Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Judges, Chapter 14שפטים 14

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Judges 14 is Samson's Timnite marriage as YHWH's occasion: a lion torn, honey from the eater, a riddle plowed out of him by his wife, and thirty Ashkelonites dead for a change of clothes.

Translation & textual notes

Timnah (v.1) is on the Philistine border. The riddle (v.14) depends on knowledge only Samson has; 'plow with my heifer' (v.18) is the proverb of the leak. Seventh-day timing in vv.15, 17–18 is slightly crowded in the MT. Versification follows the MT.

1

וַיֵּ֥רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה בְּתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֥וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים

And Samson went down to Timnah and saw a woman in Timnah, of the daughters of the Philistines.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and went down'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיֵּ֥רֶדand went downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'to go down'; Hiphil causative, 'to bring down' — the fruit is carried down from the hill country to Moses and the people at the camp.
שִׁמְשׁ֖וֹןSamsonN proper · H8123Proper nameH8123 'Samson'.
תִּמְנָ֑תָהto TimnahN proper + Sd · תִּמְנָה (H8553)Proper nameתִּמְנָה (H8553), a town in the Shephelah; the sheepshearing site where Tamar intercepts Judah.
וַיַּ֥רְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200).
אִשָּׁ֛הa womanN com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
בְּתִמְנָ֖תָהto Timnahprep + N proper + Sd · תִּמְנָה (H8553)Proper nameתִּמְנָה (H8553), a town in the Shephelah; the sheepshearing site where Tamar intercepts Judah.
מִבְּנ֥וֹתfrom daughters ofprep + N com f pl constr · בַּת (H1323)Prepositional phraseבַּת (H1323) daughter
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽיםthe PhilistinesN gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430), gentilic of פְּלֶשֶׁת; the short Mediterranean coastal road (later 'Via Maris'), avoided precisely because it was the most direct and most militarily exposed route.
2

וַיַּ֗עַל וַיַּגֵּד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִשָּׁ֛ה רָאִ֥יתִי בְתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְעַתָּ֕ה קְחוּ אוֹתָ֥הּ לִּ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה

And he went up and told his father and his mother and said, I have seen a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines; and now, take her for me as a wife.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went up'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיַּ֗עַלand he went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
וַיַּגֵּד֙and it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לְאָבִ֣יוto his fatherprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Prepositional phraseאָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
וּלְאִמּ֔וֹand of his motherconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'mother'.
וַיֹּ֗אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
אִשָּׁ֛הa womanN com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
רָאִ֥יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200).
בְתִמְנָ֖תָהto Timnahprep + N proper + Sd · תִּמְנָה (H8553)Proper nameתִּמְנָה (H8553), a town in the Shephelah; the sheepshearing site where Tamar intercepts Judah.
מִבְּנ֣וֹתfrom daughters ofprep + N com f pl constr · בַּת (H1323)Prepositional phraseבַּת (H1323) daughter
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםthe PhilistinesN gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430), gentilic of פְּלֶשֶׁת; the short Mediterranean coastal road (later 'Via Maris'), avoided precisely because it was the most direct and most militarily exposed route.
וְעַתָּ֕הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Coordinating conjunctionעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
קְחוּtakeQal impv 2mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
אוֹתָ֥הּitobj marker + sfx 3fs · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
לִּ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to me'.
לְאִשָּֽׁהas a wifeprep + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Prepositional phraseאִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
3

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ הַאֵין֩ בִּבְנ֨וֹת אַחֶ֤יךָ וּבְכָל עַמִּי֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי אַתָּ֤ה הוֹלֵךְ֙ לָקַ֣חַת אִשָּׁ֔ה מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים הָעֲרֵלִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שִׁמְשׁ֤וֹן אֶל אָבִיו֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ קַֽח לִ֔י כִּֽי הִ֖יא יָשְׁרָ֥ה בְעֵינָֽי

And his father and his mother said to him, Is there not a woman among the daughters of your brothers and among all my people, that you are going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines? And Samson said to his father, Take her for me, for she is right in my eyes.

Uncircumcised Philistines vs. she is right in my eyes
The parents raise the Deuteronomic objection; Samson answers with יָשְׁרָה בְעֵינָי — the book's closing formula already in a young man's mouth.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
ל֜וֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
אָבִ֣יוhis fatherN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
וְאִמּ֗וֹor his motherconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'mother'.
הַאֵין֩there is notinterrog. + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Negative particleאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
בִּבְנ֨וֹתdaughters ofprep + N com f pl constr · בַּת (H1323)Prepositional phraseבַּת (H1323) daughter
אַחֶ֤יךָyour brotherN com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251), see v. 2.
וּבְכָלand with allconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
עַמִּי֙my peopleN com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
אִשָּׁ֔הa womanN com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
אַתָּ֤הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
הוֹלֵךְ֙walkingQal ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to go, walk'; the articular participle functions as a relative clause, 'the one who goes/is going before you' — a title recalling YHWH's guiding presence (cf. v.33; Exod 13:21).
לָקַ֣חַתto takeprep + Qal inf constr · לָקַח (H3947)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
אִשָּׁ֔הa womanN com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe Philistinesprep + N gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Prepositional phraseפְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430), gentilic of פְּלֶשֶׁת; the short Mediterranean coastal road (later 'Via Maris'), avoided precisely because it was the most direct and most militarily exposed route.
הָעֲרֵלִ֑יםam uncircumcised ofart + Adj · עָרֵל (H6189)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)'uncircumcised'; figurative of lips/speech, i.e. unfit, deficient.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
שִׁמְשׁ֤וֹןSamsonN proper · H8123Proper nameH8123 'Samson'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
אָבִיו֙his fatherN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
אוֹתָ֣הּitobj marker + sfx 3fs · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
קַֽחtakeQal impv 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
לִ֔יto meprep + sfx 1csPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to me'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
הִ֖יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
יָשְׁרָ֥הit will be right/pleasingQal perf 3fs · יָשַׁר (H3474)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָשַׁר (H3474) 'to be straight, right, pleasing'; idiom 'right in the eyes of' = pleasing/agreeable to.
בְעֵינָֽיin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr + sfx 1cs · עַיִן (H5869)Prepositional phraseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'.
4

וְאָבִ֨יו וְאִמּ֜וֹ לֹ֣א יָדְע֗וּ כִּ֤י מֵיְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא כִּי תֹאֲנָ֥ה הֽוּא מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים מֹשְׁלִ֥ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And his father and his mother did not know that it was from YHWH, for he was seeking an occasion from the Philistines. And at that time the Philistines were ruling in Israel.

It was from YHWH: an occasion against Philistia
The narrator overrules the parents: the marriage is YHWH's תֹּאֲנָה, an occasion, because Philistines are ruling.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְאָבִ֨יוbut his fatherconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
וְאִמּ֜וֹor his motherconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'mother'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יָדְע֗וּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed act'to know'; Niphal (v.3) 'to make oneself known'; Qal (v.7) 'to know' experientially through the exodus.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
מֵיְהוָה֙from YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
הִ֔יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
תֹאֲנָ֥הoccasionN com f sg abs · תַּאֲנָה (H8385)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּאֲנָה (H8385) 'occasion'.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
מְבַקֵּ֖שׁseekingPiel ptc ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) Piel 'to seek, seek to'; here of intent/attempt — the crime lies in the seeking itself, whether or not the seduction ultimately succeeded.
מִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםthe Philistinesprep + N gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Prepositional phraseפְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430), gentilic of פְּלֶשֶׁת; the short Mediterranean coastal road (later 'Via Maris'), avoided precisely because it was the most direct and most militarily exposed route.
וּבָעֵ֣תat the timeconj וְ + prep + art + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) time, season
הַהִ֔יאthatart + pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe PhilistinesN gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430), gentilic of פְּלֶשֶׁת; the short Mediterranean coastal road (later 'Via Maris'), avoided precisely because it was the most direct and most militarily exposed route.
מֹשְׁלִ֥יםrulingQal ptc mp · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'to rule, have dominion'; parallels וְהַעֲבַטְתָּ, pairing economic and political supremacy as marks of blessing.
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽלin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
5

וַיֵּ֧רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹן וְאָבִ֥יו וְאִמּ֖וֹ תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ עַד כַּרְמֵ֣י תִמְנָ֔תָה וְהִנֵּה֙ כְּפִ֣יר אֲרָי֔וֹת שֹׁאֵ֖ג לִקְרָאתֽוֹ

And Samson went down, and his father and his mother, to Timnah, and they came as far as the vineyards of Timnah, and behold, a young lion of lions roaring to meet him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and went down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיֵּ֧רֶדand went downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'to go down'; Hiphil causative, 'to bring down' — the fruit is carried down from the hill country to Moses and the people at the camp.
שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹןSamsonN proper · H8123Proper nameH8123 'Samson'.
וְאָבִ֥יוbut his fatherconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
וְאִמּ֖וֹor his motherconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'mother'.
תִּמְנָ֑תָהto TimnahN proper + Sd · תִּמְנָה (H8553)Proper nameתִּמְנָה (H8553), a town in the Shephelah; the sheepshearing site where Tamar intercepts Judah.
וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙and they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
כַּרְמֵ֣יa vineyardN com c pl constr · כֶּרֶם (H3754)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּרֶם (H3754) 'vineyard'.
תִמְנָ֔תָהto TimnahN proper + Sd · תִּמְנָה (H8553)Proper nameתִּמְנָה (H8553), a town in the Shephelah; the sheepshearing site where Tamar intercepts Judah.
וְהִנֵּה֙and beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Coordinating conjunctionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
כְּפִ֣ירyoung lionN com m sg constr · כְּפִיר (H3715)Construct chain (genitival)כְּפִיר (H3715) 'young lion'.
אֲרָי֔וֹתa lionN com m pl abs · אַרְיֵה (H738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'lion'; completes the figure, 'lion's whelp' — vigor and latent ferocity. [source id 05MaM]
שֹׁאֵ֖גroarQal ptc ms · שָׁאַג (H7580)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁאַג (H7580) 'roar'.
לִקְרָאתֽוֹto meet himprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · קָרָא (H7125)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7125) 'to meet, encounter'; idiom לִקְרַאת, often of hostile confrontation, 'to meet you (in battle), against you.'
6

וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיְשַׁסְּעֵ֨הוּ֙ כְּשַׁסַּ֣ע הַגְּדִ֔י וּמְא֖וּמָה אֵ֣ין בְּיָד֑וֹ וְלֹ֤א הִגִּיד֙ לְאָבִ֣יו וּלְאִמּ֔וֹ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָֽׂה

And the Spirit of YHWH rushed upon him, and he tore it apart as one tears a kid, and there was nothing in his hand. And he did not tell his father and his mother what he had done.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'makes prosper'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַתִּצְלַ֨חmakes prosperconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · צָלַח (H6743)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָלַח (H6743) Hiphil 'to succeed, prosper'; negated, total futility in every course of action.
עָלָ֜יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
ר֣וּחַa spirit ofN com c sg constr · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit, wind, breath'; the inner disposition/will that YHWH hardened, paired with לֵבָב below.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
וַֽיְשַׁסְּעֵ֨הוּ֙and cleavingconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · שָׁסַע (H8156)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁסַע (H8156) 'to split, cleave'; near-synonym of פָּרַס, restated to specify the hoof is cloven into two parts (שֶׁסַע שְׁתֵּי פְרָסוֹת).
כְּשַׁסַּ֣עand cleavingprep + Piel inf constr · שָׁסַע (H8156)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁסַע (H8156) 'to split, cleave'; near-synonym of פָּרַס, restated to specify the hoof is cloven into two parts (שֶׁסַע שְׁתֵּי פְרָסוֹת).
הַגְּדִ֔יthe kidart + N com m sg abs · גְּדִי (H1423)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּדִי (H1423) 'kid, young goat'; the animal in question — precisely a young goat, though the principle was extended by later interpreters to all meat and dairy.
וּמְא֖וּמָהanythingconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מְאוּמָה (H3972)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְאוּמָה (H3972) 'anything, something'; with the negation, 'nothing whatsoever' — total exclusion of personal gain.
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Negative particleאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
בְּיָד֑וֹin his handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
וְלֹ֤אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
הִגִּיד֙toldHiphil perf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לְאָבִ֣יוto his fatherprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Prepositional phraseאָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
וּלְאִמּ֔וֹand of his motherconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'mother'.
אֵ֖ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
עָשָֽׂהhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
7

וַיֵּ֖רֶד וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר לָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתִּישַׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י שִׁמְשֽׁוֹן

And he went down and spoke to the woman, and she was right in Samson's eyes.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and went down'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיֵּ֖רֶדand went downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'to go down'; Hiphil causative, 'to bring down' — the fruit is carried down from the hill country to Moses and the people at the camp.
וַיְדַבֵּ֣רand he spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
לָאִשָּׁ֑הas a wifeprep + art + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Prepositional phraseאִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וַתִּישַׁ֖רit will be right/pleasingconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · יָשַׁר (H3474)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁר (H3474) 'to be straight, right, pleasing'; idiom 'right in the eyes of' = pleasing/agreeable to.
בְּעֵינֵ֥יin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Prepositional phraseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'.
שִׁמְשֽׁוֹןSamsonN proper · H8123Proper nameH8123 'Samson'.
8

וַיָּ֤שָׁב מִיָּמִים֙ לְקַחְתָּ֔הּ וַיָּ֣סַר לִרְא֔וֹת אֵ֖ת מַפֶּ֣לֶת הָאַרְיֵ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה עֲדַ֧ת דְּבוֹרִ֛ים בִּגְוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה וּדְבָֽשׁ

And he returned after some days to take her, and he turned aside to see the fallen carcass of the lion, and behold, a swarm of bees in the body of the lion, and honey.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he returned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיָּ֤שָׁבand he returnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725).
מִיָּמִים֙from daysprep + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
לְקַחְתָּ֔הּto take herprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
וַיָּ֣סַרthat he may removeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסוּר (H5493) 'to turn aside, depart'; the first step of the apostasy-sequence — deviation from the commanded way.
לִרְא֔וֹתto seeprep + Qal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200).
אֵ֖ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
מַפֶּ֣לֶתcarcassN com f sg constr · מַפֶּלֶת (H4658)Construct chain (genitival)מַפֶּלֶת (H4658) 'carcass'.
הָאַרְיֵ֑הa lionart + N com m sg abs · אַרְיֵה (H738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'lion'; completes the figure, 'lion's whelp' — vigor and latent ferocity. [source id 05MaM]
וְהִנֵּ֨הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Coordinating conjunctionהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
עֲדַ֧תthe congregation ofN com f sg constr · עֵדָה (H5712)Construct chain (genitival)עֵדָה (H5712) 'congregation'.
דְּבוֹרִ֛יםthe beesN com f pl abs · דְּבוֹרָה (H1682)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דְּבוֹרָה (H1682) 'bee'; the vivid, almost mocking simile of swarming, relentless, disproportionate harassment — bees pursue and sting in numbers regardless of any real threat, precisely capturing Israel's rout by a smaller force defending its own territory.
בִּגְוִיַּ֥תour bodiesprep + N com f sg constr · גְּוִיָּה (H1472)Prepositional phraseגְּוִיָּה (H1472) 'body, corpse'; from a root related to גֵּו 'back, body'; the people offer themselves as the last remaining asset; the term for body carries connotations of bodily vulnerability.
הָאַרְיֵ֖הa lionart + N com m sg abs · אַרְיֵה (H738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'lion'; completes the figure, 'lion's whelp' — vigor and latent ferocity. [source id 05MaM]
וּדְבָֽשׁand honeyconj וְ + N com m sg abs · דְּבַשׁ (H1706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דְּבַשׁ (H1706) 'honey'.
9

וַיִּרְדֵּ֣הוּ אֶל כַּפָּ֗יו וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וְאָכֹ֔ל וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ֙ אֶל אָבִ֣יו וְאֶל אִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם וַיֹּאכֵ֑לוּ וְלֹֽא הִגִּ֣יד לָהֶ֔ם כִּ֛י מִגְּוִיַּ֥ת הָאַרְיֵ֖ה רָדָ֥ה הַדְּבָֽשׁ

And he scraped it into his palms and went on, going and eating, and he went to his father and his mother and gave to them, and they ate, and he did not tell them that he had scraped the honey from the body of the lion.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and let them rule'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיִּרְדֵּ֣הוּand let them ruleconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · רָדָה (H7287)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָדָה (H7287) 'to rule, have dominion, tread down'; royal governance over creatures.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
כַּפָּ֗יוhis handsN com f du constr + sfx 3ms · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'palm (of the hand), pan', named from its cupped shape; holds the incense offering.
וַיֵּ֤לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
הָלוֹךְ֙goingQal inf abs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to go, walk'; the articular participle functions as a relative clause, 'the one who goes/is going before you' — a title recalling YHWH's guiding presence (cf. v.33; Exod 13:21).
וְאָכֹ֔לand it will eatconj וְ + Qal inf abs · אָכַל (H398)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ֙and he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
אָבִ֣יוhis fatherN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Coordinating conjunctionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
אִמּ֔וֹhis motherN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'mother'.
וַיִּתֵּ֥ןand he gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
וַיֹּאכֵ֑לוּand they ateconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
הִגִּ֣ידtoldHiphil perf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לָהֶ֔םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
מִגְּוִיַּ֥תour bodiesprep + N com f sg constr · גְּוִיָּה (H1472)Prepositional phraseגְּוִיָּה (H1472) 'body, corpse'; from a root related to גֵּו 'back, body'; the people offer themselves as the last remaining asset; the term for body carries connotations of bodily vulnerability.
הָאַרְיֵ֖הa lionart + N com m sg abs · אַרְיֵה (H738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'lion'; completes the figure, 'lion's whelp' — vigor and latent ferocity. [source id 05MaM]
רָדָ֥הand let them ruleQal perf 3ms · רָדָה (H7287)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָדָה (H7287) 'to rule, have dominion, tread down'; royal governance over creatures.
הַדְּבָֽשׁand honeyart + N com m sg abs · דְּבַשׁ (H1706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דְּבַשׁ (H1706) 'honey'.
10

וַיֵּ֥רֶד אָבִ֖יהוּ אֶל הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיַּ֨עַשׂ שָׁ֤ם שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יַעֲשׂ֖וּ הַבַּחוּרִֽים

And his father went down to the woman, and Samson made a feast there, for so the young men used to do.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and went down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיֵּ֥רֶדand went downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'to go down'; Hiphil causative, 'to bring down' — the fruit is carried down from the hill country to Moses and the people at the camp.
אָבִ֖יהוּhis fatherN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָאִשָּׁ֑הthe womanart + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וַיַּ֨עַשׂand he madeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
שָׁ֤םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה.
שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙SamsonN proper · H8123Proper nameH8123 'Samson'.
מִשְׁתֶּ֔הa feastN com m sg abs · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'feast, banquet, drinking'; from שָׁתָה 'to drink'; connotes a proper hospitality meal with drink, appropriate to honored guests.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
כֵּ֥ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; anaphoric adverb confirming that an action matches what was just commanded.
יַעֲשׂ֖וּthey shall makeQal impf 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
הַבַּחוּרִֽיםyoung manart + N com m pl abs · בָּחוּר (H970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּחוּר (H970) 'young man, choice man'; the vigorous prime of life, first victim category. source id 05XiL.
11

וַיְהִ֖י כִּרְאוֹתָ֣ם אוֹת֑וֹ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים מֵֽרֵעִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֖וּ אִתּֽוֹ

And when they saw him, they took thirty companions, and they were with him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיְהִ֖יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
כִּרְאוֹתָ֣םand he sawprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200).
אוֹת֑וֹhimobj marker + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
וַיִּקְחוּ֙and they tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםthirtyAdj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
מֵֽרֵעִ֔יםhis companionN com m pl abs · מֵרֵעַ (H4828)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵרֵעַ (H4828) 'companion, special friend'; a royal advisor or personal companion.
וַיִּהְי֖וּand they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
אִתּֽוֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phraseאֵת/אֶת (H854) 'with'; see v. 10.
12

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹן אָחֽוּדָה נָּ֥א לָכֶ֖ם חִידָ֑ה אִם הַגֵּ֣ד תַּגִּידוּ֩ אוֹתָ֨הּ לִ֜י שִׁבְעַ֨ת יְמֵ֤י הַמִּשְׁתֶּה֙ וּמְצָאתֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִפֹ֥ת בְּגָדִֽים

And Samson said to them, Let me please pose a riddle to you. If you can indeed tell it to me during the seven days of the feast and find it out, I will give you thirty linen garments and thirty changes of clothes.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
שִׁמְשׁ֔וֹןSamsonN proper · H8123Proper nameH8123 'Samson'.
אָחֽוּדָהpropound a riddleQal cohortative 1cs · חוּד (H2330)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalחוּד (H2330) 'propound a riddle'.
נָּ֥אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
לָכֶ֖םto youprep + sfx 2mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to you'.
חִידָ֑הin riddlesN com f sg abs · חִידָה (H2420)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִידָה (H2420) 'riddle, enigma, dark saying'; the ordinary prophetic vision could be cryptic/symbolic (cf. Ezekiel's visions), but Moses' revelation is plain, without need of interpretation.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
הַגֵּ֣דit was surelyHiphil inf abs · נָגַד (H5046)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
תַּגִּידוּ֩you tellHiphil impf 2mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
אוֹתָ֨הּitobj marker + sfx 3fs · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
לִ֜יto meprep + sfx 1csPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to me'.
שִׁבְעַ֨תsevenAdj c · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
יְמֵ֤יthe days ofN com m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַמִּשְׁתֶּה֙the feastart + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'feast, banquet, drinking'; from שָׁתָה 'to drink'; connotes a proper hospitality meal with drink, appropriate to honored guests.
וּמְצָאתֶ֔םI have foundconj וְ + Qal perf 2mp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actTo find, discover, encounter.
וְנָתַתִּ֤יand I will giveconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
לָכֶם֙to youprep + sfx 2mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to you'.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםthirtyAdj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
סְדִינִ֔יםlinen wrappersN com m pl abs · סָדִין (H5466)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָדִין (H5466) 'linen wrappers'.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖יםand thirtyconj וְ + Adj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
חֲלִפֹ֥תchanges ofN com f pl constr · חֲלִיפָה (H2487)Construct chain (genitival)חֲלִיפָה (H2487) 'change, replacement'; pl constr = 'changes of garments'; festival or honor garments.
בְּגָדִֽיםgarmentsN com m pl abs · בֶּגֶד (H899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'.
13

וְאִם לֹ֣א תוּכְלוּ֮ לְהַגִּ֣יד לִי֒ וּנְתַתֶּ֨ם אַתֶּ֥ם לִי֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים סְדִינִ֔ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים חֲלִיפ֣וֹת בְּגָדִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ ח֥וּדָה חִידָתְךָ֖ וְנִשְׁמָעֶֽנָּה

And if you cannot tell it to me, then you shall give me thirty linen garments and thirty changes of clothes. And they said to him, Pose your riddle, that we may hear it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you are able'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
תוּכְלוּ֮you are ableQal impf 2mp · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'to be able, prevail'; negated here, 'I am not able' — Moses' opening statement of insufficiency that motivates the judicial delegation.
לְהַגִּ֣ידto tellprep + Hiphil inf constr · נָגַד (H5046)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לִי֒to meprep + sfx 1csPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to me'.
וּנְתַתֶּ֨םthen you shall giveconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
אַתֶּ֥םyoupron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
לִי֙to meprep + sfx 1csPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to me'.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםthirtyAdj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
סְדִינִ֔יםlinen wrappersN com m pl abs · סָדִין (H5466)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָדִין (H5466) 'linen wrappers'.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖יםand thirtyconj וְ + Adj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
חֲלִיפ֣וֹתchanges ofN com f pl constr · חֲלִיפָה (H2487)Construct chain (genitival)חֲלִיפָה (H2487) 'change, replacement'; pl constr = 'changes of garments'; festival or honor garments.
בְּגָדִ֑יםgarmentsN com m pl abs · בֶּגֶד (H899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'.
וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
ל֔וֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
ח֥וּדָהpropound a riddleQal impv 2ms + Sh · חוּד (H2330)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחוּד (H2330) 'propound a riddle'.
חִידָתְךָ֖in riddlesN com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · חִידָה (H2420)Construct chain (genitival)חִידָה (H2420) 'riddle, enigma, dark saying'; the ordinary prophetic vision could be cryptic/symbolic (cf. Ezekiel's visions), but Moses' revelation is plain, without need of interpretation.
וְנִשְׁמָעֶֽנָּהand he heardconj וְ + Qal impf 1cp + sfx 3fs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modal'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
14

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם מֵהָֽאֹכֵל֙ יָצָ֣א מַאֲכָ֔ל וּמֵעַ֖ז יָצָ֣א מָת֑וֹק וְלֹ֥א יָכְל֛וּ לְהַגִּ֥יד הַחִידָ֖ה שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים

And he said to them, From the eater came forth food, and from the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not tell the riddle for three days.

The riddle
From eater, food; from strong, sweet — the lion and the honey, which only Samson knows.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לָהֶ֗םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
מֵהָֽאֹכֵל֙you shall eatprep + art + Qal ptc ms · אָכַל (H398)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
יָצָ֣אone going out (to)Qal perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
מַאֲכָ֔לfoodN com m sg abs · מַאֲכָל (H3978)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַאֲכָל (H3978) 'food'; 'tree of food' = fruit-bearing tree, the category protected in v.19.
וּמֵעַ֖זstrongconj וְ + prep + Adj · עַז (H5794)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַז (H5794) 'strong, fierce, bold'; עַז פָּנִים 'fierce/impudent of face,' the Hebrew idiom for shameless brazenness.
יָצָ֣אone going out (to)Qal perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
מָת֑וֹקsweetAdj · מָתוֹק (H4966)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָתוֹק (H4966) 'sweet'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יָכְל֛וּthey were ableQal perf 3cp · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָכֹל (H3201) 'to be able, prevail'; negated here, 'I am not able' — Moses' opening statement of insufficiency that motivates the judicial delegation.
לְהַגִּ֥ידto tellprep + Hiphil inf constr · נָגַד (H5046)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
הַחִידָ֖הin riddlesart + N com f sg abs · חִידָה (H2420)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִידָה (H2420) 'riddle, enigma, dark saying'; the ordinary prophetic vision could be cryptic/symbolic (cf. Ezekiel's visions), but Moses' revelation is plain, without need of interpretation.
שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁתthreeAdj c · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three'.
יָמִֽיםdaysN com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
15

וַיְהִ֣י בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ לְאֵֽשֶׁת שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙ פַּתִּ֣י אֶת אִישֵׁ֗ךְ וְיַגֶּד לָ֨נוּ֙ אֶת הַ֣חִידָ֔ה פֶּן נִשְׂרֹ֥ף אוֹתָ֛ךְ וְאֶת בֵּ֥ית אָבִ֖יךְ בָּאֵ֑שׁ הַלְיָרְשֵׁ֕נוּ קְרָאתֶ֥ם לָ֖נוּ הֲלֹֽא

And on the seventh day they said to Samson's wife, Entice your husband, that he may tell us the riddle, lest we burn you and your father's house with fire. Have you invited us here to impoverish us? Is it not so?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיְהִ֣יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗יthe seventhart + Adj · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh'.
וַיֹּאמְר֤וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לְאֵֽשֶׁתthe womanprep + N com f sg constr · אִשָּׁה (H802)Prepositional phraseאִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
שִׁמְשׁוֹן֙SamsonN proper · H8123Proper nameH8123 'Samson'.
פַּתִּ֣יbe deceivedPiel impv 2fs · פָּתָה (H6601)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּתָה (H6601) 'to be simple, be deceived, be enticed'; Qal here of the heart being seduced away from loyalty — the root also underlies 'simple/naive' (פֶּתִי), suggesting a heart lulled by prosperity (vv.14-15) into complacent apostasy.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אִישֵׁ֗ךְyour husbandN com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
וְיַגֶּדand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil jussive 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לָ֨נוּ֙to usprep + sfx 1cpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to us'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הַ֣חִידָ֔הin riddlesart + N com f sg abs · חִידָה (H2420)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִידָה (H2420) 'riddle, enigma, dark saying'; the ordinary prophetic vision could be cryptic/symbolic (cf. Ezekiel's visions), but Moses' revelation is plain, without need of interpretation.
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Coordinating conjunctionפֶּן (H6435); see v.5.
נִשְׂרֹ֥ףyou shall burnQal impf 1cp · שָׂרַף (H8313)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂרַף (H8313) 'to burn'; complete destruction by fire, the fate of the Asherim. Source id 05ZxC.
אוֹתָ֛ךְyouobj marker + sfx 2fs · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
אָבִ֖יךְyour fatherN com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
בָּאֵ֑שׁwith fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Prepositional phraseאֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
הַלְיָרְשֵׁ֕נוּto possess itart + prep + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to take possession of, inherit, dispossess'; frequently paired with בּוֹא in Deuteronomy's conquest formulas.
קְרָאתֶ֥םand he calledQal perf 2mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon'.
לָ֖נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to us'.
הֲלֹֽאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
16

וַתֵּבְךְּ֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹן עָלָ֗יו וַתֹּ֨אמֶר֙ רַק שְׂנֵאתַ֨נִי֙ וְלֹ֣א אֲהַבְתָּ֔נִי הַֽחִידָ֥ה חַ֨דְתָּ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י עַמִּ֔י וְלִ֖י לֹ֣א הִגַּ֑דְתָּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֗הּ הִנֵּ֨ה לְאָבִ֧י וּלְאִמִּ֛י לֹ֥א הִגַּ֖דְתִּי וְלָ֥ךְ אַגִּֽיד

And Samson's wife wept over him and said, You only hate me, and you do not love me. You have posed a riddle to the sons of my people, and you have not told it to me. And he said to her, Behold, I have not told it to my father or my mother, and shall I tell you?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she wept'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וַתֵּבְךְּ֩and she weptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; the people's belated emotional response to defeat, a grief that comes only after disobedience rather than as genuine repentance beforehand.
אֵ֨שֶׁתwife ofN com f sg constr · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
שִׁמְשׁ֜וֹןSamsonN proper · H8123Proper nameH8123 'Samson'.
עָלָ֗יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
וַתֹּ֨אמֶר֙and she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
רַקonlyparticle · רַק (H7535)Particle or relational elementרַק (H7535) restrictive particle 'only, surely'; narrows a preceding statement.
שְׂנֵאתַ֨נִי֙hatingQal perf 2ms + sfx 1cs · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'to hate'; stative perfect describing YHWH's fixed, unchanging revulsion toward these practices. Source id 05YRc.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
אֲהַבְתָּ֔נִיto loveQal perf 2ms + sfx 1cs · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָהַב (H157) 'to love'; third verb — covenant love, both dispositional and demonstrated in loyal action (cf. 6:5).
הַֽחִידָ֥הin riddlesart + N com f sg abs · חִידָה (H2420)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִידָה (H2420) 'riddle, enigma, dark saying'; the ordinary prophetic vision could be cryptic/symbolic (cf. Ezekiel's visions), but Moses' revelation is plain, without need of interpretation.
חַ֨דְתָּ֙propound a riddleQal perf 2ms · חוּד (H2330)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחוּד (H2330) 'propound a riddle'.
לִבְנֵ֣יof the sons ofprep + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Prepositional phraseבֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמִּ֔יmy peopleN com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
וְלִ֖יandconj וְ + prep + sfx 1csCoordinating conjunctionFunction word: 'and'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
הִגַּ֑דְתָּהand it was toldHiphil perf 2ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לָ֗הּto herprep + sfx 3fsPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to her'.
הִנֵּ֨הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
לְאָבִ֧יto the father ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָב (H1)Prepositional phraseאָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
וּלְאִמִּ֛יhis motherconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'mother'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
הִגַּ֖דְתִּיI declareHiphil perf 1cs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
וְלָ֥ךְand for youconj וְ + prep + sfx 2fsCoordinating conjunctionFunction word: 'and for you'.
אַגִּֽידand it was toldHiphil impf 1cs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
17

וַתֵּ֤בְךְּ עָלָיו֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת הַיָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֑ה וַיְהִ֣י בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַיַּגֶּד לָהּ֙ כִּ֣י הֱצִיקַ֔תְהוּ וַתַּגֵּ֥ד הַחִידָ֖ה לִבְנֵ֥י עַמָּֽהּ

And she wept over him the seven days that they had the feast, and on the seventh day he told her, because she pressed him; and she told the riddle to the sons of her people.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she wept'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַתֵּ֤בְךְּand she weptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'; the people's belated emotional response to defeat, a grief that comes only after disobedience rather than as genuine repentance beforehand.
עָלָיו֙on itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
שִׁבְעַ֣תsevenAdj c · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
הַיָּמִ֔יםthe daysart + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
הָיָ֥הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
הַמִּשְׁתֶּ֑הthe feastart + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'feast, banquet, drinking'; from שָׁתָה 'to drink'; connotes a proper hospitality meal with drink, appropriate to honored guests.
וַיְהִ֣יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗יthe seventhart + Adj · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh'.
וַיַּגֶּדand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לָהּ֙to herprep + sfx 3fsPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to her'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
הֱצִיקַ֔תְהוּhe will oppressHiphil perf 3fs + sfx 3ms · צוּק (H6693)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצוּק (H6693) Hiphil 'to press, afflict, oppress'; the enemy's siege-pressure that drives Israel to this desperation.
וַתַּגֵּ֥דand she toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
הַחִידָ֖הin riddlesart + N com f sg abs · חִידָה (H2420)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִידָה (H2420) 'riddle, enigma, dark saying'; the ordinary prophetic vision could be cryptic/symbolic (cf. Ezekiel's visions), but Moses' revelation is plain, without need of interpretation.
לִבְנֵ֥יof the sons ofprep + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Prepositional phraseבֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמָּֽהּher peopleN com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
18

וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בְּטֶ֨רֶם֙ יָבֹ֣א הַחַ֔רְסָה מַה מָּת֣וֹק מִדְּבַ֔שׁ וּמֶ֥ה עַ֖ז מֵאֲרִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לוּלֵא֙ חֲרַשְׁתֶּ֣ם בְּעֶגְלָתִ֔י לֹ֥א מְצָאתֶ֖ם חִידָתִֽי

And the men of the city said to him on the seventh day, before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey, and what is stronger than a lion? And he said to them, If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have found out my riddle.

If you had not plowed with my heifer
The companions win by the wife; Samson names the betrayal as plowing with his heifer.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לוֹ֩to himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
אַנְשֵׁ֨יthe men ofN com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
הָעִ֜ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'city'.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗יthe seventhart + Adj · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh'.
בְּטֶ֨רֶם֙beforeprep + art · טֶרֶם (H2962)Prepositional phraseטֶרֶם (H2962) 'not yet'; with בְּ, 'before'.
יָבֹ֣אshall enterQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935).
הַחַ֔רְסָהand with itchart + N com m sg abs + Sd · חֶרֶס (H2775)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶס (H2775) 'itch, scurvy' (rare term); completes the pairing with גָּרָב as a chronic, incurable skin affliction.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
מָּת֣וֹקsweetAdj · מָתוֹק (H4966)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָתוֹק (H4966) 'sweet'.
מִדְּבַ֔שׁand honeyprep + N com m sg abs · דְּבַשׁ (H1706)Prepositional phraseדְּבַשׁ (H1706) 'honey'.
וּמֶ֥הand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
עַ֖זstrongAdj · עַז (H5794)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַז (H5794) 'strong, fierce, bold'; עַז פָּנִים 'fierce/impudent of face,' the Hebrew idiom for shameless brazenness.
מֵאֲרִ֑יa lionprep + N com m sg abs · אַרְיֵה (H738)Prepositional phraseאַרְיֵה (H738) 'lion'; completes the figure, 'lion's whelp' — vigor and latent ferocity. [source id 05MaM]
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לָהֶ֔םto themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to them'.
לוּלֵא֙if not / unlessconj וְ · לוּלֵי (H3884)Coordinating conjunctionלוּלֵי (H3884) 'if not, unless'; introduces the counterfactual explaining WHY the total judgment of v.26 was restrained. source id 0563S.
חֲרַשְׁתֶּ֣םand is silentQal perf 2mp · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרַשׁ (H2790) Hiphil 'to be silent'.
בְּעֶגְלָתִ֔יthe heiferprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · עֶגְלָה (H5697)Prepositional phraseעֶגְלָה (H5697) 'young cow, heifer'; construct, 'a heifer of [the herd]' — the animal at the center of the atonement rite.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
מְצָאתֶ֖םhad befallen themQal perf 2mp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actTo find, discover, encounter.
חִידָתִֽיin riddlesN com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · חִידָה (H2420)Construct chain (genitival)חִידָה (H2420) 'riddle, enigma, dark saying'; the ordinary prophetic vision could be cryptic/symbolic (cf. Ezekiel's visions), but Moses' revelation is plain, without need of interpretation.
19

וַתִּצְלַ֨ח עָלָ֜יו ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֗ה וַיֵּ֨רֶד אַשְׁקְל֜וֹן וַיַּ֥ךְ מֵהֶ֣ם שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים אִ֗ישׁ וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת חֲלִ֣יצוֹתָ֔ם וַיִּתֵּן֙ הַחֲלִיפ֔וֹת לְמַגִּידֵ֖י הַחִידָ֑ה וַיִּ֣חַר אַפּ֔וֹ וַיַּ֖עַל בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיהוּ

And the Spirit of YHWH rushed upon him, and he went down to Ashkelon and struck thirty men of them and took their plunder and gave the changes of clothes to those who had told the riddle. And his anger burned, and he went up to his father's house.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'makes prosper'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַתִּצְלַ֨חmakes prosperconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · צָלַח (H6743)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָלַח (H6743) Hiphil 'to succeed, prosper'; negated, total futility in every course of action.
עָלָ֜יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
ר֣וּחַa spirit ofN com c sg constr · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit, wind, breath'; the inner disposition/will that YHWH hardened, paired with לֵבָב below.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
וַיֵּ֨רֶדand went downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'to go down'; Hiphil causative, 'to bring down' — the fruit is carried down from the hill country to Moses and the people at the camp.
אַשְׁקְל֜וֹןAshkelonN proper · אַשְׁקְלוֹן (H831)Proper nameאַשְׁקְלוֹן (H831); second of the Philistine coastal cities named.
וַיַּ֥ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike'.
מֵהֶ֣םfrom themprep + sfx 3mpPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'from them'.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםthirtyAdj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
אִ֗ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
וַיִּקַּח֙and he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
חֲלִ֣יצוֹתָ֔םstripped spoilN com f pl constr + sfx 3mp · חֲלִיצָה (H2488)Construct chain (genitival)חֲלִיצָה (H2488) 'stripped spoil'.
וַיִּתֵּן֙and he gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
הַחֲלִיפ֔וֹתchanges ofart + N com f pl abs · חֲלִיפָה (H2487)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲלִיפָה (H2487) 'change, replacement'; pl constr = 'changes of garments'; festival or honor garments.
לְמַגִּידֵ֖יand it was toldprep + Hiphil ptc mp · נָגַד (H5046)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
הַחִידָ֑הin riddlesart + N com f sg abs · חִידָה (H2420)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִידָה (H2420) 'riddle, enigma, dark saying'; the ordinary prophetic vision could be cryptic/symbolic (cf. Ezekiel's visions), but Moses' revelation is plain, without need of interpretation.
וַיִּ֣חַרand it burnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceTo burn, be kindled with anger.
אַפּ֔וֹhis angerN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'nose, nostril', idiomatically 'anger' (from the flaring nostrils of rage); construct with יְהוָה, the fixed idiom חָרָה אַף, 'anger burned.'
וַיַּ֖עַלand he went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
אָבִֽיהוּhis fatherN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) plural construct with 3mp suffix, 'their fathers.'
20

וַתְּהִ֖י אֵ֣שֶׁת שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן לְמֵ֣רֵעֵ֔הוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר רֵעָ֖ה לֽוֹ

And Samson's wife became his companion's, who had been his companion.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and there was'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַתְּהִ֖יand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
אֵ֣שֶׁתwife ofN com f sg constr · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹןSamsonN proper · H8123Proper nameH8123 'Samson'.
לְמֵ֣רֵעֵ֔הוּhis companionprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מֵרֵעַ (H4828)Prepositional phraseמֵרֵעַ (H4828) 'companion, special friend'; a royal advisor or personal companion.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
רֵעָ֖הshepherdingPiel perf 3ms · רָעָה (H7462)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָעָה (H7462) 'to shepherd, pasture'; substantival participle, rival male shepherds who harass the women.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.