Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Judges, Chapter 12שפטים 12

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Judges 12 is Ephraim's second quarrel, now lethal: Gilead holds the fords, Shibboleth unmasks the fugitive, and forty-two thousand fall. Jephthah's six years end, and Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon restore the minor-judge quiet.

Translation & textual notes

שִׁבֹּלֶת / סִבֹּלֶת (v.6) is the classic dialect test; the MT preserves both pronunciations. עָרֵי גִלְעָד (v.7) is plural 'cities of Gilead' as the burial site — odd for one man; some Greek witnesses name a single town. Ibzan's Bethlehem (v.8) is not specified as Judah's or Zebulun's. Elon/Aijalon (vv.11–12) play on the same consonants. Versification follows the MT.

1

וַיִּצָּעֵק֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר צָפ֑וֹנָה וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ לְיִפְתָּ֜ח מַדּ֣וּעַ עָבַ֣רְתָּ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בִּבְנֵי עַמּ֗וֹן וְלָ֨נוּ֙ לֹ֤א קָרָ֨אתָ֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת עִמָּ֔ךְ בֵּיתְךָ֕ נִשְׂרֹ֥ף עָלֶ֖יךָ בָּאֵֽשׁ

And the men of Ephraim were called out and crossed northward, and they said to Jephthah, Why did you cross over to fight against the sons of Ammon, and did not call us to go with you? We will burn your house over you with fire.

Ephraim's threat: we will burn your house
The same Ephraimite grievance as 8:1, now with arson: why did you fight Ammon without us?
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיִּצָּעֵק֙and he cried outconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · צָעַק (H6817)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָעַק (H6817) 'to cry out, call for help'; her silence, within earshot of the city, is read as consent — the crux distinguishing this verse's verdict from v.25's field-case.
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
אֶפְרַ֔יִםEphraimN proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖רand he passed onconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַר (H5674), see v.29.
צָפ֑וֹנָהnorthwardN com f sg abs + Sd · צָפוֹן (H6828)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָפוֹן (H6828) 'north'.
וַיֹּאמְר֨וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לְיִפְתָּ֜חand Iphtahprep + N proper · יִפְתָּח (H3316)Proper nameיִפְתָּח (H3316) 'Iphtah' ('he opens'), unidentified Shephelah town (distinct from the judge Jephthah, same root) (source id 06t1p).
מַדּ֣וּעַwhyinterrog. · מַדּוּעַ (H4069)Interrogative particleמַדּוּעַ (H4069) 'why'; a pointed, accusatory question form.
עָבַ֣רְתָּare crossingQal perf 2ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַר (H5674), see v.29.
לְהִלָּחֵ֣םto fightprep + Niphal inf constr · לָחַם (H3898)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָחַם (H3898), see v.5.
בִּבְנֵיamong the sons ofprep + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Prepositional phraseבֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמּ֗וֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Proper nameעַמּוֹן (H5983), the Ammonites, also descended from Lot (Gen 19:38), Israel's next kin-neighbor after Moab.
וְלָ֨נוּ֙andconj וְ + prep + sfx 1cpCoordinating conjunctionFunction word: 'and'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
קָרָ֨אתָ֙and he calledQal perf 2ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon'.
לָלֶ֣כֶתto goprep + Qal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H3212)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H3212).
עִמָּ֔ךְwith youprep + sfx 2fs · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phraseעִם (H5973) 'with'.
בֵּיתְךָ֕your houseN com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; both the physical house whose door is marked with blood and the family unit gathered to eat the lamb together.
נִשְׂרֹ֥ףyou shall burnQal impf 1cp · שָׂרַף (H8313)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂרַף (H8313) 'to burn'; complete destruction by fire, the fate of the Asherim. Source id 05ZxC.
עָלֶ֖יךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
בָּאֵֽשׁwith fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Prepositional phraseאֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
2

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִפְתָּח֙ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אִ֣ישׁ רִ֗יב הָיִ֛יתִי אֲנִ֛י וְעַמִּ֥י וּבְנֵֽי עַמּ֖וֹן מְאֹ֑ד וָאֶזְעַ֣ק אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא הוֹשַׁעְתֶּ֥ם אוֹתִ֖י מִיָּדָֽם

And Jephthah said to them, I was a man of strife, I and my people, and the sons of Ammon, greatly; and I cried out to you, and you did not save me from their hand.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
יִפְתָּח֙and IphtahN proper · יִפְתָּח (H3316)Proper nameיִפְתָּח (H3316) 'Iphtah' ('he opens'), unidentified Shephelah town (distinct from the judge Jephthah, same root) (source id 06t1p).
אֲלֵיהֶ֔םto themprep + sfx 3mp · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
רִ֗יבdisputeN com c sg abs · רִיב (H7379)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִיב (H7379) 'strife, dispute, legal case'; the third and most concrete burden-term, anticipating the judicial content of vv.13-17 — Moses' complaint moves from generic toil and load to the specific work of adjudicating disputes.
הָיִ֛יתִיI have beenQal perf 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
אֲנִ֛יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)1cs independent pronoun 'I'; emphatic, prominent in 'I am YHWH'.
וְעַמִּ֥יand my peopleconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971); see v.7.
וּבְנֵֽיand the sons ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמּ֖וֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Proper nameעַמּוֹן (H5983), the Ammonites, also descended from Lot (Gen 19:38), Israel's next kin-neighbor after Moab.
מְאֹ֑דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) very, exceedingly
וָאֶזְעַ֣קand they cried outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · זָעַק (H2199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceזָעַק (H2199) 'to cry out (for help)'; a stronger, more deliberate cry than the involuntary אָנַח, often used of appeals for justice/rescue.
אֶתְכֶ֔םyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
הוֹשַׁעְתֶּ֥םone to saveHiphil perf 2mp · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָשַׁע (H3467) Hiphil 'save, deliver'; the ultimate goal of YHWH's presence in battle — victory belongs to him, not Israel's arms.
אוֹתִ֖יmeobj marker + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
מִיָּדָֽםfrom their handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
3

וָֽאֶרְאֶ֞ה כִּֽי אֵינְךָ֣ מוֹשִׁ֗יע וָאָשִׂ֨ימָה נַפְשִׁ֤י בְכַפִּי֙ וָֽאֶעְבְּרָה֙ אֶל בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדִ֑י וְלָמָ֞ה עֲלִיתֶ֥ם אֵלַ֛י הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לְהִלָּ֥חֶם בִּֽי

And I saw that you were not a savior, and I put my life in my palm and crossed over to the sons of Ammon, and YHWH gave them into my hand. So why have you come up to me this day to fight against me?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and let me see'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וָֽאֶרְאֶ֞הand let me seeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200).
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
אֵינְךָ֣you are notneg. + sfx 2ms · אַיִן (H369)Negative particleאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מוֹשִׁ֗יעone to saveHiphil ptc ms · יָשַׁע (H3467)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁע (H3467) Hiphil 'save, deliver'; the ultimate goal of YHWH's presence in battle — victory belongs to him, not Israel's arms.
וָאָשִׂ֨ימָהthat I may setconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs + Sh · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760), put, place, set
נַפְשִׁ֤יmy soulN com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315), see v.28.
בְכַפִּי֙a pan ofprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · כַּף (H3709)Prepositional phraseכַּף (H3709) 'palm (of the hand), pan', named from its cupped shape; holds the incense offering.
וָֽאֶעְבְּרָה֙are crossingconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs + Sh · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַר (H5674), see v.29.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
עַמּ֔וֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Proper nameעַמּוֹן (H5983), the Ammonites, also descended from Lot (Gen 19:38), Israel's next kin-neighbor after Moab.
וַיִּתְּנֵ֥םand he gave themconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Proper nameיְהוָה (H3068).
בְּיָדִ֑יin my handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · יָד (H3027)Prepositional phraseיָד (H3027) 'hand'.
וְלָמָ֞הand whyconj וְ + prep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Interrogative particleWhat?; interrogative pronoun.
עֲלִיתֶ֥םyou went upQal perf 2mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) to go up, ascend
אֵלַ֛יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
הַיּ֥וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
הַזֶּ֖הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
לְהִלָּ֥חֶםto fightprep + Niphal inf constr · לָחַם (H3898)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָחַם (H3898), see v.5.
בִּֽיagainst meprep + sfx 1csPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'against me'.
4

וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ יִפְתָּח֙ אֶת כָּל אַנְשֵׁ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם אֶת אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיַּכּוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י גִלְעָ֜ד אֶת אֶפְרַ֗יִם כִּ֤י אָמְרוּ֙ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ אַתֶּ֔ם גִּלְעָ֕ד בְּת֥וֹךְ אֶפְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ מְנַשֶּֽׁה

And Jephthah gathered all the men of Gilead and fought with Ephraim, and the men of Gilead struck Ephraim, because they said, You are fugitives of Ephraim, Gilead, in the midst of Ephraim, in the midst of Manasseh.

Civil war: Gilead strikes Ephraim
The insult 'you are Ephraimite fugitives in our midst' turns kin into enemy; Gilead gathers and strikes.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץand he gatheredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַץ (H6908) 'to gather, collect'; the spoil must first be assembled centrally before its destruction, ensuring nothing is quietly diverted.
יִפְתָּח֙and IphtahN proper · יִפְתָּח (H3316)Proper nameיִפְתָּח (H3316) 'Iphtah' ('he opens'), unidentified Shephelah town (distinct from the judge Jephthah, same root) (source id 06t1p).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
כָּלallN com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605).
אַנְשֵׁ֣יthe men ofN com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
גִלְעָ֔דGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
וַיִּלָּ֖חֶםand he foughtconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָחַם (H3898), see v.5.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phraseאֵת/אֶת (H854) 'with'; see v. 10.
אֶפְרָ֑יִםEphraimN proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
וַיַּכּוּ֩and they struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָכָה (H5221) Hiphil 'to strike'.
אַנְשֵׁ֨יthe men ofN com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
גִלְעָ֜דGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
אֶפְרַ֗יִםEphraimN proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
אָמְרוּ֙they saidQal perf 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559).
פְּלִיטֵ֤יthe fugitiveN com m pl constr · פָּלִיט (H6412)Construct chain (genitival)פָּלִיט (H6412) 'fugitive, escapee'; from פָּלַט 'to escape'; the anonymous survivor who brings Abram the war report.
אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙EphraimN proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
אַתֶּ֔םyoupron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
גִּלְעָ֕דGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
בְּת֥וֹךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Prepositional phraseתָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst'.
אֶפְרַ֖יִםEphraimN proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
בְּת֥וֹךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Prepositional phraseתָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst'.
מְנַשֶּֽׁהManassehN proper · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Proper nameמְנַשֶּׁה (H4519).
5

וַיִּלְכֹּ֥ד גִּלְעָ֛ד אֶֽת מַעְבְּר֥וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְֽ֠הָיָה כִּ֣י יֹאמְר֞וּ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ אֶעֱבֹ֔רָה וַיֹּ֨אמְרוּ ל֧וֹ אַנְשֵֽׁי גִלְעָ֛ד הַֽאֶפְרָתִ֥י אַ֖תָּה וַיֹּ֥אמֶֽר לֹֽא

And Gilead captured the fords of the Jordan against Ephraim. And when the fugitives of Ephraim said, Let me cross, the men of Gilead said to him, Are you an Ephraimite? And he said, No.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and was taken'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיִּלְכֹּ֥דand was takenconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָכַד (H3920)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָכַד (H3920), see v.1.
גִּלְעָ֛דGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
מַעְבְּר֥וֹתthe fords ofN com f pl constr · מַעֲבָר (H4569)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲבָר (H4569) 'ford, crossing, pass'; from עָבַר 'to cross'; the specific crossing-point of the Jabbok.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ןthe Jordanart + N proper · הַיַּרְדֵּן (H3383)Proper nameיַרְדֵּן (H3383).
לְאֶפְרָ֑יִםof Ephraimprep + N proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
וְֽ֠הָיָהand it shall beconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Coordinating conjunctionכִּי (H3588).
יֹאמְר֞וּthey sayQal impf 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559).
פְּלִיטֵ֤יthe fugitiveN com m pl constr · פָּלִיט (H6412)Construct chain (genitival)פָּלִיט (H6412) 'fugitive, escapee'; from פָּלַט 'to escape'; the anonymous survivor who brings Abram the war report.
אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙EphraimN proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
אֶעֱבֹ֔רָהlet me pass throughQal impf 1cs · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַר (H5674), see v.29.
וַיֹּ֨אמְרוּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
ל֧וֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
אַנְשֵֽׁיthe men ofN com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376).
גִלְעָ֛דGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
הַֽאֶפְרָתִ֥יEphraimiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · אֶפְרָתִי (H673)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרָתִי (H673) 'Ephraimite'.
אַ֖תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you' (ms), repeated for the second half of the couplet.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶֽרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
6

וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ אֱמָר נָ֨א שִׁבֹּ֜לֶת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר סִבֹּ֗לֶת וְלֹ֤א יָכִין֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר כֵּ֔ן וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּ אוֹת֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁחָט֖וּהוּ אֶל מַעְבְּר֣וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּפֹּ֞ל בָּעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנַ֖יִם אָֽלֶף

And they said to him, Say now Shibboleth, and he said Sibboleth, and he could not manage to speak so. And they seized him and slaughtered him at the fords of the Jordan. And there fell at that time from Ephraim forty-two thousand.

Shibboleth; 42,000 fall
The password שִׁבֹּלֶת / סִבֹּלֶת is a dialect test at the fords. Forty-two thousand Ephraimites fall — the book's costliest inner slaughter so far.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
לוֹ֩to himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
אֱמָרhe saidQal impv 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָמַר (H559).
נָ֨אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
שִׁבֹּ֜לֶתthe earsN com f sg abs · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) ear of grain
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
סִבֹּ֗לֶתSibbolethN com f sg abs · סִבֹּלֶת (H5451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִבֹּלֶת (H5451) 'Sibboleth'.
וְלֹ֤אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Negative particleלֹא (H3808).
יָכִין֙readyHiphil impf 3ms · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכּוּן (H3559) Hiphil 'to prepare, make ready'; parallels בְּנֵה in a coordinated command pair.
לְדַבֵּ֣רto speakprep + Piel inf constr · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complement'to speak'; Piel, the standard verb for authoritative divine or prophetic speech.
כֵּ֔ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; anaphoric adverb confirming that an action matches what was just commanded.
וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּand they took holdconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָחַז (H270)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָחַז (H270) Qal 'seize, grasp, take hold'; the hand firmly grasping the instrument of judgment. source id 051of.
אוֹת֔וֹhimobj marker + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
וַיִּשְׁחָט֖וּהוּand he shall slaughterconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3ms · שָׁחַט (H7819)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחַט (H7819) — see v. 11.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
מַעְבְּר֣וֹתthe fords ofN com f pl constr · מַעֲבָר (H4569)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲבָר (H4569) 'ford, crossing, pass'; from עָבַר 'to cross'; the specific crossing-point of the Jabbok.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ןthe Jordanart + N proper · הַיַּרְדֵּן (H3383)Proper nameיַרְדֵּן (H3383).
וַיִּפֹּ֞לand he fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'to fall'.
בָּעֵ֤תat the timeprep + art + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Prepositional phraseעֵת (H6256) time, season
הַהִיא֙thatart + pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוּא (H1931), independent pronoun, quasi-copula.
מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִםEphraimprep + N proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
אַרְבָּעִ֥יםfortyAdj c · אַרְבָּעִים (H705)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבָּעִים (H705) 'forty'.
וּשְׁנַ֖יִםand twoconj וְ + Adj c det · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two', dual form of a root meaning 'to repeat, double'; counts the peace-offering oxen.
אָֽלֶףthousandAdj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
7

וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט יִפְתָּ֛ח אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים וַיָּ֗מָת יִפְתָּח֙ הַגִּלְעָדִ֔י וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּעָרֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד

And Jephthah judged Israel six years. And Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried in the cities of Gilead.

Six years; buried in the cities of Gilead
A short judgeship and a plural burial notice (עָרֵי גִלְעָד) — a small textual seam.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥טand judgeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַט (H8199) 'to judge'; Qal participle used substantivally, 'your judges' — the officials of v.15 now specifically addressed in their judicial capacity.
יִפְתָּ֛חand IphtahN proper · יִפְתָּח (H3316)Proper nameיִפְתָּח (H3316) 'Iphtah' ('he opens'), unidentified Shephelah town (distinct from the judge Jephthah, same root) (source id 06t1p).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
שֵׁ֣שׁsixAdj c · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'.
שָׁנִ֑יםyearsN com f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
וַיָּ֗מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
יִפְתָּח֙and IphtahN proper · יִפְתָּח (H3316)Proper nameיִפְתָּח (H3316) 'Iphtah' ('he opens'), unidentified Shephelah town (distinct from the judge Jephthah, same root) (source id 06t1p).
הַגִּלְעָדִ֔יthe Gileaditesart + N gentilic m sg abs · גִּלְעָדִי (H1569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְעָדִי (H1569), gentilic of גִּלְעָד.
וַיִּקָּבֵ֖רand he was buriedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַר (H6912) 'to bury'; Niphal passive — Aaron 'was buried' there, at Moserah/Mount Hor.
בְּעָרֵ֥יin the cities ofprep + N com f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Prepositional phraseעִיר (H5892) 'city'.
גִלְעָֽדGileadN proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Proper nameגִּלְעָד (H1568).
8

וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט אַֽחֲרָיו֙ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִבְצָ֖ן מִבֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם

And after him Ibzan of Bethlehem judged Israel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and judge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤טand judgeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַט (H8199) 'to judge'; Qal participle used substantivally, 'your judges' — the officials of v.15 now specifically addressed in their judicial capacity.
אַֽחֲרָיו֙after himprep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אִבְצָ֖ןIbzanN proper · H78Proper nameH78 'Ibzan'.
מִבֵּ֥יתBethlehemprep + N proper · בֵּית-לֶחֶם (H1035)Proper nameבֵּית-לֶחֶם (H1035) 'house of bread'; Bethlehem identified with Ephrath by the narrator.
לָֽחֶםlehem (Bethlehem)N proper · בֵּית-לֶחֶם (H1035)Proper nameבֵּית-לֶחֶם (H1035) 'house of bread'; Bethlehem identified with Ephrath by the narrator.
9

וַיְהִי ל֞וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּנִ֗ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים בָּנוֹת֙ שִׁלַּ֣ח הַח֔וּצָה וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּנ֔וֹת הֵבִ֥יא לְבָנָ֖יו מִן הַח֑וּץ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים

And he had thirty sons, and thirty daughters he sent abroad, and thirty daughters he brought in for his sons from abroad. And he judged Israel seven years.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיְהִיand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
ל֞וֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםthirtyAdj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
בָּנִ֗יםsonsN com m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤יםand thirtyconj וְ + Adj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
בָּנוֹת֙daughtersN com f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּת (H1323) daughter
שִׁלַּ֣חlet goPiel perf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to send, send away, let go'; the verb of the entire release-formula ('let my people go').
הַח֔וּצָהoutsideart + N com m sg abs + Sd · חוּץ (H2351)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside, exterior'.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםand thirtyconj וְ + Adj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
בָּנ֔וֹתdaughtersN com f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּת (H1323) daughter
הֵבִ֥יאhe might bring inHiphil perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935).
לְבָנָ֖יוhis sons'prep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · בֵּן (H1121)Prepositional phraseבֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הַח֑וּץoutsideart + N com m sg abs · חוּץ (H2351)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside, exterior'.
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥טand judgeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַט (H8199) 'to judge'; Qal participle used substantivally, 'your judges' — the officials of v.15 now specifically addressed in their judicial capacity.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
שֶׁ֥בַעsevenAdj c · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) seven
שָׁנִֽיםyearsN com f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
10

וַיָּ֣מָת אִבְצָ֔ן וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם

And Ibzan died and was buried at Bethlehem.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he died'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיָּ֣מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
אִבְצָ֔ןIbzanN proper · H78Proper nameH78 'Ibzan'.
וַיִּקָּבֵ֖רand he was buriedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַר (H6912) 'to bury'; Niphal passive — Aaron 'was buried' there, at Moserah/Mount Hor.
בְּבֵ֥יתBethlehemprep + N proper · בֵּית-לֶחֶם (H1035)Proper nameבֵּית-לֶחֶם (H1035) 'house of bread'; Bethlehem identified with Ephrath by the narrator.
לָֽחֶםlehem (Bethlehem)N proper · בֵּית-לֶחֶם (H1035)Proper nameבֵּית-לֶחֶם (H1035) 'house of bread'; Bethlehem identified with Ephrath by the narrator.
11

וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט אַֽחֲרָיו֙ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵיל֖וֹן הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑י וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים

And after him Elon the Zebulunite judged Israel, and he judged Israel ten years.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and judge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤טand judgeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַט (H8199) 'to judge'; Qal participle used substantivally, 'your judges' — the officials of v.15 now specifically addressed in their judicial capacity.
אַֽחֲרָיו֙after himprep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
אֵיל֖וֹןElonN proper · אֵילוֹן (H356)Proper nameאֵילוֹן (H356) 'Elon = oak'; Basemath's Hittite father.
הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑יthe Zebulunitesart + N gentilic m sg abs · זְבוּלֹנִי (H2075)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְבוּלֹנִי (H2075), gentilic of זְבוּלֻן.
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥טand judgeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַט (H8199) 'to judge'; Qal participle used substantivally, 'your judges' — the officials of v.15 now specifically addressed in their judicial capacity.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
עֶ֥שֶׂרtenAdj c · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'; the gold pan's fixed weight in shekels.
שָׁנִֽיםyearsN com f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
12

וַיָּ֖מָת אֵל֣וֹן הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑י וַיִּקָּבֵ֥ר בְּאַיָּל֖וֹן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ זְבוּלֻֽן

And Elon the Zebulunite died and was buried at Aijalon in the land of Zebulun.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he died'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיָּ֖מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
אֵל֣וֹןElonN proper · אֵילוֹן (H356)Proper nameאֵילוֹן (H356) 'Elon = oak'; Basemath's Hittite father.
הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֑יthe Zebulunitesart + N gentilic m sg abs · זְבוּלֹנִי (H2075)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְבוּלֹנִי (H2075), gentilic of זְבוּלֻן.
וַיִּקָּבֵ֥רand he was buriedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַר (H6912) 'to bury'; Niphal passive — Aaron 'was buried' there, at Moserah/Mount Hor.
בְּאַיָּל֖וֹןin Aijalonprep + N proper · אַיָּלוֹן (H357)Proper nameאַיָּלוֹן (H357) Aijalon, a valley northwest of Jerusalem; paired with Gibeon, the two place-names locate sun and moon at opposite points on the horizon, suggesting (on one reading) a full day's arc frozen in place.
בְּאֶ֥רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phraseאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
זְבוּלֻֽןZebulunN proper · זְבוּלֻן (H2074)Proper nameזְבוּלֻן (H2074), son of Leah; despite being a Leah-tribe, placed on the curse side, breaking a strict matriarchal pattern.
13

וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אַחֲרָ֖יו אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַבְדּ֥וֹן בֶּן הִלֵּ֖ל הַפִּרְעָתוֹנִֽי

And after him Abdon son of Hillel the Pirathonite judged Israel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and judge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥טand judgeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַט (H8199) 'to judge'; Qal participle used substantivally, 'your judges' — the officials of v.15 now specifically addressed in their judicial capacity.
אַחֲרָ֖יוafter himprep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Prepositional phraseאַחַר (H310).
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
עַבְדּ֥וֹןAbdonN proper · עַבְדּוֹן (H5658)Proper nameעַבְדּוֹן (H5658), an Asherite town (19:28).
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
הִלֵּ֖לHillelN proper · H1985Proper nameH1985 'Hillel'.
הַפִּרְעָתוֹנִֽיPirathoniteart + N gentilic m sg abs · פִּרְעָתוֹנִי (H6553)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּרְעָתוֹנִי (H6553) 'Pirathonite'.
14

וַיְהִי ל֞וֹ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים בָּנִ֗ים וּשְׁלֹשִׁים֙ בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים רֹכְבִ֖ים עַל שִׁבְעִ֣ים עֲיָרִ֑ם וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִֽים

And he had forty sons and thirty grandsons who rode on seventy donkeys, and he judged Israel eight years.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיְהִיand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
ל֞וֹto himprep + sfx 3msPrepositional phraseFunction word: 'to him'.
אַרְבָּעִ֣יםfortyAdj c · אַרְבָּעִים (H705)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבָּעִים (H705) 'forty'.
בָּנִ֗יםsonsN com m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
וּשְׁלֹשִׁים֙and thirtyconj וְ + Adj c · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty', plural of שָׁלוֹשׁ 'three'; combines with מֵאָה for the dish's fixed weight of 130 shekels.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
בָנִ֔יםsonsN com m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
רֹכְבִ֖יםand its riderQal ptc mp · רָכַב (H7392)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָכַב (H7392) Hiphil 'cause to ride, mount'; God enthroning/elevating Israel triumphantly upon the heights of the land. source id 05GNR.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
שִׁבְעִ֣יםseventyAdj c · שִׁבְעִים (H7657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁבְעִים (H7657) 'seventy', plural of שֶׁבַע 'seven'; the basin's fixed weight in shekels.
עֲיָרִ֑םhis foalN com m pl abs · עַיִר (H5895)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִר (H5895) 'young male donkey, colt'; male counterpart to the female donkeys.
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥טand judgeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַט (H8199) 'to judge'; Qal participle used substantivally, 'your judges' — the officials of v.15 now specifically addressed in their judicial capacity.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; untranslated.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Proper nameיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
שְׁמֹנֶ֥הeightAdj c · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; completes 'thirty-eight'.
שָׁנִֽיםyearsN com f pl abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
15

וַיָּ֛מָת עַבְדּ֥וֹן בֶּן הִלֵּ֖ל הַפִּרְעָתוֹנִ֑י וַיִּקָּבֵ֤ר בְּפִרְעָתוֹן֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֶפְרַ֔יִם בְּהַ֖ר הָעֲמָלֵקִֽי

And Abdon son of Hillel the Pirathonite died and was buried at Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the hill country of the Amalekite.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he died'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיָּ֛מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
עַבְדּ֥וֹןAbdonN proper · עַבְדּוֹן (H5658)Proper nameעַבְדּוֹן (H5658), an Asherite town (19:28).
בֶּןson ofN com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
הִלֵּ֖לHillelN proper · H1985Proper nameH1985 'Hillel'.
הַפִּרְעָתוֹנִ֑יPirathoniteart + N gentilic m sg abs · פִּרְעָתוֹנִי (H6553)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּרְעָתוֹנִי (H6553) 'Pirathonite'.
וַיִּקָּבֵ֤רand he was buriedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַר (H6912) 'to bury'; Niphal passive — Aaron 'was buried' there, at Moserah/Mount Hor.
בְּפִרְעָתוֹן֙Pirathonprep + N proper · H6552Proper nameH6552 'Pirathon'.
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Prepositional phraseאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'.
אֶפְרַ֔יִםEphraimN proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Proper nameאֶפְרַיִם (H669), Joseph's younger son (Gen 41:52), whose tribe eventually eclipsed Manasseh's (cf. Gen 48:19-20) — reflected here by being named first with the larger figure. [source id 05KDK]
בְּהַ֖רon the mountainprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Prepositional phraseהַר (H2022); see v.2.
הָעֲמָלֵקִֽיthe Amalekiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · עֲמָלֵקִי (H6003)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲמָלֵקִי (H6003), the Amalekites; nomadic people of the Negev and Sinai; later persistent enemies of Israel.