Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Jeremiah, Chapter 51ירמיהו 51

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Jeremiah 51 (64 verses in the MT) opens: Thus says YHWH; Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in the midst of them that rise up against me, a destroying wind; The middle of the chapter continues: For thus says YHWH of hosts, the God of Israel; The daughter of Babylon like a threshingfloor, time to thresh her: yet a little while, and the time of her harvest shall come. It closes: And you shall say, Thus shall Babylon sink, and shall not rise from the evil that I will bring upon her: and they shall be weary. Thus far the words of Jeremiah.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Jeremiah 51 comprises 64 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-13) — Thus says YHWH; Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against the. Thus says YHWH; Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in the midst of them that rise up against me, a destroying wind; And will send to Babylon fanners, that shall fan her, and shall empty her land: for in the day of trouble they shall be against her round about. Against bendeth let the archer bend his bow, and against lifteth. Movement II (vv. 14-26) — YHWH of hosts has sworn by himself, , Surely I will fill you with men, a. YHWH of hosts has sworn by himself, , Surely I will fill you with men, as with caterpillers; and they shall lift up a shout against you. He has made the earth by his power, he has established the world by his wisdom, and has stretched out the heaven by his understanding. When he uttereth voice, a multitude of waters in the heavens; and he causeth the. Movement III (vv. 27-39) — Set you up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the nations, p. Set you up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the nations, prepare the nations against her, call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz; appoint a captain against her; cause the horses to come up as the rough caterpillers. Prepare against her the nations with the kings of the Medes, the captains thereof, and all the. Movement IV (vv. 40-52) — I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with he go. I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with he goats. How is Sheshach taken! and how is the praise of the whole earth surprised! how is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations! The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof. Her cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a. Movement V (vv. 53-64) — Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify. Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, from me shall spoilers come to her, says YHWH. A sound of a cry from Babylon, and great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans: Because YHWH has spoiled Babylon, and destroyed out of her the great voice; when her waves do roar like great waters, a noise. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִי֙ מֵעִ֣יר עַל בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֶל יֹשְׁבֵ֖י לֵ֣ב קָמָ֑י ר֖וּחַ מַשְׁחִֽית

Thus says YHWH; Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in the midst of them that rise up against me, a destroying wind;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כֹּ֚הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הִנְנִי֙behold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
מֵעִ֣ירawakeHiphil ptc ms · עוּר (H5782)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּבֶ֔לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
יֹשְׁבֵ֖יthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
לֵ֣בthe heart ofN · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
קָמָ֑יand he aroseN · קוּם (H6965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
ר֖וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
מַשְׁחִֽיתdestroyingHiphil ptc ms · שָׁחַת (H7843)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁחַת (H7843) 'destroying'.
2

וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֤ל זָרִים֙ וְזֵר֔וּהָ וִיבֹקְק֖וּ אֶת אַרְצָ֑הּ כִּֽי הָי֥וּ עָלֶ֛יהָ מִסָּבִ֖יב בְּי֥וֹם רָעָֽה

And will send to Babylon fanners, that shall fan her, and shall empty her land: for in the day of trouble they shall be against her round about.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'fail'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֨יand I will sendconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Particle or relational elementשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and I will send'.
לְבָבֶ֤לBabelprep + N proper · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
זָרִים֙an outsiderAdj · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
וְזֵר֔וּהָI will scatterconj וְ + Piel q 3cp + sfx 3fs · זָרָה (H2219)Particle or relational elementזָרָה (H2219) 'I will scatter'.
וִיבֹקְק֖וּfailconj וְ + Poel impf 3mp · בָּקַק (H1238)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּקַק (H1238) 'fail'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אַרְצָ֑הּto the groundN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'to the ground'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הָי֥וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
עָלֶ֛יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
מִסָּבִ֖יבfrom aroundprep + N com c sg abs · סָבִיב (H5439)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָבִיב (H5439) 'from around'.
בְּי֥וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
רָעָֽהevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
3

אֶֽל יִדְרֹ֤ךְ ידרך הַדֹּרֵךְ֙ קַשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְאֶל יִתְעַ֖ל בְּסִרְיֹנ֑וֹ וְאַֽל תַּחְמְלוּ֙ אֶל בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔יהָ הַחֲרִ֖ימוּ כָּל צְבָאָֽהּ

Against bendeth let the archer bend his bow, and against lifteth himself up in his brigandine: and spare you not her young men; destroy you utterly all her host.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he trod'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אֶֽלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יִדְרֹ֤ךְhe trodQal impf 3ms · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
ידרךhe trodQal impf 3ms · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
הַדֹּרֵךְ֙he trodart + Qal ptc ms · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
קַשְׁתּ֔וֹhis bowN c · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Construct chain (genitival)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'his bow'.
וְאֶלand do notconj וְ + prep · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
יִתְעַ֖לand he went upHithpael jussive 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָלָה (H5927) 'and he went up'.
בְּסִרְיֹנ֑וֹinprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · סִרְיֹן (H5630)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִרְיֹן (H5630) 'in'.
וְאַֽלand toconj וְ + neg. · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
תַּחְמְלוּ֙you shall spareQal impf 2mp · חָמַל (H2550)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָמַל (H2550) 'you shall spare'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔יהָyoung manN c · בָּחוּר (H970)Construct chain (genitival)בָּחוּר (H970) 'young man'.
הַחֲרִ֖ימוּhe devoted to destructionHiphil impv 2mp · חָרַם (H2763)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָרַם (H2763) 'he devoted to destruction'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
צְבָאָֽהּto warN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'to war'.
4

וְנָפְל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים וּמְדֻקָּרִ֖ים בְּחוּצוֹתֶֽיהָ

Thus the slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans, and thrust through in her streets.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he pierced through'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְנָפְל֥וּand they shall fallconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · נָפַל (H5307)Particle or relational elementנָפַל (H5307) 'and they shall fall'.
חֲלָלִ֖יםslainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'slain'.
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
כַּשְׂדִּ֑יםof the ChaldeansN · כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778) 'of the Chaldeans'.
וּמְדֻקָּרִ֖יםand he pierced throughconj וְ + Pual ptc mp · דָּקַר (H1856)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדָּקַר (H1856) 'and he pierced through'.
בְּחוּצוֹתֶֽיהָoutsideprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3fs · חוּץ (H2351)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside'.
5

כִּ֠י לֹֽא אַלְמָ֨ן יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל וִֽיהוּדָה֙ מֵֽאֱלֹהָ֔יו מֵֽיְהוָ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת כִּ֤י אַרְצָם֙ מָלְאָ֣ה אָשָׁ֔ם מִקְּד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

For Israel not forsaken, nor Judah of his God, of YHWH of hosts; though their land was filled with sin against the Holy One of Israel.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'is filled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כִּ֠יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אַלְמָ֨ןforsakenAdj · אַלְמָן (H488)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַלְמָן (H488) 'forsaken'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֤לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וִֽיהוּדָה֙and Judahconj וְ + N proper · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'and Judah'.
מֵֽאֱלֹהָ֔יוGodprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
מֵֽיְהוָ֖הfrom YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'from YHWH'.
צְבָא֑וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אַרְצָם֙their landN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'their land'.
מָלְאָ֣הis filledQal perf 3fs · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלֵא (H4390) 'is filled'.
אָשָׁ֔םas a guilt offeringN c · אָשָׁם (H817)Construct chain (genitival)אָשָׁם (H817) 'as a guilt offering'.
מִקְּד֖וֹשׁholyprep + Adj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
6

נֻ֣סוּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ בָּבֶ֗ל וּמַלְּטוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ נַפְשׁ֔וֹ אַל תִּדַּ֖מּוּ בַּעֲוֺנָ֑הּ כִּי֩ עֵ֨ת נְקָמָ֥ה הִיא֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה גְּמ֕וּל ה֥וּא מְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לָֽהּ

Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul: be not cut off in her iniquity; for this the time of YHWH's vengeance; he will render to her a recompence.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'fled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
נֻ֣סוּfledQal impv 2mp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנוּס (H5127) 'fled'.
מִתּ֣וֹךְfrom the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'from the midst of'.
בָּבֶ֗לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וּמַלְּטוּ֙and he escapedconj וְ + Piel impv 2mp · מָלַט (H4422)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָלַט (H4422) 'and he escaped'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
נַפְשׁ֔וֹhis soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּדַּ֖מּוּthey are stillN · דָּמַם (H1826)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּמַם (H1826) 'they are still'.
בַּעֲוֺנָ֑הּthe iniquity ofprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3fs · עָוֹן (H5771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עֵ֨תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
נְקָמָ֥הthe vengeance ofN c · נְקָמָה (H5360)Construct chain (genitival)נְקָמָה (H5360) 'the vengeance of'.
הִיא֙that ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
גְּמ֕וּלas / likeN c · גְּמוּל (H1576)Construct chain (genitival)גְּמוּל (H1576) 'as / like'.
ה֥וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
מְשַׁלֵּ֖םhe shall payPiel ptc ms · שָׁלַם (H7999)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
לָֽהּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
7

כּוֹס זָהָ֤ב בָּבֶל֙ בְּיַד יְהוָ֔ה מְשַׁכֶּ֖רֶת כָּל הָאָ֑רֶץ מִיֵּינָהּ֙ שָׁת֣וּ גוֹיִ֔ם עַל כֵּ֖ן יִתְהֹלְל֥וּ גוֹיִֽם

Babylon a golden cup in YHWH's hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'I will make drunk'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כּוֹסcup ofN c · כּוֹס (H3563)Construct chain (genitival)כּוֹס (H3563) 'cup of'.
זָהָ֤בgoldN c · זָהָב (H2091)Construct chain (genitival)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'.
בָּבֶל֙BabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
בְּיַדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מְשַׁכֶּ֖רֶתI will make drunkPiel ptc fs · שָׁכַר (H7937)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁכַר (H7937) 'I will make drunk'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
מִיֵּינָהּ֙wineprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'.
שָׁת֣וּto drinkQal perf 3cp · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'.
גוֹיִ֔םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֖ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יִתְהֹלְל֥וּand they praisedHithpael impf 3mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
גוֹיִֽםnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
8

פִּתְאֹ֛ם נָפְלָ֥ה בָבֶ֖ל וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֑ר הֵילִ֣ילוּ עָלֶ֗יהָ קְח֤וּ צֳרִי֙ לְמַכְאוֹבָ֔הּ אוּלַ֖י תֵּרָפֵֽא

Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed: howl for her; take balm for her pain, if so be she may be healed.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'fell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
פִּתְאֹ֛םsuddenlyart · פִּתְאֹם (H6597)Particle or relational elementפִּתְאֹם (H6597) 'suddenly'.
נָפְלָ֥הfellQal perf 3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַל (H5307) 'fell'.
בָבֶ֖לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֑רyou shall breakconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3fs · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁבַר (H7665) 'you shall break'.
הֵילִ֣ילוּ(make to) howlHiphil impv 2mp · יָלַל (H3213)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָלַל (H3213) '(make to) howl'.
עָלֶ֗יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
קְח֤וּtakeQal impv 2mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלָקַח (H3947) 'take'.
צֳרִי֙balmN c · צֳרִי (H6875)Construct chain (genitival)צֳרִי (H6875) 'balm'.
לְמַכְאוֹבָ֔הּtheir sufferingsprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · מַכְאוֹב (H4341)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַכְאוֹב (H4341) 'their sufferings'.
אוּלַ֖יperhapsart · אוּלַי (H194)Particle or relational elementאוּלַי (H194) 'perhaps'.
תֵּרָפֵֽאto be healedN · רָפָא (H7495)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָפָא (H7495) 'to be healed'.
9

רפאנו רִפִּ֣ינוּ אֶת בָּבֶל֙ וְלֹ֣א נִרְפָּ֔תָה עִזְב֕וּהָ וְנֵלֵ֖ךְ אִ֣ישׁ לְאַרְצ֑וֹ כִּֽי נָגַ֤ע אֶל הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ מִשְׁפָּטָ֔הּ וְנִשָּׂ֖א עַד שְׁחָקִֽים

We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed: forsake her, and let us go every one into his own country: for her judgment reacheth to heaven, and is lifted up to the skies.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to be healed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
רפאנוto be healedPiel perf 1cp · רָפָא (H7495)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָפָא (H7495) 'to be healed'.
רִפִּ֣ינוּto be healedPiel perf 1cp · רָפָא (H7495)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָפָא (H7495) 'to be healed'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
בָּבֶל֙BabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נִרְפָּ֔תָהto be healedN · רָפָא (H7495)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָפָא (H7495) 'to be healed'.
עִזְב֕וּהָyou forsakeQal impv 2mp + sfx 3fs · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
וְנֵלֵ֖ךְand we wentconj וְ + Qal impf 1cp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and we went'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
לְאַרְצ֑וֹthe landprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נָגַ֤עhe touchedQal perf 3ms · נָגַע (H5060)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַע (H5060) 'he touched'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙the heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
מִשְׁפָּטָ֔הּjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
וְנִשָּׂ֖אand he shall bearconj וְ + Niphal perf 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and he shall bear'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
שְׁחָקִֽיםthe cloudsN c · שַׁחַק (H7834)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַק (H7834) 'the clouds'.
10

הוֹצִ֥יא יְהוָ֖ה אֶת צִדְקֹתֵ֑ינוּ בֹּ֚אוּ וּנְסַפְּרָ֣ה בְצִיּ֔וֹן אֶֽת מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ

YHWH has brought forth our righteousness: come, and let us declare in Zion the work of YHWH our God.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he brought out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הוֹצִ֥יאhe brought outHiphil perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'he brought out'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
צִדְקֹתֵ֑ינוּrighteousnessN c · צְדָקָה (H6666)Construct chain (genitival)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'righteousness'.
בֹּ֚אוּcameQal impv 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
וּנְסַפְּרָ֣הand he recountedconj וְ + Piel cohortative 1cp · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalסָפַר (H5608) 'and he recounted'.
בְצִיּ֔וֹןZionprep + N proper · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מַעֲשֵׂ֖הthe work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵֽינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.
11

הָבֵ֣רוּ הַחִצִּים֮ מִלְא֣וּ הַשְּׁלָטִים֒ הֵעִ֣יר יְהוָ֗ה אֶת ר֨וּחַ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י כִּֽי עַל בָּבֶ֥ל מְזִמָּת֖וֹ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ כִּֽי נִקְמַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ הִ֔יא נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ

Make bright the arrows; gather the shields: YHWH has raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device against Babylon, to destroy it; because it the vengeance of YHWH, the vengeance of his temple.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'make bright'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
הָבֵ֣רוּmake brightHiphil impv 2mp · בָּרַר (H1305)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבָּרַר (H1305) 'make bright'.
הַחִצִּים֮my arrowsart + N com m pl abs · חֵץ (H2671)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵץ (H2671) 'my arrows'.
מִלְא֣וּthey have fully followedQal impv 2mp · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָלֵא (H4390) 'they have fully followed'.
הַשְּׁלָטִים֒shieldart + N com m pl abs · שֶׁלֶט (H7982)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁלֶט (H7982) 'shield'.
הֵעִ֣ירawakeHiphil perf 3ms · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
ר֨וּחַ֙a spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
מַלְכֵ֣יkings ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings of'.
מָדַ֔יand MadaiN · מָדַי (H4074)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָדַי (H4074) 'and Madai'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּבֶ֥לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
מְזִמָּת֖וֹ(wicked) deviceN c · מְזִמָּה (H4209)Construct chain (genitival)מְזִמָּה (H4209) '(wicked) device'.
לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּto destroyprep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 3fs · שָׁחַת (H7843)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to destroy'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִקְמַ֤תthe vengeance ofN c · נְקָמָה (H5360)Construct chain (genitival)נְקָמָה (H5360) 'the vengeance of'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הִ֔יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
נִקְמַ֖תthe vengeance ofN c · נְקָמָה (H5360)Construct chain (genitival)נְקָמָה (H5360) 'the vengeance of'.
הֵיכָלֽוֹpalaceN c · הֵיכָל (H1964)Construct chain (genitival)הֵיכָל (H1964) 'palace'.
12

אֶל חוֹמֹ֨ת בָּבֶ֜ל שְׂאוּ נֵ֗ס הַחֲזִ֨יקוּ֙ הַמִּשְׁמָ֔ר הָקִ֨ימוּ֙ שֹֽׁמְרִ֔ים הָכִ֖ינוּ הָאֹֽרְבִ֑ים כִּ֚י גַּם זָמַ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה גַּם עָשָׂ֕ה אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל

Set up the standard upon the walls of Babylon, make the watch strong, set up the watchmen, prepare the ambushes: for YHWH has both devised and done that which he spake against the inhabitants of Babylon.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'take up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
חוֹמֹ֨תthe wall ofN c · חוֹמָה (H2346)Construct chain (genitival)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'the wall of'.
בָּבֶ֜לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
שְׂאוּtake upQal impv 2mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָשָׂא (H5375) 'take up'.
נֵ֗סa poleN c · נֵס (H5251)Construct chain (genitival)נֵס (H5251) 'a pole'.
הַחֲזִ֨יקוּ֙be strongHiphil impv 2mp · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
הַמִּשְׁמָ֔רin custodyart + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁמָר (H4929)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁמָר (H4929) 'in custody'.
הָקִ֨ימוּ֙and he aroseHiphil impv 2mp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
שֹֽׁמְרִ֔יםkeepingQal ptc mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keeping'.
הָכִ֖ינוּprepareHiphil impv 2mp · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeכּוּן (H3559) 'prepare'.
הָאֹֽרְבִ֑יםlying in ambushart + Qal ptc mp · אָרַב (H693)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַב (H693) 'lying in ambush'.
כִּ֚יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
זָמַ֣םhe schemedQal perf 3ms · זָמַם (H2161)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָמַם (H2161) 'he schemed'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
עָשָׂ֕הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
אֵ֥ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
דִּבֶּ֖רspeakPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יֹשְׁבֵ֥יthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
בָבֶֽלBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
13

שכנתי שֹׁכַנְתְּ֙ עַל מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים רַבַּ֖ת אֽוֹצָרֹ֑ת בָּ֥א קִצֵּ֖ךְ אַמַּ֥ת בִּצְעֵֽךְ

O you that dwellest upon many waters, abundant in treasures, your end is come, the measure of your covetousness.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'to make dwell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
שכנתיto make dwellQal ptc fs · שָׁכַן (H7931)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to make dwell'.
שֹׁכַנְתְּ֙to make dwellQal ptc fs · שָׁכַן (H7931)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to make dwell'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מַ֣יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
רַבִּ֔יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
רַבַּ֖תmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
אֽוֹצָרֹ֑תthe treasury ofN c · אוֹצָר (H214)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹצָר (H214) 'the treasury of'.
בָּ֥אcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
קִצֵּ֖ךְat the end ofN c · קֵץ (H7093)Construct chain (genitival)קֵץ (H7093) 'at the end of'.
אַמַּ֥תcubitsN c · אַמָּה (H520)Construct chain (genitival)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubits'.
בִּצְעֵֽךְunjust gainN c · בֶּצַע (H1215)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּצַע (H1215) 'unjust gain'.
14

נִשְׁבַּ֛ע יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּנַפְשׁ֑וֹ כִּ֣י אִם מִלֵּאתִ֤יךְ אָדָם֙ כַּיֶּ֔לֶק וְעָנ֥וּ עָלַ֖יִךְ הֵידָֽד

YHWH of hosts has sworn by himself, , Surely I will fill you with men, as with caterpillers; and they shall lift up a shout against you.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he wholly followed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
נִשְׁבַּ֛עhe sworeN · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִשְׁבַּע (H7650) 'he swore'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
בְּנַפְשׁ֑וֹto his lifeprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'to his life'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
מִלֵּאתִ֤יךְhe wholly followedPiel perf 1cs + sfx 2fs · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלֵא (H4390) 'he wholly followed'.
אָדָם֙manN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
כַּיֶּ֔לֶקas / likeprep + art + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶק (H3218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶק (H3218) 'as / like'.
וְעָנ֥וּand they shall testifyconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · עָנָה (H6030)Particle or relational elementעָנָה (H6030) 'and they shall testify'.
עָלַ֖יִךְupon youprep + sfx 2fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
הֵידָֽדshoutN c · הֵידָד (H1959)Construct chain (genitival)הֵידָד (H1959) 'shout'.
15

עֹשֵׂ֥ה אֶ֨רֶץ֙ בְּכֹח֔וֹ מֵכִ֥ין תֵּבֵ֖ל בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנָת֖וֹ נָטָ֥ה שָׁמָֽיִם

He has made the earth by his power, he has established the world by his wisdom, and has stretched out the heaven by his understanding.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עֹשֵׂ֥הhe didQal ptc ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
אֶ֨רֶץ֙the land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
בְּכֹח֔וֹby his powerprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · כֹּחַ (H3581)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'by his power'.
מֵכִ֥יןreadyHiphil ptc ms · כּוּן (H3559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
תֵּבֵ֖לhabitable partN c · תֵּבֵל (H8398)Construct chain (genitival)תֵּבֵל (H8398) 'habitable part'.
בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹwisdomprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וּבִתְבוּנָת֖וֹand understandingconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'and understanding'.
נָטָ֥הstretch outQal perf 3ms · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
שָׁמָֽיִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
16

לְק֨וֹל תִּתּ֜וֹ הֲמ֥וֹן מַ֨יִם֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּ֥עַל נְשִׂאִ֖ים מִקְצֵה אָ֑רֶץ בְּרָקִ֤ים לַמָּטָר֙ עָשָׂ֔ה וַיֹּ֥צֵא ר֖וּחַ מֵאֹצְרֹתָֽיו

When he uttereth voice, a multitude of waters in the heavens; and he causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth: he maketh lightnings with rain, and bringeth forth the wind out of his treasures.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'his being given'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
לְק֨וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
תִּתּ֜וֹhis being givenQal inf constr + sfx 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָתַן (H5414) 'his being given'.
הֲמ֥וֹןmultitude ofN c · הָמוֹן (H1995)Construct chain (genitival)הָמוֹן (H1995) 'multitude of'.
מַ֨יִם֙waterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִםin the heavensprep + art + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'in the heavens'.
וַיַּ֥עַלand he went upconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) 'and he went up'.
נְשִׂאִ֖יםchiefsN c · נָשִׂיא (H5387)Construct chain (genitival)נָשִׂיא (H5387) 'chiefs'.
מִקְצֵהfrom the end ofprep + N com c sg constr · קָצֶה (H7097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָצֶה (H7097) 'from the end of'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
בְּרָקִ֤יםthe flash ofN c · בָּרָק (H1300)Construct chain (genitival)בָּרָק (H1300) 'the flash of'.
לַמָּטָר֙from the rain ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מָטָר (H4306)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָטָר (H4306) 'from the rain of'.
עָשָׂ֔הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
וַיֹּ֥צֵאand he went outconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
ר֖וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
מֵאֹצְרֹתָֽיוthe treasury ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אוֹצָר (H214)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹצָר (H214) 'the treasury of'.
17

נִבְעַ֤ר כָּל אָדָם֙ מִדַּ֔עַת הֹבִ֥ישׁ כָּל צֹרֵ֖ף מִפָּ֑סֶל כִּ֛י שֶׁ֥קֶר נִסְכּ֖וֹ וְלֹא ר֥וּחַ בָּֽם

Every man is brutish by knowledge; every founder is confounded by the graven image: for his molten image falsehood, and no breath in them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was dry'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
נִבְעַ֤רso you shall purgeN · בָּעַר (H1197)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּעַר (H1197) 'so you shall purge'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אָדָם֙manN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
מִדַּ֔עַתthe knowledge ofprep + N com f sg abs · דַּעַת (H1847)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּעַת (H1847) 'the knowledge of'.
הֹבִ֥ישׁwas dryHiphil perf 3ms · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
צֹרֵ֖ףandQal ptc ms · צָרַף (H6884)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַף (H6884) 'and'.
מִפָּ֑סֶלa carved imageprep + N com m sg abs · פֶּסֶל (H6459)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּסֶל (H6459) 'a carved image'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שֶׁ֥קֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
נִסְכּ֖וֹits drink offeringN c · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Construct chain (genitival)נֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'its drink offering'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
ר֥וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
בָּֽםagainst themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against them'.
18

הֶ֣בֶל הֵ֔מָּה מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה תַּעְתֻּעִ֑ים בְּעֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם יֹאבֵֽדוּ

They vanity, the work of errors: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'may they perish'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֶ֣בֶלwith their idolsN c · הֶבֶל (H1892)Construct chain (genitival)הֶבֶל (H1892) 'with their idols'.
הֵ֔מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
מַעֲשֵׂ֖הthe work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
תַּעְתֻּעִ֑יםerrorN c · תַּעְתֻּעַ (H8595)Construct chain (genitival)תַּעְתֻּעַ (H8595) 'error'.
בְּעֵ֥תat the timeprep + N com c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
פְּקֻדָּתָ֖םand the fate ofN c · פְּקֻדָּה (H6486)Construct chain (genitival)פְּקֻדָּה (H6486) 'and the fate of'.
יֹאבֵֽדוּmay they perishQal impf 3mp · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'may they perish'.
19

לֹֽא כְאֵ֜לֶּה חֵ֣לֶק יַעֲק֗וֹב כִּֽי יוֹצֵ֤ר הַכֹּל֙ ה֔וּא וְשֵׁ֖בֶט נַחֲלָת֑וֹ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ

The portion of Jacob not like them; for he the former of all things: and the rod of his inheritance: YHWH of hosts his name.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'formed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
כְאֵ֜לֶּהlike theseprep + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'like these'.
חֵ֣לֶקportionN c · חֵלֶק (H2506)Construct chain (genitival)חֵלֶק (H2506) 'portion'.
יַעֲק֗וֹבJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יוֹצֵ֤רformedQal ptc ms · יָצַר (H3335)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
הַכֹּל֙everythingart + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'everything'.
ה֔וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
וְשֵׁ֖בֶטthe tribe ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'the tribe of'.
נַחֲלָת֑וֹhis inheritanceN c · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Construct chain (genitival)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'his inheritance'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
שְׁמֽוֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
20

מַפֵּץ אַתָּ֣ה לִ֔י כְּלֵ֖י מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤י בְךָ֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֥י בְךָ֖ מַמְלָכֽוֹת

You my battle axe weapons of war: for with you will I break in pieces the nations, and with you will I destroy kingdoms;

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
מַפֵּץbattle axN c · מַפֵּץ (H4661)Construct chain (genitival)מַפֵּץ (H4661) 'battle ax'.
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
לִ֔יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
כְּלֵ֖יarticle ofN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'article of'.
מִלְחָמָ֑הwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤יwas spread abroadconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · נָפַץ (H5310)Particle or relational elementנָפַץ (H5310) 'was spread abroad'.
בְךָ֙among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
גּוֹיִ֔םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֥יto destroyconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · שָׁחַת (H7843)Particle or relational elementשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to destroy'.
בְךָ֖among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
מַמְלָכֽוֹתthe kingdoms ofN c · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Construct chain (genitival)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'the kingdoms of'.
21

וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ ס֖וּס וְרֹֽכְב֑וֹ וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ רֶ֖כֶב וְרֹכְבֽוֹ

And with you will I break in pieces the horse and his rider; and with you will I break in pieces the chariot and his rider;

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and its rider'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣יwas spread abroadconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · נָפַץ (H5310)Particle or relational elementנָפַץ (H5310) 'was spread abroad'.
בְךָ֔among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
ס֖וּסhorseN c · סוּס (H5483)Construct chain (genitival)סוּס (H5483) 'horse'.
וְרֹֽכְב֑וֹand its riderconj וְ + Qal ptc ms + sfx 3ms · רָכַב (H7392)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָכַב (H7392) 'and its rider'.
וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣יwas spread abroadconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · נָפַץ (H5310)Particle or relational elementנָפַץ (H5310) 'was spread abroad'.
בְךָ֔among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
רֶ֖כֶבchariots ofN c · רֶכֶב (H7393)Construct chain (genitival)רֶכֶב (H7393) 'chariots of'.
וְרֹכְבֽוֹand its riderconj וְ + Qal ptc ms + sfx 3ms · רָכַב (H7392)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָכַב (H7392) 'and its rider'.
22

וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤י בְךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֔ה וְנִפַּצְתִּ֥י בְךָ֖ זָקֵ֣ן וָנָ֑עַר וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ בָּח֖וּר וּבְתוּלָֽה

With you also will I break in pieces man and woman; and with you will I break in pieces old and young; and with you will I break in pieces the young man and the maid;

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤יwas spread abroadconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · נָפַץ (H5310)Particle or relational elementנָפַץ (H5310) 'was spread abroad'.
בְךָ֙among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וְאִשָּׁ֔הand a womanconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'and a woman'.
וְנִפַּצְתִּ֥יwas spread abroadconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · נָפַץ (H5310)Particle or relational elementנָפַץ (H5310) 'was spread abroad'.
בְךָ֖among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
זָקֵ֣ןoldAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'old'.
וָנָ֑עַרor the youngconj וְ + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'or the young'.
וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣יwas spread abroadconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · נָפַץ (H5310)Particle or relational elementנָפַץ (H5310) 'was spread abroad'.
בְךָ֔among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
בָּח֖וּרyoung manN c · בָּחוּר (H970)Construct chain (genitival)בָּחוּר (H970) 'young man'.
וּבְתוּלָֽהa virginconj וְ + N com f sg abs · בְּתוּלָה (H1330)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּתוּלָה (H1330) 'a virgin'.
23

וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤י בְךָ֙ רֹעֶ֣ה וְעֶדְר֔וֹ וְנִפַּצְתִּ֥י בְךָ֖ אִכָּ֣ר וְצִמְדּ֑וֹ וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣י בְךָ֔ פַּח֖וֹת וּסְגָנִֽים

I will also break in pieces with you the shepherd and his flock; and with you will I break in pieces the husbandman and his yoke of oxen; and with you will I break in pieces captains and rulers.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shepherding'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְנִפַּצְתִּ֤יwas spread abroadconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · נָפַץ (H5310)Particle or relational elementנָפַץ (H5310) 'was spread abroad'.
בְךָ֙among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
רֹעֶ֣הshepherdingQal ptc ms · רָעָה (H7462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
וְעֶדְר֔וֹdroveconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · עֵדֶר (H5739)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵדֶר (H5739) 'drove'.
וְנִפַּצְתִּ֥יwas spread abroadconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · נָפַץ (H5310)Particle or relational elementנָפַץ (H5310) 'was spread abroad'.
בְךָ֖among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
אִכָּ֣רhusbandmanN c · אִכָּר (H406)Construct chain (genitival)אִכָּר (H406) 'husbandman'.
וְצִמְדּ֑וֹyoke ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · צֶמֶד (H6776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶמֶד (H6776) 'yoke of'.
וְנִפַּצְתִּ֣יwas spread abroadconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · נָפַץ (H5310)Particle or relational elementנָפַץ (H5310) 'was spread abroad'.
בְךָ֔among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
פַּח֖וֹתcaptainN c · פֶּחָה (H6346)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּחָה (H6346) 'captain'.
וּסְגָנִֽיםprinceconj וְ + N com m pl abs · סָגָן (H5461)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָגָן (H5461) 'prince'.
24

וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֜ל וּלְכֹ֣ל יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֗ים אֵ֧ת כָּל רָעָתָ֛ם אֲשֶׁר עָשׂ֥וּ בְצִיּ֖וֹן לְעֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה

And I will render to Babylon and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight, says YHWH.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the inhabitants of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֨יhe shall payconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · שָׁלַם (H7999)Particle or relational elementשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
לְבָבֶ֜לBabelprep + N proper · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וּלְכֹ֣לand to allconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and to all'.
יוֹשְׁבֵ֣יthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
כַשְׂדִּ֗יםof the ChaldeansN · כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778) 'of the Chaldeans'.
אֵ֧ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
רָעָתָ֛םthe evilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשׂ֥וּthey didQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
בְצִיּ֖וֹןZionprep + N proper · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
לְעֵֽינֵיכֶ֑םbefore your eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 2mp · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'before your eyes'.
נְאֻ֖םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
25

הִנְנִ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ הַ֤ר הַמַּשְׁחִית֙ נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה הַמַּשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת כָּל הָאָ֑רֶץ וְנָטִ֨יתִי אֶת יָדִ֜י עָלֶ֗יךָ וְגִלְגַּלְתִּ֨יךָ֙ מִן הַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָ לְהַ֥ר שְׂרֵפָֽה

Behold, I against you, O destroying mountain, says YHWH, which destroyest all the earth: and I will stretch out mine hand upon you, and roll you down from the rocks, and will make you a burnt mountain.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the Destroyer'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
הִנְנִ֨יbehold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
אֵלֶ֜יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
הַ֤רMountN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'Mount'.
הַמַּשְׁחִית֙to destroyart + N com m sg abs · מַשְׁחִית (H4889)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַשְׁחִית (H4889) 'to destroy'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הַמַּשְׁחִ֖יתthe Destroyerart + Hiphil ptc ms · שָׁחַת (H7843)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁחַת (H7843) 'the Destroyer'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְנָטִ֨יתִיstretch outconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · נָטָה (H5186)Particle or relational elementנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יָדִ֜יmy handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
עָלֶ֗יךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
וְגִלְגַּלְתִּ֨יךָ֙rollconj וְ + l q 1cs + sfx 2ms · גָּלַל (H1556)Particle or relational elementגָּלַל (H1556) 'roll'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הַסְּלָעִ֔יםthe rockart + N com m pl abs · סֶלַע (H5553)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֶלַע (H5553) 'the rock'.
וּנְתַתִּ֖יךָand I will make youconj וְ + Qal q 1cs + sfx 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'and I will make you'.
לְהַ֥רof Mountprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'of Mount'.
שְׂרֵפָֽהburningN c · שְׂרֵפָה (H8316)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂרֵפָה (H8316) 'burning'.
26

וְלֹֽא יִקְח֤וּ מִמְּךָ֙ אֶ֣בֶן לְפִנָּ֔ה וְאֶ֖בֶן לְמֽוֹסָד֑וֹת כִּֽי שִׁמְמ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶ֖ה נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

And they shall not take of you a stone for a corner, nor a stone for foundations; but you shall be desolate for ever, says YHWH.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they shall take (marry)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִקְח֤וּthey shall take (marry)Qal impf 3mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָקַח (H3947) 'they shall take (marry)'.
מִמְּךָ֙from youprep + sfx 2ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from you'.
אֶ֣בֶןa stoneN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'a stone'.
לְפִנָּ֔הthe corners ofprep + N com f sg abs · פִּנָּה (H6438)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּנָּה (H6438) 'the corners of'.
וְאֶ֖בֶןand stoneconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אֶבֶן (H68)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבֶן (H68) 'and stone'.
לְמֽוֹסָד֑וֹתthe foundations ofprep + N com c pl abs · מוֹסָד (H4146)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹסָד (H4146) 'the foundations of'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שִׁמְמ֥וֹתa desolationN c · שְׁמָמָה (H8077)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁמָמָה (H8077) 'a desolation'.
עוֹלָ֛םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
תִּֽהְיֶ֖הshall beQal impf 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
27

שְׂאוּ נֵ֣ס בָּאָ֗רֶץ תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֤ר בַּגּוֹיִם֙ קַדְּשׁ֤וּ עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם הַשְׁמִ֧יעוּ עָלֶ֛יהָ מַמְלְכ֥וֹת אֲרָרַ֖ט מִנִּ֣י וְאַשְׁכְּנָ֑ז פִּקְד֤וּ עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ טִפְסָ֔ר הַֽעֲלוּ ס֖וּס כְּיֶ֥לֶק סָמָֽר

Set you up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the nations, prepare the nations against her, call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz; appoint a captain against her; cause the horses to come up as the rough caterpillers.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'take up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
שְׂאוּtake upQal impv 2mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָשָׂא (H5375) 'take up'.
נֵ֣סa poleN c · נֵס (H5251)Construct chain (genitival)נֵס (H5251) 'a pole'.
בָּאָ֗רֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
תִּקְע֨וּblewQal impv 2mp · תָּקַע (H8628)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeתָּקַע (H8628) 'blew'.
שׁוֹפָ֤רthe horn ofN c · שׁוֹפָר (H7782)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוֹפָר (H7782) 'the horn of'.
בַּגּוֹיִם֙among the nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'among the nations'.
קַדְּשׁ֤וּthey have become holyPiel impv 2mp · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָדַשׁ (H6942) 'they have become holy'.
עָלֶ֨יהָ֙on itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
גּוֹיִ֔םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
הַשְׁמִ֧יעוּand he heardHiphil impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
עָלֶ֛יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
מַמְלְכ֥וֹתthe kingdoms ofN c · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Construct chain (genitival)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'the kingdoms of'.
אֲרָרַ֖טAraratN · אֲרָרָט (H780)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲרָרָט (H780) 'Ararat'.
מִנִּ֣יMinniN · מִנִּי (H4508)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִנִּי (H4508) 'Minni'.
וְאַשְׁכְּנָ֑זAshkenazconj וְ + N proper · אַשְׁכֲּנַז (H813)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַשְׁכֲּנַז (H813) 'Ashkenaz'.
פִּקְד֤וּthey numberedQal impv 2mp · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּקַד (H6485) 'they numbered'.
עָלֶ֨יהָ֙on itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
טִפְסָ֔רcaptainN c · טִפְסַר (H2951)Construct chain (genitival)טִפְסַר (H2951) 'captain'.
הַֽעֲלוּhad brought upHiphil impv 2mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָלָה (H5927) 'had brought up'.
ס֖וּסhorseN c · סוּס (H5483)Construct chain (genitival)סוּס (H5483) 'horse'.
כְּיֶ֥לֶקas / likeprep + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶק (H3218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶק (H3218) 'as / like'.
סָמָֽרroughAdj · סָמָר (H5569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָמָר (H5569) 'rough'.
28

קַדְּשׁ֨וּ עָלֶ֤יהָ גוֹיִם֙ אֶת מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י אֶת פַּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת כָּל סְגָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל אֶ֥רֶץ מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ

Prepare against her the nations with the kings of the Medes, the captains thereof, and all the rulers thereof, and all the land of his dominion.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'they have become holy'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
קַדְּשׁ֨וּthey have become holyPiel impv 2mp · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָדַשׁ (H6942) 'they have become holy'.
עָלֶ֤יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
גוֹיִם֙nationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מַלְכֵ֣יkings ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings of'.
מָדַ֔יand MadaiN · מָדַי (H4074)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָדַי (H4074) 'and Madai'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
פַּחוֹתֶ֖יהָandN c · פֶּחָה (H6346)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּחָה (H6346) 'and'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
סְגָנֶ֑יהָprinceN c · סָגָן (H5461)Construct chain (genitival)סָגָן (H5461) 'prince'.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹfor the rule ofN c · מֶמְשֶׁלֶת (H4475)Construct chain (genitival)מֶמְשֶׁלֶת (H4475) 'for the rule of'.
29

וַתִּרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ וַתָּחֹ֑ל כִּ֣י קָ֤מָה עַל בָּבֶל֙ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת יְהוָ֔ה לָשׂ֞וּם אֶת אֶ֧רֶץ בָּבֶ֛ל לְשַׁמָּ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב

And the land shall tremble and sorrow: for every purpose of YHWH shall be performed against Babylon, to make the land of Babylon a desolation without an inhabitant.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'shook'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַתִּרְעַ֥שׁshookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · רָעַשׁ (H7493)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָעַשׁ (H7493) 'shook'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וַתָּחֹ֑לand be in anguishconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · חוּל (H2342)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחוּל (H2342) 'and be in anguish'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
קָ֤מָהarose / stood upQal perf 3fs · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקוּם (H6965) 'arose / stood up'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּבֶל֙BabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
מַחְשְׁב֣וֹתdesignsN c · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לָשׂ֞וּםto putprep + Qal inf constr · שִׂים (H7760)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשִׂים (H7760) 'to put'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֶ֧רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
בָּבֶ֛לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
לְשַׁמָּ֖הa horrorprep + N com f sg abs · שַׁמָּה (H8047)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁמָּה (H8047) 'a horror'.
מֵאֵ֥יןthere is notprep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
יוֹשֵֽׁבdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
30

חָדְלוּ֩ גִבּוֹרֵ֨י בָבֶ֜ל לְהִלָּחֵ֗ם יָֽשְׁבוּ֙ בַּמְּצָד֔וֹת נָשְׁתָ֥ה גְבוּרָתָ֖ם הָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים הִצִּ֥יתוּ מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יהָ נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ בְרִיחֶֽיהָ

The mighty men of Babylon have forborn to fight, they have remained in holds: their might has failed; they became as women: they have burned her dwellingplaces; her bars are broken.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'ceased'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
חָדְלוּ֩ceasedQal perf 3cp · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָדַל (H2308) 'ceased'.
גִבּוֹרֵ֨יthe mighty men ofAdj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'the mighty men of'.
בָבֶ֜לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
לְהִלָּחֵ֗םto fightprep + Niphal inf constr · לָחַם (H3898)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָחַם (H3898) 'to fight'.
יָֽשְׁבוּ֙livedQal perf 3cp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָשַׁב (H3427) 'lived'.
בַּמְּצָד֔וֹתstrongholdprep + art + N com f pl abs · מְצַד (H4679)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְצַד (H4679) 'stronghold'.
נָשְׁתָ֥הfailQal perf 3fs · נָשַׁת (H5405)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשַׁת (H5405) 'fail'.
גְבוּרָתָ֖םand like your mighty actsN c · גְּבוּרָה (H1369)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּרָה (H1369) 'and like your mighty acts'.
הָי֣וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
לְנָשִׁ֑יםas wivesprep + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'as wives'.
הִצִּ֥יתוּand they set on fireHiphil perf 3cp · יָצַת (H3341)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצַת (H3341) 'and they set on fire'.
מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יהָthe tabernacleN c · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'the tabernacle'.
נִשְׁבְּר֥וּyou shall breakN · שָׁבַר (H7665)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁבַר (H7665) 'you shall break'.
בְרִיחֶֽיהָbarsN c · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִיחַ (H1280) 'bars'.
31

רָ֤ץ לִקְרַאת רָץ֙ יָר֔וּץ וּמַגִּ֖יד לִקְרַ֣את מַגִּ֑יד לְהַגִּיד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּֽי נִלְכְּדָ֥ה עִיר֖וֹ מִקָּצֶֽה

One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to shew the king of Babylon that his city is taken at end,

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'ran'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
רָ֤ץranQal ptc ms · רוּץ (H7323)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּץ (H7323) 'ran'.
לִקְרַאתto meetprep + Qal inf constr · קָרָא (H7125)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7125) 'to meet'.
רָץ֙ranQal ptc ms · רוּץ (H7323)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּץ (H7323) 'ran'.
יָר֔וּץand he ranQal impf 3ms · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
וּמַגִּ֖ידand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil ptc ms · נָגַד (H5046)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
לִקְרַ֣אתto meetprep + Qal inf constr · קָרָא (H7125)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7125) 'to meet'.
מַגִּ֑ידone declaringHiphil ptc ms · נָגַד (H5046)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַד (H5046) 'one declaring'.
לְהַגִּיד֙to tellprep + Hiphil inf constr · נָגַד (H5046)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָגַד (H5046) 'to tell'.
לְמֶ֣לֶךְto the king ofprep + N com m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
בָּבֶ֔לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִלְכְּדָ֥הand was takenN · לָכַד (H3920)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָכַד (H3920) 'and was taken'.
עִיר֖וֹhis cityN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'his city'.
מִקָּצֶֽהfrom the end ofprep + N com c sg abs · קָצֶה (H7097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָצֶה (H7097) 'from the end of'.
32

וְהַמַּעְבָּר֣וֹת נִתְפָּ֔שׂוּ וְאֶת הָאֲגַמִּ֖ים שָׂרְפ֣וּ בָאֵ֑שׁ וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה נִבְהָֽלוּ

And that the passages are stopped, and the reeds they have burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they burned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְהַמַּעְבָּר֣וֹתthe fords ofconj וְ + art + N com f pl abs · מַעֲבָר (H4569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲבָר (H4569) 'the fords of'.
נִתְפָּ֔שׂוּto capture itN · תָּפַשׂ (H8610)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּפַשׂ (H8610) 'to capture it'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הָאֲגַמִּ֖יםthe poolsart + N com m pl abs · אֲגַם (H98)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲגַם (H98) 'the pools'.
שָׂרְפ֣וּthey burnedQal perf 3cp · שָׂרַף (H8313)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂרַף (H8313) 'they burned'.
בָאֵ֑שׁwith fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'with fire'.
וְאַנְשֵׁ֥יand the men ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and the men of'.
הַמִּלְחָמָ֖הthe warart + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'the war'.
נִבְהָֽלוּwere dismayedN · בָּהַל (H926)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּהַל (H926) 'were dismayed'.
33

כִּי֩ כֹ֨ה אָמַ֜ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּת בָּבֶ֕ל כְּגֹ֖רֶן עֵ֣ת הִדְרִיכָ֑הּ ע֣וֹד מְעַ֔ט וּבָ֥אָה עֵֽת הַקָּצִ֖יר לָֽהּ

For thus says YHWH of hosts, the God of Israel; The daughter of Babylon like a threshingfloor, time to thresh her: yet a little while, and the time of her harvest shall come.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֹ֨הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֜רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָאוֹת֙of troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
בַּתdaughter ofN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
בָּבֶ֕לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
כְּגֹ֖רֶןthe threshing floorprep + N com c sg abs · גֹּרֶן (H1637)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֹּרֶן (H1637) 'the threshing floor'.
עֵ֣תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
הִדְרִיכָ֑הּhe trodHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 3fs · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
ע֣וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
מְעַ֔טa littleN c · מְעַט (H4592)Construct chain (genitival)מְעַט (H4592) 'a little'.
וּבָ֥אָהand they cameconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Particle or relational elementבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
עֵֽתtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
הַקָּצִ֖ירthe harvestart + N com m sg abs · קָצִיר (H7105)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָצִיר (H7105) 'the harvest'.
לָֽהּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
34

אכלנו אֲכָלַ֣נִי הממנו הֲמָמַ֗נִי נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֮ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶל֒ הציגנו הִצִּיגַ֨נִי֙ כְּלִ֣י רִ֔יק בלענו בְּלָעַ֨נִי֙ כַּתַּנִּ֔ין מִלָּ֥א כְרֵשׂ֖וֹ מֵֽעֲדָנָ֑י הדיחנו הֱדִיחָֽנִי

Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon has devoured me, he has crushed me, he has made me an empty vessel, he has swallowed me up like a dragon, he has filled his belly with my delicates, he has cast me out.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you shall eat'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
אכלנוyou shall eatQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
אֲכָלַ֣נִיconsumed meQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'consumed me'.
הממנוand he threw them into confusionQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cp · הָמַם (H2000)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָמַם (H2000) 'and he threw them into confusion'.
הֲמָמַ֗נִיand he threw them into confusionQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · הָמַם (H2000)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָמַם (H2000) 'and he threw them into confusion'.
נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֮NebuchadnezzarN · נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (H5019)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (H5019) 'Nebuchadnezzar'.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
בָּבֶל֒BabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
הציגנוto setHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cp · יָצַג (H3322)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצַג (H3322) 'to set'.
הִצִּיגַ֨נִי֙to setHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · יָצַג (H3322)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצַג (H3322) 'to set'.
כְּלִ֣יarticle ofN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'article of'.
רִ֔יקin vainN c · רִיק (H7385)Construct chain (genitival)רִיק (H7385) 'in vain'.
בלענוand it swallowedQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cp · בָּלַע (H1104)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּלַע (H1104) 'and it swallowed'.
בְּלָעַ֨נִי֙and it swallowedQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · בָּלַע (H1104)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּלַע (H1104) 'and it swallowed'.
כַּתַּנִּ֔יןserpentsprep + art + N com m sg abs · תַּנִּין (H8577)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּנִּין (H8577) 'serpents'.
מִלָּ֥אhe wholly followedPiel perf 3ms · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלֵא (H4390) 'he wholly followed'.
כְרֵשׂ֖וֹbellyN c · כְּרֵשׂ (H3770)Construct chain (genitival)כְּרֵשׂ (H3770) 'belly'.
מֵֽעֲדָנָ֑יdelightprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · עֶדְנָה (H5730)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶדְנָה (H5730) 'delight'.
הדיחנוcast outHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cp · דּוּחַ (H1740)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדּוּחַ (H1740) 'cast out'.
הֱדִיחָֽנִיcast outHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · דּוּחַ (H1740)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדּוּחַ (H1740) 'cast out'.
35

חֲמָסִ֤י וּשְׁאֵרִי֙ עַל בָּבֶ֔ל תֹּאמַ֖ר יֹשֶׁ֣בֶת צִיּ֑וֹן וְדָמִי֙ אֶל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֔ים תֹּאמַ֖ר יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם

The violence done to me and to my flesh upon Babylon, shall the inhabitant of Zion say; and my blood upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall say'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
חֲמָסִ֤יmy wrongN c · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'my wrong'.
וּשְׁאֵרִי֙the close relative ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · שְׁאֵר (H7607)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאֵר (H7607) 'the close relative of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּבֶ֔לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
תֹּאמַ֖רyou shall sayQal impf 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'you shall say'.
יֹשֶׁ֣בֶתdid you sitQal ptc fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'did you sit'.
צִיּ֑וֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
וְדָמִי֙the bloodconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'the blood'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יֹשְׁבֵ֣יthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
כַשְׂדִּ֔יםof the ChaldeansN · כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778) 'of the Chaldeans'.
תֹּאמַ֖רyou shall sayQal impf 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'you shall say'.
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽםJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
36

לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִי רָב֙ אֶת רִיבֵ֔ךְ וְנִקַּמְתִּ֖י אֶת נִקְמָתֵ֑ךְ וְהַחֲרַבְתִּי֙ אֶת יַמָּ֔הּ וְהֹבַשְׁתִּ֖י אֶת מְקוֹרָֽהּ

Therefore thus says YHWH; Behold, I will plead your cause, and take vengeance for you; and I will dry up her sea, and make her springs dry.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
לָכֵ֗ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
כֹּ֚הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הִנְנִיbehold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
רָב֙and quarreledQal ptc ms · רִיב (H7378)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרִיב (H7378) 'and quarreled'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
רִיבֵ֔ךְdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
וְנִקַּמְתִּ֖יhe shall be punishedconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · נָקַם (H5358)Particle or relational elementנָקַם (H5358) 'he shall be punished'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נִקְמָתֵ֑ךְthe vengeance ofN c · נְקָמָה (H5360)Construct chain (genitival)נְקָמָה (H5360) 'the vengeance of'.
וְהַחֲרַבְתִּי֙had dried upconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · חָרַב (H2717)Particle or relational elementחָרַב (H2717) 'had dried up'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יַמָּ֔הּwestwardN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'westward'.
וְהֹבַשְׁתִּ֖יwas dryconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Particle or relational elementיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מְקוֹרָֽהּfrom the source ofN c · מָקוֹר (H4726)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹר (H4726) 'from the source of'.
37

וְהָיְתָה֩ בָבֶ֨ל לְגַלִּ֧ים מְעוֹן תַּנִּ֛ים שַׁמָּ֥ה וּשְׁרֵקָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב

And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwellingplace for dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing, without an inhabitant.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and it shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְהָיְתָה֩and it shall beconj וְ + Qal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
בָבֶ֨לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
לְגַלִּ֧יםthe heapprep + N com m pl abs · גַּל (H1530)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּל (H1530) 'the heap'.
מְעוֹןfrom the dwelling ofN c · מָעוֹן (H4583)Construct chain (genitival)מָעוֹן (H4583) 'from the dwelling of'.
תַּנִּ֛יםserpentsN c · תַּנִּין (H8577)Construct chain (genitival)תַּנִּין (H8577) 'serpents'.
שַׁמָּ֥הa horrorN c · שַׁמָּה (H8047)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁמָּה (H8047) 'a horror'.
וּשְׁרֵקָ֖הandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · שְׁרֵקָה (H8322)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁרֵקָה (H8322) 'and'.
מֵאֵ֥יןthere is notprep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
יוֹשֵֽׁבdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
38

יַחְדָּ֖ו כַּכְּפִרִ֣ים יִשְׁאָ֑גוּ נָעֲר֖וּ כְּגוֹרֵ֥י אֲרָיֽוֹת

They shall roar together like lions: they shall yell as lions' whelps.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'roar'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יַחְדָּ֖וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
כַּכְּפִרִ֣יםyoung lionprep + art + N com m pl abs · כְּפִיר (H3715)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּפִיר (H3715) 'young lion'.
יִשְׁאָ֑גוּroarQal impf 3mp · שָׁאַג (H7580)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁאַג (H7580) 'roar'.
נָעֲר֖וּyellQal perf 3cp · נָעַר (H5286)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָעַר (H5286) 'yell'.
כְּגוֹרֵ֥יas / likeprep + N com m pl constr · גּוֹר (H1484)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹר (H1484) 'as / like'.
אֲרָיֽוֹתa lionN c · אַרְיֵה (H738)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
39

בְּחֻמָּ֞ם אָשִׁ֣ית אֶת מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֗ם וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים֙ לְמַ֣עַן יַעֲלֹ֔זוּ וְיָשְׁנ֥וּ שְׁנַת עוֹלָ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה

In their heat I will make their feasts, and I will make them drunken, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, says YHWH.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'in the heat of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
בְּחֻמָּ֞םin the heat ofprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3mp · חֹם (H2527)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחֹם (H2527) 'in the heat of'.
אָשִׁ֣יתI will putQal impf 1cs · שִׁית (H7896)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׁית (H7896) 'I will put'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֗םa feastN c · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'a feast'.
וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים֙I will make drunkconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs + sfx 3mp · שָׁכַר (H7937)Particle or relational elementשָׁכַר (H7937) 'I will make drunk'.
לְמַ֣עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
יַעֲלֹ֔זוּbe joyfulQal impf 3mp · עָלַז (H5937)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלַז (H5937) 'be joyful'.
וְיָשְׁנ֥וּand grow long settledconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · יָשַׁן (H3462)Particle or relational elementיָשַׁן (H3462) 'and grow long settled'.
שְׁנַתfrom his sleepN c · שֵׁנָה (H8142)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁנָה (H8142) 'from his sleep'.
עוֹלָ֖םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָקִ֑יצוּariseHiphil impf 3mp · קוּץ (H6974)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּץ (H6974) 'arise'.
נְאֻ֖םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
40

אֽוֹרִידֵ֖ם כְּכָרִ֣ים לִטְב֑וֹחַ כְּאֵילִ֖ים עִם עַתּוּדִֽים

I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with he goats.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and went down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֽוֹרִידֵ֖םand went downHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
כְּכָרִ֣יםlambsprep + N com m pl abs · כַּר (H3733)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּר (H3733) 'lambs'.
לִטְב֑וֹחַslaughteredprep + Qal inf constr · טָבַח (H2873)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementטָבַח (H2873) 'slaughtered'.
כְּאֵילִ֖יםramsprep + N com m pl abs · אַיִל (H352)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַיִל (H352) 'rams'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
עַתּוּדִֽיםhe-goatsN c · עַתּוּד (H6260)Construct chain (genitival)עַתּוּד (H6260) 'he-goats'.
41

אֵ֚יךְ נִלְכְּדָ֣ה שֵׁשַׁ֔ךְ וַתִּתָּפֵ֖שׂ תְּהִלַּ֣ת כָּל הָאָ֑רֶץ אֵ֣יךְ הָיְתָ֧ה לְשַׁמָּ֛ה בָּבֶ֖ל בַּגּוֹיִֽם

How is Sheshach taken! and how is the praise of the whole earth surprised! how is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations!

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'to capture it'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אֵ֚יךְhowinterrog. · אֵיכָה (H349)Particle or relational elementאֵיכָה (H349) 'how'.
נִלְכְּדָ֣הand was takenN · לָכַד (H3920)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָכַד (H3920) 'and was taken'.
שֵׁשַׁ֔ךְSheshachN · שֵׁשַׁךְ (H8347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁשַׁךְ (H8347) 'Sheshach'.
וַתִּתָּפֵ֖שׂto capture itconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3fs · תָּפַשׂ (H8610)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceתָּפַשׂ (H8610) 'to capture it'.
תְּהִלַּ֣תin praiseworthy deeds,N c · תְּהִלָּה (H8416)Construct chain (genitival)תְּהִלָּה (H8416) 'in praiseworthy deeds,'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
אֵ֣יךְhowinterrog. · אֵיכָה (H349)Particle or relational elementאֵיכָה (H349) 'how'.
הָיְתָ֧הwasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
לְשַׁמָּ֛הa horrorprep + N com f sg abs · שַׁמָּה (H8047)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁמָּה (H8047) 'a horror'.
בָּבֶ֖לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
בַּגּוֹיִֽםamong the nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'among the nations'.
42

עָלָ֥ה עַל בָּבֶ֖ל הַיָּ֑ם בַּהֲמ֥וֹן גַּלָּ֖יו נִכְסָֽתָה

The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'go up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עָלָ֥הgo upQal perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'go up'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּבֶ֖לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
הַיָּ֑םthe seaart + N com m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָם (H3220) 'the sea'.
בַּהֲמ֥וֹןmultitude ofprep + N com m sg constr · הָמוֹן (H1995)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמוֹן (H1995) 'multitude of'.
גַּלָּ֖יוthe heapN c · גַּל (H1530)Construct chain (genitival)גַּל (H1530) 'the heap'.
נִכְסָֽתָהthat coversN · כָּסָה (H3680)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּסָה (H3680) 'that covers'.
43

הָי֤וּ עָרֶ֨יהָ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה אֶ֖רֶץ צִיָּ֣ה וַעֲרָבָ֑ה אֶ֗רֶץ לֹֽא יֵשֵׁ֤ב בָּהֵן֙ כָּל אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא יַעֲבֹ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן בֶּן אָדָֽם

Her cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a land wherein no man dwelleth, neither does son of man pass thereby.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
הָי֤וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
עָרֶ֨יהָ֙its citiesN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'its cities'.
לְשַׁמָּ֔הa horrorprep + N com f sg abs · שַׁמָּה (H8047)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁמָּה (H8047) 'a horror'.
אֶ֖רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
צִיָּ֣הbarrenN c · צִיָּה (H6723)Construct chain (genitival)צִיָּה (H6723) 'barren'.
וַעֲרָבָ֑הin the plains ofconj וְ + N com f sg abs · עֲרָבָה (H6160)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲרָבָה (H6160) 'in the plains of'.
אֶ֗רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יֵשֵׁ֤בdwellingQal impf 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
בָּהֵן֙with themprep + sfx 3fpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'with them'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אִ֔ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יַעֲבֹ֥רpasses throughQal impf 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַר (H5674) 'passes through'.
בָּהֵ֖ןin themprep + sfx 3fp · בָּהֵן (H2004)Particle or relational elementבָּהֵן (H2004) 'in them'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אָדָֽםmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
44

וּפָקַדְתִּ֨י עַל בֵּ֜ל בְּבָבֶ֗ל וְהֹצֵאתִ֤י אֶת בִּלְעוֹ֙ מִפִּ֔יו וְלֹֽא יִנְהֲר֥וּ אֵלָ֛יו ע֖וֹד גּוֹיִ֑ם גַּם חוֹמַ֥ת בָּבֶ֖ל נָפָֽלָה

And I will punish Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth out of his mouth that which he has swallowed up: and the nations shall not flow together any more to him: yea, the wall of Babylon shall fall.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וּפָקַדְתִּ֨יtheir mustered (men)conj וְ + Qal q 1cs · פָּקַד (H6485)Particle or relational elementפָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בֵּ֜לBelN · בֵּל (H1078)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּל (H1078) 'Bel'.
בְּבָבֶ֗לBabelprep + N proper · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וְהֹצֵאתִ֤יand went outconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · יָצָא (H3318)Particle or relational elementיָצָא (H3318) 'and went out'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
בִּלְעוֹ֙devouringN c · בֶּלַע (H1105)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּלַע (H1105) 'devouring'.
מִפִּ֔יוfrom his mouthprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'from his mouth'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִנְהֲר֥וּandQal impf 3mp · נָהַר (H5102)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָהַר (H5102) 'and'.
אֵלָ֛יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
ע֖וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
גּוֹיִ֑םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
חוֹמַ֥תthe wall ofN c · חוֹמָה (H2346)Construct chain (genitival)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'the wall of'.
בָּבֶ֖לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
נָפָֽלָהfellQal perf 3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַל (H5307) 'fell'.
45

צְא֤וּ מִתּוֹכָהּ֙ עַמִּ֔י וּמַלְּט֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת נַפְשׁ֑וֹ מֵחֲר֖וֹן אַף יְהוָֽה

My people, go you out of the midst of her, and deliver you every man his soul from the fierce anger of YHWH.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'go out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
צְא֤וּgo outQal impv 2mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָצָא (H3318) 'go out'.
מִתּוֹכָהּ֙in the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
עַמִּ֔יmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
וּמַלְּט֖וּand he escapedconj וְ + Piel impv 2mp · מָלַט (H4422)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָלַט (H4422) 'and he escaped'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נַפְשׁ֑וֹhis soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
מֵחֲר֖וֹןfrom the burning ofprep + N com m sg constr · חָרוֹן (H2740)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָרוֹן (H2740) 'from the burning of'.
אַףthe anger ofparticle · אַף (H639)Particle or relational elementאַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
46

וּפֶן יֵרַ֤ךְ לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְתִֽירְא֔וּ בַּשְּׁמוּעָ֖ה הַנִּשְׁמַ֣עַת בָּאָ֑רֶץ וּבָ֧א בַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁמוּעָ֗ה וְאַחֲרָ֤יו בַּשָּׁנָה֙ הַשְּׁמוּעָ֔ה וְחָמָ֣ס בָּאָ֔רֶץ וּמֹשֵׁ֖ל עַל מֹשֵֽׁל

And lest your heart faint, and you fear for the rumour that shall be heard in the land; a rumour shall both come year, and after that in year a rumour, and violence in the land, ruler against ruler.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'let it be soft'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וּפֶןand lestconj וְ + conj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'and lest'.
יֵרַ֤ךְlet it be softQal impf 3ms · רָכַךְ (H7401)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָכַךְ (H7401) 'let it be soft'.
לְבַבְכֶם֙your heartN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'your heart'.
וְתִֽירְא֔וּfearconj וְ + Qal impf 2mp · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
בַּשְּׁמוּעָ֖הbruitprep + art + N com f sg abs · שְׁמוּעָה (H8052)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמוּעָה (H8052) 'bruit'.
הַנִּשְׁמַ֣עַתand he heardart + Niphal ptc fs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
בָּאָ֑רֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
וּבָ֧אand he shall comeconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Particle or relational elementבּוֹא (H935) 'and he shall come'.
בַשָּׁנָ֣הin the yearprep + art + N com f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'in the year'.
הַשְּׁמוּעָ֗הbruitart + N com f sg abs · שְׁמוּעָה (H8052)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמוּעָה (H8052) 'bruit'.
וְאַחֲרָ֤יוand after itconj וְ + prep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'and after it'.
בַּשָּׁנָה֙in the yearprep + art + N com f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'in the year'.
הַשְּׁמוּעָ֔הbruitart + N com f sg abs · שְׁמוּעָה (H8052)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמוּעָה (H8052) 'bruit'.
וְחָמָ֣סviolenceconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חָמָס (H2555)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
בָּאָ֔רֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
וּמֹשֵׁ֖לand rulerconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'and ruler'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מֹשֵֽׁלrulingQal ptc ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
47

לָכֵן֙ הִנֵּ֣ה יָמִ֣ים בָּאִ֔ים וּפָקַדְתִּי֙ עַל פְּסִילֵ֣י בָבֶ֔ל וְכָל אַרְצָ֖הּ תֵּב֑וֹשׁ וְכָל חֲלָלֶ֖יהָ יִפְּל֥וּ בְתוֹכָֽהּ

Therefore, behold, the days come, that I will do judgment upon the graven images of Babylon: and her whole land shall be confounded, and all her slain shall fall in the midst of her.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'are entering'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
לָכֵן֙thereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
הִנֵּ֣הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
יָמִ֣יםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
בָּאִ֔יםare enteringQal ptc mp · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'are entering'.
וּפָקַדְתִּי֙their mustered (men)conj וְ + Qal q 1cs · פָּקַד (H6485)Particle or relational elementפָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פְּסִילֵ֣יthe carved images ofN c · פֶּסֶל (H6456)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּסֶל (H6456) 'the carved images of'.
בָבֶ֔לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
אַרְצָ֖הּto the groundN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'to the ground'.
תֵּב֑וֹשׁwere ashamedQal impf 3fs · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
חֲלָלֶ֖יהָthe slainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'the slain'.
יִפְּל֥וּshall fallQal impf 3mp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָפַל (H5307) 'shall fall'.
בְתוֹכָֽהּin its midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in its midst'.
48

וְרִנְּנ֤וּ עַל בָּבֶל֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָאָ֔רֶץ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּהֶ֑ם כִּ֧י מִצָּפ֛וֹן יָבוֹא לָ֥הּ הַשּׁוֹדְדִ֖ים נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

Then the heaven and the earth, and all that therein, shall sing for Babylon: for the spoilers shall come to her from the north, says YHWH.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he may come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְרִנְּנ֤וּshout for joyconj וְ + Piel q 3cp · רָנַן (H7442)Particle or relational elementרָנַן (H7442) 'shout for joy'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּבֶל֙BabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
שָׁמַ֣יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
וָאָ֔רֶץand earthconj וְ + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'and earth'.
וְכֹ֖לand allconj וְ + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בָּהֶ֑םin themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in them'.
כִּ֧יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִצָּפ֛וֹןnorth ofprep + N com f sg abs · צָפוֹן (H6828)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָפוֹן (H6828) 'north of'.
יָבוֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
לָ֥הּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
הַשּׁוֹדְדִ֖יםruinedart + Qal ptc mp · שָׁדַד (H7703)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
49

גַּם בָּבֶ֕ל לִנְפֹּ֖ל חַֽלְלֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל גַּם לְבָבֶ֥ל נָפְל֖וּ חַֽלְלֵ֥י כָל הָאָֽרֶץ

As Babylon the slain of Israel to fall, so at Babylon shall fall the slain of all the earth.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to fall'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
בָּבֶ֕לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
לִנְפֹּ֖לto fallprep + Qal inf constr · נָפַל (H5307)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָפַל (H5307) 'to fall'.
חַֽלְלֵ֣יthe slainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'the slain'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
לְבָבֶ֥לBabelprep + N proper · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
נָפְל֖וּhave fallenQal perf 3cp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַל (H5307) 'have fallen'.
חַֽלְלֵ֥יthe slainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'the slain'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
50

פְּלֵטִ֣ים מֵחֶ֔רֶב הִלְכ֖וּ אַֽל תַּעֲמֹ֑דוּ זִכְר֤וּ מֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אֶת יְהוָ֔ה וִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם תַּעֲלֶ֥ה עַל לְבַבְכֶֽם

You that have escaped the sword, go away, stand not still: remember YHWH afar off, and let Jerusalem come into your mind.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'walked'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
פְּלֵטִ֣יםthe fugitiveN c · פָּלִיט (H6412)Construct chain (genitival)פָּלִיט (H6412) 'the fugitive'.
מֵחֶ֔רֶבfrom the sword ofprep + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'from the sword of'.
הִלְכ֖וּwalkedQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H1980) 'walked'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּעֲמֹ֑דוּstandQal jussive 2mp · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָמַד (H5975) 'stand'.
זִכְר֤וּand you shall rememberQal impv 2mp · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'and you shall remember'.
מֵֽרָחוֹק֙from far awayprep + Adj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'from far away'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֖םJerusalemconj וְ + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
תַּעֲלֶ֥הyou offer upQal impf 3fs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'you offer up'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
לְבַבְכֶֽםyour heartN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'your heart'.
51

בֹּ֚שְׁנוּ כִּֽי שָׁמַ֣עְנוּ חֶרְפָּ֔ה כִּסְּתָ֥ה כְלִמָּ֖ה פָּנֵ֑ינוּ כִּ֚י בָּ֣אוּ זָרִ֔ים עַֽל מִקְדְּשֵׁ֖י בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה

We are confounded, because we have heard reproach: shame has covered our faces: for strangers are come into the sanctuaries of YHWH's house.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'were ashamed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
בֹּ֚שְׁנוּwere ashamedQal perf 1cp · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שָׁמַ֣עְנוּwe have heardQal perf 1cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'we have heard'.
חֶרְפָּ֔הa reproachN c · חֶרְפָּה (H2781)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרְפָּה (H2781) 'a reproach'.
כִּסְּתָ֥הshe had coveredPiel perf 3fs · כָּסָה (H3680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּסָה (H3680) 'she had covered'.
כְלִמָּ֖הtoN c · כְּלִמָּה (H3639)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִמָּה (H3639) 'to'.
פָּנֵ֑ינוּbeforeN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
כִּ֚יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בָּ֣אוּcameQal perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
זָרִ֔יםan outsiderAdj · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מִקְדְּשֵׁ֖יmy sanctuaryN c · מִקְדָּשׁ (H4720)Construct chain (genitival)מִקְדָּשׁ (H4720) 'my sanctuary'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
52

לָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּֽה יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה וּפָקַדְתִּ֖י עַל פְּסִילֶ֑יהָ וּבְכָל אַרְצָ֖הּ יֶאֱנֹ֥ק חָלָֽל

Wherefore, behold, the days come, says YHWH, that I will do judgment upon her graven images: and through all her land the wounded shall groan.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'are entering'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
לָכֵ֞ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
הִנֵּֽהbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
יָמִ֤יםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
בָּאִים֙are enteringQal ptc mp · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'are entering'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּפָקַדְתִּ֖יtheir mustered (men)conj וְ + Qal q 1cs · פָּקַד (H6485)Particle or relational elementפָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פְּסִילֶ֑יהָthe carved imagesN c · פֶּסֶל (H6456)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּסֶל (H6456) 'the carved images'.
וּבְכָלand with allconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and with all'.
אַרְצָ֖הּto the groundN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'to the ground'.
יֶאֱנֹ֥קcryQal impf 3ms · אָנַק (H602)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָנַק (H602) 'cry'.
חָלָֽלa slain manAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'a slain man'.
53

כִּֽי תַעֲלֶ֤ה בָבֶל֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְכִ֥י תְבַצֵּ֖ר מְר֣וֹם עֻזָּ֑הּ מֵאִתִּ֗י יָבֹ֧אוּ שֹׁדְדִ֛ים לָ֖הּ נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, from me shall spoilers come to her, says YHWH.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you offer up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תַעֲלֶ֤הyou offer upQal impf 3fs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'you offer up'.
בָבֶל֙BabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
הַשָּׁמַ֔יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
וְכִ֥יand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'and if'.
תְבַצֵּ֖רyou gatherPiel impf 3fs · בָּצוּר (H1219)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּצוּר (H1219) 'you gather'.
מְר֣וֹםthe heights ofN c · מָרוֹם (H4791)Construct chain (genitival)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
עֻזָּ֑הּstrengthN c · עֹז (H5797)Construct chain (genitival)עֹז (H5797) 'strength'.
מֵאִתִּ֗יfrom meprep + prep + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'from me'.
יָבֹ֧אוּshall go inQal impf 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'shall go in'.
שֹׁדְדִ֛יםruinedQal ptc mp · שָׁדַד (H7703)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
לָ֖הּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
54

ק֥וֹל זְעָקָ֖ה מִבָּבֶ֑ל וְשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּד֖וֹל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּֽים

A sound of a cry from Babylon, and great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans:

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ק֥וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
זְעָקָ֖הoutcry ofN c · זַעֲקָה (H2201)Construct chain (genitival)זַעֲקָה (H2201) 'outcry of'.
מִבָּבֶ֑לBabelprep + N proper · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וְשֶׁ֥בֶרa fracture ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֶׁבֶר (H7667)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבֶר (H7667) 'a fracture of'.
גָּד֖וֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
מֵאֶ֥רֶץfrom the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'from the land of'.
כַּשְׂדִּֽיםof the ChaldeansN · כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778) 'of the Chaldeans'.
55

כִּֽי שֹׁדֵ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת בָּבֶ֔ל וְאִבַּ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נָּה ק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל וְהָמ֤וּ גַלֵּיהֶם֙ כְּמַ֣יִם רַבִּ֔ים נִתַּ֥ן שְׁא֖וֹן קוֹלָֽם

Because YHWH has spoiled Babylon, and destroyed out of her the great voice; when her waves do roar like great waters, a noise of their voice is uttered:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'ruined'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שֹׁדֵ֤דruinedQal ptc ms · שָׁדַד (H7703)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
בָּבֶ֔לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וְאִבַּ֥דyour perishingconj וְ + Piel q 3ms · אָבַד (H6)Particle or relational elementאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
מִמֶּ֖נָּהof one piece with itprep + sfx 3fs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of one piece with it'.
ק֣וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
גָּד֑וֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
וְהָמ֤וּclamorousconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · הָמָה (H1993)Particle or relational elementהָמָה (H1993) 'clamorous'.
גַלֵּיהֶם֙the heapN c · גַּל (H1530)Construct chain (genitival)גַּל (H1530) 'the heap'.
כְּמַ֣יִםlike waterprep + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'like water'.
רַבִּ֔יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
נִתַּ֥ןis givingN · נָתַן (H5414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
שְׁא֖וֹןhorribleN c · שָׁאוֹן (H7588)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁאוֹן (H7588) 'horrible'.
קוֹלָֽםtheir voiceN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'their voice'.
56

כִּי֩ בָ֨א עָלֶ֤יהָ עַל בָּבֶל֙ שׁוֹדֵ֔ד וְנִלְכְּדוּ֙ גִּבּוֹרֶ֔יהָ חִתְּתָ֖ה קַשְּׁתוֹתָ֑ם כִּ֣י אֵ֧ל גְּמֻל֛וֹת יְהוָ֖ה שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם

Because the spoiler is come upon her, upon Babylon, and her mighty men are taken, every one of their bows is broken: for YHWH God of recompences shall surely requite.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בָ֨אcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
עָלֶ֤יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּבֶל֙BabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
שׁוֹדֵ֔דruinedQal ptc ms · שָׁדַד (H7703)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
וְנִלְכְּדוּ֙and was takenconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · לָכַד (H3920)Particle or relational elementלָכַד (H3920) 'and was taken'.
גִּבּוֹרֶ֔יהָmightyAdj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
חִתְּתָ֖הbe dismayedPiel perf 3fs · חָתַת (H2865)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָתַת (H2865) 'be dismayed'.
קַשְּׁתוֹתָ֑םa bowN c · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Construct chain (genitival)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'a bow'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֧לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
גְּמֻל֛וֹתdeedN c · גְּמוּלָה (H1578)Construct chain (genitival)גְּמוּלָה (H1578) 'deed'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
שַׁלֵּ֥םhe shall surelyPiel inf abs · שָׁלַם (H7999)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall surely'.
יְשַׁלֵּֽםhe shall payPiel impf 3ms · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
57

וְ֠הִשְׁכַּרְתִּי שָׂרֶ֨יהָ וַחֲכָמֶ֜יהָ פַּחוֹתֶ֤יהָ וּסְגָנֶ֨יהָ֙ וְגִבּוֹרֶ֔יהָ וְיָשְׁנ֥וּ שְׁנַת עוֹלָ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ נְאֻ֨ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ

And I will make drunk her princes, and her wise , her captains, and her rulers, and her mighty men: and they shall sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, says the King, whose name YHWH of hosts.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'arise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְ֠הִשְׁכַּרְתִּיI will make drunkconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · שָׁכַר (H7937)Particle or relational elementשָׁכַר (H7937) 'I will make drunk'.
שָׂרֶ֨יהָchief ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
וַחֲכָמֶ֜יהָwise [of]conj וְ + Adj + sfx 3fs · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
פַּחוֹתֶ֤יהָandN c · פֶּחָה (H6346)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּחָה (H6346) 'and'.
וּסְגָנֶ֨יהָ֙princeconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3fs · סָגָן (H5461)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָגָן (H5461) 'prince'.
וְגִבּוֹרֶ֔יהָmightyconj וְ + Adj + sfx 3fs · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
וְיָשְׁנ֥וּand grow long settledconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · יָשַׁן (H3462)Particle or relational elementיָשַׁן (H3462) 'and grow long settled'.
שְׁנַתfrom his sleepN c · שֵׁנָה (H8142)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁנָה (H8142) 'from his sleep'.
עוֹלָ֖םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָקִ֑יצוּariseHiphil impf 3mp · קוּץ (H6974)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּץ (H6974) 'arise'.
נְאֻ֨םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
שְׁמֽוֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
58

כֹּֽה אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת חֹ֠מוֹת בָּבֶ֤ל הָֽרְחָבָה֙ עַרְעֵ֣ר תִּתְעַרְעָ֔ר וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ הַגְּבֹהִ֖ים בָּאֵ֣שׁ יִצַּ֑תּוּ וְיִֽגְע֨וּ עַמִּ֧ים בְּדֵי רִ֛יק וּלְאֻמִּ֥ים בְּדֵי אֵ֖שׁ וְיָעֵֽפוּ

Thus says YHWH of hosts; The broad walls of Babylon shall be utterly broken, and her high gates shall be burned with fire; and the people shall labour in vain, and the folk in the fire, and they shall be weary.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
כֹּֽהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֞רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֗וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
חֹ֠מוֹתthe city-wallN c · חוֹמָה (H2346)Construct chain (genitival)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'the city-wall'.
בָּבֶ֤לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
הָֽרְחָבָה֙broad ofart + Adj · רָחָב (H7342)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחָב (H7342) 'broad of'.
עַרְעֵ֣רmake barel inf abs · עָרַר (H6209)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionעָרַר (H6209) 'make bare'.
תִּתְעַרְעָ֔רmake baref impf 3fs · עָרַר (H6209)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָרַר (H6209) 'make bare'.
וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָthe gate ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3fs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate of'.
הַגְּבֹהִ֖יםthe high onesart + Adj · גָּבֹהַ (H1364)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּבֹהַ (H1364) 'the high ones'.
בָּאֵ֣שׁwith fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'with fire'.
יִצַּ֑תּוּand they set on fireQal impf 3mp · יָצַת (H3341)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצַת (H3341) 'and they set on fire'.
וְיִֽגְע֨וּyou laboredconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · יָגַע (H3021)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָגַע (H3021) 'you labored'.
עַמִּ֧יםpeoplesN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'peoples'.
בְּדֵיthan enough forprep + N com m sg constr · דַּי (H1767)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּי (H1767) 'than enough for'.
רִ֛יקin vainN c · רִיק (H7385)Construct chain (genitival)רִיק (H7385) 'in vain'.
וּלְאֻמִּ֥יםpeoplesconj וְ + N com m pl abs · לְאֹם (H3816)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְאֹם (H3816) 'peoples'.
בְּדֵיthan enough forprep + N com m sg constr · דַּי (H1767)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּי (H1767) 'than enough for'.
אֵ֖שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
וְיָעֵֽפוּwearyconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · יָעַף (H3286)Particle or relational elementיָעַף (H3286) 'weary'.
59

הַדָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר צִוָּ֣ה יִרְמְיָ֣הוּ הַנָּבִ֗יא אֶת שְׂרָיָ֣ה בֶן נֵרִיָּה֮ בֶּן מַחְסֵיָה֒ בְּלֶכְתּ֞וֹ אֶת צִדְקִיָּ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ יְהוּדָה֙ בָּבֶ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֥ת הָרְבִעִ֖ית לְמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׂרָיָ֖ה שַׂ֥ר מְנוּחָֽה

The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah, the son of Maaseiah, when he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah into Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. And Seraiah a quiet prince.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'commanded'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
הַדָּבָ֞רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
צִוָּ֣הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) 'commanded'.
יִרְמְיָ֣הוּJeremiahN · יִרְמְיָה (H3414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִרְמְיָה (H3414) 'Jeremiah'.
הַנָּבִ֗יאthe prophetart + N com m sg abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'the prophet'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
שְׂרָיָ֣הandN · שְׂרָיָה (H8304)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂרָיָה (H8304) 'and'.
בֶןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
נֵרִיָּה֮NeriahN · נֵרִיָּה (H5374)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֵרִיָּה (H5374) 'Neriah'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
מַחְסֵיָה֒MaaseiahN · מַחְסֵיָה (H4271)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַחְסֵיָה (H4271) 'Maaseiah'.
בְּלֶכְתּ֞וֹand he wentprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
צִדְקִיָּ֤הוּZedekiahN · צִדְקִיָּה (H6667)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִדְקִיָּה (H6667) 'Zedekiah'.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
יְהוּדָה֙JudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
בָּבֶ֔לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
בִּשְׁנַ֥תin the year ofprep + N com f sg constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'in the year of'.
הָרְבִעִ֖יתthe fourthart + Adj · רְבִיעִי (H7243)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְבִיעִי (H7243) 'the fourth'.
לְמָלְכ֑וֹand reignedprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · מָלַךְ (H4427)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמָלַךְ (H4427) 'and reigned'.
וּשְׂרָיָ֖הandconj וְ + N proper · שְׂרָיָה (H8304)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂרָיָה (H8304) 'and'.
שַׂ֥רchief ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
מְנוּחָֽהa resting placeN c · מְנוּחָה (H4496)Construct chain (genitival)מְנוּחָה (H4496) 'a resting place'.
60

וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב יִרְמְיָ֗הוּ אֵ֧ת כָּל הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר תָּב֥וֹא אֶל בָּבֶ֖ל אֶל סֵ֣פֶר אֶחָ֑ד אֵ֚ת כָּל הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה הַכְּתֻבִ֖ים אֶל בָּבֶֽל

So Jeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that should come upon Babylon, all these words that are written against Babylon.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he wrote'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיִּכְתֹּ֣בand he wroteconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · כָּתַב (H3789)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּתַב (H3789) 'and he wrote'.
יִרְמְיָ֗הוּJeremiahN · יִרְמְיָה (H3414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִרְמְיָה (H3414) 'Jeremiah'.
אֵ֧ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָרָעָ֛הthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
תָּב֥וֹאyou comeQal impf 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בָּבֶ֖לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
סֵ֣פֶרthe book ofN c · סֵפֶר (H5612)Construct chain (genitival)סֵפֶר (H5612) 'the book of'.
אֶחָ֑דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
אֵ֚ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַדְּבָרִ֣יםthe wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
הָאֵ֔לֶּהtheseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
הַכְּתֻבִ֖יםand he wroteart + Qal ptc mp · כָּתַב (H3789)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּתַב (H3789) 'and he wrote'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בָּבֶֽלBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
61

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ אֶל שְׂרָיָ֑ה כְּבֹאֲךָ֣ בָבֶ֔ל וְֽרָאִ֔יתָ וְֽקָרָ֔אתָ אֵ֥ת כָּל הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה

And Jeremiah said to Seraiah, When you comest to Babylon, and shall see, and shall read all these words;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יִרְמְיָ֖הוּJeremiahN · יִרְמְיָה (H3414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִרְמְיָה (H3414) 'Jeremiah'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שְׂרָיָ֑הandN · שְׂרָיָה (H8304)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂרָיָה (H8304) 'and'.
כְּבֹאֲךָ֣and they cameprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
בָבֶ֔לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וְֽרָאִ֔יתָand you seeconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Particle or relational elementרָאָה (H7200) 'and you see'.
וְֽקָרָ֔אתָand you shall callconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · קָרָא (H7121)Particle or relational elementקָרָא (H7121) 'and you shall call'.
אֵ֥ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַדְּבָרִ֖יםthe wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
הָאֵֽלֶּהtheseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
62

וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ יְהוָה֙ אַתָּ֨ה דִבַּ֜רְתָּ אֶל הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ לְהַכְרִית֔וֹ לְבִלְתִּ֤י הֱיֽוֹת בּוֹ֙ יוֹשֵׁ֔ב לְמֵאָדָ֖ם וְעַד בְּהֵמָ֑ה כִּֽי שִׁמְמ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ם תִּֽהְיֶֽה

Then shall you say, O YHWH, you have spoken against this place, to cut it off, that none shall remain in it, neither man nor beast, but that it shall be desolate for ever.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have spoken'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְאָמַרְתָּ֗and you shall sayconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and you shall say'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אַתָּ֨הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
דִבַּ֜רְתָּyou have spokenPiel perf 2ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'you have spoken'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַמָּק֤וֹםthe placeart + N com m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'the place'.
הַזֶּה֙thisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
לְהַכְרִית֔וֹshall be cut offprep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 3ms · כָּרַת (H3772)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכָּרַת (H3772) 'shall be cut off'.
לְבִלְתִּ֤יso as not toprep + conj וְ · בִּלְתִּי (H1115)Particle or relational elementבִּלְתִּי (H1115) 'so as not to'.
הֱיֽוֹתthere beingQal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'there being'.
בּוֹ֙in itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
יוֹשֵׁ֔בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
לְמֵאָדָ֖םmanprep + prep + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
וְעַדand toconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'and to'.
בְּהֵמָ֑הbeastN c · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Construct chain (genitival)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'beast'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שִׁמְמ֥וֹתa desolationN c · שְׁמָמָה (H8077)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁמָמָה (H8077) 'a desolation'.
עוֹלָ֖םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
תִּֽהְיֶֽהshall beQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
63

וְהָיָה֙ כְּכַלֹּ֣תְךָ֔ לִקְרֹ֖א אֶת הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה תִּקְשֹׁ֤ר עָלָיו֙ אֶ֔בֶן וְהִשְׁלַכְתּ֖וֹ אֶל תּ֥וֹךְ פְּרָֽת

And it shall be, when you have made an end of reading this book, you shall bind a stone to it, and cast it into the midst of Euphrates:

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he finished'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְהָיָה֙and it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
כְּכַלֹּ֣תְךָ֔and he finishedprep + Piel inf constr + sfx 2ms · כָּלָה (H3615)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכָּלָה (H3615) 'and he finished'.
לִקְרֹ֖אto callprep + Qal inf constr · קָרָא (H7121)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7121) 'to call'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַסֵּ֣פֶרthe book ofart + N com m sg abs · סֵפֶר (H5612)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֵפֶר (H5612) 'the book of'.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
תִּקְשֹׁ֤רand you shall bindQal impf 2ms · קָשַׁר (H7194)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָשַׁר (H7194) 'and you shall bind'.
עָלָיו֙on itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
אֶ֔בֶןa stoneN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'a stone'.
וְהִשְׁלַכְתּ֖וֹand he threw [it]conj וְ + Hiphil q 2ms + sfx 3ms · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Particle or relational elementשָׁלַךְ (H7993) 'and he threw [it]'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
תּ֥וֹךְthe midst ofN c · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Construct chain (genitival)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'the midst of'.
פְּרָֽתEuphratesN · פְּרָת (H6578)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּרָת (H6578) 'Euphrates'.
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וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ כָּ֠כָה תִּשְׁקַ֨ע בָּבֶ֤ל וְלֹֽא תָקוּם֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָרָעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מֵבִ֥יא עָלֶ֖יהָ וְיָעֵ֑פוּ עַד הֵ֖נָּה דִּבְרֵ֥י יִרְמְיָֽהוּ

And you shall say, Thus shall Babylon sink, and shall not rise from the evil that I will bring upon her: and they shall be weary. Thus far the words of Jeremiah.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and it subsided'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְאָמַרְתָּ֗and you shall sayconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and you shall say'.
כָּ֠כָהthusart · כָּכָה (H3602)Particle or relational elementכָּכָה (H3602) 'thus'.
תִּשְׁקַ֨עand it subsidedQal impf 3fs · שָׁקַע (H8257)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁקַע (H8257) 'and it subsided'.
בָּבֶ֤לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תָקוּם֙you shall riseQal impf 3fs · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'you shall rise'.
מִפְּנֵ֣יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
הָרָעָ֗הthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
אָנֹכִ֛יIpron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
מֵבִ֥יאam bringingHiphil ptc ms · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'am bringing'.
עָלֶ֖יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
וְיָעֵ֑פוּwearyconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · יָעַף (H3286)Particle or relational elementיָעַף (H3286) 'weary'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הֵ֖נָּהhereart · הֵנָּה (H2008)Particle or relational elementהֵנָּה (H2008) 'here'.
דִּבְרֵ֥יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
יִרְמְיָֽהוּJeremiahN · יִרְמְיָה (H3414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִרְמְיָה (H3414) 'Jeremiah'.