1
וַיֹּסִ֨פוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֧ם יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה
And the sons of Israel again did what was evil in the eyes of YHWH, and YHWH gave them into the hand of the Philistines forty years.
The longest oppression-formula in the book opens Samson's cycle.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיֹּסִ֨פוּ֙and shall continueconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
לַעֲשׂ֥וֹתto doprep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
הָרַ֖עthe evilart + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) bad, evil
בְּעֵינֵ֣יin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Prepositional phraseעַיִן (H5869) 'eye'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
וַיִּתְּנֵ֧םand he gave themconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
בְּיַדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe PhilistinesN gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430), gentilic of פְּלֶשֶׁת; the short Mediterranean coastal road (later 'Via Maris'), avoided precisely because it was the most direct and most militarily exposed route.
אַרְבָּעִ֥יםfortyAdj c · אַרְבָּעִים (H705)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבָּעִים (H705) 'forty'.
שָׁנָֽהyearsN com f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
2
וַיְהִי֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶחָ֧ד מִצָּרְעָ֛ה מִמִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת הַדָּנִ֖י וּשְׁמ֣וֹ מָנ֑וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּ֥וֹ עֲקָרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א יָלָֽדָה
And there was a certain man from Zorah, of the clan of the Danite, and his name was Manoah, and his wife was barren and had not borne.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיְהִי֩and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
אִ֨ישׁa manN com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אֶחָ֧דoneAdj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one' masc., from the root אחד; numbers a single item in the fixed offering inventory.
מִצָּרְעָ֛הand Zorahprep + N proper · צָרְעָה (H6881)Proper nameצָרְעָה (H6881) 'Zorah', Samson's birthplace (Judg 13:2), paired with Eshtaol; identified with modern Sar'a in the Shephelah (source id 06biA).
מִמִּשְׁפַּ֥חַתfrom the clans ofprep + N com f sg constr · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Prepositional phraseמִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940); recurring formula-word marking each clan subdivision.
הַדָּנִ֖יDaniteart + N proper · דָּנִי (H1839)Proper nameדָּנִי (H1839) 'Danite'.
וּשְׁמ֣וֹand his nameconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) plural 'names.'
מָנ֑וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
וְאִשְׁתּ֥וֹand his wifeconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
עֲקָרָ֖הbarrenAdj · עָקָר (H6135)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָקָר (H6135) 'barren, sterile'; infertility elsewhere counted a covenant curse (cf. Exod 23:26), here promised absent.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יָלָֽדָהboreQal perf 3fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָלַד (H3205) 'to bear, give birth'.
3
וַיֵּרָ֥א מַלְאַךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֗יהָ הִנֵּה נָ֤א אַתְּ עֲקָרָה֙ וְלֹ֣א יָלַ֔דְתְּ וְהָרִ֖ית וְיָלַ֥דְתְּ בֵּֽן
And the messenger of YHWH appeared to the woman and said to her, Behold now, you are barren and have not borne, but you shall conceive and bear a son.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיֵּרָ֥אand he sawconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200).
מַלְאַךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָאִשָּׁ֑הthe womanart + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
אֵלֶ֗יהָto herprep + sfx 3fs · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הִנֵּהbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
נָ֤אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
אַתְּyou arepron 2fs · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
עֲקָרָה֙barrenAdj · עָקָר (H6135)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָקָר (H6135) 'barren, sterile'; infertility elsewhere counted a covenant curse (cf. Exod 23:26), here promised absent.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יָלַ֔דְתְּis bearingQal perf 2fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָלַד (H3205) 'to bear, give birth'.
וְהָרִ֖יתand she conceivedconj וְ + Qal perf 2fs · הָרָה (H2029)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָרָה (H2029) 'to conceive'.
וְיָלַ֥דְתְּand you will bearconj וְ + Qal perf 2fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָלַד (H3205) 'to bear, give birth'.
בֵּֽןson ofN com m sg abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
4
וְעַתָּה֙ הִשָּׁ֣מְרִי נָ֔א וְאַל תִּשְׁתִּ֖י יַ֣יִן וְשֵׁכָ֑ר וְאַל תֹּאכְלִ֖י כָּל טָמֵֽא
And now, be careful, please, and do not drink wine or strong drink, and do not eat anything unclean.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and you shall keep'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְעַתָּה֙and nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Coordinating conjunctionעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
הִשָּׁ֣מְרִיand you shall keepNiphal impv 2fs · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, watch, observe'; used of keeping the lamb until the appointed day and of observing the feast as a perpetual ordinance.
נָ֔אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Negative particleאַל (H408), see v.6.
תִּשְׁתִּ֖יto drinkQal jussive 2fs · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׁתָה (H8354) drink
יַ֣יִןwineN com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'; third named category — notably, the tithe-meal provisions explicitly include alcoholic drink.
וְשֵׁכָ֑רand strong drinkconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֵׁכָר (H7941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁכָר (H7941) 'strong/fermented drink' (e.g. beer), distinct from grape יַיִן; the pair יַיִן/שֵׁכָר together cover intoxicating beverages broadly, underscoring the meal's festive, non-ascetic character.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Negative particleאַל (H408), see v.6.
תֹּאכְלִ֖יyou shall eatQal jussive 2fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
טָמֵֽאuncleanAdj · טָמֵא (H2931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'.
5
כִּי֩ הִנָּ֨ךְ הָרָ֜ה וְיֹלַ֣דְתְּ בֵּ֗ן וּמוֹרָה֙ לֹא יַעֲלֶ֣ה עַל רֹאשׁ֔וֹ כִּֽי נְזִ֧יר אֱלֹהִ֛ים יִהְיֶ֥ה הַנַּ֖עַר מִן הַבָּ֑טֶן וְה֗וּא יָחֵ֛ל לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֥ד פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים
For behold, you are pregnant and shall bear a son, and a razor shall not go up on his head, for the boy shall be a Nazirite of God from the womb, and he shall begin to save Israel from the hand of the Philistines.
The boy is Nazirite from the womb; he will begin (יָחֵל) to save — not finish — Israel's deliverance from Philistia.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
הִנָּ֨ךְbehold youadv. + sfx 2fs · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
הָרָ֜הpregnantAdj · הָרֶה (H2030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָרֶה (H2030) 'pregnant'.
וְיֹלַ֣דְתְּand you will bearconj וְ + Qal q 2fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationיָלַד (H3205) 'to bear, give birth'.
בֵּ֗ןson ofN com m sg abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
וּמוֹרָה֙andconj וְ + N com m sg abs · H4177Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)H4177 'and'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יַעֲלֶ֣הshall go upQal impf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
רֹאשׁ֔וֹhis headN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
נְזִ֧ירthe one set apart ofN com m sg constr · נָזִיר (H5139)Construct chain (genitival)נָזִיר (H5139) 'Nazirite, consecrated one', from נזר 'to separate, consecrate oneself'; here definite, 'the Nazirite', the vow-taker whose hair is shaved at the tent entrance.
אֱלֹהִ֛יםGodN com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
יִהְיֶ֥הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
הַנַּ֖עַרthe boyart + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'youth, young man'; paired with זָקֵן for a merism of all ages, none spared.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הַבָּ֑טֶןyour wombart + N com f sg abs · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'womb, belly'; first domain of the fertility triad, human fecundity.
וְה֗וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
יָחֵ֛לhe shall profaneHiphil impf 3ms · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַל (H2490) Hiphil 'to begin'; מֵהָחֵל, 'from the beginning of,' fixes the starting point of the seven-week count to the sickle's first use.
לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַto saveprep + Hiphil inf constr · יָשַׁע (H3467)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁע (H3467) Hiphil 'save, deliver'; the ultimate goal of YHWH's presence in battle — victory belongs to him, not Israel's arms.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
מִיַּ֥דfrom the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽיםthe PhilistinesN gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430), gentilic of פְּלֶשֶׁת; the short Mediterranean coastal road (later 'Via Maris'), avoided precisely because it was the most direct and most militarily exposed route.
6
וַתָּבֹ֣א הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לְאִישָׁהּ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִ֤ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י וּמַרְאֵ֕הוּ כְּמַרְאֵ֛ה מַלְאַ֥ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים נוֹרָ֣א מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹ֤א שְׁאִלְתִּ֨יהוּ֙ אֵֽי מִזֶּ֣ה ה֔וּא וְאֶת שְׁמ֖וֹ לֹֽא הִגִּ֥יד לִֽי
And the woman came and said to her husband, saying, A man of God came to me, and his appearance was like the appearance of the messenger of God, very fearsome. And I did not ask him where he was from, and he did not tell me his name.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she came'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וַתָּבֹ֣אand she cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
הָאִשָּׁ֗הthe womanart + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וַתֹּ֣אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לְאִישָׁהּ֮to her husbandprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · אִישׁ (H376)Prepositional phraseאִישׁ (H376).
לֵאמֹר֒sayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559).
אִ֤ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
הָאֱלֹהִים֙Godart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
בָּ֣אcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935).
אֵלַ֔יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
וּמַרְאֵ֕הוּand its appearanceconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Construct chain (genitival)מַרְאֶה (H4758) appearance, sight
כְּמַרְאֵ֛הlike the appearance ofprep + N com m sg constr · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Prepositional phraseמַרְאֶה (H4758) appearance, sight
מַלְאַ֥ךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
הָאֱלֹהִ֖יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
נוֹרָ֣אawesomeNiphal ptc ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרֵא (H3372) 'to fear'; Niphal participle used adjectivally, 'terrible, dreadful' — together with גָּדוֹל forming the memorable phrase 'that great and terrible wilderness,' underscoring the hardship YHWH brought them through.
מְאֹ֑דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) very, exceedingly
וְלֹ֤אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
שְׁאִלְתִּ֨יהוּ֙askQal perf 1cs + sfx 3ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁאַל (H7592) 'to ask, request'; frames the entire covenant demand as reasonable — not burdensome but for Israel's good (v.13).
אֵֽיwhereinterrog. · אֵי (H335)Interrogative particleאֵי (H335) 'where?'; opens the mocking challenge, a standard prophetic taunt-form against powerless idols (cf. Isa 41:22-24; Jer 2:28). source id 05Fz5.
מִזֶּ֣הfrom hereprep + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Prepositional phraseזֶה (H2088) 'this'.
ה֔וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
שְׁמ֖וֹhis nameN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) plural 'names.'
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
הִגִּ֥ידtoldHiphil perf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to me'.
7
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לִ֔י הִנָּ֥ךְ הָרָ֖ה וְיֹלַ֣דְתְּ בֵּ֑ן וְעַתָּ֞ה אַל תִּשְׁתִּ֣י יַ֣יִן וְשֵׁכָ֗ר וְאַל תֹּֽאכְלִי֙ כָּל טֻמְאָ֔ה כִּֽי נְזִ֤יר אֱלֹהִים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה הַנַּ֔עַר מִן הַבֶּ֖טֶן עַד י֥וֹם מוֹתֽוֹ
And he said to me, Behold, you are pregnant and shall bear a son. And now, do not drink wine or strong drink, and do not eat anything unclean, for the boy shall be a Nazirite of God from the womb until the day of his death.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לִ֔יto meprep + sfx 1csPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to me'.
הִנָּ֥ךְbehold youadv. + sfx 2fs · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
הָרָ֖הpregnantAdj · הָרֶה (H2030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָרֶה (H2030) 'pregnant'.
וְיֹלַ֣דְתְּand you will bearconj וְ + Qal q 2fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb→ Verbal: clause predicationיָלַד (H3205) 'to bear, give birth'.
בֵּ֑ןson ofN com m sg abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
וְעַתָּ֞הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Coordinating conjunctionעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Negative particleאַל (H408), see v.6.
תִּשְׁתִּ֣יto drinkQal jussive 2fs · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׁתָה (H8354) drink
יַ֣יִןwineN com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'; third named category — notably, the tithe-meal provisions explicitly include alcoholic drink.
וְשֵׁכָ֗רand strong drinkconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֵׁכָר (H7941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁכָר (H7941) 'strong/fermented drink' (e.g. beer), distinct from grape יַיִן; the pair יַיִן/שֵׁכָר together cover intoxicating beverages broadly, underscoring the meal's festive, non-ascetic character.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Negative particleאַל (H408), see v.6.
תֹּֽאכְלִי֙you shall eatQal jussive 2fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
טֻמְאָ֔הinto uncleannessN com f sg abs · טֻמְאָה (H2932)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טֻמְאָה (H2932) 'uncleanness, impurity'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
נְזִ֤ירthe one set apart ofN com m sg constr · נָזִיר (H5139)Construct chain (genitival)נָזִיר (H5139) 'Nazirite, consecrated one', from נזר 'to separate, consecrate oneself'; here definite, 'the Nazirite', the vow-taker whose hair is shaved at the tent entrance.
אֱלֹהִים֙GodN com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
יִהְיֶ֣הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
הַנַּ֔עַרthe boyart + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'youth, young man'; paired with זָקֵן for a merism of all ages, none spared.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הַבֶּ֖טֶןyour wombart + N com f sg abs · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'womb, belly'; first domain of the fertility triad, human fecundity.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
י֥וֹםdayN com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
מוֹתֽוֹhis deathN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'death'.
8
וַיֶּעְתַּ֥ר מָנ֛וֹחַ אֶל יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר בִּ֣י אֲדוֹנָ֔י אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֞ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁלַ֗חְתָּ יָבוֹא נָ֥א עוֹד֙ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְיוֹרֵ֕נוּ מַֽה נַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה לַנַּ֥עַר הַיּוּלָּֽד
And Manoah entreated YHWH and said, Please, my lord, let the man of God whom you sent come again to us and teach us what we shall do for the boy who is to be born.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he pleaded'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֶּעְתַּ֥רand he pleadedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָתַר (H6279)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָתַר (H6279) Hiphil 'to entreat, plead, pray'; Pharaoh asks Moses and Aaron to intercede on his behalf, as in prior plagues.
מָנ֛וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
וַיֹּאמַ֑רand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
בִּ֣יpleaseparticle · בִּי (H994)Particle or relational elementבִּי (H994), a fixed interjection of humble petition, 'please, my lord' — distinct from the preposition בְּ + 1cs.
אֲדוֹנָ֔יmy LordN com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord/Master', plural of majesty with 1cs suffix; a reverent form of address used when speaking directly and intimately to YHWH.
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
הָאֱלֹהִ֞יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
שָׁלַ֗חְתָּyou sentQal perf 2ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the entire release-formula ('let my people go').
יָבוֹאhe may comeQal jussive 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבּוֹא (H935).
נָ֥אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
עוֹד֙againart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'still, yet, again'; with the negation, 'no longer'.
אֵלֵ֔ינוּto usprep + sfx 1cp · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
וְיוֹרֵ֕נוּand to teachconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cp · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרָה (H3384), Hiphil 'to teach, instruct' (root of תּוֹרָה, 'torah'); the priests' authoritative instruction, binding on the inquirer.
מַֽהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
נַּעֲשֶׂ֖הwe will doQal impf 1cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לַנַּ֥עַרthe boyprep + art + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Prepositional phraseנַעַר (H5288) 'youth, young man'; paired with זָקֵן for a merism of all ages, none spared.
הַיּוּלָּֽדand he fatheredart + Qal passive ptc ms · יָלַד (H3205)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָלַד (H3205) 'to bear, give birth'.
9
וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּק֣וֹל מָנ֑וֹחַ וַיָּבֹ֣א מַלְאַךְ֩ הָאֱלֹהִ֨ים ע֜וֹד אֶל הָאִשָּׁ֗ה וְהִיא֙ יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וּמָנ֥וֹחַ אִישָׁ֖הּ אֵ֥ין עִמָּֽהּ
And God listened to the voice of Manoah, and the messenger of God came again to the woman; and she was sitting in the field, and Manoah her husband was not with her.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיִּשְׁמַ֥עand he heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
הָאֱלֹהִ֖יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
בְּק֣וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Prepositional phraseקוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; שָׁמַע בְּקוֹל, the standing idiom for obedience, negated here.
מָנ֑וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
וַיָּבֹ֣אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
מַלְאַךְ֩the angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
הָאֱלֹהִ֨יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
ע֜וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'still, yet, again'; with the negation, 'no longer'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָאִשָּׁ֗הthe womanart + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וְהִיא֙and sheconj וְ + pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶתwas dwellingQal ptc fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell.'
בַּשָּׂדֶ֔הin the fieldprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Prepositional phraseשָׂדֶה (H7704) 'field'.
וּמָנ֥וֹחַManoahconj וְ + N proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
אִישָׁ֖הּher husbandN com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Negative particleאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
עִמָּֽהּwith herprep + sfx 3fs · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
10
וַתְּמַהֵר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה וַתָּ֖רָץ וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לְאִישָׁ֑הּ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּ֨ה נִרְאָ֤ה אֵלַי֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁר בָּ֥א בַיּ֖וֹם אֵלָֽי
And the woman hurried and ran and told her husband and said to him, Behold, the man who came to me the other day has appeared to me.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she hurried'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַתְּמַהֵר֙and she hurriedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3fs · מָהַר (H4116)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָהַר (H4116) Piel 'to hurry, hasten'; Pharaoh's urgency signals genuine alarm at the plague's severity.
הָֽאִשָּׁ֔הthe womanart + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וַתָּ֖רָץand she ranconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרוּץ (H7323) 'to run'; Abraham's sprinting toward guests despite the midday heat epitomizes lavish, eager hospitality.
וַתַּגֵּ֣דand she toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil declare, tell, make known
לְאִישָׁ֑הּto her husbandprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · אִישׁ (H376)Prepositional phraseאִישׁ (H376).
וַתֹּ֣אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
אֵלָ֔יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הִנֵּ֨הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) behold; presentative deixis
נִרְאָ֤הhas appearedNiphal perf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200).
אֵלַי֙to meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָאִ֔ישׁthe manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בָּ֥אcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935).
בַיּ֖וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
אֵלָֽיto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
11
וַיָּ֛קָם וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ מָנ֖וֹחַ אַחֲרֵ֣י אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל הָאִ֔ישׁ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הַאַתָּ֥ה הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּ֥רְתָּ אֶל הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אָֽנִי
And Manoah arose and went after his wife and came to the man and said to him, Are you the man who spoke to the woman? And he said, I am.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he arose'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיָּ֛קָםand he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) Qal 'to stand, be valid'.
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212).
מָנ֖וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
אַחֲרֵ֣יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
אִשְׁתּ֑וֹhis wifeN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וַיָּבֹא֙and he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָאִ֔ישׁthe manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
ל֗וֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
הַאַתָּ֥הare you reallyinterrog. + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Interrogative particleאַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
הָאִ֛ישׁthe manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376).
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
דִּבַּ֥רְתָּyou have spokenPiel perf 2ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed act'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָאִשָּׁ֖הthe womanart + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
אָֽנִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
12
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מָנ֔וֹחַ עַתָּ֖ה יָבֹ֣א דְבָרֶ֑יךָ מַה יִּֽהְיֶ֥ה מִשְׁפַּט הַנַּ֖עַר וּמַעֲשֵֽׂהוּ
And Manoah said, Now when your words come, what shall be the boy's rule of life and his work?
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
מָנ֔וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
עַתָּ֖הnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
יָבֹ֣אshall enterQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935).
דְבָרֶ֑יךָyour wordsN com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing'; the Decalogue text (cf. עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, v.28), the covenant stipulations.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
יִּֽהְיֶ֥הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
מִשְׁפַּטjudgmentN com m sg constr · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'ordinance, rule'; the fixed rate table applies again.
הַנַּ֖עַרthe boyart + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'youth, young man'; paired with זָקֵן for a merism of all ages, none spared.
וּמַעֲשֵֽׂהוּthe work ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639); see 39:3.
13
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מָנ֑וֹחַ מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר אָמַ֥רְתִּי אֶל הָאִשָּׁ֖ה תִּשָּׁמֵֽר
And the messenger of YHWH said to Manoah, Of all that I said to the woman let her be careful.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיֹּ֛אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
מַלְאַ֥ךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
מָנ֑וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
מִכֹּ֛לfrom allprep + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
אָמַ֥רְתִּיI saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הָאִשָּׁ֖הthe womanart + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
תִּשָּׁמֵֽרyou shall keepNiphal impf 3fs · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, watch, observe'; used of keeping the lamb until the appointed day and of observing the feast as a perpetual ordinance.
14
מִכֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא֩ מִגֶּ֨פֶן הַיַּ֜יִן לֹ֣א תֹאכַ֗ל וְיַ֤יִן וְשֵׁכָר֙ אַל תֵּ֔שְׁתְּ וְכָל טֻמְאָ֖ה אַל תֹּאכַ֑ל כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִ֖יהָ תִּשְׁמֹֽר
She shall not eat of anything that comes from the vine of wine, and wine and strong drink she shall not drink, and anything unclean she shall not eat; all that I commanded her she shall keep.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'one going out (to)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
מִכֹּ֣לfrom allprep + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phraseכֹּל (H3605).
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
יֵצֵא֩one going out (to)Qal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) Qal participle 'going out'; יֹצֵא צָבָא, the technical military qualification, repeated for each tribe.
מִגֶּ֨פֶןfrom the vine ofprep + N com c sg constr · גֶּפֶן (H1612)Prepositional phraseגֶּפֶן (H1612) 'vine'; with מִן — the enemies' produce traced to a corrupt, cursed source. source id 05iQV.
הַיַּ֜יִןthe wineart + N com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'; third named category — notably, the tithe-meal provisions explicitly include alcoholic drink.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
תֹאכַ֗לyou shall eatQal impf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
וְיַ֤יִןand wineconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'; third named category — notably, the tithe-meal provisions explicitly include alcoholic drink.
וְשֵׁכָר֙and strong drinkconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֵׁכָר (H7941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁכָר (H7941) 'strong/fermented drink' (e.g. beer), distinct from grape יַיִן; the pair יַיִן/שֵׁכָר together cover intoxicating beverages broadly, underscoring the meal's festive, non-ascetic character.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Negative particleאַל (H408), see v.6.
תֵּ֔שְׁתְּdrinkQal jussive 3fs · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׁתָה (H8354) drink
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
טֻמְאָ֖הinto uncleannessN com f sg abs · טֻמְאָה (H2932)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טֻמְאָה (H2932) 'uncleanness, impurity'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Negative particleאַל (H408), see v.6.
תֹּאכַ֑לyou shall eatQal jussive 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
כֹּ֥לallN com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605).
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
צִוִּיתִ֖יהָcommandedPiel perf 1cs + pron 3fs · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) Piel 'to command'.
תִּשְׁמֹֽרyou shall keepQal impf 3fs · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, watch, observe'; used of keeping the lamb until the appointed day and of observing the feast as a perpetual ordinance.
15
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מָנ֖וֹחַ אֶל מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה נַעְצְרָה נָּ֣א אוֹתָ֔ךְ וְנַעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְפָנֶ֖יךָ גְּדִ֥י עִזִּֽים
And Manoah said to the messenger of YHWH, Please let us detain you, and we will prepare a kid of the goats before you.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
מָנ֖וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
מַלְאַ֣ךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
נַעְצְרָהwas stoppedQal cohortative 1cp · עָצַר (H6113)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalעָצַר (H6113) 'to restrain, shut up, withhold'; here of YHWH sealing off the heavens' rain — the precise reversal of v.11's land that 'drinks from the rain of heaven' and v.14's promised timely rains.
נָּ֣אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
אוֹתָ֔ךְyouobj marker + sfx 2fs · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
וְנַעֲשֶׂ֥הand let us makeconj וְ + Qal impf 1cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לְפָנֶ֖יךָbefore youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
גְּדִ֥יa young goatN com m sg constr · גְּדִי (H1423)Construct chain (genitival)גְּדִי (H1423) 'kid, young goat'; the animal in question — precisely a young goat, though the principle was extended by later interpreters to all meat and dairy.
עִזִּֽיםgoatsN com f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵז (H5795) 'goat'; here plural, completing the construct שְׂעִיר עִזִּים, 'male goat'.
16
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהוָ֜ה אֶל מָנ֗וֹחַ אִם תַּעְצְרֵ֨נִי֙ לֹא אֹכַ֣ל בְּלַחְמֶ֔ךָ וְאִם תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה עֹלָ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה תַּעֲלֶ֑נָּה כִּ֚י לֹא יָדַ֣ע מָנ֔וֹחַ כִּֽי מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא
And the messenger of YHWH said to Manoah, If you detain me, I will not eat of your bread; but if you prepare a burnt offering to YHWH, offer it up. For Manoah did not know that he was the messenger of YHWH.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיֹּאמֶר֩and he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
מַלְאַ֨ךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
מָנ֗וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
תַּעְצְרֵ֨נִי֙and he will shut upQal impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · עָצַר (H6113)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָצַר (H6113) 'to restrain, shut up, withhold'; here of YHWH sealing off the heavens' rain — the precise reversal of v.11's land that 'drinks from the rain of heaven' and v.14's promised timely rains.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
אֹכַ֣לeatsQal impf 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the chapter's central ritual verb — eating the roasted lamb, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, and later the prohibition on eating anything leavened during the feast.
בְּלַחְמֶ֔ךָbreadprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · לֶחֶם (H3899)Prepositional phraseלֶחֶם (H3899) — see v. 2.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Coordinating conjunctionאִם (H518) 'if'.
תַּעֲשֶׂ֣הyou shall makeQal impf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
עֹלָ֔הa burnt offeringN com f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹלָה (H5930) 'that which goes up, burnt offering', from עלה 'to go up'; wholly consumed on the altar, its smoke ascending to God.
לַיהוָ֖הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
תַּעֲלֶ֑נָּהand he went upHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 3fs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
כִּ֚יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יָדַ֣עhe knewQal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed act'to know'; Niphal (v.3) 'to make oneself known'; Qal (v.7) 'to know' experientially through the exodus.
מָנ֔וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
מַלְאַ֥ךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
17
וַיֹּ֧אמֶר מָנ֛וֹחַ אֶל מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה מִ֣י שְׁמֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי יָבֹ֥א דבריך דְבָרְךָ֖ וְכִבַּדְנֽוּךָ
And Manoah said to the messenger of YHWH, What is your name, so that when your words come we may honor you?
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיֹּ֧אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
מָנ֛וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
מַלְאַ֥ךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Interrogative particleמִי (H4310) 'who?'; opens a rhetorical formula ('who is the man who...') used repeatedly (vv.5-8) to enumerate exemption categories.
שְׁמֶ֑ךָyour nameN com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) plural 'names.'
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
יָבֹ֥אshall enterQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935).
דבריךyour wordsN com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing'; the Decalogue text (cf. עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, v.28), the covenant stipulations.
דְבָרְךָ֖the words ofN com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing'; the Decalogue text (cf. עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים, v.28), the covenant stipulations.
וְכִבַּדְנֽוּךָand he hardenedconj וְ + Piel perf 1cp + sfx 2ms · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּבֵד (H3513) Niphal 'to be honored, glorious, weighty'; describes the name's inherent majesty.
18
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לּוֹ֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה תִּשְׁאַ֣ל לִשְׁמִ֑י וְהוּא פֶ֛לִאי
And the messenger of YHWH said to him, Why is this that you ask my name, seeing it is wonderful?
פֶּלִאי: the messenger's name is 'wonderful,' akin to Isa 9:5's Wonderful Counselor; Manoah is not given it.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לּוֹ֙to himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
מַלְאַ֣ךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
לָ֥מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
זֶּ֖הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
תִּשְׁאַ֣לdo you askQal impf 2ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁאַל (H7592) 'to ask, request'; frames the entire covenant demand as reasonable — not burdensome but for Israel's good (v.13).
לִשְׁמִ֑יfor my nameprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · שֵׁם (H8034)Prepositional phraseשֵׁם (H8034) plural 'names.'
וְהוּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
פֶ֛לִאיwonderfulAdj · פִּלְאִי (H6383)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּלְאִי (H6383) 'wonderful'.
19
וַיִּקַּ֨ח מָנ֜וֹחַ אֶת גְּדִ֤י הָעִזִּים֙ וְאֶת הַמִּנְחָ֔ה וַיַּ֥עַל עַל הַצּ֖וּר לַֽיהוָ֑ה וּמַפְלִ֣א לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת וּמָנ֥וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ רֹאִֽים
And Manoah took the kid of the goats and the grain offering and offered them up on the rock to YHWH, and he did a wonderful thing while Manoah and his wife were looking on.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיִּקַּ֨חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
מָנ֜וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
גְּדִ֤יa young goatN com m sg constr · גְּדִי (H1423)Construct chain (genitival)גְּדִי (H1423) 'kid, young goat'; the animal in question — precisely a young goat, though the principle was extended by later interpreters to all meat and dairy.
הָעִזִּים֙the goatsart + N com f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵז (H5795) 'goat'; here plural, completing the construct שְׂעִיר עִזִּים, 'male goat'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
הַמִּנְחָ֔הthe grain offeringart + N com f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain offering'.
וַיַּ֥עַלand he went upconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הַצּ֖וּרthe rockart + N com m sg abs · צוּר (H6697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוּר (H6697) 'rock, cliff'; the Song's central divine epithet (recurring vv.4,15,18,30,31,37), evoking YHWH's unshakeable reliability as covenant refuge (cf. Exod 17; Num 20). source id 05Qqm.
לַֽיהוָ֑הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
וּמַפְלִ֣אto fulfillconj וְ + Hiphil ptc ms · פָּלָא (H6381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּלָא (H6381), Niphal 'be too wonderful, extraordinary, beyond one's capacity'; the technical term marking a case beyond local judicial competence (cf. Exod 18:26).
לַעֲשׂ֔וֹתto doprep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
וּמָנ֥וֹחַManoahconj וְ + N proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹand his wifeconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
רֹאִֽיםseeingQal ptc mp · רָאָה (H7200)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָאָה (H7200).
20
וַיְהִי֩ בַעֲל֨וֹת הַלַּ֜הַב מֵעַ֤ל הַמִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָה וַיַּ֥עַל מַלְאַךְ יְהוָ֖ה בְּלַ֣הַב הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וּמָנ֤וֹחַ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ֙ רֹאִ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ עַל פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם אָֽרְצָה
And when the flame went up from the altar toward heaven, the messenger of YHWH went up in the flame of the altar. And Manoah and his wife were looking on, and they fell on their faces to the ground.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיְהִי֩and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
בַעֲל֨וֹתat the coming up ofprep + Qal inf constr · עָלָה (H5927)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
הַלַּ֜הַבthe bladeart + N com m sg abs · לַהַב (H3851)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַהַב (H3851) 'blade, flame'; the sword's cutting edge, already fully embedded.
מֵעַ֤לfrom uponprep + prep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הַמִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙the altarart + N com m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָהto the heavensart + N com m pl abs + Sd · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064), heavens, sky
וַיַּ֥עַלand he went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
מַלְאַךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
בְּלַ֣הַבthe bladeprep + N com m sg constr · לַהַב (H3851)Prepositional phraseלַהַב (H3851) 'blade, flame'; the sword's cutting edge, already fully embedded.
הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַthe altarart + N com m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
וּמָנ֤וֹחַManoahconj וְ + N proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
וְאִשְׁתּוֹ֙and his wifeconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
רֹאִ֔יםseeingQal ptc mp · רָאָה (H7200)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָאָה (H7200).
וַיִּפְּל֥וּand they fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'to fall'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
פְּנֵיהֶ֖םtheir facesN com c pl constr + sfx 3mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; here Moses' face, before which the glory passes — echoing 33:20-23 where YHWH's own פָּנִים could not be seen directly, only his 'back.'
אָֽרְצָהto the groundN com c sg abs + Sd · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
21
וְלֹא יָ֤סַף עוֹד֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה לְהֵרָאֹ֖ה אֶל מָנ֣וֹחַ וְאֶל אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ אָ֚ז יָדַ֣ע מָנ֔וֹחַ כִּֽי מַלְאַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא
And the messenger of YHWH did not appear again to Manoah and to his wife. Then Manoah knew that he was the messenger of YHWH.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he shall add'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יָ֤סַףhe shall addQal perf 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָסַף (Qal, H3254) 'to add'.
עוֹד֙againart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'still, yet, again'; with the negation, 'no longer'.
מַלְאַ֣ךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
לְהֵרָאֹ֖הand he sawprep + Niphal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
מָנ֣וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Coordinating conjunctionאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
אִשְׁתּ֑וֹhis wifeN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
אָ֚זthenart · אָז (H227)Particle or relational elementאָז (H227) 'then'; marks the certain consequence following the refusal to forgive.
יָדַ֣עhe knewQal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed act'to know'; Niphal (v.3) 'to make oneself known'; Qal (v.7) 'to know' experientially through the exodus.
מָנ֔וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
מַלְאַ֥ךְthe angel ofN com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
22
וַיֹּ֧אמֶר מָנ֛וֹחַ אֶל אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מ֣וֹת נָמ֑וּת כִּ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים רָאִֽינוּ
And Manoah said to his wife, We shall surely die, for we have seen God.
The same fear as Gideon (6:22); the wife answers with better theology.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיֹּ֧אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
מָנ֛וֹחַManoahN proper · H4495Proper nameH4495 'Manoah'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
אִשְׁתּ֖וֹhis wifeN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
מ֣וֹתsurelyQal inf abs · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
נָמ֑וּתshould we dieQal impf 1cp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430); see v.1.
רָאִֽינוּwe sawQal perf 1cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200).
23
וַתֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ לוּ֩ חָפֵ֨ץ יְהוָ֤ה לַהֲמִיתֵ֨נוּ֙ לֹֽא לָקַ֤ח מִיָּדֵ֨נוּ֙ עֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א הֶרְאָ֖נוּ אֶת כָּל אֵ֑לֶּה וְכָעֵ֕ת לֹ֥א הִשְׁמִיעָ֖נוּ כָּזֹֽאת
And his wife said to him, If YHWH had desired to kill us, he would not have taken a burnt offering and a grain offering from our hand, and he would not have shown us all these things, and at this time he would not have let us hear such a thing.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַתֹּ֧אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
ל֣וֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
אִשְׁתּ֗וֹhis wifeN com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
לוּ֩if onlyconj וְ · לוּ (H3863)Coordinating conjunctionלוּ (H3863) 'if, if only, would that'; introduces an unreal wish — Israel is NOT wise, but if only they were. source id 059pN.
חָפֵ֨ץhe delightedQal perf 3ms · חָפֵץ (H2654)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָפֵץ (H2654) 'to delight in, desire'; contrasts with חָשַׁק (v.11) — the initial passionate desire has cooled into indifference.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
לַהֲמִיתֵ֨נוּ֙to kill usprep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 1cp · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
לָקַ֤חhe tookQal perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
מִיָּדֵ֨נוּ֙his handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cp · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
עֹלָ֣הa burnt offeringN com f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹלָה (H5930) 'that which goes up, burnt offering', from עלה 'to go up'; wholly consumed on the altar, its smoke ascending to God.
וּמִנְחָ֔הor grain offeringconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'grain offering'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
הֶרְאָ֖נוּhas shown usHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אֵ֑לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428); opens the recurring tribal-total formula.
וְכָעֵ֕תat the timeconj וְ + prep + art + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) time, season
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
הִשְׁמִיעָ֖נוּand he heardHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed act'to hear, listen, obey'; the verb of (non-)reception running through the chapter — God 'hears' Israel's groaning (v. 5), but Israel and Pharaoh both fail to 'hear' Moses (vv. 9, 12, 30).
כָּזֹֽאתas followsprep + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Prepositional phraseזֹאת (H2063).
24
וַתֵּ֤לֶד הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת שְׁמ֖וֹ שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹן וַיִּגְדַּ֣ל הַנַּ֔עַר וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה
And the woman bore a son and called his name Samson, and the boy grew, and YHWH blessed him.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she bore'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַתֵּ֤לֶדand she boreconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) 'to bear, give birth'.
הָֽאִשָּׁה֙the womanart + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802), woman, wife
בֵּ֔ןson ofN com m sg abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
וַתִּקְרָ֥אand she calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
שְׁמ֖וֹhis nameN com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) plural 'names.'
שִׁמְשׁ֑וֹןSamsonN proper · H8123Proper nameH8123 'Samson'.
וַיִּגְדַּ֣לand he grewconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּדַל (H1431) 'to grow, become great'; a swift narrative jump from infancy to a weaned child (cf. Gen 21:8).
הַנַּ֔עַרthe boyart + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'youth, young man'; paired with זָקֵן for a merism of all ages, none spared.
וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֖הוּand he blessed himconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּרַךְ (H1288), see v. 4.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
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וַתָּ֨חֶל֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה לְפַעֲמ֖וֹ בְּמַחֲנֵה דָ֑ן בֵּ֥ין צָרְעָ֖ה וּבֵ֥ין אֶשְׁתָּאֹֽל
And the Spirit of YHWH began to stir him in Mahaneh-dan, between Zorah and Eshtaol.
פַּעַם: the Spirit troubles/stirs him between Zorah and Eshtaol, Dan's camp.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַתָּ֨חֶל֙beganconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָלַל (H2490) Hiphil 'to begin'; מֵהָחֵל, 'from the beginning of,' fixes the starting point of the seven-week count to the sickle's first use.
ר֣וּחַa spirit ofN com c sg constr · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit, wind, breath'; the inner disposition/will that YHWH hardened, paired with לֵבָב below.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
לְפַעֲמ֖וֹwas troubledprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · פָּעַם (H6470)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementפָּעַם (H6470) to be troubled, disturbed, agitated
בְּמַחֲנֵהin the campprep + N proper · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Proper nameמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'.
דָ֑ןDanN proper · דָּן (H1835)Proper nameדָּן (H1835); see v. 40.
בֵּ֥יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Prepositional phraseבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
צָרְעָ֖הZorahN proper · צָרְעָה (H6881)Proper nameצָרְעָה (H6881) 'Zorah', Samson's birthplace (Judg 13:2), paired with Eshtaol; identified with modern Sar'a in the Shephelah (source id 06biA).
וּבֵ֥יןand betweenconj וְ + prep · בֵּין (H996)Coordinating conjunctionבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
אֶשְׁתָּאֹֽלEshtaolN proper · אֶשְׁתָּאוֹל (H847)Proper nameאֶשְׁתָּאוֹל (H847) 'Eshtaol', a Shephelah town paired with Zorah as Samson's home territory (Judg 13:25; 16:31); often located at Ishwa near Zorah (source id 06T67).