Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Joel, Chapter 3יואל 3

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Joel 3 (5 verses in the MT) opens: And it shall come to pass afterward, I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions: The middle of the chapter continues: And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke. It closes: And it shall come to pass, whosoever shall call on the name of YHWH shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, as YHWH has said, and in the remnant whom YHWH shall call.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Joel 3 comprises 5 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — And it shall come to pass afterward, I will pour out my spirit upon all. And it shall come to pass afterward, I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions: And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit. And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire,. Movement II (vv. 5) — And it shall come to pass, whosoever shall call on the name of YHWH shal. And it shall come to pass, whosoever shall call on the name of YHWH shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, as YHWH has said, and in the remnant whom YHWH shall call. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וְהָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת רוּחִי֙ עַל כָּל בָּשָׂ֔ר וְנִבְּא֖וּ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם זִקְנֵיכֶם֙ חֲלֹמ֣וֹת יַחֲלֹמ֔וּן בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם חֶזְיֹנ֖וֹת יִרְאֽוּ

And it shall come to pass afterward, I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall pour out'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְהָיָ֣הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
אַֽחֲרֵיafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
כֵ֗ןsoart · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְhe shall pour outQal impf 1cs · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
רוּחִי֙my SpiritN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'my Spirit'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
בָּשָׂ֔רfleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
וְנִבְּא֖וּand they prophesiedconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · נָבָא (H5012)Particle or relational elementנָבָא (H5012) 'and they prophesied'.
בְּנֵיכֶ֣םyour childrenN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'your children'.
וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑םdaughter ofconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 2mp · בַּת (H1323)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
זִקְנֵיכֶם֙your eldersAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'your elders'.
חֲלֹמ֣וֹתa dreamN c · חֲלוֹם (H2472)Construct chain (genitival)חֲלוֹם (H2472) 'a dream'.
יַחֲלֹמ֔וּןI have dreamedQal impf 3mp + Sn · חָלַם (H2492)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַם (H2492) 'I have dreamed'.
בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔םyoung manN c · בָּחוּר (H970)Construct chain (genitival)בָּחוּר (H970) 'young man'.
חֶזְיֹנ֖וֹתvisionN c · חִזָּיוֹן (H2384)Construct chain (genitival)חִזָּיוֹן (H2384) 'vision'.
יִרְאֽוּshall they appearQal impf 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall they appear'.
2

וְגַ֥ם עַל הָֽעֲבָדִ֖ים וְעַל הַשְּׁפָח֑וֹת בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔מָּה אֶשְׁפּ֖וֹךְ אֶת רוּחִֽי

And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall pour out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְגַ֥םand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הָֽעֲבָדִ֖יםthe male servantsart + N com m pl abs · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the male servants'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
הַשְּׁפָח֑וֹתthe maidservantsart + N com f pl abs · שִׁפְחָה (H8198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁפְחָה (H8198) 'the maidservants'.
בַּיָּמִ֣יםin the daysprep + art + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'in the days'.
הָהֵ֔מָּהthoseart + dem. pron xmp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'those'.
אֶשְׁפּ֖וֹךְhe shall pour outQal impf 1cs · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
רוּחִֽיmy SpiritN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'my Spirit'.
3

וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ מֽוֹפְתִ֔ים בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּבָאָ֑רֶץ דָּ֣ם וָאֵ֔שׁ וְתִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן

And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְנָֽתַתִּי֙and I will giveconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'and I will give'.
מֽוֹפְתִ֔יםand the wondersN c · מוֹפֵת (H4159)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹפֵת (H4159) 'and the wonders'.
בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִםin the heavensprep + art + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'in the heavens'.
וּבָאָ֑רֶץor on the earthconj וְ + prep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'or on the earth'.
דָּ֣םbloodN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'.
וָאֵ֔שׁand fireconj וְ + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'and fire'.
וְתִֽימֲר֖וֹתandconj וְ + N com f pl constr · תִּימָרָה (H8490)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תִּימָרָה (H8490) 'and'.
עָשָֽׁןsmoke ofN c · עָשָׁן (H6227)Construct chain (genitival)עָשָׁן (H6227) 'smoke of'.
4

הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא

The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of YHWH come.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'come in'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙the sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
יֵהָפֵ֣ךְhas turnedN · הָפַךְ (H2015)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְdarknessprep + N com m sg abs · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַand the moonconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · יָרֵחַ (H3394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵחַ (H3394) 'and the moon'.
לְדָ֑םinto bloodprep + N com m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'into blood'.
לִפְנֵ֗יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
בּ֚וֹאcome inQal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'come in'.
י֣וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הַגָּד֖וֹלthe greatart + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'the great'.
וְהַנּוֹרָֽאand the terrible/fearsomeconj וְ + art + Niphal ptc ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרֵא (H3372) 'and the terrible/fearsome'.
5

וְהָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר יִקְרָ֛א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט כִּ֠י בְּהַר צִיּ֨וֹן וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה פְלֵיטָ֗ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וּבַ֨שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא

And it shall come to pass, whosoever shall call on the name of YHWH shall be delivered: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance, as YHWH has said, and in the remnant whom YHWH shall call.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be called'. Closes the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וְהָיָ֗הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
כֹּ֧לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יִקְרָ֛אshall be calledQal impf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'shall be called'.
בְּשֵׁ֥םin the name ofprep + N com m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in the name of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יִמָּלֵ֑טand he escapedN · מָלַט (H4422)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָלַט (H4422) 'and he escaped'.
כִּ֠יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בְּהַרon the mountainprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'on the mountain'.
צִיּ֨וֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֜םJerusalemconj וְ + prep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
תִּֽהְיֶ֣הshall beQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
פְלֵיטָ֗הthe escaped remnantN c · פְּלֵיטָה (H6413)Construct chain (genitival)פְּלֵיטָה (H6413) 'the escaped remnant'.
כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙just asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּבַ֨שְּׂרִידִ֔יםa survivorconj וְ + prep + art + N com m pl abs · שָׂרִיד (H8300)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂרִיד (H8300) 'a survivor'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
קֹרֵֽאhe calledQal ptc ms · קָרָא (H7121)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָרָא (H7121) 'he called'.