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיָּקֻ֤מוּand they aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
עָלַי֙against meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
בַּעֲלֵ֣יthe lords ofN com m pl constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167).
הַגִּבְעָ֔הGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
וַיָּסֹ֧בּוּand they marched aroundconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָבַב (H5437) 'to go around, circle'; the chapter's key verb for Israel's long circuit around Edomite territory (source tags this 1cs, but sense and subsequent verbs are 1cp 'we').
עָלַ֛יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הַבַּ֖יִתthe houseart + N com m sg abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
לָ֑יְלָהby nightN com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'night'; the pivotal night of the tenth plague, the Passover meal, and the exodus — a night 'to be much observed' (v.42).
אוֹתִי֙meobj marker + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
דִּמּ֣וּI plannedPiel perf 3cp · דָּמָה (H1819)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּמָה (H1819) 'to think, plan, intend' (distinct from the homonym 'to be like'); YHWH's own settled plan/purpose for the Canaanite nations -- their dispossession and destruction (implicitly, per vv. 52-53).
לַהֲרֹ֔גto killprep + Qal inf constr · הָרַג (H2026)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill'; the infinitive absolute before the finite verb of the same root produces the emphatic 'you shall surely kill.'
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
פִּילַגְשִׁ֥יand his concubineN com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · פִּילֶגֶשׁ (H6370)Construct chain (genitival)פִּילֶגֶשׁ (H6370) 'concubine, secondary wife'; Nahor's concubine Reumah adds a secondary line.
עִנּ֖וּand you shall afflictPiel perf 3cp · עָנָה (H6031)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָנָה II (H6031) 'to humble, afflict, violate'; Piel, often with sexual connotation (cf. Gen 34:2; Deut 22:24, 29) — the text names plainly that he has used/humbled her, and this restrains his power over her afterward: he may not profit from what he took.
וַתָּמֹֽתand she diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
6

וָֽאֹחֵ֤ז בְּפִֽילַגְשִׁי֙ וָֽאֲנַתְּחֶ֔הָ וָֽאֲשַׁלְּחֶ֔הָ בְּכָל שְׂדֵ֖ה נַחֲלַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֥י עָשׂ֛וּ זִמָּ֥ה וּנְבָלָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And I seized my concubine and cut her in pieces and sent her through all the field of the inheritance of Israel, for they have done a scheme and an outrage in Israel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and grasp!'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וָֽאֹחֵ֤זand grasp!conj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָחַז (H270)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָחַז (H270) Qal 'seize, grasp, take hold'; the hand firmly grasping the instrument of judgment. source id 051of.
בְּפִֽילַגְשִׁי֙and his concubineprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · פִּילֶגֶשׁ (H6370)Prepositional phraseפִּילֶגֶשׁ (H6370) 'concubine, secondary wife'; Nahor's concubine Reumah adds a secondary line.
וָֽאֲנַתְּחֶ֔הָand he shall cut it upconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 1cs + sfx 3fs · נָתַח (H5408)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַח (H5408), Piel 'to cut in pieces, dismember'; the animal is divided for orderly arrangement on the altar.
וָֽאֲשַׁלְּחֶ֔הָand I will let goconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 1cs + sfx 3fs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the entire release-formula ('let my people go').
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
שְׂדֵ֖הthe field ofN com m sg constr · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
נַחֲלַ֣תthe inheritance ofN com f sg constr · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Construct chain (genitival)נַחֲלָה (H5159).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
עָשׂ֛וּthey didQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
זִמָּ֥הdepravityN com f sg abs · זִמָּה (H2154)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זִמָּה (H2154) 'infamy, depraved plan, lewdness'; a strong term of moral condemnation (cf. Job 31:11) — one of the few evaluative labels attached to a specific case in this chapter.
וּנְבָלָ֖הan outrageconj וְ + N com f sg abs · נְבָלָה (H5039)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְבָלָה (H5039) 'disgraceful/outrageous folly'; a fixed legal-narrative term for grave sexual sin recurring at Gen 34:7, Judg 19:23-24, 2 Sam 13:12.
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽלin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
7

הִנֵּ֥ה כֻלְּכֶ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הָב֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם דָּבָ֥ר וְעֵצָ֖ה הֲלֹֽם

Behold, all of you sons of Israel, give yourselves a word and counsel here.

Imperative — volitional addresshinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'get/provide'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הִנֵּ֥הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
כֻלְּכֶ֖םall of youN com m sg constr + sfx 2mp · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
הָב֥וּget/provideQal impv 2mp · יָהַב (H3051)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָהַב (H3051) 'to give, provide'; defective root used almost exclusively in the imperative הָבוּ/הָבָה, 'give! provide!' — Moses' directive that the people themselves nominate the judges.
לָכֶ֛םto youprep + sfx 2mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to you'.
דָּבָ֥רthe matter ofN com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing'; the Decalogue text (cf. עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, v.28), the covenant stipulations.
וְעֵצָ֖הcounselconj וְ + N com f sg abs · עֵצָה (H6098)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵצָה (H6098) pl 'counsel, plan'; wisdom Israel utterly lacks — ironic given v.4's declaration that God's own ways are just. source id 05dgX.
הֲלֹֽםhereart · הֲלֹם (H1988)Particle or relational elementהֲלֹם (H1988) 'here, hither', a rare adverb (elsewhere e.g. Judg 18:3).
8

וַיָּ֨קָם֙ כָּל הָעָ֔ם כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֤א נֵלֵךְ֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאָהֳל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א נָס֖וּר אִ֥ישׁ לְבֵיתֽוֹ

And all the people arose as one man, saying, We will not go, each man to his tent, and we will not turn aside, each man to his house.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he arose'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיָּ֨קָם֙and he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הָעָ֔םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
כְּאִ֥ישׁas a manprep + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Prepositional phraseאִישׁ (H376).
אֶחָ֖דoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
נֵלֵךְ֙we will goQal impf 1cp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212).
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
לְאָהֳל֔וֹhis tentprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֹהֶל (H168)Prepositional phraseאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
נָס֖וּרhe shall remove itQal impf 1cp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסוּר (H5493) 'to turn aside, depart'; the first step of the apostasy-sequence — deviation from the commanded way.
אִ֥ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
לְבֵיתֽוֹto his houseprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Prepositional phraseבַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
9

וְעַתָּ֕ה זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לַגִּבְעָ֑ה עָלֶ֖יהָ בְּגוֹרָֽל

And now this is the thing that we will do to Gibeah: against it by lot.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'we will do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְעַתָּ֕הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Coordinating conjunctionעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
הַדָּבָ֔רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing'; the Decalogue text (cf. עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, v.28), the covenant stipulations.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
נַעֲשֶׂ֖הwe will doQal impf 1cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לַגִּבְעָ֑הGibeahprep + art + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
עָלֶ֖יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
בְּגוֹרָֽלby lotprep + N com m sg abs · גּוֹרָל (H1486)Prepositional phraseגּוֹרָל (H1486); see v. 1.
10

וְלָקַ֣חְנוּ עֲשָׂרָה֩ אֲנָשִׁ֨ים לַמֵּאָ֜ה לְכֹ֣ל שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּמֵאָ֤ה לָאֶ֨לֶף֙ וְאֶ֣לֶף לָרְבָבָ֔ה לָקַ֥חַת צֵדָ֖ה לָעָ֑ם לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת לְבוֹאָם֙ לְגֶ֣בַע בִּנְיָמִ֔ן כְּכָל הַ֨נְּבָלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And we will take ten men of a hundred for all the tribes of Israel, and a hundred of a thousand, and a thousand of ten thousand, to take provisions for the people, to do, when they come to Geba of Benjamin, according to all the outrage that he has done in Israel.

Clause continuation
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Clause continuation. Lead predicate is 'then we will take'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וְלָקַ֣חְנוּthen we will takeconj וְ + Qal q 1cp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
עֲשָׂרָה֩tenAdj c · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'; the gold pan's fixed weight in shekels.
אֲנָשִׁ֨יםmenN com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
לַמֵּאָ֜הhundredprep + art + Adj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Prepositional phraseמֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
לְכֹ֣לto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
שִׁבְטֵ֣יthe tribes ofN com m pl constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
וּמֵאָ֤הand a hundredconj וְ + Adj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
לָאֶ֨לֶף֙to a thousandprep + art + Adj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Prepositional phraseאֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
וְאֶ֣לֶףand a thousandconj וְ + Adj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
לָרְבָבָ֔הten thousandprep + art + N com f sg abs · רְבָבָה (H7233)Prepositional phraseרְבָבָה (H7233) 'ten thousand, myriad'; doubling both the pursuer-ratio and absolute numbers for rhetorical effect. source id 051Rs.
לָקַ֥חַתto takeprep + Qal inf constr · לָקַח (H3947)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
צֵדָ֖הprovisionsN com c sg abs · צֵדָה (H6720)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֵדָה (H6720) 'provisions, food for a journey'; ordinarily prepared before travel.
לָעָ֑םas a peopleprep + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Prepositional phraseעַם (H5971); see v.7.
לַעֲשׂ֗וֹתto doprep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לְבוֹאָם֙and they cameprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935).
לְגֶ֣בַעand Gebaprep + N proper · גֶּבַע (H1387)Proper nameגֶּבַע (H1387) 'Geba', 'hill'; a Levitical city (21:17) and significant Benjaminite site in the Saul narratives (1 Sam 13-14), near the pass opposite Michmash.
בִּנְיָמִ֔ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
כְּכָלaccording to allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
הַ֨נְּבָלָ֔הan outrageart + N com f sg abs · נְבָלָה (H5039)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְבָלָה (H5039) 'disgraceful/outrageous folly'; a fixed legal-narrative term for grave sexual sin recurring at Gen 34:7, Judg 19:23-24, 2 Sam 13:12.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
עָשָׂ֖הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽלin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
11

וַיֵּֽאָסֵ֞ף כָּל אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל הָעִ֔יר כְּאִ֥ישׁ אֶחָ֖ד חֲבֵרִֽים

And every man of Israel was gathered to the city as one man, companions.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he gathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיֵּֽאָסֵ֞ףand he gatheredconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָסַף (H622) 'to gather, gather in'; weqatal continuing the apodosis chain, the harvest ingathering that follows the two rains.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אִ֤ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָעִ֔ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
כְּאִ֥ישׁas a manprep + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Prepositional phraseאִישׁ (H376).
אֶחָ֖דoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
חֲבֵרִֽיםknit togetherN com m pl abs · חָבֵר (H2270)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָבֵר (H2270) 'knit together'.
12

וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֞וּ שִׁבְטֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים בְּכָל שִׁבְטֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר מָ֚ה הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִהְיְתָ֖ה בָּכֶֽם

And the tribes of Israel sent men through all the tribes of Benjamin, saying, What is this evil that has happened among you?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they sent'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֞וּand they sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the entire release-formula ('let my people go').
שִׁבְטֵ֤יthe tribes ofN com m pl constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֲנָשִׁ֔יםmenN com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
שִׁבְטֵ֥יthe tribes ofN com m pl constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
בִנְיָמִ֖ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
מָ֚הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
הָרָעָ֣הthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) bad, evil
הַזֹּ֔אתthisart + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063).
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
נִהְיְתָ֖הhas [not] been, happenedNiphal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
בָּכֶֽםagainst youprep + sfx 2mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'against you'.
13

וְעַתָּ֡ה תְּנוּ֩ אֶת הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים בְּנֵֽי בְלִיַּ֜עַל אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּגִּבְעָה֙ וּנְמִיתֵ֔ם וּנְבַעֲרָ֥ה רָעָ֖ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִּנְיָמִ֔ן לִשְׁמֹ֕עַ בְּק֖וֹל אֲחֵיהֶ֥ם בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And now, give over the men, the sons of Belial who are in Gibeah, that we may put them to death and burn out evil from Israel. And the sons of Benjamin were not willing to listen to the voice of their brothers, the sons of Israel.

Benjamin will not give up the men
The demand to burn out evil is refused; brother will not listen to brother.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וְעַתָּ֡הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Coordinating conjunctionעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
תְּנוּ֩giveQal impv 2mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הָאֲנָשִׁ֨יםthe menart + N com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בְלִיַּ֜עַלworthlessnessN com m sg abs · בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100) 'worthlessness, wickedness', perhaps from בְּלִי + יַעַל 'without benefit'; 'sons of Belial' is a fixed idiom for lawless scoundrels who defy communal order (cf. Judg 19:22; 1 Sam 2:12), later personified as a name for Satan in Second Temple and NT literature.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בַּגִּבְעָה֙Gibeahprep + art + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
וּנְמִיתֵ֔םand he diedconj וְ + Hiphil cohortative 1cp + sfx 3mp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
וּנְבַעֲרָ֥הso you shall purgeconj וְ + Piel cohortative 1cp · בָּעַר (H1197)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalבָּעַר (H1197) Piel 'to burn, consume, purge, sweep away'; the Code's refrain formula וּבִעַרְתָּ הָרָע מִקִּרְבֶּךָ, its first occurrence in Deuteronomy.
רָעָ֖הevilN com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) bad, evil
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑לfrom Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
וְלֹ֤אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
אָבוּ֙he was willingQal perf 3cp · אָבָה (H14)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבָה (H14), be willing, consent
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִּנְיָמִ֔ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
לִשְׁמֹ֕עַto hearprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complement'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
בְּק֖וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Prepositional phraseקוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; שָׁמַע בְּקוֹל, the standing idiom for obedience, negated here.
אֲחֵיהֶ֥םtheir brothersN com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
14

וַיֵּאָסְפ֧וּ בְנֵֽי בִנְיָמִ֛ן מִן הֶעָרִ֖ים הַגִּבְעָ֑תָה לָצֵ֥את לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And the sons of Benjamin were gathered from the cities to Gibeah to go out to war with the sons of Israel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they gathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיֵּאָסְפ֧וּand they gatheredconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָסַף (H622) 'to gather, gather in'; weqatal continuing the apodosis chain, the harvest ingathering that follows the two rains.
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֛ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הֶעָרִ֖יםthe citiesart + N com f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
הַגִּבְעָ֑תָהGibeahart + N proper + Sd · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
לָצֵ֥אתto go outprep + Qal inf constr · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
לַמִּלְחָמָ֖הfor battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Prepositional phraseמִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
15

וַיִּתְפָּֽקְדוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֜ן בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְשִׁשָּׁ֥ה אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ שֹׁ֣לֵֽף חָ֑רֶב לְ֠בַד מִיֹּשְׁבֵ֤י הַגִּבְעָה֙ הִתְפָּ֣קְד֔וּ שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִ֥ישׁ בָּחֽוּר

And the sons of Benjamin were mustered that day from the cities, twenty-six thousand men drawing the sword, besides the inhabitants of Gibeah who were mustered, seven hundred chosen men.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'their mustered (men)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיִּתְפָּֽקְדוּ֩their mustered (men)conj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3mp · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּקַד (H6485) Qal passive participle plural construct + 3mp suffix, 'their mustered/numbered ones.'
בְנֵ֨יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֜ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
בַּיּ֤וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַהוּא֙thatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔יםfrom the citiesprep + art + N com f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Prepositional phraseעִיר (H5892) 'city'.
עֶשְׂרִ֨יםtwentyAdj c · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
וְשִׁשָּׁ֥הand sixconj וְ + Adj c · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'.
אֶ֛לֶףthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֖ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
שֹׁ֣לֵֽףhe drew outQal ptc ms · שָׁלַף (H8025)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁלַף (H8025) 'to draw out, unsheathe'; passive participle, 'drawn' — signals immediate readiness for combat, heightening the tension of the confrontation.
חָ֑רֶבthe swordN com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719), see v.11.
לְ֠בַדbesidesprep + N com m sg abs · בַּד (H905)Prepositional phraseבַּד (H905) 'pole, bar' (for carrying); a homonym of בַּד 'linen' and בַּד 'alone'.
מִיֹּשְׁבֵ֤יthe inhabitants ofprep + Qal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
הַגִּבְעָה֙Gibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
הִתְפָּ֣קְד֔וּwere musteredHithpael perf 3cp · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּקַד (H6485) Qal passive participle plural construct + 3mp suffix, 'their mustered/numbered ones.'
שְׁבַ֥עsevenAdj c · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
מֵא֖וֹתhundredAdj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
בָּחֽוּרchosenQal ptc ms · בָּחַר (H977)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּחַר (H977); see v.2.
16

מִכֹּ֣ל הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֗ה שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ אִ֣ישׁ בָּח֔וּר אִטֵּ֖ר יַד יְמִינ֑וֹ כָּל זֶ֗ה קֹלֵ֧עַ בָּאֶ֛בֶן אֶל הַֽשַּׂעֲרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א יַחֲטִֽא

Out of all this people seven hundred chosen men, bound of their right hand; every one of these could sling a stone at a hair and not miss.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'chosen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
מִכֹּ֣לfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
הָעָ֣םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
הַזֶּ֗הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
שְׁבַ֤עsevenAdj c · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
מֵאוֹת֙hundredAdj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
בָּח֔וּרchosenQal ptc ms · בָּחַר (H977)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּחַר (H977); see v.2.
אִטֵּ֖רbound inAdj · אִטֵּר (H334)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִטֵּר (H334), a rare adjective 'bound, impeded'; construct with יַד־יְמִינוֹ, the idiom for left-handedness (cf. 20:16) — a detail the plot will make entirely load-bearing.
יַדthe hand ofN com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'hand'.
יְמִינ֑וֹhis rightN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָמִין (H3225)Construct chain (genitival)יָמִין (H3225) 'right hand/side'.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
זֶ֗הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
קֹלֵ֧עַslingQal ptc ms · קָלַע (H7049)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָלַע (H7049) 'sling'.
בָּאֶ֛בֶןwith stonesprep + art + N com f sg abs · אֶבֶן (H68)Prepositional phraseאֶבֶן (H68) 'stone'; durable material for a permanent covenant record, matching the first set (32:15-16).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַֽשַּׂעֲרָ֖הhairart + N com f sg abs · שַׂעֲרָה (H8185)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׂעֲרָה (H8185) 'hair'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יַחֲטִֽאsinsHiphil impf 3ms · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָטָא (H2398) 'to sin, miss the mark'; an apparent confession that proves hollow, since it is immediately followed by another act of self-will rather than submission.
17

וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הִתְפָּֽקְד֗וּ לְבַד֙ מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ן אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ שֹׁ֣לֵֽף חָ֑רֶב כָּל זֶ֖ה אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָֽה

And the men of Israel were mustered, besides Benjamin, four hundred thousand men drawing the sword; every one of these was a man of war.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'were mustered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְאִ֨ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֜לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
הִתְפָּֽקְד֗וּwere musteredHithpael perf 3cp · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּקַד (H6485) Qal passive participle plural construct + 3mp suffix, 'their mustered/numbered ones.'
לְבַד֙besidesprep + N com m sg abs · בַּד (H905)Prepositional phraseבַּד (H905) 'pole, bar' (for carrying); a homonym of בַּד 'linen' and בַּד 'alone'.
מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ןBenjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
אַרְבַּ֨עfourAdj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
מֵא֥וֹתhundredAdj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
אֶ֛לֶףthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֖ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
שֹׁ֣לֵֽףhe drew outQal ptc ms · שָׁלַף (H8025)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁלַף (H8025) 'to draw out, unsheathe'; passive participle, 'drawn' — signals immediate readiness for combat, heightening the tension of the confrontation.
חָ֑רֶבthe swordN com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719), see v.11.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
זֶ֖הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
מִלְחָמָֽהwarN com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
18

וַיָּקֻ֜מוּ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בֵֽית אֵל֮ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֣וּ בֵאלֹהִים֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִ֚י יַעֲלֶה לָּ֣נוּ בַתְּחִלָּ֔ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֥ה בַתְּחִלָּֽה

And they arose and went up to Bethel and asked of God, and the sons of Israel said, Who shall go up for us first to war with the sons of Benjamin? And YHWH said, Judah first.

Judah first — and two days of slaughter
YHWH says Judah first; 22,000 then 18,000 of Israel fall before the third-day ambush.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיָּקֻ֜מוּand they aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
וַיַּעֲל֣וּand they went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
בֵֽיתBethelN proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
אֵל֮-elN proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
וַיִּשְׁאֲל֣וּand they askedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁאַל (H7592) 'to ask, request'; frames the entire covenant demand as reasonable — not burdensome but for Israel's good (v.13).
בֵאלֹהִים֒by Godprep + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Prepositional phraseאֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙and they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
מִ֚יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Interrogative particleמִי (H4310) 'who?'; opens a rhetorical formula ('who is the man who...') used repeatedly (vv.5-8) to enumerate exemption categories.
יַעֲלֶהshall go upQal impf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
לָּ֣נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to us'.
בַתְּחִלָּ֔הat the firstprep + art + N com f sg abs · תְּחִלָּה (H8462)Prepositional phraseתְּחִלָּה (H8462) 'beginning, first time'; from חָלַל 'to begin'; contrasts with the present return, signaling deliberate liturgical resumption.
לַמִּלְחָמָ֖הfor battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Prepositional phraseמִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֑ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
יְהוּדָ֥הJudahN proper · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Proper nameיְהוּדָה (H3063).
בַתְּחִלָּֽהat the firstprep + art + N com f sg abs · תְּחִלָּה (H8462)Prepositional phraseתְּחִלָּה (H8462) 'beginning, first time'; from חָלַל 'to begin'; contrasts with the present return, signaling deliberate liturgical resumption.
19

וַיָּק֥וּמוּ בְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ עַל הַגִּבְעָֽה

And the sons of Israel arose in the morning and encamped against Gibeah.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיָּק֥וּמוּand they aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
בַּבֹּ֑קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Prepositional phraseבֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'.
וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּand they encampedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · חָנָה (H2583)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָנָה (H2583) 'to encamp'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הַגִּבְעָֽהGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
20

וַיֵּצֵא֙ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ אִתָּ֧ם אִֽישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִלְחָמָ֖ה אֶל הַגִּבְעָֽה

And the men of Israel went out to war with Benjamin, and the men of Israel arrayed war against them at Gibeah.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיֵּצֵא֙and he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
לַמִּלְחָמָ֖הfor battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Prepositional phraseמִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
בִּנְיָמִ֑ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּand they drew upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָרַךְ (H6186) 'to arrange, set in order, lay out'; the technical verb for tending, trimming, and setting the lamps in order (cf. Lev 24:3-4).
אִתָּ֧םwith themprep + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phraseאֵת/אֶת (H854) 'with'; see v. 10.
אִֽישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
מִלְחָמָ֖הwarN com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַגִּבְעָֽהGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
21

וַיֵּצְא֥וּ בְנֵֽי בִנְיָמִ֖ן מִן הַגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁחִ֨יתוּ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא שְׁנַ֨יִם וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ אָֽרְצָה

And the sons of Benjamin came out from Gibeah and destroyed of Israel that day twenty-two thousand men to the ground.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיֵּצְא֥וּand they went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֖ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הַגִּבְעָ֑הGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
וַיַּשְׁחִ֨יתוּto destroyconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁחַת (H7843)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to ruin, destroy', Hiphil causative; the annihilation threatened after the golden calf (9:14,19,25), which YHWH declined to carry out.
בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜לin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַה֗וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
שְׁנַ֨יִםtwoAdj c det · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two', dual form of a root meaning 'to repeat, double'; counts the peace-offering oxen.
וְעֶשְׂרִ֥יםand twentyconj וְ + Adj c · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
אֶ֛לֶףthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֖ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אָֽרְצָהto the groundN com c sg abs + Sd · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
22

וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֥ק הָעָ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּסִ֨פוּ֙ לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ מִלְחָמָ֔ה בַּמָּק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁר עָ֥רְכוּ שָׁ֖ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשֽׁוֹן

And the people, the men of Israel, strengthened themselves and again arrayed war in the place where they had arrayed on the first day.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and strengthened himself'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֥קand strengthened himselfconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָזַק (H2388) 'to be strong'; Piel here causative, 'strengthen, embolden'; the same charge God will repeat directly to Joshua in 3:28 and 31:23.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
וַיֹּסִ֨פוּ֙and shall continueconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add'.
לַעֲרֹ֣ךְand he arrangedprep + Qal inf constr · עָרַךְ (H6186)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָרַךְ (H6186) 'to arrange, set in order, lay out'; the technical verb for tending, trimming, and setting the lamps in order (cf. Lev 24:3-4).
מִלְחָמָ֔הwarN com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
בַּמָּק֕וֹםin the placeprep + art + N com m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Prepositional phraseמָקוֹם (H4725); see v.2.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
עָ֥רְכוּand he arrangedQal perf 3cp · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָרַךְ (H6186) 'to arrange, set in order, lay out'; the technical verb for tending, trimming, and setting the lamps in order (cf. Lev 24:3-4).
שָׁ֖םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הָרִאשֽׁוֹןthe firstart + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'; ordinal from רֹאשׁ 'head'; names both the first day of Unleavened Bread and 'the first month' of Israel's reckoned year.
23

וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיִּבְכּ֣וּ לִפְנֵֽי יְהוָה֮ עַד הָעֶרֶב֒ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֤וּ בַֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאוֹסִ֗יף לָגֶ֨שֶׁת֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עִם בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן אָחִ֑י וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה עֲל֥וּ אֵלָֽיו

And the sons of Israel went up and wept before YHWH until evening, and they asked of YHWH, saying, Shall I again draw near to war with the sons of Benjamin my brother? And YHWH said, Go up against him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they went up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיַּעֲל֣וּand they went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
וַיִּבְכּ֣וּand they weptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; the people's belated emotional response to defeat, a grief that comes only after disobedience rather than as genuine repentance beforehand.
לִפְנֵֽיbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
יְהוָה֮YHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הָעֶרֶב֒the eveningart + N com m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'.
וַיִּשְׁאֲל֤וּand they askedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁאַל (H7592) 'to ask, request'; frames the entire covenant demand as reasonable — not burdensome but for Israel's good (v.13).
בַֽיהוָה֙against YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
הַאוֹסִ֗יףhe shall addinterrog. + Hiphil impf 1cs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add'.
לָגֶ֨שֶׁת֙and they drew nearprep + Qal inf constr · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָגַשׁ (H5066) Niphal 'draw near, approach'; the priest's ritual approach to address the troops.
לַמִּלְחָמָ֔הfor battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Prepositional phraseמִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֖ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
אָחִ֑יbrother ofN com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
עֲל֥וּwent upQal impv 2mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
אֵלָֽיוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
24

וַיִּקְרְב֧וּ בְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשֵּׁנִֽי

And the sons of Israel drew near to the sons of Benjamin on the second day.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they came near'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיִּקְרְב֧וּand they came nearconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil 'to bring near, offer'.
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֖ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַשֵּׁנִֽיthe secondart + Adj · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; identifies which coupling is meant, paired with 'the first' above.
25

וַיֵּצֵא֩ בִנְיָמִ֨ן לִקְרָאתָ֥ם מִֽן הַגִּבְעָה֮ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֒ וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ֩ בִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל ע֗וֹד שְׁמֹנַ֨ת עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ אָ֑רְצָה כָּל אֵ֖לֶּה שֹׁ֥לְפֵי חָֽרֶב

And Benjamin came out to meet them from Gibeah on the second day and destroyed of the sons of Israel again eighteen thousand men to the ground, all these drawing the sword.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֵּצֵא֩and he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
בִנְיָמִ֨ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
לִקְרָאתָ֥םto meet themprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3mp · קָרָא (H7125)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7125) 'to meet, encounter'; idiom לִקְרַאת, often of hostile confrontation, 'to meet you (in battle), against you.'
מִֽןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הַגִּבְעָה֮Gibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַשֵּׁנִי֒the secondart + Adj · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; identifies which coupling is meant, paired with 'the first' above.
וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ֩to destroyconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁחַת (H7843)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to ruin, destroy', Hiphil causative; the annihilation threatened after the golden calf (9:14,19,25), which YHWH declined to carry out.
בִבְנֵ֨יamong the sons ofprep + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Prepositional phraseבֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֜לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
ע֗וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'still, yet, again'; with the negation, 'no longer'.
שְׁמֹנַ֨תeightAdj c · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; completes 'thirty-eight'.
עָשָׂ֥ר-teenAdj c · עָשָׂר (H6240)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׂר (H6240), the teens-forming element '-teen'; combines with a units numeral (e.g. עַשְׁתֵּי or שְׁנֵים) to form 'eleven', 'twelve', etc.
אֶ֛לֶףthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֖ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אָ֑רְצָהto the groundN com c sg abs + Sd · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428); opens the recurring tribal-total formula.
שֹׁ֥לְפֵיhe drew outQal ptc mp · שָׁלַף (H8025)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁלַף (H8025) 'to draw out, unsheathe'; passive participle, 'drawn' — signals immediate readiness for combat, heightening the tension of the confrontation.
חָֽרֶבthe swordN com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719), see v.11.
26

וַיַּעֲל֣וּ כָל בְּנֵי֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וְכָל הָעָ֜ם וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ בֵֽית אֵ֗ל וַיִּבְכּוּ֙ וַיֵּ֤שְׁבוּ שָׁם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיָּצ֥וּמוּ בַיּוֹם הַה֖וּא עַד הָעָ֑רֶב וַֽיַּעֲל֛וּ עֹל֥וֹת וּשְׁלָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה

And all the sons of Israel and all the people went up and came to Bethel and wept and sat there before YHWH and fasted that day until evening, and they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before YHWH.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they went up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיַּעֲל֣וּand they went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
כָלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
בְּנֵי֩the sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֨לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הָעָ֜םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
וַיָּבֹ֣אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
בֵֽיתBethelN proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
אֵ֗ל-elN proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
וַיִּבְכּוּ֙and they weptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; the people's belated emotional response to defeat, a grief that comes only after disobedience rather than as genuine repentance beforehand.
וַיֵּ֤שְׁבוּand settledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
שָׁם֙thereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
וַיָּצ֥וּמוּandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · H6684Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceH6684 'and'.
בַיּוֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַה֖וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הָעָ֑רֶבthe eveningart + N com m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'.
וַֽיַּעֲל֛וּand they went upconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
עֹל֥וֹתburnt offeringsN com f pl abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹלָה (H5930) 'that which goes up, burnt offering', from עלה 'to go up'; wholly consumed on the altar, its smoke ascending to God.
וּשְׁלָמִ֖יםthe peace offeringsconj וְ + N com m pl abs · שֶׁלֶם (H8002)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁלֶם (H8002) 'peace/well-being offering', from שָׁלוֹם 'peace, wholeness'; here definite plural, completing זֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
יְהוָֽהYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
27

וַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וְשָׁ֗ם אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּיָּמִ֖ים הָהֵֽם

And the sons of Israel asked of YHWH — and the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they asked'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּand they askedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁאַל (H7592) 'to ask, request'; frames the entire covenant demand as reasonable — not burdensome but for Israel's good (v.13).
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
בַּֽיהוָ֑הagainst YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
וְשָׁ֗םand thereconj וְ + art · שָׁם (H8033)Coordinating conjunctionשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
אֲרוֹן֙the ark ofN com c sg constr · אָרוֹן (H727)Construct chain (genitival)אָרוֹן (H727) 'ark'.
בְּרִ֣יתthe covenant ofN com f sg constr · בְּרִית (H1285)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִית (H1285) 'covenant'; the renewed Sinai covenant, restoring the relationship broken by the golden calf.
הָאֱלֹהִ֔יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
בַּיָּמִ֖יםin the daysprep + art + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הָהֵֽםthoseart + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵם (H1992), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
28

וּ֠פִינְחָס בֶּן אֶלְעָזָ֨ר בֶּֽן אַהֲרֹ֜ן עֹמֵ֣ד לְפָנָ֗יו בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵם֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הַאוֹסִ֨ף ע֜וֹד לָצֵ֧את לַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה עִם בְּנֵֽי בִנְיָמִ֥ן אָחִ֖י אִם אֶחְדָּ֑ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ עֲל֔וּ כִּ֥י מָחָ֖ר אֶתְּנֶ֥נּוּ בְיָדֶֽךָ

and Phinehas son of Eleazar son of Aaron was standing before it in those days — saying, Shall I yet again go out to war with the sons of Benjamin my brother, or shall I stop? And YHWH said, Go up, for tomorrow I will give him into your hand.

Phinehas and the ark; tomorrow I will give him
The ark and Phinehas date the story in an early frame; the third inquiry finally promises the city.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
וּ֠פִינְחָסPhinehasconj וְ + N proper · פִּינְחָס (H6372)Proper namePhinehas, Eleazar's son, whose zeal (Num 25) secures a perpetual priestly covenant for his line.
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
אֶלְעָזָ֨רEleazarN proper · אֶלְעָזָר (H499)Proper nameאֶלְעָזָר (H499); see v. 6.
בֶּֽןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
אַהֲרֹ֜ןAaronN proper · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Proper nameאַהֲרֹן (H175).
עֹמֵ֣דstandingQal ptc ms · עָמַד (H5975)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָמַד (H5975) 'to stand'.
לְפָנָ֗יוbefore himprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
בַּיָּמִ֣יםin the daysprep + art + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הָהֵם֮thoseart + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵם (H1992), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
לֵאמֹר֒sayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
הַאוֹסִ֨ףhe shall addinterrog. + Hiphil impf 1cs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add'.
ע֜וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'still, yet, again'; with the negation, 'no longer'.
לָצֵ֧אתto go outprep + Qal inf constr · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
לַמִּלְחָמָ֛הfor battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Prepositional phraseמִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֥ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
אָחִ֖יbrother ofN com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֶחְדָּ֑לwill ceaseQal impf 1cs · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָדַל (H2308) 'to cease, stop'; negated here for the sober, realist claim that poverty will never disappear — the counterpoint to v. 4's ideal.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
יְהוָה֙YHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
עֲל֔וּwent upQal impv 2mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
מָחָ֖רtomorrowN com m sg abs · מָחָר (H4279)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָחָר (H4279) 'tomorrow'; the timing motif that lets Pharaoh himself fix the moment of proof.
אֶתְּנֶ֥נּוּis givingQal impf 1cs + sfx 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
בְיָדֶֽךָinto your handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
29

וַיָּ֤שֶׂם יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֹֽרְבִ֔ים אֶל הַגִּבְעָ֖ה סָבִֽיב

And Israel set ambushes against Gibeah all around.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיָּ֤שֶׂםand he setconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760), put, place, set
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֹֽרְבִ֔יםlying in ambushQal ptc mp · אָרַב (H693)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַגִּבְעָ֖הGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
סָבִֽיבall aroundN com c sg abs · סָבִיב (H5439)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָבִיב (H5439) 'round about, surrounding'; used adverbially of an encircling border.
30

וַיַּעֲל֧וּ בְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ אֶל הַגִּבְעָ֖ה כְּפַ֥עַם בְּפָֽעַם

And the sons of Israel went up against the sons of Benjamin on the third day and arrayed against Gibeah as at other times.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they went up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיַּעֲל֧וּand they went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֖ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑יthe thirdart + Adj · שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992) 'third'.
וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּand they drew upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָרַךְ (H6186) 'to arrange, set in order, lay out'; the technical verb for tending, trimming, and setting the lamps in order (cf. Lev 24:3-4).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַגִּבְעָ֖הGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
כְּפַ֥עַםas at [other] timeprep + N com f sg abs · פַּעַם (H6471)Prepositional phraseפַּעַם (H6471) 'foot-fall, occurrence, time'; used idiomatically for counting occurrences.
בְּפָֽעַםat the timeprep + N com f sg abs · פַּעַם (H6471)Prepositional phraseפַּעַם (H6471) 'foot-fall, occurrence, time'; used idiomatically for counting occurrences.
31

וַיֵּצְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי בִנְיָמִן֙ לִקְרַ֣את הָעָ֔ם הָנְתְּק֖וּ מִן הָעִ֑יר וַיָּחֵ֡לּוּ לְהַכּוֹת֩ מֵהָעָ֨ם חֲלָלִ֜ים כְּפַ֣עַם בְּפַ֗עַם בַּֽמְסִלּוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַחַ֜ת עֹלָ֣ה בֵֽית אֵ֗ל וְאַחַ֤ת גִּבְעָ֨תָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And the sons of Benjamin came out to meet the people; they were drawn away from the city, and they began to strike some of the people, slain, as at other times, on the highways, of which one goes up to Bethel and one to Gibeah, in the field, about thirty men in Israel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
וַיֵּצְא֤וּand they went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִן֙BenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
לִקְרַ֣אתto meetprep + Qal inf constr · קָרָא (H7125)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7125) 'to meet, encounter'; idiom לִקְרַאת, often of hostile confrontation, 'to meet you (in battle), against you.'
הָעָ֔םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
הָנְתְּק֖וּwere liftedHophal perf 3cp · נָתַק (H5423)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַק (H5423) 'to pull away, tear off'; Niphal, of the priests' soles being detached from the wet riverbed onto dry ground — the precise trigger for the flood's return.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הָעִ֑ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
וַיָּחֵ֡לּוּbeganconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָלַל (H2490) Hiphil 'to begin'; מֵהָחֵל, 'from the beginning of,' fixes the starting point of the seven-week count to the sickle's first use.
לְהַכּוֹת֩to strike downprep + Hiphil inf constr · הִכָּה (H5221)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike'.
מֵהָעָ֨םthe peopleprep + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Prepositional phraseעַם (H5971); see v.7.
חֲלָלִ֜יםslainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) properly 'pierced, fatally wounded'; used substantivally for a corpse — the anonymous slain man whose unknown killer triggers the whole rite.
כְּפַ֣עַםas at [other] timeprep + N com f sg abs · פַּעַם (H6471)Prepositional phraseפַּעַם (H6471) 'foot-fall, occurrence, time'; used idiomatically for counting occurrences.
בְּפַ֗עַםat the timeprep + N com f sg abs · פַּעַם (H6471)Prepositional phraseפַּעַם (H6471) 'foot-fall, occurrence, time'; used idiomatically for counting occurrences.
בַּֽמְסִלּוֹת֙from their coursesprep + art + N com f pl abs · מְסִלָּה (H4546)Prepositional phraseמְסִלָּה (H4546) 'highway, course'; the stars fight 'from their tracks' — they do not leave the sky, yet they fight.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
אַחַ֜תoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
עֹלָ֣הgo upQal ptc fs · עָלָה (H5927)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
בֵֽיתBethelN proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
אֵ֗ל-elN proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
וְאַחַ֤תoneconj וְ + Adj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
גִּבְעָ֨תָה֙GibeahN proper + Sd · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
בַּשָּׂדֶ֔הin the fieldprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Prepositional phraseשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥יםabout thirtyprep + Adj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Prepositional phraseשְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
אִ֖ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽלin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
32

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן נִגָּפִ֥ים הֵ֛ם לְפָנֵ֖ינוּ כְּבָרִאשֹׁנָ֑ה וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל אָמְר֗וּ נָנ֨וּסָה֙ וּֽנְתַקְּנֻ֔הוּ מִן הָעִ֖יר אֶל הַֽמְסִלּֽוֹת

And the sons of Benjamin said, They are struck down before us as at the first. And the sons of Israel said, Let us flee, and we will draw them away from the city to the highways.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙and they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֔ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
נִגָּפִ֥יםbeing struck downNiphal ptc mp · נָגַף (H5062)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַף (H5062) 'to strike, smite'; Niphal passive 'be struck down, defeated' — the concrete military consequence YHWH warns will follow presumption without his presence.
הֵ֛םtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵם (H1992), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
לְפָנֵ֖ינוּbefore usprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 1cp · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
כְּבָרִאשֹׁנָ֑הthe firstprep + prep + art + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Prepositional phraseרִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'; ordinal from רֹאשׁ 'head'; names both the first day of Unleavened Bread and 'the first month' of Israel's reckoned year.
וּבְנֵ֧יand the sons ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֣לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אָמְר֗וּthey saidQal perf 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559).
נָנ֨וּסָה֙to fleeQal cohortative 1cp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalנוּס (H5127) 'to flee'.
וּֽנְתַקְּנֻ֔הוּwere liftedconj וְ + Qal q 1cp + sfx 3ms · נָתַק (H5423)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationנָתַק (H5423) 'to pull away, tear off'; Niphal, of the priests' soles being detached from the wet riverbed onto dry ground — the precise trigger for the flood's return.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הָעִ֖ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַֽמְסִלּֽוֹתfrom their coursesart + N com f pl abs · מְסִלָּה (H4546)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְסִלָּה (H4546) 'highway, course'; the stars fight 'from their tracks' — they do not leave the sky, yet they fight.
33

וְכֹ֣ל אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל קָ֚מוּ מִמְּקוֹמ֔וֹ וַיַּעַרְכ֖וּ בְּבַ֣עַל תָּמָ֑ר וְאֹרֵ֧ב יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵגִ֥יחַ מִמְּקֹמ֖וֹ מִמַּֽעֲרֵה גָֽבַע

And every man of Israel rose from his place and arrayed at Baal-tamar, and Israel's ambush burst forth from its place, from Maareh-geba.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'rise up!'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְכֹ֣לand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
קָ֚מוּrise up!Qal perf 3cp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
מִמְּקוֹמ֔וֹfrom its placeprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מָקוֹם (H4725)Prepositional phraseמָקוֹם (H4725); see v.2.
וַיַּעַרְכ֖וּand they drew upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָרַךְ (H6186) 'to arrange, set in order, lay out'; the technical verb for tending, trimming, and setting the lamps in order (cf. Lev 24:3-4).
בְּבַ֣עַלinprep + N proper · H1193Proper nameH1193 'in'.
תָּמָ֑רinN proper · בַּעַל תָּמָר (H1193)Proper nameH1193 'in'.
וְאֹרֵ֧בand lies in waitconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · אָרַב (H693)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
מֵגִ֥יחַbursting forthHiphil ptc ms · גִּיחַ (H1518)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגִּיחַ (H1518) 'bursting forth'.
מִמְּקֹמ֖וֹfrom his placeprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מָקוֹם (H4725)Prepositional phraseמָקוֹם (H4725); see v.2.
מִמַּֽעֲרֵהfromprep + N com m sg constr · H4629Prepositional phraseH4629 'from'.
גָֽבַעGibeahN proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
34

וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ מִנֶּ֨גֶד לַגִּבְעָ֜ה עֲשֶׂרֶת֩ אֲלָפִ֨ים אִ֤ישׁ בָּחוּר֙ מִכָּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה כָּבֵ֑דָה וְהֵם֙ לֹ֣א יָדְע֔וּ כִּֽי נֹגַ֥עַת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הָרָעָֽה

And ten thousand chosen men from all Israel came over against Gibeah, and the battle was heavy, and they did not know that evil was touching upon them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיָּבֹאוּ֩and they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
מִנֶּ֨גֶדat a distanceprep + prep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Prepositional phraseנֶגֶד (H5048) 'in front of, opposite'; intensifies the picture of life hanging visibly before one's own eyes.
לַגִּבְעָ֜הGibeahprep + art + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
עֲשֶׂרֶת֩tenAdj c · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'; the gold pan's fixed weight in shekels.
אֲלָפִ֨יםthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֤ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
בָּחוּר֙chosenQal ptc ms · בָּחַר (H977)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּחַר (H977); see v.2.
מִכָּלfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖הwarconj וְ + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
כָּבֵ֑דָהis heavyQal perf 3fs · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּבֵד (H3513) Niphal 'to be honored, glorious, weighty'; describes the name's inherent majesty.
וְהֵם֙and theyconj וְ + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵם (H1992), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יָדְע֔וּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed act'to know'; Niphal (v.3) 'to make oneself known'; Qal (v.7) 'to know' experientially through the exodus.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
נֹגַ֥עַתtouchesQal ptc fs · נָגַע (H5060)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַע (H5060) 'to touch'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֖םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הָרָעָֽהthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) bad, evil
35

וַיִּגֹּ֨ף יְהוָ֥ה אֶֽת בִּנְיָמִן֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בְּבִנְיָמִן֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וַחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה אֶ֛לֶף וּמֵאָ֖ה אִ֑ישׁ כָּל אֵ֖לֶּה שֹׁ֥לֵף חָֽרֶב

And YHWH struck Benjamin before Israel, and the sons of Israel destroyed of Benjamin that day twenty-five thousand one hundred men, all these drawing the sword.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'you be struck down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיִּגֹּ֨ףyou be struck downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַף (H5062)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַף (H5062) 'to strike, smite'; Niphal passive 'be struck down, defeated' — the concrete military consequence YHWH warns will follow presumption without his presence.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
בִּנְיָמִן֮BenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
יִשְׂרָאֵל֒IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ֩to destroyconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁחַת (H7843)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to ruin, destroy', Hiphil causative; the annihilation threatened after the golden calf (9:14,19,25), which YHWH declined to carry out.
בְנֵ֨יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֤לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
בְּבִנְיָמִן֙Benjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַה֔וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
עֶשְׂרִ֨יםtwentyAdj c · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
וַחֲמִשָּׁ֥הand fiveconj וְ + Adj c · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five', from חָמֵשׁ; the fixed tally of rams, he-goats, and lambs in each day's peace offering.
אֶ֛לֶףthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
וּמֵאָ֖הand a hundredconj וְ + Adj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
אִ֑ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428); opens the recurring tribal-total formula.
שֹׁ֥לֵףhe drew outQal ptc ms · שָׁלַף (H8025)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁלַף (H8025) 'to draw out, unsheathe'; passive participle, 'drawn' — signals immediate readiness for combat, heightening the tension of the confrontation.
חָֽרֶבthe swordN com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719), see v.11.
36

וַיִּרְא֥וּ בְנֵֽי בִנְיָמִ֖ן כִּ֣י נִגָּ֑פוּ וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ אִֽישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל מָקוֹם֙ לְבִנְיָמִ֔ן כִּ֤י בָֽטְחוּ֙ אֶל הָ֣אֹרֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁר שָׂ֖מוּ אֶל הַגִּבְעָֽה

And the sons of Benjamin saw that they were struck down, and the men of Israel gave place to Benjamin because they trusted in the ambush that they had set against Gibeah.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיִּרְא֥וּand they sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200).
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֖ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
נִגָּ֑פוּyou be struck downNiphal perf 3cp · נָגַף (H5062)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַף (H5062) 'to strike, smite'; Niphal passive 'be struck down, defeated' — the concrete military consequence YHWH warns will follow presumption without his presence.
וַיִּתְּנ֨וּand they gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
אִֽישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֤לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
מָקוֹם֙a placeN com m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725); see v.2.
לְבִנְיָמִ֔ןof Benjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
בָֽטְחוּ֙trustingQal perf 3cp · בָּטַח (H982)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּטַח (H982) 'to trust'; misplaced trust in fortification walls rather than YHWH, a recurring prophetic critique (cf. Jer 5:17; Mic 5:10-11).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָ֣אֹרֵ֔בthe ambushart + Qal ptc ms · אָרַב (H693)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
שָׂ֖מוּhad setQal perf 3cp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760), put, place, set
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַגִּבְעָֽהGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
37

וְהָאֹרֵ֣ב הֵחִ֔ישׁוּ וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּ אֶל הַגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיִּמְשֹׁךְ֙ הָאֹרֵ֔ב וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת כָּל הָעִ֖יר לְפִי חָֽרֶב

And the ambush hurried and rushed against Gibeah, and the ambush marched and struck the whole city with the edge of the sword.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'lying in ambush'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְהָאֹרֵ֣בlying in ambushconj וְ + art + Qal ptc ms · אָרַב (H693)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
הֵחִ֔ישׁוּand hastensHiphil perf 3cp · חוּשׁ (H2363)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחוּשׁ (H2363) Qal 'hasten, hurry'; the things prepared for their downfall are rushing to arrive. source id 05tFq.
וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּand raidedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּשַׁט (H6584) Hiphil 'to strip off'; the brothers' first physical act — stripping the symbolic garment before casting Joseph into the pit.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַגִּבְעָ֑הGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
וַיִּמְשֹׁךְ֙has pulledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מָשַׁךְ (H4900)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָשַׁךְ (H4900) 'to draw, drag, pull'; here 'has drawn/pulled [in a yoke]' — reinforcing that the animal has done no labor whatsoever.
הָאֹרֵ֔בthe ambushart + Qal ptc ms · אָרַב (H693)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
וַיַּ֥ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הָעִ֖ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
לְפִיwith the edge ofprep + N com m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Prepositional phraseפֶּה (H6310), see v.28.
חָֽרֶבthe swordN com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719), see v.11.
38

וְהַמּוֹעֵ֗ד הָיָ֛ה לְאִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִם הָאֹרֵ֑ב הֶ֕רֶב לְהַעֲלוֹתָ֛ם מַשְׂאַ֥ת הֶעָשָׁ֖ן מִן הָעִֽיר

And the appointed signal was for the men of Israel with the ambush: make them send up a great rising of smoke from the city.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְהַמּוֹעֵ֗דmeetingconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹעֵד (H4150).
הָיָ֛הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
לְאִ֥ישׁto a manprep + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Prepositional phraseאִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
הָאֹרֵ֑בthe ambushart + Qal ptc ms · אָרַב (H693)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
הֶ֕רֶבand multiplyHiphil impv 2ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָבָה (H7235) 'to be(come) many'; Hiphil causative, 'to multiply, make numerous' — fulfillment language echoing the patriarchal promise of innumerable offspring.
לְהַעֲלוֹתָ֛םand he went upprep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
מַשְׂאַ֥תportionsN com f sg constr · מַשְׂאֵת (H4864)Construct chain (genitival)מַשְׂאֵת (H4864) 'portion, gift, burden'; from נָשָׂא; food portions sent from the host's table; a mark of favor and honor.
הֶעָשָׁ֖ןsmoke ofart + N com m sg abs · עָשָׁן (H6227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׁן (H6227) 'smoke'; with 3ms suffix, the mountain's own smoke — visual confirmation of the fire just mentioned.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הָעִֽירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
39

וַיַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ אִֽישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וּבִנְיָמִ֡ן הֵחֵל֩ לְהַכּ֨וֹת חֲלָלִ֤ים בְּאִֽישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ אַךְ֩ נִגּ֨וֹף נִגָּ֥ף הוּא֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ כַּמִּלְחָמָ֖ה הָרִאשֹׁנָֽה

And the men of Israel turned in the battle, and Benjamin had begun to strike slain in the men of Israel about thirty men, for they said, Surely he is struck down, struck down before us, as in the first battle.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיַּהֲפֹ֥ךְand he turnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָפַךְ (H2015)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָפַךְ (H2015) 'to turn, overturn'; the chapter's grace-note verb — God actively converts the intended curse into blessing.
אִֽישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑הin the battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Prepositional phraseמִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
וּבִנְיָמִ֡ןand Benjaminconj וְ + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
הֵחֵל֩begin!Hiphil perf 3ms · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַל (H2490) Hiphil 'to begin'; מֵהָחֵל, 'from the beginning of,' fixes the starting point of the seven-week count to the sickle's first use.
לְהַכּ֨וֹתto strike downprep + Hiphil inf constr · הִכָּה (H5221)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike'.
חֲלָלִ֤יםslainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) properly 'pierced, fatally wounded'; used substantivally for a corpse — the anonymous slain man whose unknown killer triggers the whole rite.
בְּאִֽישׁagainst the manprep + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Prepositional phraseאִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםabout thirtyprep + Adj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Prepositional phraseשְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
אִ֔ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
אָמְר֔וּthey saidQal perf 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559).
אַךְ֩onlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'surely, just'; introduces the comparison confirming the analogy already made in v.15. Source id 05RDi.
נִגּ֨וֹףyou be struck downNiphal inf abs · נָגַף (H5062)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionנָגַף (H5062) 'to strike, smite'; Niphal passive 'be struck down, defeated' — the concrete military consequence YHWH warns will follow presumption without his presence.
נִגָּ֥ףstruck downNiphal ptc ms · נָגַף (H5062)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַף (H5062) 'to strike, smite'; Niphal passive 'be struck down, defeated' — the concrete military consequence YHWH warns will follow presumption without his presence.
הוּא֙hepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
לְפָנֵ֔ינוּbefore usprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 1cp · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
כַּמִּלְחָמָ֖הwarprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Prepositional phraseמִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
הָרִאשֹׁנָֽהthe firstart + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'; ordinal from רֹאשׁ 'head'; names both the first day of Unleavened Bread and 'the first month' of Israel's reckoned year.
40

וְהַמַּשְׂאֵ֗ת הֵחֵ֛לָּה לַעֲל֥וֹת מִן הָעִ֖יר עַמּ֣וּד עָשָׁ֑ן וַיִּ֤פֶן בִּנְיָמִן֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְהִנֵּ֛ה עָלָ֥ה כְלִיל הָעִ֖יר הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָה

And the rising began to go up from the city, a column of smoke, and Benjamin turned behind him, and behold, the whole of the city had gone up to heaven.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'began'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְהַמַּשְׂאֵ֗תportionsconj וְ + art + N com f sg abs · מַשְׂאֵת (H4864)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַשְׂאֵת (H4864) 'portion, gift, burden'; from נָשָׂא; food portions sent from the host's table; a mark of favor and honor.
הֵחֵ֛לָּהbeganHiphil perf 3fs · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַל (H2490) Hiphil 'to begin'; מֵהָחֵל, 'from the beginning of,' fixes the starting point of the seven-week count to the sickle's first use.
לַעֲל֥וֹתto go upprep + Qal inf constr · עָלָה (H5927)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הָעִ֖ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
עַמּ֣וּדpillar ofN com m sg constr · עַמּוּד (H5982)Construct chain (genitival)עַמּוּד (H5982) 'pillar'.
עָשָׁ֑ןsmoke ofN com m sg abs · עָשָׁן (H6227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׁן (H6227) 'smoke'; with 3ms suffix, the mountain's own smoke — visual confirmation of the fire just mentioned.
וַיִּ֤פֶןand he turnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּנָה (H6437)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּנָה (H6437) 'to turn, face'; imperative 'turn (yourselves)!' — command to break camp and reorient toward the land.
בִּנְיָמִן֙BenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
אַחֲרָ֔יוafter himprep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
וְהִנֵּ֛הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Coordinating conjunctionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
עָלָ֥הgo upQal perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
כְלִילentirely ofAdj · כָּלִיל (H3632)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּלִיל (H3632) 'whole, entire', used substantivally/adverbially for a wholly-burnt offering (cf. Lev 6:15-16; the עֹלָה 'whole burnt offering'); the destroyed spoil is offered entirely to YHWH rather than plundered — an act of worship, not profit.
הָעִ֖ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָהto the heavensart + N com m pl abs + Sd · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064), heavens, sky
41

וְאִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָפַ֔ךְ וַיִּבָּהֵ֖ל אִ֣ישׁ בִּנְיָמִ֑ן כִּ֣י רָאָ֔ה כִּֽי נָגְעָ֥ה עָלָ֖יו הָרָעָֽה

And the men of Israel turned, and the men of Benjamin were dismayed, for they saw that evil had touched upon them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאִ֤ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
הָפַ֔ךְhas turnedQal perf 3ms · הָפַךְ (H2015)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָפַךְ (H2015) 'to turn, overturn'; the chapter's grace-note verb — God actively converts the intended curse into blessing.
וַיִּבָּהֵ֖לwere dismayedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּהַל (H926)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּהַל (H926) 'to be dismayed, terrified'; Niphal passive-reflexive, describing the chiefs' overwhelmed reaction.
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
בִּנְיָמִ֑ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
רָאָ֔הseeQal perf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200).
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
נָגְעָ֥הhas touchedQal perf 3fs · נָגַע (H5060)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַע (H5060) 'to touch'.
עָלָ֖יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הָרָעָֽהthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) bad, evil
42

וַיִּפְנ֞וּ לִפְנֵ֨י אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה הִדְבִּיקָ֑תְהוּ וַאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֥ים אוֹת֖וֹ בְּתוֹכֽוֹ

And they turned before the men of Israel toward the way of the wilderness, and the battle clung to them, and those from the cities were destroying them in their midst.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיִּפְנ֞וּand they turnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · פָּנָה (H6437)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּנָה (H6437) 'to turn, face'; imperative 'turn (yourselves)!' — command to break camp and reorient toward the land.
לִפְנֵ֨יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
אִ֤ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
דֶּ֣רֶךְthe way ofN com c sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'road'.
הַמִּדְבָּ֔רthe wildernessart + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'wilderness, desert'.
וְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖הwarconj וְ + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
הִדְבִּיקָ֑תְהוּyou shall clingHiphil perf 3fs + sfx 3ms · דָּבַק (H1692)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּבַק (H1692) 'to cling, cleave, stay close'; third verb, imaging covenant loyalty as physical adherence (cf. Ruth's דבק to Naomi; Gen 2:24).
וַאֲשֶׁר֙and whoconj וְ + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔יםfrom the citiesprep + art + N com f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Prepositional phraseעִיר (H5892) 'city'.
מַשְׁחִיתִ֥יםto destroyHiphil ptc mp · שָׁחַת (H7843)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to ruin, destroy', Hiphil causative; the annihilation threatened after the golden calf (9:14,19,25), which YHWH declined to carry out.
אוֹת֖וֹhimobj marker + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
בְּתוֹכֽוֹin the middle of itprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Prepositional phraseתָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst'.
43

כִּתְּר֤וּ אֶת בִּנְיָמִן֙ הִרְדִיפֻ֔הוּ מְנוּחָ֖ה הִדְרִיכֻ֑הוּ עַ֛ד נֹ֥כַח הַגִּבְעָ֖ה מִמִּזְרַח שָֽׁמֶשׁ

They surrounded Benjamin, pursued him, trod him down at Nuhah as far as opposite Gibeah toward the sunrise.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'surround'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כִּתְּר֤וּsurroundPiel perf 3cp · כָּתַר (H3803)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּתַר (H3803) 'surround'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
בִּנְיָמִן֙BenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
הִרְדִיפֻ֔הוּand they pursuedHiphil perf 3cp + sfx 3ms · רָדַף (H7291)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָדַף (H7291).
מְנוּחָ֖הa resting placeN com c sg abs · מְנוּחָה (H4496)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְנוּחָה (H4496) 'resting place, rest', from נוח 'to rest'; the settled security of the land, contrasted with the wilderness march (cf. v.10's 'rest from enemies'). Source id 05kig.
הִדְרִיכֻ֑הוּhe trodHiphil perf 3cp + sfx 3ms · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'to tread, march, walk upon'; recalls Caleb's actual footsteps during the spy mission (Num 13:22, Hebron), the literal ground of his inheritance claim (cf. Josh 14:9, 'the land on which your foot trod').
עַ֛דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
נֹ֥כַחoppositeprep · נֹכַח (H5227)Prepositional phraseנֹכַח (H5227) 'in front of, opposite'; positions the lampstand across from the table.
הַגִּבְעָ֖הGibeahart + N proper · גִּבְעָה (H1390)Proper nameגִּבְעָה (H1390) 'hill'; this Judahite Gibeah is distinct from the notorious Benjaminite Gibeah of Judg 19-20 and from Saul's Gibeah — a very common toponym (Hebrew גִּבְעָה simply means 'hill'). Source id 06vNk.
מִמִּזְרַחfrom the eastprep + N com m sg constr · מִזְרָח (H4217)Prepositional phraseמִזְרָח (H4217) 'east, sunrise'; with the directional suffix, 'toward/on the east side.' Source id 053it.
שָֽׁמֶשׁsunN com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121), see v.12.
44

וַֽיִּפְּלוּ֙ מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ן שְׁמֹנָֽה עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֖לֶף אִ֑ישׁ אֶת כָּל אֵ֖לֶּה אַנְשֵׁי חָֽיִל

And there fell of Benjamin eighteen thousand men; all these were men of valor.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they fell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַֽיִּפְּלוּ֙and they fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'to fall'.
מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ןBenjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
שְׁמֹנָֽהeightAdj c · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; completes 'thirty-eight'.
עָשָׂ֥ר-teenAdj c · עָשָׂר (H6240)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׂר (H6240), the teens-forming element '-teen'; combines with a units numeral (e.g. עַשְׁתֵּי or שְׁנֵים) to form 'eleven', 'twelve', etc.
אֶ֖לֶףthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֑ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428); opens the recurring tribal-total formula.
אַנְשֵׁיthe men ofN com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
חָֽיִלabilityN com m sg abs · חַיִל (H2428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַיִל (H2428).
45

וַיִּפְנ֞וּ וַיָּנֻ֤סוּ הַמִּדְבָּ֨רָה֙ אֶל סֶ֣לַע הָֽרִמּ֔וֹן וַיְעֹֽלְלֻ֨הוּ֙ בַּֽמְסִלּ֔וֹת חֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ וַיַּדְבִּ֤יקוּ אַחֲרָיו֙ עַד גִּדְעֹ֔ם וַיַּכּ֥וּ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ אַלְפַּ֥יִם אִֽישׁ

And they turned and fled toward the wilderness to the rock of Rimmon, and they gleaned them on the highways, five thousand men, and they clung after him as far as Gidom and struck of him two thousand men.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיִּפְנ֞וּand they turnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · פָּנָה (H6437)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּנָה (H6437) 'to turn, face'; imperative 'turn (yourselves)!' — command to break camp and reorient toward the land.
וַיָּנֻ֤סוּand they fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּס (H5127) 'to flee'.
הַמִּדְבָּ֨רָה֙into the wildernessart + N com m sg abs + Sd · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'wilderness, desert'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
סֶ֣לַעthe rockN com m sg constr · סֶלַע (H5553)Construct chain (genitival)סֶלַע (H5553) 'rock, crag, cliff'; the idealized image of honey flowing from bare rock, emphasizing the land's supernatural abundance. source id 05iiM.
הָֽרִמּ֔וֹןRimmonart + N proper · רִמּוֹן (H7417)Proper nameרִמּוֹן 'pomegranate'; see note at עַיִן — later combined with it as the single town En-rimmon; tentatively located at Khirbet er-Ramamin near Tel Halif.
וַיְעֹֽלְלֻ֨הוּ֙you shall glean it a second timeconj וְ + Poel wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3ms · עָלַל (H5953)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלַל (H5953) Poel 'to glean thoroughly, deal severely with'; denominative from עוֹלֵלֹת 'gleanings,' prohibiting a meticulous second pass through the vineyard.
בַּֽמְסִלּ֔וֹתfrom their coursesprep + art + N com f pl abs · מְסִלָּה (H4546)Prepositional phraseמְסִלָּה (H4546) 'highway, course'; the stars fight 'from their tracks' — they do not leave the sky, yet they fight.
חֲמֵ֥שֶׁתthe five ofAdj c · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five', from חָמֵשׁ; the fixed tally of rams, he-goats, and lambs in each day's peace offering.
אֲלָפִ֖יםthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֑ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
וַיַּדְבִּ֤יקוּyou shall clingconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · דָּבַק (H1692)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדָּבַק (H1692) 'to cling, cleave, stay close'; third verb, imaging covenant loyalty as physical adherence (cf. Ruth's דבק to Naomi; Gen 2:24).
אַחֲרָיו֙after himprep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
גִּדְעֹ֔םGidomN proper · גִּדְעֹם (H1440)Proper nameגִּדְעֹם (H1440) 'Gidom'.
וַיַּכּ֥וּand they struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike'.
מִמֶּ֖נּוּfrom itprep + sfx 1cp · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
אַלְפַּ֥יִםthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִֽישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
46

וַיְהִי֩ כָל הַנֹּ֨פְלִ֜ים מִבִּנְיָמִ֗ן עֶשְׂרִים֩ וַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה אֶ֥לֶף אִ֛ישׁ שֹׁ֥לֵֽף חֶ֖רֶב בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא אֶֽת כָּל אֵ֖לֶּה אַנְשֵׁי חָֽיִל

And all who fell of Benjamin were twenty-five thousand men drawing the sword on that day; all these were men of valor.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְהִי֩and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
כָלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הַנֹּ֨פְלִ֜יםthe fallenart + Qal ptc mp · נָפַל (H5307)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָפַל (H5307) 'to fall'.
מִבִּנְיָמִ֗ןBenjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
עֶשְׂרִים֩twentyAdj c · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
וַחֲמִשָּׁ֨הand fiveconj וְ + Adj c · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five', from חָמֵשׁ; the fixed tally of rams, he-goats, and lambs in each day's peace offering.
אֶ֥לֶףthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֛ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
שֹׁ֥לֵֽףhe drew outQal ptc ms · שָׁלַף (H8025)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁלַף (H8025) 'to draw out, unsheathe'; passive participle, 'drawn' — signals immediate readiness for combat, heightening the tension of the confrontation.
חֶ֖רֶבthe swordN com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719), see v.11.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַה֑וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428); opens the recurring tribal-total formula.
אַנְשֵׁיthe men ofN com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
חָֽיִלabilityN com m sg abs · חַיִל (H2428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַיִל (H2428).
47

וַיִּפְנ֞וּ וַיָּנֻ֤סוּ הַמִּדְבָּ֨רָה֙ אֶל סֶ֣לַע הָֽרִמּ֔וֹן שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וַיֵּֽשְׁבוּ֙ בְּסֶ֣לַע רִמּ֔וֹן אַרְבָּעָ֖ה חֳדָשִֽׁים

And they turned and fled toward the wilderness to the rock of Rimmon, six hundred men, and they lived at the rock of Rimmon four months.

Six hundred at the rock of Rimmon
A remnant of six hundred survives four months — the seed of chapter 21.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיִּפְנ֞וּand they turnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · פָּנָה (H6437)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּנָה (H6437) 'to turn, face'; imperative 'turn (yourselves)!' — command to break camp and reorient toward the land.
וַיָּנֻ֤סוּand they fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּס (H5127) 'to flee'.
הַמִּדְבָּ֨רָה֙into the wildernessart + N com m sg abs + Sd · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'wilderness, desert'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
סֶ֣לַעthe rockN com m sg constr · סֶלַע (H5553)Construct chain (genitival)סֶלַע (H5553) 'rock, crag, cliff'; the idealized image of honey flowing from bare rock, emphasizing the land's supernatural abundance. source id 05iiM.
הָֽרִמּ֔וֹןRimmonart + N proper · רִמּוֹן (H7417)Proper nameרִמּוֹן 'pomegranate'; see note at עַיִן — later combined with it as the single town En-rimmon; tentatively located at Khirbet er-Ramamin near Tel Halif.
שֵׁ֥שׁsixAdj c · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'.
מֵא֖וֹתhundredAdj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
אִ֑ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
וַיֵּֽשְׁבוּ֙and settledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
בְּסֶ֣לַעin the rockprep + N com m sg constr · סֶלַע (H5553)Prepositional phraseסֶלַע (H5553) 'rock, crag, cliff'; the idealized image of honey flowing from bare rock, emphasizing the land's supernatural abundance. source id 05iiM.
רִמּ֔וֹןRimmonN proper · רִמּוֹן (H7417)Proper nameרִמּוֹן 'pomegranate'; see note at עַיִן — later combined with it as the single town En-rimmon; tentatively located at Khirbet er-Ramamin near Tel Halif.
אַרְבָּעָ֖הfourAdj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
חֳדָשִֽׁיםmonthsN com m pl abs · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'month, new moon'.
48

וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל שָׁ֣בוּ אֶל בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי חֶ֔רֶב מֵעִ֤יר מְתֹם֙ עַד בְּהֵמָ֔ה עַ֖ד כָּל הַנִּמְצָ֑א גַּ֛ם כָּל הֶעָרִ֥ים הַנִּמְצָא֖וֹת שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ

And the men of Israel turned back to the sons of Benjamin and struck them with the edge of the sword, from city, men, to beast, to all that was found; also all the cities that were found they sent into fire.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'return!'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וְאִ֨ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֜לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
שָׁ֣בוּreturn!Qal perf 3cp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
בְּנֵ֤יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִן֙BenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
וַיַּכּ֣וּםand they struck themconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike'.
לְפִיwith the edge ofprep + N com m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Prepositional phraseפֶּה (H6310), see v.28.
חֶ֔רֶבthe swordN com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719), see v.11.
מֵעִ֤ירfrom the city ofprep + N com f sg constr · עִיר (H5892)Prepositional phraseעִיר (H5892) 'city'.
מְתֹם֙soundnessN com m sg abs · מְתֹם (H4974)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְתֹם (H4974) 'soundness'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
בְּהֵמָ֔הbeastN com f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'animal'.
עַ֖דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הַנִּמְצָ֑אfoundart + Niphal ptc ms · מָצָא (H4672)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorTo find, discover, encounter.
גַּ֛םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) also, both, even
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הֶעָרִ֥יםthe citiesart + N com f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
הַנִּמְצָא֖וֹתI have foundart + Niphal ptc fp · מָצָא (H4672)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorTo find, discover, encounter.
שִׁלְּח֥וּsent himPiel perf 3cp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the entire release-formula ('let my people go').
בָאֵֽשׁwith fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Prepositional phraseאֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.