Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Jeremiah, Chapter 4ירמיהו 4

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Jeremiah 4 (31 verses in the MT) opens: If you will return, O Israel, says YHWH, return to me: and if you will put away your abominations out of my sight, then shall you not remove. The middle of the chapter continues: Make you mention to the nations; behold, publish against Jerusalem, watchers come from a far country, and give out their voice against the cities of Judah. It closes: For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, the anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child, the voice of the daughter of Zion, bewaileth herself, spreadeth her hands, , Woe me now! for my soul is.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Jeremiah 4 comprises 31 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-7) — If you will return, O Israel, says YHWH, return to me: and if you will p. If you will return, O Israel, says YHWH, return to me: and if you will put away your abominations out of my sight, then shall you not remove. And you shall swear, YHWH liveth, in truth, in judgment, and in righteousness; and the nations shall bless themselves in him, and in him shall they glory. For thus says YHWH to the men of Judah and Jerusalem, Break up. Movement II (vv. 8-14) — For this gird you with sackcloth, lament and howl: for the fierce anger. For this gird you with sackcloth, lament and howl: for the fierce anger of YHWH is not turned back from us. And it shall come to pass at that day, says YHWH, the heart of the king shall perish, and the heart of the princes; and the priests shall be astonished, and the prophets shall wonder. Then said I, Ah, Lord YHWH! surely you have greatly deceived this. Movement III (vv. 15-21) — For a voice declareth from Dan, and publisheth affliction from mount Eph. For a voice declareth from Dan, and publisheth affliction from mount Ephraim. Make you mention to the nations; behold, publish against Jerusalem, watchers come from a far country, and give out their voice against the cities of Judah. As keepers of a field, are they against her round about; because she has been rebellious against me, says YHWH. Your way and. Movement IV (vv. 22-28) — For my people foolish, they have not known me; they sottish children, an. For my people foolish, they have not known me; they sottish children, and they have none understanding: they wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge. I beheld the earth, and, lo, without form, and void; and the heavens, and they no light. I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved lightly. I beheld, and, lo, no. Movement V (vv. 29-31) — The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen; they. The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen; they shall go into thickets, and climb up upon the rocks: every city forsaken, and not a man dwell therein. And you spoiled, what will you do? Though you clothest thyself with crimson, though you deckest you with ornaments of gold, though you rentest your face with painting, in vain shall. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

אִם תָּשׁ֨וּב יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל נְאֻם יְהוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י תָּשׁ֑וּב וְאִם תָּסִ֧יר שִׁקּוּצֶ֛יךָ מִפָּנַ֖י וְלֹ֥א תָנֽוּד

If you will return, O Israel, says YHWH, return to me: and if you will put away your abominations out of my sight, then shall you not remove.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall return'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תָּשׁ֨וּבyou shall returnQal impf 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'you shall return'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֧לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֵלַ֖יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
תָּשׁ֑וּבyou shall returnQal impf 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'you shall return'.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
תָּסִ֧ירhe shall remove itHiphil impf 2ms · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסוּר (H5493) 'he shall remove it'.
שִׁקּוּצֶ֛יךָtheir detestable thingsN c · שִׁקּוּץ (H8251)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁקּוּץ (H8251) 'their detestable things'.
מִפָּנַ֖יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 1cs · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תָנֽוּדand fugitiveQal impf 2ms · נָד (H5110)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָד (H5110) 'and fugitive'.
2

וְנִשְׁבַּ֨עְתָּ֙ חַי יְהוָ֔ה בֶּאֱמֶ֖ת בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט וּבִצְדָקָ֑ה וְהִתְבָּ֥רְכוּ ב֛וֹ גּוֹיִ֖ם וּב֥וֹ יִתְהַלָּֽלוּ

And you shall swear, YHWH liveth, in truth, in judgment, and in righteousness; and the nations shall bless themselves in him, and in him shall they glory.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְנִשְׁבַּ֨עְתָּ֙he sworeconj וְ + Niphal q 2ms · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Particle or relational elementנִשְׁבַּע (H7650) 'he swore'.
חַיaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בֶּאֱמֶ֖תtrueprep + N com f sg abs · אֱמֶת (H571)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱמֶת (H571) 'true'.
בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣טin judgmentprep + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'in judgment'.
וּבִצְדָקָ֑הrighteousnessconj וְ + prep + N com f sg abs · צְדָקָה (H6666)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'righteousness'.
וְהִתְבָּ֥רְכוּwill bless themselvesconj וְ + Hithpael q 3cp · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Particle or relational elementבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'will bless themselves'.
ב֛וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
גּוֹיִ֖םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
וּב֥וֹand to himconj וְ + prep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'and to him'.
יִתְהַלָּֽלוּand they praisedHithpael impf 3mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
3

כִּי כֹ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֗ה לְאִ֤ישׁ יְהוּדָה֙ וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם נִ֥ירוּ לָכֶ֖ם נִ֑יר וְאַֽל תִּזְרְע֖וּ אֶל קוֹצִֽים

For thus says YHWH to the men of Judah and Jerusalem, Break up your fallow ground, and sow not among thorns.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֹ֣הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהֹוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לְאִ֤ישׁto a manprep + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'to a man'.
יְהוּדָה֙JudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔םJerusalemconj וְ + prep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
נִ֥ירוּbreak upQal impv 2mp · נִיר (H5214)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנִיר (H5214) 'break up'.
לָכֶ֖םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
נִ֑ירfallow groundN c · נִיר (H5215)Construct chain (genitival)נִיר (H5215) 'fallow ground'.
וְאַֽלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תִּזְרְע֖וּshall you sowQal jussive 2mp · זָרַע (H2232)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalזָרַע (H2232) 'shall you sow'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
קוֹצִֽיםthornbushesN c · קוֹץ (H6975)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹץ (H6975) 'thornbushes'.
4

הִמֹּ֣לוּ לַיהֹוָ֗ה וְהָסִ֨רוּ֙ עָרְל֣וֹת לְבַבְכֶ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ יְהוּדָ֖ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם פֶּן תֵּצֵ֨א כָאֵ֜שׁ חֲמָתִ֗י וּבָעֲרָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין מְכַבֶּ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י רֹ֥עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶֽם

Circumcise yourselves to YHWH, and take away the foreskins of your heart, you men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem: lest my fury come forth like fire, and burn that none can quench , because of the evil of your doings.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'he shall remove it'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
הִמֹּ֣לוּshall be circumcisedN · מוּל (H4135)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוּל (H4135) 'shall be circumcised'.
לַיהֹוָ֗הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
וְהָסִ֨רוּ֙he shall remove itconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2mp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסוּר (H5493) 'he shall remove it'.
עָרְל֣וֹתhis foreskinN c · עָרְלָה (H6190)Construct chain (genitival)עָרְלָה (H6190) 'his foreskin'.
לְבַבְכֶ֔םyour heartN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'your heart'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
יְהוּדָ֖הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣יand the inhabitants ofconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and the inhabitants of'.
יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑םJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
תֵּצֵ֨אyou go outQal impf 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'you go out'.
כָאֵ֜שׁlike fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'like fire'.
חֲמָתִ֗יmy wrathN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'my wrath'.
וּבָעֲרָה֙so you shall purgeconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · בָּעַר (H1197)Particle or relational elementבָּעַר (H1197) 'so you shall purge'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מְכַבֶּ֔הit shall go outPiel ptc ms · כָּבָה (H3518)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּבָה (H3518) 'it shall go out'.
מִפְּנֵ֖יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
רֹ֥עַthe evil ofN c · רֹעַ (H7455)Construct chain (genitival)רֹעַ (H7455) 'the evil of'.
מַעַלְלֵיכֶֽםyour deedsN c · מַעֲלָל (H4611)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲלָל (H4611) 'your deeds'.
5

הַגִּ֣ידוּ בִֽיהוּדָ֗ה וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ הַשְׁמִ֔יעוּ וְאִמְר֕וּ ותקעו תִּקְע֥וּ שׁוֹפָ֖ר בָּאָ֑רֶץ קִרְא֤וּ מַלְאוּ֙ וְאִמְר֔וּ הֵאָסְפ֥וּ וְנָב֖וֹאָה אֶל עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָֽר

Declare you in Judah, and publish in Jerusalem; and say, Blow you the trumpet in the land: cry, gather together, and say, Assemble yourselves, and let us go into the defenced cities.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'tell'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
הַגִּ֣ידוּtellHiphil impv 2mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָגַד (H5046) 'tell'.
בִֽיהוּדָ֗הJudahprep + N proper · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙Jerusalemconj וְ + prep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
הַשְׁמִ֔יעוּand he heardHiphil impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
וְאִמְר֕וּand they will sayconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָמַר (H559) 'and they will say'.
ותקעוand blewconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · תָּקַע (H8628)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeתָּקַע (H8628) 'and blew'.
תִּקְע֥וּblewQal impv 2mp · תָּקַע (H8628)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeתָּקַע (H8628) 'blew'.
שׁוֹפָ֖רthe horn ofN c · שׁוֹפָר (H7782)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוֹפָר (H7782) 'the horn of'.
בָּאָ֑רֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
קִרְא֤וּand he calledQal impv 2mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
מַלְאוּ֙they have fully followedPiel impv 2mp · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeמָלֵא (H4390) 'they have fully followed'.
וְאִמְר֔וּand they will sayconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָמַר (H559) 'and they will say'.
הֵאָסְפ֥וּgather yourselvesN · אָסַף (H622)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָסַף (H622) 'gather yourselves'.
וְנָב֖וֹאָהand they cameconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עָרֵ֥יthe cities ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the cities of'.
הַמִּבְצָֽרfortificationart + N com m sg abs · מִבְצָר (H4013)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִבְצָר (H4013) 'fortification'.
6

שְׂאוּ נֵ֣ס צִיּ֔וֹנָה הָעִ֖יזוּ אַֽל תַּעֲמֹ֑דוּ כִּ֣י רָעָ֗ה אָנֹכִ֛י מֵבִ֥יא מִצָּפ֖וֹן וְשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּדֽוֹל

Set up the standard toward Zion: retire, stay not: for I will bring evil from the north, and a great destruction.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'take up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
שְׂאוּtake upQal impv 2mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָשָׂא (H5375) 'take up'.
נֵ֣סa poleN c · נֵס (H5251)Construct chain (genitival)נֵס (H5251) 'a pole'.
צִיּ֔וֹנָהZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
הָעִ֖יזוּbring to safetyHiphil impv 2mp · עוּז (H5756)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעוּז (H5756) 'bring to safety'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּעֲמֹ֑דוּstandQal jussive 2mp · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָמַד (H5975) 'stand'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
רָעָ֗הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
אָנֹכִ֛יIpron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
מֵבִ֥יאam bringingHiphil ptc ms · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'am bringing'.
מִצָּפ֖וֹןnorth ofprep + N com f sg abs · צָפוֹן (H6828)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָפוֹן (H6828) 'north of'.
וְשֶׁ֥בֶרa fracture ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֶׁבֶר (H7667)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבֶר (H7667) 'a fracture of'.
גָּדֽוֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
7

עָלָ֤ה אַרְיֵה֙ מִֽסֻּבְּכ֔וֹ וּמַשְׁחִ֣ית גּוֹיִ֔ם נָסַ֖ע יָצָ֣א מִמְּקֹמ֑וֹ לָשׂ֤וּם אַרְצֵךְ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה עָרַ֥יִךְ תִּצֶּ֖ינָה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב

The lion is come up from his thicket, and the destroyer of the Gentiles is on his way; he is gone forth from his place to make your land desolate; your cities shall be laid waste, without an inhabitant.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'go up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
עָלָ֤הgo upQal perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'go up'.
אַרְיֵה֙a lionN c · אַרְיֵה (H738)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
מִֽסֻּבְּכ֔וֹfromprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · סֹבֶךְ (H5441)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֹבֶךְ (H5441) 'from'.
וּמַשְׁחִ֣יתto destroyconj וְ + Hiphil ptc ms · שָׁחַת (H7843)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to destroy'.
גּוֹיִ֔םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
נָסַ֖עmarchingQal perf 3ms · נָסַע (H5265)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָסַע (H5265) 'marching'.
יָצָ֣אone going out (to)Qal perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
מִמְּקֹמ֑וֹfrom his placeprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'from his place'.
לָשׂ֤וּםto putprep + Qal inf constr · שִׂים (H7760)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשִׂים (H7760) 'to put'.
אַרְצֵךְ֙your landN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'your land'.
לְשַׁמָּ֔הa horrorprep + N com f sg abs · שַׁמָּה (H8047)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁמָּה (H8047) 'a horror'.
עָרַ֥יִךְyour citiesN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'your cities'.
תִּצֶּ֖ינָהfightingQal impf 3fp · נָצָה (H5327)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצָה (H5327) 'fighting'.
מֵאֵ֥יןthere is notprep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
יוֹשֵֽׁבdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
8

עַל זֹ֛את חִגְר֥וּ שַׂקִּ֖ים סִפְד֣וּ וְהֵילִ֑ילוּ כִּ֥י לֹא שָׁ֛ב חֲר֥וֹן אַף יְהֹוָ֖ה מִמֶּֽנּוּ

For this gird you with sackcloth, lament and howl: for the fierce anger of YHWH is not turned back from us.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'girded'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
זֹ֛אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
חִגְר֥וּgirdedQal impv 2mp · חָגַר (H2296)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָגַר (H2296) 'girded'.
שַׂקִּ֖יםsacksN c · שַׂק (H8242)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂק (H8242) 'sacks'.
סִפְד֣וּand they lamentedQal impv 2mp · סָפַד (H5594)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסָפַד (H5594) 'and they lamented'.
וְהֵילִ֑ילוּ(make to) howlconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2mp · יָלַל (H3213)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָלַל (H3213) '(make to) howl'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁ֛בreturn!Qal perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'return!'.
חֲר֥וֹןthe burning ofN c · חָרוֹן (H2740)Construct chain (genitival)חָרוֹן (H2740) 'the burning of'.
אַףthe anger ofparticle · אַף (H639)Particle or relational elementאַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
יְהֹוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִמֶּֽנּוּfrom itprep + sfx 1cp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
9

וְהָיָ֤ה בַיּוֹם הַהוּא֙ נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה יֹאבַ֥ד לֵב הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְלֵ֣ב הַשָּׂרִ֑ים וְנָשַׁ֨מּוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וְהַנְּבִיאִ֖ים יִתְמָֽהוּ

And it shall come to pass at that day, says YHWH, the heart of the king shall perish, and the heart of the princes; and the priests shall be astonished, and the prophets shall wonder.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'your perishing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהָיָ֤הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
בַיּוֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַהוּא֙thatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יֹאבַ֥דyour perishingQal impf 3ms · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
לֵבthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וְלֵ֣בhis heartconj וְ + N com m sg constr · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
הַשָּׂרִ֑יםchief ofart + N com m pl abs · שַׂר (H8269)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
וְנָשַׁ֨מּוּ֙and will be made desolateconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · שָׁמֵם (H8074)Particle or relational elementשָׁמֵם (H8074) 'and will be made desolate'.
הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔יםthe priestsart + N com m pl abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּהֵן (H3548) 'the priests'.
וְהַנְּבִיאִ֖יםa prophetconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
יִתְמָֽהוּand they marveledQal impf 3mp · תָּמַהּ (H8539)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּמַהּ (H8539) 'and they marveled'.
10

וָאֹמַ֞ר אֲהָ֣הּ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אָכֵן֩ הַשֵּׁ֨א הִשֵּׁ֜אתָ לָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ וְלִירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר שָׁל֖וֹם יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם וְנָגְעָ֥ה חֶ֖רֶב עַד הַנָּֽפֶשׁ

Then said I, Ah, Lord YHWH! surely you have greatly deceived this people and Jerusalem, saying, You shall have peace; whereas the sword reacheth to the soul.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וָאֹמַ֞רand I saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
אֲהָ֣הּAlas!particle · אֲהָהּ (H162)Particle or relational elementאֲהָהּ (H162) 'Alas!'.
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֗הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
אָכֵן֩surelyart · אָכֵן (H403)Particle or relational elementאָכֵן (H403) 'surely'.
הַשֵּׁ֨אdeceived meHiphil inf abs · נָשָׁא (H5377)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionנָשָׁא (H5377) 'deceived me'.
הִשֵּׁ֜אתָdeceived meHiphil perf 2ms · נָשָׁא (H5377)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשָׁא (H5377) 'deceived me'.
לָעָ֤םas a peopleprep + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'as a people'.
הַזֶּה֙thisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וְלִירוּשָׁלִַ֣םJerusalemconj וְ + prep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
שָׁל֖וֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
יִהְיֶ֣הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
לָכֶ֑םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
וְנָגְעָ֥הtouchesconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · נָגַע (H5060)Particle or relational elementנָגַע (H5060) 'touches'.
חֶ֖רֶבthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הַנָּֽפֶשׁthe personart + N com c sg abs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'the person'.
11

בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא יֵאָמֵ֤ר לָֽעָם הַזֶּה֙ וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם ר֣וּחַ צַ֤ח שְׁפָיִים֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר דֶּ֖רֶךְ בַּת עַמִּ֑י ל֥וֹא לִזְר֖וֹת וְל֥וֹא לְהָבַֽר

At that time shall it be said to this people and to Jerusalem, A dry wind of the high places in the wilderness toward the daughter of my people, not to fan, nor to cleanse,

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'I will scatter'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
בָּעֵ֣תat the timeprep + art + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
הַהִ֗יאthatart + pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יֵאָמֵ֤רhe saysN · אָמַר (H559)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
לָֽעָםas a peopleprep + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'as a people'.
הַזֶּה֙thisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וְלִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔םJerusalemconj וְ + prep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
ר֣וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
צַ֤חclearAdj · צַח (H6703)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַח (H6703) 'clear'.
שְׁפָיִים֙to a bare heightN c · שֶׁפִי (H8205)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁפִי (H8205) 'to a bare height'.
בַּמִּדְבָּ֔רin the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
דֶּ֖רֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
בַּתdaughter ofN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
עַמִּ֑יmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
ל֥וֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לִזְר֖וֹתI will scatterprep + Qal inf constr · זָרָה (H2219)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementזָרָה (H2219) 'I will scatter'.
וְל֥וֹאnotconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לְהָבַֽרmake brightprep + Hiphil inf constr · בָּרַר (H1305)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּרַר (H1305) 'make bright'.
12

ר֧וּחַ מָלֵ֛א מֵאֵ֖לֶּה יָ֣בוֹא לִ֑י עַתָּ֕ה גַּם אֲנִ֛י אֲדַבֵּ֥ר מִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים אוֹתָֽם

a full wind from those shall come to me: now also will I give sentence against them.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he may come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ר֧וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
מָלֵ֛אfull ofAdj · מָלֵא (H4392)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָלֵא (H4392) 'full of'.
מֵאֵ֖לֶּהof theseprep + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'of these'.
יָ֣בוֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
עַתָּ֕הnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אֲנִ֛יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
אֲדַבֵּ֥רI speakPiel impf 1cs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'I speak'.
מִשְׁפָּטִ֖יםjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
אוֹתָֽםthemobj marker + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'them'.
13

הִנֵּ֣ה כַּעֲנָנִ֣ים יַעֲלֶ֗ה וְכַסּוּפָה֙ מַרְכְּבוֹתָ֔יו קַלּ֥וּ מִנְּשָׁרִ֖ים סוּסָ֑יו א֥וֹי לָ֖נוּ כִּ֥י שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ

Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots as a whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us! for we are spoiled.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall go up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
הִנֵּ֣הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
כַּעֲנָנִ֣יםthe cloudprep + N com m pl abs · עָנָן (H6051)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנָן (H6051) 'the cloud'.
יַעֲלֶ֗הshall go upQal impf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'shall go up'.
וְכַסּוּפָה֙in Suphahconj וְ + prep + art + N com f sg abs · סוּפָה (H5492)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סוּפָה (H5492) 'in Suphah'.
מַרְכְּבוֹתָ֔יוhis chariotsN c · מֶרְכָּבָה (H4818)Construct chain (genitival)מֶרְכָּבָה (H4818) 'his chariots'.
קַלּ֥וּhad abatedQal perf 3cp · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָלַל (H7043) 'had abated'.
מִנְּשָׁרִ֖יםthe eagleprep + N com m pl abs · נֶשֶׁר (H5404)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶשֶׁר (H5404) 'the eagle'.
סוּסָ֑יוhorseN c · סוּס (H5483)Construct chain (genitival)סוּס (H5483) 'horse'.
א֥וֹיwoeparticle · אוֹי (H188)Particle or relational elementאוֹי (H188) 'woe'.
לָ֖נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּruinedPual perf 1cp · שָׁדַד (H7703)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
14

כַּבְּסִ֨י מֵרָעָ֤ה לִבֵּךְ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם לְמַ֖עַן תִּוָּשֵׁ֑עִי עַד מָתַ֛י תָּלִ֥ין בְּקִרְבֵּ֖ךְ מַחְשְׁב֥וֹת אוֹנֵֽךְ

O Jerusalem, wash your heart from wickedness, that you mayest be saved. How long shall your vain thoughts lodge within you?

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'he shall wash'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כַּבְּסִ֨יhe shall washPiel impv 2fs · כָּבַס (H3526)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeכָּבַס (H3526) 'he shall wash'.
מֵרָעָ֤הthe evilprep + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
לִבֵּךְ֙your heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔םJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
לְמַ֖עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
תִּוָּשֵׁ֑עִיone to saveN · יָשַׁע (H3467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
מָתַ֛יwheninterrog. · מָתַי (H4970)Particle or relational elementמָתַי (H4970) 'when'.
תָּלִ֥יןshall remain overnightQal impf 3fs · לוּן (H3885)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלוּן (H3885) 'shall remain overnight'.
בְּקִרְבֵּ֖ךְin your midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in your midst'.
מַחְשְׁב֥וֹתdesignsN c · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
אוֹנֵֽךְiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
15

כִּ֛י ק֥וֹל מַגִּ֖יד מִדָּ֑ן וּמַשְׁמִ֥יעַ אָ֖וֶן מֵהַ֥ר אֶפְרָֽיִם

For a voice declareth from Dan, and publisheth affliction from mount Ephraim.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'one declaring'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ק֥וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
מַגִּ֖ידone declaringHiphil ptc ms · נָגַד (H5046)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַד (H5046) 'one declaring'.
מִדָּ֑ןDanprep + N proper · דָּן (H1835)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּן (H1835) 'Dan'.
וּמַשְׁמִ֥יעַand he heardconj וְ + Hiphil ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
אָ֖וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
מֵהַ֥רfrom Mountprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'from Mount'.
אֶפְרָֽיִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
16

הַזְכִּ֣ירוּ לַגּוֹיִ֗ם הִנֵּה֙ הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ עַל יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם נֹצְרִ֥ים בָּאִ֖ים מֵאֶ֣רֶץ הַמֶּרְחָ֑ק וַֽיִּתְּנ֛וּ עַל עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה קוֹלָֽם

Make you mention to the nations; behold, publish against Jerusalem, watchers come from a far country, and give out their voice against the cities of Judah.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and you shall remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
הַזְכִּ֣ירוּand you shall rememberHiphil impv 2mp · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'and you shall remember'.
לַגּוֹיִ֗םinto nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'into nations'.
הִנֵּה֙beholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּand he heardHiphil impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔םJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
נֹצְרִ֥יםhe guarded himQal ptc mp · נָצַר (H5341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַר (H5341) 'he guarded him'.
בָּאִ֖יםare enteringQal ptc mp · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'are entering'.
מֵאֶ֣רֶץfrom the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'from the land of'.
הַמֶּרְחָ֑ק(a-art + N com m sg abs · מֶרְחָק (H4801)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶרְחָק (H4801) '(a-'.
וַֽיִּתְּנ֛וּand they gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'and they gave'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
עָרֵ֥יthe cities ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the cities of'.
יְהוּדָ֖הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
קוֹלָֽםtheir voiceN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'their voice'.
17

כְּשֹׁמְרֵ֣י שָׂדַ֔י הָי֥וּ עָלֶ֖יהָ מִסָּבִ֑יב כִּי אֹתִ֥י מָרָ֖תָה נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

As keepers of a field, are they against her round about; because she has been rebellious against me, says YHWH.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and you shall keep'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כְּשֹׁמְרֵ֣יand you shall keepprep + Qal ptc mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
שָׂדַ֔יthe fieldN c · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field'.
הָי֥וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
עָלֶ֖יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
מִסָּבִ֑יבfrom aroundprep + N com c sg abs · סָבִיב (H5439)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָבִיב (H5439) 'from around'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֹתִ֥יmeobj marker + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'me'.
מָרָ֖תָהyou rebelledQal perf 3fs · מָרָה (H4784)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָרָה (H4784) 'you rebelled'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
18

דַּרְכֵּךְ֙ וּמַ֣עֲלָלַ֔יִךְ עָשׂ֥וֹ אֵ֖לֶּה לָ֑ךְ זֹ֤את רָעָתֵךְ֙ כִּ֣י מָ֔ר כִּ֥י נָגַ֖ע עַד לִבֵּֽךְ

Your way and your doings have procured these to you; this your wickedness, because it is bitter, because it reacheth to your heart.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'they did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
דַּרְכֵּךְ֙your wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'your way'.
וּמַ֣עֲלָלַ֔יִךְyour deedsconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 2fs · מַעֲלָל (H4611)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲלָל (H4611) 'your deeds'.
עָשׂ֥וֹthey didQal inf abs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
לָ֑ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
זֹ֤אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
רָעָתֵךְ֙the evilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מָ֔רof bitternessAdj · מַר (H4751)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַר (H4751) 'of bitterness'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נָגַ֖עhe touchedQal perf 3ms · נָגַע (H5060)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַע (H5060) 'he touched'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
לִבֵּֽךְyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
19

מֵעַ֣י מֵעַ֨י אחולה אוֹחִ֜ילָה קִיר֥וֹת לִבִּ֛י הֹֽמֶה לִּ֥י לִבִּ֖י לֹ֣א אַחֲרִ֑ישׁ כִּ֣י ק֤וֹל שׁוֹפָר֙ שמעתי שָׁמַ֣עַתְּ נַפְשִׁ֔י תְּרוּעַ֖ת מִלְחָמָֽה

My bowels, my bowels! I am pained at my very heart; my heart maketh a noise in me; I cannot hold my peace, because you have heard, O my soul, the sound of the trumpet, the alarm of war.

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'and be in anguish'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
מֵעַ֣יfrom your bodyN c · מֵעֶה (H4578)Construct chain (genitival)מֵעֶה (H4578) 'from your body'.
מֵעַ֨יfrom your bodyN c · מֵעֶה (H4578)Construct chain (genitival)מֵעֶה (H4578) 'from your body'.
אחולהand be in anguishQal cohortative 1cs · חוּל (H2342)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalחוּל (H2342) 'and be in anguish'.
אוֹחִ֜ילָהand he waitedHiphil cohortative 1cs · יָחַל (H3176)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָחַל (H3176) 'and he waited'.
קִיר֥וֹתthe wallN c · קִיר (H7023)Construct chain (genitival)קִיר (H7023) 'the wall'.
לִבִּ֛יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
הֹֽמֶהclamorousQal ptc ms · הָמָה (H1993)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָמָה (H1993) 'clamorous'.
לִּ֥יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
לִבִּ֖יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אַחֲרִ֑ישׁand is silentHiphil impf 1cs · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַשׁ (H2790) 'and is silent'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ק֤וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
שׁוֹפָר֙the horn ofN c · שׁוֹפָר (H7782)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוֹפָר (H7782) 'the horn of'.
שמעתיI have heardQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'I have heard'.
שָׁמַ֣עַתְּyou obeyedQal perf 2fs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'you obeyed'.
נַפְשִׁ֔יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
תְּרוּעַ֖תan alarm-blastN c · תְּרוּעָה (H8643)Construct chain (genitival)תְּרוּעָה (H8643) 'an alarm-blast'.
מִלְחָמָֽהwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
20

שֶׁ֤בֶר עַל שֶׁ֨בֶר֙ נִקְרָ֔א כִּ֥י שֻׁדְּדָ֖ה כָּל הָאָ֑רֶץ פִּתְאֹם֙ שֻׁדְּד֣וּ אֹהָלַ֔י רֶ֖גַע יְרִיעֹתָֽי

Destruction upon destruction is cried; for the whole land is spoiled: suddenly are my tents spoiled, my curtains in a moment.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'ruined'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
שֶׁ֤בֶרa fracture ofN c · שֶׁבֶר (H7667)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁבֶר (H7667) 'a fracture of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שֶׁ֨בֶר֙a fracture ofN c · שֶׁבֶר (H7667)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁבֶר (H7667) 'a fracture of'.
נִקְרָ֔אis calledN · קָרָא (H7121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרָא (H7121) 'is called'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שֻׁדְּדָ֖הruinedPual perf 3fs · שָׁדַד (H7703)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
פִּתְאֹם֙suddenlyart · פִּתְאֹם (H6597)Particle or relational elementפִּתְאֹם (H6597) 'suddenly'.
שֻׁדְּד֣וּruinedPual perf 3cp · שָׁדַד (H7703)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
אֹהָלַ֔יthe tents ofN c · אֹהֶל (H168)Construct chain (genitival)אֹהֶל (H168) 'the tents of'.
רֶ֖גַעa momentN c · רֶגַע (H7281)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגַע (H7281) 'a moment'.
יְרִיעֹתָֽיthe curtainN c · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Construct chain (genitival)יְרִיעָה (H3407) 'the curtain'.
21

עַד מָתַ֖י אֶרְאֶה נֵּ֑ס אֶשְׁמְעָ֖ה ק֥וֹל שׁוֹפָֽר

How long shall I see the standard, hear the sound of the trumpet?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'let me see'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
מָתַ֖יwheninterrog. · מָתַי (H4970)Particle or relational elementמָתַי (H4970) 'when'.
אֶרְאֶהlet me seeQal impf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'let me see'.
נֵּ֑סa poleN c · נֵס (H5251)Construct chain (genitival)נֵס (H5251) 'a pole'.
אֶשְׁמְעָ֖הand he heardQal cohortative 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
ק֥וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
שׁוֹפָֽרthe horn ofN c · שׁוֹפָר (H7782)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוֹפָר (H7782) 'the horn of'.
22

כִּ֣י אֱוִ֣יל עַמִּ֗י אוֹתִי֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ בָּנִ֤ים סְכָלִים֙ הֵ֔מָּה וְלֹ֥א נְבוֹנִ֖ים הֵ֑מָּה חֲכָמִ֥ים הֵ֨מָּה֙ לְהָרַ֔ע וּלְהֵיטִ֖יב לֹ֥א יָדָֽעוּ

For my people foolish, they have not known me; they sottish children, and they have none understanding: they wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'have known'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֱוִ֣ילfoolAdj · אֱוִיל (H191)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱוִיל (H191) 'fool'.
עַמִּ֗יmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
אוֹתִי֙meobj marker + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'me'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדָ֔עוּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
בָּנִ֤יםsonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'sons'.
סְכָלִים֙foolN c · סָכָל (H5530)Construct chain (genitival)סָכָל (H5530) 'fool'.
הֵ֔מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נְבוֹנִ֖יםdiscerningN · בִּין (H995)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
הֵ֑מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
חֲכָמִ֥יםwiseAdj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise'.
הֵ֨מָּה֙theypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
לְהָרַ֔עto harmprep + Hiphil inf constr · רָעַע (H7489)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָעַע (H7489) 'to harm'.
וּלְהֵיטִ֖יבit may go wellconj וְ + prep + Hiphil inf constr · יָטַב (H3190)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדָֽעוּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
23

רָאִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִנֵּה תֹ֖הוּ וָבֹ֑הוּ וְאֶל הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ין אוֹרָֽם

I beheld the earth, and, lo, without form, and void; and the heavens, and they no light.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
רָאִ֨יתִי֙I have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְהִנֵּהand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
תֹ֖הוּwasteN c · תֹּהוּ (H8414)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּהוּ (H8414) 'waste'.
וָבֹ֑הוּand voidconj וְ + N com m sg abs · בֹהוּ (H922)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹהוּ (H922) 'and void'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
הַשָּׁמַ֖יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
אוֹרָֽםlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
24

רָאִ֨יתִי֙ הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֖ה רֹעֲשִׁ֑ים וְכָל הַגְּבָע֖וֹת הִתְקַלְקָֽלוּ

I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved lightly.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
רָאִ֨יתִי֙I have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
הֶֽהָרִ֔יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains'.
וְהִנֵּ֖הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
רֹעֲשִׁ֑יםshookQal ptc mp · רָעַשׁ (H7493)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַשׁ (H7493) 'shook'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
הַגְּבָע֖וֹתthe hillsart + N com f pl abs · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills'.
הִתְקַלְקָֽלוּto cursef perf 3cp · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָלַל (H7043) 'to curse'.
25

רָאִ֕יתִי וְהִנֵּ֖ה אֵ֣ין הָאָדָ֑ם וְכָל ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם נָדָֽדוּ

I beheld, and, lo, no man, and all the birds of the heavens were fled.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
רָאִ֕יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
וְהִנֵּ֖הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
הָאָדָ֑םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
ע֥וֹףbird ofN c · עוֹף (H5775)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹף (H5775) 'bird of'.
הַשָּׁמַ֖יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
נָדָֽדוּand fledQal perf 3cp · נָדַד (H5074)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָדַד (H5074) 'and fled'.
26

רָאִ֕יתִי וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְכָל עָרָ֗יו נִתְּצוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ

I beheld, and, lo, the fruitful place a wilderness, and all the cities thereof were broken down at the presence of YHWH, by his fierce anger.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
רָאִ֕יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
וְהִנֵּ֥הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
הַכַּרְמֶ֖לnew produceart + N com m sg abs · כַּרְמֶל (H3759)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּרְמֶל (H3759) 'new produce'.
הַמִּדְבָּ֑רthe wildernessart + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'the wilderness'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
עָרָ֗יוhis citiesN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'his cities'.
נִתְּצוּ֙you shall tear downN · נָתַץ (H5422)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתַץ (H5422) 'you shall tear down'.
מִפְּנֵ֣יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִפְּנֵ֖יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
חֲר֥וֹןthe burning ofN c · חָרוֹן (H2740)Construct chain (genitival)חָרוֹן (H2740) 'the burning of'.
אַפּֽוֹhis angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'his anger'.
27

כִּי כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שְׁמָמָ֥ה תִהְיֶ֖ה כָּל הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכָלָ֖ה לֹ֥א אֶעֱשֶֽׂה

For thus has YHWH said, The whole land shall be desolate; yet will I not make a full end.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֹה֙thusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
שְׁמָמָ֥הa desolationN c · שְׁמָמָה (H8077)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁמָמָה (H8077) 'a desolation'.
תִהְיֶ֖הshall beQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְכָלָ֖הcompletelyconj וְ + N com f sg abs · כָּלָה (H3617)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּלָה (H3617) 'completely'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶעֱשֶֽׂהI will doQal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I will do'.
28

עַל זֹאת֙ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְקָדְר֥וּ הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם מִמָּ֑עַל עַ֤ל כִּי דִבַּ֨רְתִּי֙ זַמֹּ֔תִי וְלֹ֥א נִחַ֖מְתִּי וְלֹא אָשׁ֥וּב מִמֶּֽנָּה

For this shall the earth mourn, and the heavens above be black: because I have spoken , I have purposed , and will not repent, neither will I turn back from it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they mourned'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
זֹאת֙thisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
תֶּאֱבַ֣לand they mournedQal impf 3fs · אָבַל (H56)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַל (H56) 'and they mourned'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְקָדְר֥וּbe blackconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · קָדַר (H6937)Particle or relational elementקָדַר (H6937) 'be black'.
הַשָּׁמַ֖יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
מִמָּ֑עַלaboveprep + art · מַעְלָה (H4605)Particle or relational elementמַעְלָה (H4605) 'above'.
עַ֤לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
דִבַּ֨רְתִּי֙I spokePiel perf 1cs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'I spoke'.
זַמֹּ֔תִיhe schemedQal perf 1cs · זָמַם (H2161)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָמַם (H2161) 'he schemed'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נִחַ֖מְתִּיI have regrettedN · נָחַם (H5162)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָחַם (H5162) 'I have regretted'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אָשׁ֥וּבI will returnQal impf 1cs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'I will return'.
מִמֶּֽנָּהof one piece with itprep + sfx 3fs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of one piece with it'.
29

מִקּ֨וֹל פָּרָ֜שׁ וְרֹ֣מֵה קֶ֗שֶׁת בֹּרַ֨חַת֙ כָּל הָעִ֔יר בָּ֚אוּ בֶּעָבִ֔ים וּבַכֵּפִ֖ים עָל֑וּ כָּל הָעִ֣יר עֲזוּבָ֔ה וְאֵין יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בָּהֵ֖ן אִֽישׁ

The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen; they shall go into thickets, and climb up upon the rocks: every city forsaken, and not a man dwell therein.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'have you deceived me'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
מִקּ֨וֹלfrom the sound ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'from the sound of'.
פָּרָ֜שׁand his horsemenN c · פָּרָשׁ (H6571)Construct chain (genitival)פָּרָשׁ (H6571) 'and his horsemen'.
וְרֹ֣מֵהhave you deceived meconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · רָמָה (H7411)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָמָה (H7411) 'have you deceived me'.
קֶ֗שֶׁתa bowN c · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Construct chain (genitival)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'a bow'.
בֹּרַ֨חַת֙am fleeingQal ptc fs · בָּרַח (H1272)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּרַח (H1272) 'am fleeing'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָעִ֔ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
בָּ֚אוּcameQal perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
בֶּעָבִ֔יםin the thickness ofprep + art + N com c pl abs · עָב (H5645)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָב (H5645) 'in the thickness of'.
וּבַכֵּפִ֖יםandconj וְ + prep + art + N com m pl abs · כֵּף (H3710)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֵּף (H3710) 'and'.
עָל֑וּwent upQal perf 3cp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'went up'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָעִ֣ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
עֲזוּבָ֔הyou forsakeQal ptc fs · עָזַב (H5800)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
וְאֵיןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
יוֹשֵׁ֥בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
בָּהֵ֖ןin themprep + sfx 3fp · בָּהֵן (H2004)Particle or relational elementבָּהֵן (H2004) 'in them'.
אִֽישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
30

ואתי וְאַ֨תְּ שָׁד֜וּד מַֽה תַּעֲשִׂ֗י כִּֽי תִלְבְּשִׁ֨י שָׁנִ֜י כִּי תַעְדִּ֣י עֲדִי זָהָ֗ב כִּֽי תִקְרְעִ֤י בַפּוּךְ֙ עֵינַ֔יִךְ לַשָּׁ֖וְא תִּתְיַפִּ֑י מָאֲסוּ בָ֥ךְ עֹגְבִ֖ים נַפְשֵׁ֥ךְ יְבַקֵּֽשׁוּ

And you spoiled, what will you do? Though you clothest thyself with crimson, though you deckest you with ornaments of gold, though you rentest your face with painting, in vain shall you make thyself fair; lovers will despise you, they will seek your life.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'ruined'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ואתיyouconj וְ + pron 2fs · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
וְאַ֨תְּand youconj וְ + pron 2fs · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
שָׁד֜וּדruinedQal ptc ms · שָׁדַד (H7703)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁדַד (H7703) 'ruined'.
מַֽהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
תַּעֲשִׂ֗יyou shall doQal impf 2fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you shall do'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תִלְבְּשִׁ֨יand you shall clotheQal impf 2fs · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'and you shall clothe'.
שָׁנִ֜יscarletN c · שָׁנִי (H8144)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנִי (H8144) 'scarlet'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תַעְדִּ֣יadornQal impf 2fs · עָדָה (H5710)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָדָה (H5710) 'adorn'.
עֲדִיhis ornamentN c · עֲדִי (H5716)Construct chain (genitival)עֲדִי (H5716) 'his ornament'.
זָהָ֗בgoldN c · זָהָב (H2091)Construct chain (genitival)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תִקְרְעִ֤יand he toreQal impf 2fs · קָרַע (H7167)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרַע (H7167) 'and he tore'.
בַפּוּךְ֙inprep + art + N com m sg abs · פּוּךְ (H6320)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פּוּךְ (H6320) 'in'.
עֵינַ֔יִךְyour eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'your eyes'.
לַשָּׁ֖וְאfor emptinessprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׁוְא (H7723)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁוְא (H7723) 'for emptiness'.
תִּתְיַפִּ֑יbe beautifulHithpael impf 2fs · יָפָה (H3302)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָפָה (H3302) 'be beautiful'.
מָאֲסוּdespiseQal perf 3cp · מָאַס (H3988)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָאַס (H3988) 'despise'.
בָ֥ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
עֹגְבִ֖יםdoteQal ptc mp · עֲגַב (H5689)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעֲגַב (H5689) 'dote'.
נַפְשֵׁ֥ךְyour soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
יְבַקֵּֽשׁוּseekingPiel impf 3mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
31

כִּי֩ ק֨וֹל כְּחוֹלָ֜ה שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי צָרָה֙ כְּמַבְכִּירָ֔ה ק֧וֹל בַּת צִיּ֛וֹן תִּתְיַפֵּ֖חַ תְּפָרֵ֣שׂ כַּפֶּ֑יהָ אֽוֹי נָ֣א לִ֔י כִּֽי עָיְפָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י לְהֹרְגִֽים

For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, the anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child, the voice of the daughter of Zion, bewaileth herself, spreadeth her hands, , Woe me now! for my soul is wearied because of murderers.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'inflicted'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ק֨וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
כְּחוֹלָ֜הinflictedprep + Qal ptc fs · חָלָה (H2470)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָלָה (H2470) 'inflicted'.
שָׁמַ֗עְתִּיI have heardQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'I have heard'.
צָרָה֙and troublesN c · צָרָה (H6869)Construct chain (genitival)צָרָה (H6869) 'and troubles'.
כְּמַבְכִּירָ֔הto treat as firstbornprep + Hiphil ptc fs · בָּכַר (H1069)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּכַר (H1069) 'to treat as firstborn'.
ק֧וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
בַּתdaughter ofN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
צִיּ֛וֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
תִּתְיַפֵּ֖חַbewail selfHithpael impf 3fs · יָפַח (H3306)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָפַח (H3306) 'bewail self'.
תְּפָרֵ֣שׂand they shall spreadPiel impf 3fs · פָּרַשׂ (H6566)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּרַשׂ (H6566) 'and they shall spread'.
כַּפֶּ֑יהָher palmsN c · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'her palms'.
אֽוֹיwoeparticle · אוֹי (H188)Particle or relational elementאוֹי (H188) 'woe'.
נָ֣אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
לִ֔יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עָיְפָ֥הbe weariedQal perf 3fs · עָיֵף (H5888)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָיֵף (H5888) 'be wearied'.
נַפְשִׁ֖יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
לְהֹרְגִֽיםthey killedprep + Qal ptc mp · הָרַג (H2026)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָרַג (H2026) 'they killed'.