Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Judges, Chapter 21שפטים 21

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Judges 21 is the aftermath of the civil war: an oath that forbids wives to Benjamin, a ḥerem on Jabesh-gilead, a raid on Shiloh's dances, and the last line of the book — no king, each man doing what is right in his own eyes.

Translation & textual notes

The chapter is a legal-and-ritual scramble to keep a tribe alive without breaking an oath. Jabesh-gilead's later bond with Benjamin/Saul (1 Sam 11; 31) is already seeded. The Shiloh feast (v.19) is located with unusual precision. The closing refrain (v.25 = 17:6) frames the whole appendix. Versification follows the MT.

1

וְאִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נִשְׁבַּ֥ע בַּמִּצְפָּ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֣ישׁ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ לֹא יִתֵּ֥ן בִּתּ֛וֹ לְבִנְיָמִ֖ן לְאִשָּֽׁה

And the men of Israel had sworn at Mizpah, saying, No man of us shall give his daughter to Benjamin as a wife.

The oath that creates the shortage
The Mizpah oath — no daughter to Benjamin — is the trap the rest of the chapter will try to cheat.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאִ֣ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
נִשְׁבַּ֥עhe sworeNiphal perf 3ms · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָבַע (H7650) 'to swear (an oath)', reflexive-passive in Niphal, causative 'to adjure' in Hiphil; both stems reflect oath-making by sevenfold pledge (cf. the numeral root).
בַּמִּצְפָּ֖הand Mizpahprep + art + N proper · מִצְפָּה (H4709)Proper namePlace name 'watchpost'; second memorial designation.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
מִמֶּ֔נּוּfrom itprep + sfx 1cp · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יִתֵּ֥ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
בִּתּ֛וֹhis daughterN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) daughter
לְבִנְיָמִ֖ןof Benjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
לְאִשָּֽׁהas a wifeprep + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Prepositional phraseאִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
2

וַיָּבֹ֤א הָעָם֙ בֵּֽית אֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֤שְׁבוּ שָׁם֙ עַד הָעֶ֔רֶב לִפְנֵ֖י הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ קוֹלָ֔ם וַיִּבְכּ֖וּ בְּכִ֥י גָדֽוֹל

And the people came to Bethel and sat there until evening before God, and they lifted their voice and wept a great weeping.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיָּבֹ֤אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
הָעָם֙the peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
בֵּֽיתBethelN proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
אֵ֔ל-elN proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
וַיֵּ֤שְׁבוּand settledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
שָׁם֙thereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הָעֶ֔רֶבthe eveningart + N com m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'.
לִפְנֵ֖יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
הָאֱלֹהִ֑יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
וַיִּשְׂא֣וּand they lifted upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry, bear'.
קוֹלָ֔םtheir voiceN com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; שָׁמַע בְּקוֹל, the standing idiom for obedience, negated here.
וַיִּבְכּ֖וּand they weptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; the people's belated emotional response to defeat, a grief that comes only after disobedience rather than as genuine repentance beforehand.
בְּכִ֥יweepingN com m sg abs · בְּכִי (H1065)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּכִי (H1065) 'weeping', cognate to בָּכָה of v.8a — the noun form of the nation's tears.
גָדֽוֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419), see v.2.
3

וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ לָמָ֗ה יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הָ֥יְתָה זֹּ֖את בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְהִפָּקֵ֥ד הַיּ֛וֹם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁ֥בֶט אֶחָֽד

And they said, Why, YHWH, God of Israel, has this happened in Israel, that there should be missing today from Israel one tribe?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לָמָ֗הwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN com m pl constr · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
הָ֥יְתָהwasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
זֹּ֖אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063).
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
לְהִפָּקֵ֥דtheir mustered (men)prep + Niphal inf constr · פָּקַד (H6485)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementפָּקַד (H6485) Qal passive participle plural construct + 3mp suffix, 'their mustered/numbered ones.'
הַיּ֛וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖לfrom Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
שֵׁ֥בֶטthe tribe ofN com m sg abs · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
אֶחָֽדoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
4

וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ הָעָ֔ם וַיִּבְנוּ שָׁ֖ם מִזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיַּעֲל֥וּ עֹל֖וֹת וּשְׁלָמִֽים

And the next day the people rose early and built an altar there and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַֽיְהִי֙and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔תon the next dayprep + N com f sg abs · מָחֳרָת (H4283)Prepositional phraseמָחֳרָת (H4283) 'next day, morrow'; from a root meaning 'to be after/behind' — the day following the reunion meal of v.12.
וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּand they rose earlyconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁכַם (H7925)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁכַם (H7925) Hiphil 'to rise early, do promptly'; signals urgent, eager compliance in preparing the covenant ceremony.
הָעָ֔םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
וַיִּבְנוּand they builtconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בָּנָה (H1129)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּנָה (H1129) 'to build'; here of altar construction, opening the seven-altars ritual pattern repeated three times in this chapter.
שָׁ֖םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
מִזְבֵּ֑חַthe altar ofN com m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
וַיַּעֲל֥וּand they went upconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
עֹל֖וֹתburnt offeringsN com f pl abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹלָה (H5930) 'that which goes up, burnt offering', from עלה 'to go up'; wholly consumed on the altar, its smoke ascending to God.
וּשְׁלָמִֽיםthe peace offeringsconj וְ + N com m pl abs · שֶׁלֶם (H8002)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁלֶם (H8002) 'peace/well-being offering', from שָׁלוֹם 'peace, wholeness'; here definite plural, completing זֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים.
5

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִ֠י אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא עָלָ֧ה בַקָּהָ֛ל מִכָּל שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל יְהוָ֑ה כִּי֩ הַשְּׁבוּעָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה הָיְתָ֗ה לַ֠אֲשֶׁר לֹא עָלָ֨ה אֶל יְהוָ֧ה הַמִּצְפָּ֛ה לֵאמֹ֖ר מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת

And the sons of Israel said, Who is there who did not go up in the assembly from all the tribes of Israel to YHWH? For the great oath was upon whoever did not go up to YHWH at Mizpah, saying, He shall surely die.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙and they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
מִ֠יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Interrogative particleמִי (H4310) 'who?'; opens a rhetorical formula ('who is the man who...') used repeatedly (vv.5-8) to enumerate exemption categories.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
עָלָ֧הgo upQal perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
בַקָּהָ֛לinto the assembly ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · קָהָל (H6951)Prepositional phraseקָהָל (H6951) 'assembly, congregation'.
מִכָּלfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
שִׁבְטֵ֥יthe tribes ofN com m pl constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
הַשְּׁבוּעָ֨הthe oathart + N com f sg abs · שְׁבוּעָה (H7621)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁבוּעָה (H7621) 'oath', from שָׁבַע 'to swear'; the patriarchal oath (Gen 15, 22, 26, 28), the legal-covenantal basis for the land-promise and the exodus.
הַגְּדוֹלָ֜הgreatart + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419), see v.2.
הָיְתָ֗הwasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
לַ֠אֲשֶׁרto the one whoprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
עָלָ֨הgo upQal perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
יְהוָ֧הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
הַמִּצְפָּ֛הMizpahart + N proper · מִצְפָּה (H4709)Proper namePlace name 'watchpost'; second memorial designation.
לֵאמֹ֖רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
מ֥וֹתsurelyQal inf abs · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
יוּמָֽתhe shall be put to deathHophal impf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
6

וַיִּנָּֽחֲמוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל בִּנְיָמִ֖ן אָחִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ נִגְדַּ֥ע הַיּ֛וֹם שֵׁ֥בֶט אֶחָ֖ד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל

And the sons of Israel had compassion on Benjamin their brother, and they said, Today one tribe is cut off from Israel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and was comforted'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיִּנָּֽחֲמוּ֙and was comfortedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָחַם (H5162)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָחַם (H5162) Hitpael 'be sorry, relent, have compassion'; the reflexive stem suggests a deep, self-moved change of disposition toward Israel. source id 056Xg.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
בִּנְיָמִ֖ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
אָחִ֑יוhis brothersN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
נִגְדַּ֥עyou shall hew downNiphal perf 3ms · גָּדַע (H1438)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַע (H1438) 'to cut down, hew off'; Piel intensive, of destroying idol images. Source id 05bW5.
הַיּ֛וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
שֵׁ֥בֶטthe tribe ofN com m sg abs · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
אֶחָ֖דoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽלfrom Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
7

מַה נַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם לַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים לְנָשִׁ֑ים וַאֲנַ֨חְנוּ֙ נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ בַֽיהוָ֔ה לְבִלְתִּ֛י תֵּת לָהֶ֥ם מִבְּנוֹתֵ֖ינוּ לְנָשִֽׁים

What shall we do for them, for those who remain, for wives? And we have sworn by YHWH not to give them of our daughters as wives.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'we will do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
נַּעֲשֶׂ֥הwe will doQal impf 1cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לָהֶ֛םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
לַנּוֹתָרִ֖יםwho remainedprep + art + Niphal ptc mp · יָתַר (H3498)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָתַר (H3498) Hiphil 'to cause to abound, leave over in surplus'; the same root reappears grimly at v. 55's 'he has nothing left' under the curse.
לְנָשִׁ֑יםas wivesprep + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Prepositional phraseאִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וַאֲנַ֨חְנוּ֙and weconj וְ + pron 1cp · אֲנַחְנוּ (H587)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנַחְנוּ (H587) 'we'; independent pronoun, emphatic subject of the rhetorical question about going up.
נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּwe have swornNiphal perf 1cp · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָבַע (H7650) 'to swear (an oath)', reflexive-passive in Niphal, causative 'to adjure' in Hiphil; both stems reflect oath-making by sevenfold pledge (cf. the numeral root).
בַֽיהוָ֔הagainst YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
לְבִלְתִּ֛יso as not toprep + conj וְ · בִּלְתִּי (H1115)Prepositional phraseבִּלְתִּי (H1115) 'not, so as not to'; with לְ governs אֲכֹל, 'firm not to eat.' Source id 05G5x.
תֵּתto giveQal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
לָהֶ֥םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
מִבְּנוֹתֵ֖ינוּdaughter ofprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 1cp · בַּת (H1323)Prepositional phraseבַּת (H1323) daughter
לְנָשִֽׁיםas wivesprep + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Prepositional phraseאִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
8

וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מִ֗י אֶחָד֙ מִשִּׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא עָלָ֥ה אֶל יְהוָ֖ה הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וְ֠הִנֵּה לֹ֣א בָא אִ֧ישׁ אֶל הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה מִיָּבֵ֥ישׁ גִּלְעָ֖ד אֶל הַקָּהָֽל

And they said, Which one of the tribes of Israel did not go up to YHWH at Mizpah? And behold, no man had come to the camp from Jabesh-gilead to the assembly.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
מִ֗יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Interrogative particleמִי (H4310) 'who?'; opens a rhetorical formula ('who is the man who...') used repeatedly (vv.5-8) to enumerate exemption categories.
אֶחָד֙oneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
מִשִּׁבְטֵ֣יfrom the tribes ofprep + N com m pl constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Prepositional phraseשֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֲשֶׁ֛רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
עָלָ֥הgo upQal perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
הַמִּצְפָּ֑הMizpahart + N proper · מִצְפָּה (H4709)Proper namePlace name 'watchpost'; second memorial designation.
וְ֠הִנֵּהand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Coordinating conjunctionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
בָאcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935).
אִ֧ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛הthe campart + N com c sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'.
מִיָּבֵ֥ישׁJabesh-gileadprep + N proper · H3003Proper nameH3003 'Jabesh-gilead'.
גִּלְעָ֖דGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַקָּהָֽלthe assemblyart + N com m sg abs · קָהָל (H6951)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָהָל (H6951) 'assembly, congregation'.
9

וַיִּתְפָּקֵ֖ד הָעָ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵֽין שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ מִיּוֹשְׁבֵ֖י יָבֵ֥שׁ גִּלְעָֽד

And the people were mustered, and behold, there was no man there of the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'their mustered (men)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיִּתְפָּקֵ֖דtheir mustered (men)conj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּקַד (H6485) Qal passive participle plural construct + 3mp suffix, 'their mustered/numbered ones.'
הָעָ֑םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
וְהִנֵּ֤הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Coordinating conjunctionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
אֵֽיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Negative particleאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
שָׁם֙thereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
אִ֔ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
מִיּוֹשְׁבֵ֖יthe inhabitants ofprep + Qal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
יָבֵ֥שׁJabesh-gileadN proper · H3003Proper nameH3003 'Jabesh-gilead'.
גִּלְעָֽדGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
10

וַיִּשְׁלְחוּ שָׁ֣ם הָעֵדָ֗ה שְׁנֵים עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ מִבְּנֵ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל וַיְצַוּ֨וּ אוֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר לְ֠כוּ וְהִכִּיתֶ֞ם אֶת יוֹשְׁבֵ֨י יָבֵ֤שׁ גִּלְעָד֙ לְפִי חֶ֔רֶב וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַטָּֽף

And the congregation sent there twelve thousand men of the sons of valor and commanded them, saying, Go and strike the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead with the edge of the sword, and the women and the little ones.

Jabesh-gilead put to the sword
A second massacre supplies four hundred virgins: the congregation's compassion funds another ḥerem.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיִּשְׁלְחוּand they sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the entire release-formula ('let my people go').
שָׁ֣םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
הָעֵדָ֗הthe congregationart + N com f sg abs · עֵדָה (H5712)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵדָה (H5712) 'congregation'.
שְׁנֵיםtwoAdj c det · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two', dual form of a root meaning 'to repeat, double'; counts the peace-offering oxen.
עָשָׂ֥ר-teenAdj c · עָשָׂר (H6240)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׂר (H6240), the teens-forming element '-teen'; combines with a units numeral (e.g. עַשְׁתֵּי or שְׁנֵים) to form 'eleven', 'twelve', etc.
אֶ֛לֶףthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
אִ֖ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
מִבְּנֵ֣יfrom the sons ofprep + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Prepositional phraseבֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
הֶחָ֑יִלvalorart + N com m sg abs · חַיִל (H2428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַיִל (H2428).
וַיְצַוּ֨וּthey sent wordconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצִוָּה (H6680) Piel 'to command'.
אוֹתָ֜םthemobj marker + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
לֵאמֹ֗רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
לְ֠כוּgoQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212).
וְהִכִּיתֶ֞םand you strike themconj וְ + Hiphil perf 2mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יוֹשְׁבֵ֨יthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
יָבֵ֤שׁJabesh-gileadN proper · H3003Proper nameH3003 'Jabesh-gilead'.
גִּלְעָד֙GileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
לְפִיwith the edge ofprep + N com m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Prepositional phraseפֶּה (H6310), see v.28.
חֶ֔רֶבthe swordN com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719), see v.11.
וְהַנָּשִׁ֖יםand the womenconj וְ + art + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וְהַטָּֽףand the childrenconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · טַף (H2945)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טַף (H2945) 'little ones, children'; collective noun for the youngest, most vulnerable members of the community, here fronted as the topic of the sentence.
11

וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ כָּל זָכָ֗ר וְכָל אִשָּׁ֛ה יֹדַ֥עַת מִשְׁכַּב זָכָ֖ר תַּחֲרִֽימוּ

And this is the thing that you shall do: every male, and every woman who has known lying with a male, you shall devote to destruction.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְזֶ֥הand thisconj וְ + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
הַדָּבָ֖רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing'; the Decalogue text (cf. עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, v.28), the covenant stipulations.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
תַּעֲשׂ֑וּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
זָכָ֗רmaleAdj · זָכָר (H2145)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָכָר (H2145) 'male'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אִשָּׁ֛הa womanN com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
יֹדַ֥עַתyou knowQal ptc fs · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actor'to know'; Niphal (v.3) 'to make oneself known'; Qal (v.7) 'to know' experientially through the exodus.
מִשְׁכַּבlying withN com m sg constr · מִשְׁכָּב (H4904)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁכָּב (H4904); see v. 17.
זָכָ֖רmaleAdj · זָכָר (H2145)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָכָר (H2145) 'male'.
תַּחֲרִֽימוּyou covet (take as devoted)Hiphil impf 2mp · חָרַם (H2763)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַם (H2763), see v.1.
12

וַֽיִּמְצְא֞וּ מִיּוֹשְׁבֵ֣י יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֗ד אַרְבַּ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ נַעֲרָ֣ה בְתוּלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא יָדְעָ֛ה אִ֖ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר וַיָּבִ֨יאוּ אוֹתָ֤ם אֶל הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן

And they found of the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead four hundred young women, virgins, who had not known a man as to lying with a male, and they brought them to the camp at Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they found'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַֽיִּמְצְא֞וּand they foundconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceTo find, discover, encounter.
מִיּוֹשְׁבֵ֣יthe inhabitants ofprep + Qal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
יָבֵ֣ישׁJabesh-gileadN proper · H3003Proper nameH3003 'Jabesh-gilead'.
גִּלְעָ֗דGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
אַרְבַּ֤עfourAdj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
מֵאוֹת֙hundredAdj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
נַעֲרָ֣הa girlN com f sg abs · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291); full qere spelling completing the ketiv/qere pair.
בְתוּלָ֔הa virginN com f sg abs · בְּתוּלָה (H1330)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּתוּלָה (H1330) 'virgin'; in construct, 'a virgin of Israel' — her status as a wronged, previously-chaste Israelite daughter is emphasized.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יָדְעָ֛הhad known herQal perf 3fs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed act'to know'; Niphal (v.3) 'to make oneself known'; Qal (v.7) 'to know' experientially through the exodus.
אִ֖ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
לְמִשְׁכַּ֣בto (his) bedprep + N com m sg constr · מִשְׁכָּב (H4904)Prepositional phraseמִשְׁכָּב (H4904); see v. 17.
זָכָ֑רmaleAdj · זָכָר (H2145)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָכָר (H2145) 'male'.
וַיָּבִ֨יאוּand they broughtconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
אוֹתָ֤םthemobj marker + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙the campart + N com c sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'.
שִׁלֹ֔הat ShilohN proper · שִׁלֹה (H7887)Proper nameשִׁלֹה (H7887) 'Shiloh', a hill-country site in Ephraim's territory; becomes the tent-shrine's first fixed home in the land — later Eli's sanctuary (1 Sam 1-4) and the object of Jeremiah's warning after its ruin (Jer 7:12-14).
אֲשֶׁ֖רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בְּאֶ֥רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phraseאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
כְּנָֽעַןCanaanN proper · כְּנַעַן (H3667)Proper nameכְּנַעַן (H3667); the promised land, object of the long journey now to be viewed but not entered by Moses.
13

וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ כָּל הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ֙ אֶל בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּסֶ֣לַע רִמּ֑וֹן וַיִּקְרְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם שָׁלֽוֹם

And the whole congregation sent and spoke to the sons of Benjamin who were at the rock of Rimmon, and they proclaimed peace to them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they sent'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙and they sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the entire release-formula ('let my people go').
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
הָ֣עֵדָ֔הthe congregationart + N com f sg abs · עֵדָה (H5712)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵדָה (H5712) 'congregation'.
וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ֙and they spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֔ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
אֲשֶׁ֖רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בְּסֶ֣לַעin the rockprep + N com m sg constr · סֶלַע (H5553)Prepositional phraseסֶלַע (H5553) 'rock, crag, cliff'; the idealized image of honey flowing from bare rock, emphasizing the land's supernatural abundance. source id 05iiM.
רִמּ֑וֹןRimmonN proper · רִמּוֹן (H7417)Proper nameרִמּוֹן 'pomegranate'; see note at עַיִן — later combined with it as the single town En-rimmon; tentatively located at Khirbet er-Ramamin near Tel Halif.
וַיִּקְרְא֥וּand they calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon'.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
שָׁלֽוֹםpeaceN com m sg abs · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace, wellbeing'; the offer of peaceful passage/treaty, per the law of siege in Deut 20.
14

וַיָּ֤שָׁב בִּנְיָמִן֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ הַנָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חִיּ֔וּ מִנְּשֵׁ֖י יָבֵ֣שׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד וְלֹֽא מָצְא֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן

And Benjamin returned at that time, and they gave them the women who had been kept alive of the women of Jabesh-gilead, and they did not find enough for them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he returned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיָּ֤שָׁבand he returnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725).
בִּנְיָמִן֙BenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
בָּעֵ֣תat the timeprep + art + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256) time, season
הַהִ֔יאthatart + pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
וַיִּתְּנ֤וּand they gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
הַנָּשִׁ֔יםthe womenart + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
חִיּ֔וּremained alivePiel perf 3cp · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָיָה (H2421) 'to live'; life in the land is made contingent on the community's commitment to justice, not ritual alone.
מִנְּשֵׁ֖יthe womanprep + N com f pl constr · אִשָּׁה (H802)Prepositional phraseאִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
יָבֵ֣שׁJabesh-gileadN proper · H3003Proper nameH3003 'Jabesh-gilead'.
גִּלְעָ֑דGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
מָצְא֥וּthey foundQal perf 3cp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actTo find, discover, encounter.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
כֵּֽןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; anaphoric adverb confirming that an action matches what was just commanded.
15

וְהָעָ֥ם נִחָ֖ם לְבִנְיָמִ֑ן כִּֽי עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה פֶּ֖רֶץ בְּשִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And the people had compassion on Benjamin, because YHWH had made a breach in the tribes of Israel.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and was comforted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְהָעָ֥םand the peopleconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
נִחָ֖םand was comfortedNiphal ptc ms · נָחַם (H5162)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָחַם (H5162) Hitpael 'be sorry, relent, have compassion'; the reflexive stem suggests a deep, self-moved change of disposition toward Israel. source id 056Xg.
לְבִנְיָמִ֑ןof Benjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
עָשָׂ֧הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
פֶּ֖רֶץa breachN com m sg abs · פֶּרֶץ (H6556)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּרֶץ (H6556) 'breach, breaking'; cognate accusative — the name given explains the act.
בְּשִׁבְטֵ֥יthe tribe ofprep + N com m pl constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Prepositional phraseשֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
16

וַיֹּֽאמְר֨וּ זִקְנֵ֣י הָעֵדָ֔ה מַה נַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לַנּוֹתָרִ֖ים לְנָשִׁ֑ים כִּֽי נִשְׁמְדָ֥ה מִבִּנְיָמִ֖ן אִשָּֽׁה

And the elders of the congregation said, What shall we do for those who remain, for wives, for the woman has been destroyed from Benjamin?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיֹּֽאמְר֨וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
זִקְנֵ֣יthe elders ofAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'elder'.
הָעֵדָ֔הthe congregationart + N com f sg abs · עֵדָה (H5712)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵדָה (H5712) 'congregation'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
נַּעֲשֶׂ֥הwe will doQal impf 1cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לַנּוֹתָרִ֖יםwho remainedprep + art + Niphal ptc mp · יָתַר (H3498)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָתַר (H3498) Hiphil 'to cause to abound, leave over in surplus'; the same root reappears grimly at v. 55's 'he has nothing left' under the curse.
לְנָשִׁ֑יםas wivesprep + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Prepositional phraseאִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
נִשְׁמְדָ֥הyour being destroyedNiphal perf 3fs · שָׁמַד (H8045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַד (H8045) 'to destroy, annihilate'; Hiphil infinitive construct, the ultimate charge of the people's accusation — that YHWH's entire exodus deliverance was, from the start, aimed at their annihilation. The verse closes on this word, leaving the accusation at its most extreme and unanswered until Moses' reply begins in v.29.
מִבִּנְיָמִ֖ןBenjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
אִשָּֽׁהa womanN com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
17

וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ יְרֻשַּׁ֥ת פְּלֵיטָ֖ה לְבִנְיָמִ֑ן וְלֹֽא יִמָּחֶ֥ה שֵׁ֖בֶט מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל

And they said, There is an inheritance of remnant for Benjamin, and a tribe shall not be blotted out from Israel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
יְרֻשַּׁ֥תas a possessionN com f sg constr · יְרֻשָּׁה (H3425)Construct chain (genitival)יְרֻשָּׁה (H3425) 'possession, inheritance', from יָרַשׁ 'to possess/inherit'; a key term of the chapter's territorial theology — each nation has its divinely granted יְרֻשָּׁה.
פְּלֵיטָ֖הthe escaped remnantN com f sg abs · פְּלֵיטָה (H6413)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלֵיטָה (H6413) 'escape, that which escapes/survives'; from פָּלַט 'to escape' — vegetation that survived the hail.
לְבִנְיָמִ֑ןof Benjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יִמָּחֶ֥הbe wiped outNiphal impf 3ms · מָחָה (H4229)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָחָה (H4229) Niphal (passive) 'to be wiped out, erased'; the same root recurs in v.19's command to erase Amalek's memory — here what must NOT be erased is an individual's name, there what MUST be erased is the enemy's. source id 05DF1.
שֵׁ֖בֶטthe tribe ofN com m sg abs · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽלfrom Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
18

וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּ לֹ֥א נוּכַ֛ל לָתֵת לָהֶ֥ם נָשִׁ֖ים מִבְּנוֹתֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ בְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָר֕וּר נֹתֵ֥ן אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבִנְיָמִֽן

But we cannot give them wives from our daughters, for the sons of Israel have sworn, saying, Cursed is he who gives a wife to Benjamin.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'we are able'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּand weconj וְ + pron 1cp · אֲנַחְנוּ (H587)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנַחְנוּ (H587) 'we'; independent pronoun, emphatic subject of the rhetorical question about going up.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
נוּכַ֛לwe are ableQal impf 1cp · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'to be able, prevail'; negated here, 'I am not able' — Moses' opening statement of insufficiency that motivates the judicial delegation.
לָתֵתto giveprep + Qal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
לָהֶ֥םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
נָשִׁ֖יםwivesN com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
מִבְּנוֹתֵ֑ינוּdaughter ofprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 1cp · בַּת (H1323)Prepositional phraseבַּת (H1323) daughter
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
נִשְׁבְּע֤וּthey sworeNiphal perf 3cp · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָבַע (H7650) 'to swear (an oath)', reflexive-passive in Niphal, causative 'to adjure' in Hiphil; both stems reflect oath-making by sevenfold pledge (cf. the numeral root).
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
אָר֕וּרcursedQal ptc ms · אָרוּר (H779)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַר (H779) Qal passive participle 'cursed'; the formulaic opening of each of the twelve curses, functioning performatively rather than descriptively.
נֹתֵ֥ןis givingQal ptc ms · נָתַן (H5414)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
אִשָּׁ֖הa womanN com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
לְבִנְיָמִֽןof Benjaminprep + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
19

וַיֹּאמְר֡וּ הִנֵּה֩ חַג יְהוָ֨ה בְּשִׁל֜וֹ מִיָּמִ֣ים יָמִ֗ימָה אֲשֶׁ֞ר מִצְּפ֤וֹנָה לְבֵֽית אֵל֙ מִזְרְחָ֣ה הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ לִמְסִלָּ֔ה הָעֹלָ֥ה מִבֵּֽית אֵ֖ל שְׁכֶ֑מָה וּמִנֶּ֖גֶב לִלְבוֹנָֽה

And they said, Behold, there is a feast of YHWH from year to year at Shiloh, which is north of Bethel, toward the sunrise of the highway that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֹּאמְר֡וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
הִנֵּה֩beholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
חַגthe feast ofN com m sg constr · חַג (H2282)Construct chain (genitival)חַג (H2282) 'feast, festival', from חָגַג 'to make a pilgrimage/celebrate'; opens the ritual calendar section (vv.18-26), a cultic 'decalogue' paralleling the ethical decalogue of ch.20.
יְהוָ֨הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
בְּשִׁל֜וֹat Shilohprep + N proper · שִׁלֹה (H7887)Proper nameשִׁלֹה (H7887) 'Shiloh', a hill-country site in Ephraim's territory; becomes the tent-shrine's first fixed home in the land — later Eli's sanctuary (1 Sam 1-4) and the object of Jeremiah's warning after its ruin (Jer 7:12-14).
מִיָּמִ֣יםfrom daysprep + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
יָמִ֗ימָהto days / year by yearN com m pl abs + Sd · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
אֲשֶׁ֞רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
מִצְּפ֤וֹנָהon the northprep + N com f sg abs + Sd · צָפוֹן (H6828)Prepositional phraseצָפוֹן (H6828) 'north'.
לְבֵֽיתtoward Beth-prep + N proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
אֵל֙-elN proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
מִזְרְחָ֣הeastwardN com m sg constr + Sd · מִזְרָח (H4217)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְרָח (H4217) 'east, sunrise'; with the directional suffix, 'toward/on the east side.' Source id 053it.
הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121), see v.12.
לִמְסִלָּ֔הfrom their coursesprep + N com f sg abs · מְסִלָּה (H4546)Prepositional phraseמְסִלָּה (H4546) 'highway, course'; the stars fight 'from their tracks' — they do not leave the sky, yet they fight.
הָעֹלָ֥הthat risesart + Qal ptc fs · עָלָה (H5927)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
מִבֵּֽיתfrom Bethelprep + N proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
אֵ֖ל-elN proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Proper nameבֵּית אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel,' lit. 'house of God'; a major cultic site in central Canaan; the name consists of two words (בֵּית + אֵל); it becomes Abram's second altar site.
שְׁכֶ֑מָהto ShechemN proper + Sd · שְׁכֶם (H7927)Proper nameשְׁכֶם (H7927) 'Shechem'; a major cultic and political centre in central Canaan at the foot of Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal; becomes a site of covenant significance (Gen 33:18; Josh 24); name means 'ridge, shoulder.'
וּמִנֶּ֖גֶבsouthwardconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · נֶגֶב (H5045)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶגֶב (H5045) 'south, dry region'; the arid southern region of Canaan, another terrain-type completing the sweep.
לִלְבוֹנָֽהtoprep + N proper · H3829Proper nameH3829 'to'.
20

ויצו וַיְצַוּ֕וּ אֶת בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר לְכ֖וּ וַאֲרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּכְּרָמִֽים

And they commanded the sons of Benjamin, saying, Go and lie in wait in the vineyards,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he commanded'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ויצוand he commandedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצִוָּה (H6680) Piel 'to command'.
וַיְצַוּ֕וּthey sent wordconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצִוָּה (H6680) Piel 'to command'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֖ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
לְכ֖וּgoQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212).
וַאֲרַבְתֶּ֥םlying in ambushconj וְ + Qal perf 2mp · אָרַב (H693)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָרַב (H693) 'to lie in wait, ambush'; the decisive mark of premeditation, structurally opposite to the accidental encounter of v. 5.
בַּכְּרָמִֽיםa vineyardprep + art + N com c pl abs · כֶּרֶם (H3754)Prepositional phraseכֶּרֶם (H3754) 'vineyard'.
21

וּרְאִיתֶ֗ם וְ֠הִנֵּה אִם יֵ֨צְא֥וּ בְנוֹת שִׁילוֹ֮ לָח֣וּל בַּמְּחֹלוֹת֒ וִֽיצָאתֶם֙ מִן הַכְּרָמִ֔ים וַחֲטַפְתֶּ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם אִ֥ישׁ אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מִבְּנ֣וֹת שִׁיל֑וֹ וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֖ם אֶ֥רֶץ בִּנְיָמִֽן

and watch; and behold, if the daughters of Shiloh come out to dance in the dances, then you shall come out from the vineyards and seize for yourselves, each man his wife, from the daughters of Shiloh, and you shall go to the land of Benjamin.

Seize the dancers of Shiloh
The feast of YHWH becomes an ambush; wives are taken from the dances so the oath is technically kept.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וּרְאִיתֶ֗םand you will seeconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationרָאָה (H7200).
וְ֠הִנֵּהand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Coordinating conjunctionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
יֵ֨צְא֥וּwent outQal impf 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
בְנוֹתdaughtersN com f pl constr · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) daughter
שִׁילוֹ֮at ShilohN proper · שִׁלֹה (H7887)Proper nameשִׁלֹה (H7887) 'Shiloh', a hill-country site in Ephraim's territory; becomes the tent-shrine's first fixed home in the land — later Eli's sanctuary (1 Sam 1-4) and the object of Jeremiah's warning after its ruin (Jer 7:12-14).
לָח֣וּלand be in anguishprep + Qal inf constr · חוּל (H2342)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחוּל (H2342) 'to writhe, be in anguish' (like labor pains); intensifies רָגַז, vivid imagery of terror.
בַּמְּחֹלוֹת֒and dancing.prep + art + N com f pl abs · מְחֹלָה (H4246)Prepositional phraseמְחֹלָה (H4246) 'dance, dancing (in a circle/round)'; completes the picture of festive, embodied worship — music, procession, and dance combined.
וִֽיצָאתֶם֙and he went outconj וְ + Qal perf 2mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הַכְּרָמִ֔יםthe vineyardsart + N com c pl abs · כֶּרֶם (H3754)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּרֶם (H3754) 'vineyard'.
וַחֲטַפְתֶּ֥םandconj וְ + Qal perf 2mp · H2414Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actH2414 'and'.
לָכֶ֛םto youprep + sfx 2mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to you'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אִשְׁתּ֖וֹhis wifeN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
מִבְּנ֣וֹתfrom daughters ofprep + N com f pl constr · בַּת (H1323)Prepositional phraseבַּת (H1323) daughter
שִׁיל֑וֹat ShilohN proper · שִׁלֹה (H7887)Proper nameשִׁלֹה (H7887) 'Shiloh', a hill-country site in Ephraim's territory; becomes the tent-shrine's first fixed home in the land — later Eli's sanctuary (1 Sam 1-4) and the object of Jeremiah's warning after its ruin (Jer 7:12-14).
וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֖םand you will goconj וְ + Qal perf 2mp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to go, walk'; the articular participle functions as a relative clause, 'the one who goes/is going before you' — a title recalling YHWH's guiding presence (cf. v.33; Exod 13:21).
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
בִּנְיָמִֽןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
22

וְהָיָ֡ה כִּֽי יָבֹ֣אוּ אֲבוֹתָם֩ א֨וֹ אֲחֵיהֶ֜ם לרוב לָרִ֣יב אֵלֵ֗ינוּ וְאָמַ֤רְנוּ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ חָנּ֣וּנוּ אוֹתָ֔ם כִּ֣י לֹ֥א לָקַ֛חְנוּ אִ֥ישׁ אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה כִּ֣י לֹ֥א אַתֶּ֛ם נְתַתֶּ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם כָּעֵ֥ת תֶּאְשָֽׁמוּ

And it shall be, when their fathers or their brothers come to contend with us, that we will say to them, Be gracious to them, for we did not take each man his wife in the war, for you did not give them to them; at this time you would be guilty.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and it shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
וְהָיָ֡הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
יָבֹ֣אוּshall go inQal impf 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935).
אֲבוֹתָם֩their fathersN com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
א֨וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Coordinating conjunctionאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
אֲחֵיהֶ֜םtheir brothersN com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
לרובand quarreledprep + Qal inf constr · רִיב (H7378)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרִיב (H7378) 'to strive, contend, dispute at law'; the same root behind Meribah's name; pictures a legal contention — YHWH's severe testing of Levi's loyalty. [source id 05yuT]
לָרִ֣יבand quarreledprep + Qal inf constr · רִיב (H7378)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרִיב (H7378) 'to strive, contend, dispute at law'; the same root behind Meribah's name; pictures a legal contention — YHWH's severe testing of Levi's loyalty. [source id 05yuT]
אֵלֵ֗ינוּto usprep + sfx 1cp · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
וְאָמַ֤רְנוּand we will sayconj וְ + Qal perf 1cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559).
אֲלֵיהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mp · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
חָנּ֣וּנוּpity meQal impv 2mp + sfx 1cp · חָנַן (H2603)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָנַן (H2603) 'to be gracious, show favor, pity'; negated, completing the merism of utter mercilessness toward old and young alike.
אוֹתָ֔םthemobj marker + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
לָקַ֛חְנוּwe tookQal perf 1cp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אִשְׁתּ֖וֹhis wifeN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑הin the battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Prepositional phraseמִלְחָמָה (H4421); see v. 14.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
אַתֶּ֛םyoupron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
נְתַתֶּ֥םis givingQal perf 2mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
כָּעֵ֥תat the time ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256) time, season
תֶּאְשָֽׁמוּthen he is guiltyQal impf 2mp · אָשֵׁם (H816)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָשֵׁם (H816) 'to be guilty, incur liability'; not a feeling of guilt but an objective legal standing before God. The verse's whole argument turns on this word: the matter was hidden from their eyes, and they are guilty all the same. Corporate ignorance is not corporate innocence.
23

וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ כֵן֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ נָשִׁים֙ לְמִסְפָּרָ֔ם מִן הַמְּחֹלְל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר גָּזָ֑לוּ וַיֵּלְכ֗וּ וַיָּשׁ֨וּבוּ֙ אֶל נַ֣חֲלָתָ֔ם וַיִּבְנוּ֙ אֶת הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶֽם

And the sons of Benjamin did so, and they carried off wives according to their number from the dancers whom they abducted, and they went and returned to their inheritance and built the cities and lived in them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּand they didconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
כֵן֙soart · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; anaphoric adverb confirming that an action matches what was just commanded.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בִנְיָמִ֔ןBenjaminN proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Proper nameבִּנְיָמִן (H1144), son of Rachel; closes the six blessing-tribes — Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, Benjamin, together the Leah/Rachel sons stationed on Gerizim.
וַיִּשְׂא֤וּand they lifted upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry, bear'.
נָשִׁים֙wivesN com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
לְמִסְפָּרָ֔םby the number ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Prepositional phraseמִסְפָּר (H4557) 'number'; heads the itemized roll.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הַמְּחֹלְל֖וֹתand be in anguishart + Polel ptc fp · חוּל (H2342)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחוּל (H2342) 'to writhe, be in anguish' (like labor pains); intensifies רָגַז, vivid imagery of terror.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
גָּזָ֑לוּhad seizedQal perf 3cp · גָּזַל (H1497)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּזַל (H1497) Qal passive participle 'robbed, plundered'; paired with עָשׁוּק for total exploitation by predatory neighbors.
וַיֵּלְכ֗וּand they wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
וַיָּשׁ֨וּבוּ֙and he returnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
נַ֣חֲלָתָ֔םtheir inheritanceN com f sg constr + sfx 3mp · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Construct chain (genitival)נַחֲלָה (H5159).
וַיִּבְנוּ֙and they builtconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בָּנָה (H1129)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּנָה (H1129) 'to build'; here of altar construction, opening the seven-altars ritual pattern repeated three times in this chapter.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הֶ֣עָרִ֔יםthe citiesart + N com f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּand settledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
בָּהֶֽםin themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'in them'.
24

וַיִּתְהַלְּכ֨וּ מִשָּׁ֤ם בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא אִ֥ישׁ לְשִׁבְט֖וֹ וּלְמִשְׁפַּחְתּ֑וֹ וַיֵּצְא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ לְנַחֲלָתֽוֹ

And the sons of Israel went from there at that time, each man to his tribe and to his clan, and they went out from there, each man to his inheritance.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and walk through'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּתְהַלְּכ֨וּand walk throughconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3mp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to go, walk'; the articular participle functions as a relative clause, 'the one who goes/is going before you' — a title recalling YHWH's guiding presence (cf. v.33; Exod 13:21).
מִשָּׁ֤םfrom thereprep + art · שָׁם (H8033)Prepositional phraseשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
בָּעֵ֣תat the timeprep + art + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256) time, season
הַהִ֔יאthatart + sfx 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Particle or relational elementהוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
אִ֥ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
לְשִׁבְט֖וֹthe tribe ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Prepositional phraseשֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'.
וּלְמִשְׁפַּחְתּ֑וֹthe clan ofconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940); recurring formula-word marking each clan subdivision.
וַיֵּצְא֣וּand they went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
מִשָּׁ֔םfrom thereprep + art · שָׁם (H8033)Prepositional phraseשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
אִ֖ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
לְנַחֲלָתֽוֹto his inheritanceprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Prepositional phraseנַחֲלָה (H5159).
25

בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִ֛ישׁ הַיָּשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָ֖יו יַעֲשֶֽׂה

In those days there was no king in Israel; each man did what was right in his own eyes.

The book's last lineasyndeton
No king; each man did what was right in his own eyes — the refrain that framed 17–21 now closes Judges.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בַּיָּמִ֣יםin the daysprep + art + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הָהֵ֔םthoseart + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵם (H1992), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Negative particleאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מֶ֖לֶךְking ofN com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king'.
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אִ֛ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
הַיָּשָׁ֥רrightart + Adj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'right, straight, upright'; the phrase 'each man doing what is right in his own eyes' echoes the closing refrain of Judges (17:6; 21:25), condemning subjective, decentralized religion. Source id 05k7i.
בְּעֵינָ֖יוin his eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 3ms · עַיִן (H5869)Prepositional phraseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'.
יַעֲשֶֽׂהhe shall doQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.