Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 59ישעיהו 59

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Isaiah 59 (21 verses in the MT) opens: Behold, YHWH's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear: The middle of the chapter continues: We roar all like bears, and mourn sore like doves: we look for judgment, but none; for salvation, it is far off from us. It closes: As for me, this my covenant with them, says YHWH; My spirit that upon you, and my words which I have put in your mouth, shall not depart out of your mouth, nor out of the mouth of your seed, nor out of the mouth of your.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Isaiah 59 comprises 21 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — Behold, YHWH's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his e. Behold, YHWH's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear: But your iniquities have separated between you and your God, and your sins have hid face from you, that he will not hear. For your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, your tongue has muttered. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — Their webs shall not become garments, neither shall they cover themselve. Their webs shall not become garments, neither shall they cover themselves with their works: their works works of iniquity, and the act of violence in their hands. Their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts thoughts of iniquity; wasting and destruction in their paths. The way of peace they know not; and no judgment in. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — We roar all like bears, and mourn sore like doves: we look for judgment. We roar all like bears, and mourn sore like doves: we look for judgment, but none; for salvation, it is far off from us. For our transgressions are multiplied before you, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions with us; and our iniquities, we know them; In transgressing and lying against YHWH, and departing away from our God, speaking. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — And he saw that no man, and wondered that no intercessor: therefore his. And he saw that no man, and wondered that no intercessor: therefore his arm brought salvation to him; and his righteousness, it sustained him. For he put on righteousness as a breastplate, and an helmet of salvation upon his head; and he put on the garments of vengeance clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloke. According to deeds, accordingly he will. Movement V (vv. 21) — As for me, this my covenant with them, says YHWH; My spirit that upon yo. As for me, this my covenant with them, says YHWH; My spirit that upon you, and my words which I have put in your mouth, shall not depart out of your mouth, nor out of the mouth of your seed, nor out of the mouth of your seed's seed, says YHWH, from henceforth and for ever. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

הֵ֛ן לֹֽא קָצְרָ֥ה יַד יְהוָ֖ה מֵֽהוֹשִׁ֑יעַ וְלֹא כָבְדָ֥ה אָזְנ֖וֹ מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַ

Behold, YHWH's hand is not shortened, that it cannot save; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot hear:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and it became impatient'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
הֵ֛ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
קָצְרָ֥הand it became impatientQal perf 3fs · קָצַר (H7114)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָצַר (H7114) 'and it became impatient'.
יַדthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מֵֽהוֹשִׁ֑יעַone to saveprep + Hiphil inf constr · יָשַׁע (H3467)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
כָבְדָ֥הis heavyQal perf 3fs · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּבֵד (H3513) 'is heavy'.
אָזְנ֖וֹhis earN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'his ear'.
מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַand he heardprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
2

כִּ֤י אִם עֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ הָי֣וּ מַבְדִּלִ֔ים בֵּינֵכֶ֕ם לְבֵ֖ין אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם וְחַטֹּֽאותֵיכֶ֗ם הִסְתִּ֧ירוּ פָנִ֛ים מִכֶּ֖ם מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַ

But your iniquities have separated between you and your God, and your sins have hid face from you, that he will not hear.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
עֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙your iniquitiesN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'your iniquities'.
הָי֣וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
מַבְדִּלִ֔יםset apartHiphil ptc mp · בָּדַל (H914)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּדַל (H914) 'set apart'.
בֵּינֵכֶ֕םbetweenprep + sfx 2mp · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
לְבֵ֖יןbetweenprep + prep · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑םyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
וְחַטֹּֽאותֵיכֶ֗םas a sin offeringconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 2mp · חַטָּאת (H2403)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'as a sin offering'.
הִסְתִּ֧ירוּI will hideHiphil perf 3cp · סָתַר (H5641)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָתַר (H5641) 'I will hide'.
פָנִ֛יםfaceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'.
מִכֶּ֖םof youprep + sfx 2mp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of you'.
מִשְּׁמֽוֹעַand he heardprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
3

כִּ֤י כַפֵּיכֶם֙ נְגֹאֲל֣וּ בַדָּ֔ם וְאֶצְבְּעוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בֶּֽעָוֺ֑ן שִׂפְתֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ דִּבְּרוּ שֶׁ֔קֶר לְשׁוֹנְכֶ֖ם עַוְלָ֥ה תֶהְגֶּֽה

For your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, your tongue has muttered perverseness.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he spoke it'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כַפֵּיכֶם֙a pan ofN c · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
נְגֹאֲל֣וּdefileN · גָּאַל (H1351)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּאַל (H1351) 'defile'.
בַדָּ֔םin the bloodprep + art + N com m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'in the blood'.
וְאֶצְבְּעוֹתֵיכֶ֖םwith his fingerconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 2mp · אֶצְבַּע (H676)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶצְבַּע (H676) 'with his finger'.
בֶּֽעָוֺ֑ןin the punishment ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · עָוֹן (H5771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָוֹן (H5771) 'in the punishment of'.
שִׂפְתֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙the edge ofN c · שָׂפָה (H8193)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
דִּבְּרוּhe spoke itPiel perf 3cp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'he spoke it'.
שֶׁ֔קֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
לְשׁוֹנְכֶ֖םby their languagesN c · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Construct chain (genitival)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'by their languages'.
עַוְלָ֥הinjusticeN c · עָוֶל (H5766)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֶל (H5766) 'injustice'.
תֶהְגֶּֽהbut you shall meditateQal impf 3fs · הָגָה (H1897)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָגָה (H1897) 'but you shall meditate'.
4

אֵין קֹרֵ֣א בְצֶ֔דֶק וְאֵ֥ין נִשְׁפָּ֖ט בֶּאֱמוּנָ֑ה בָּט֤וֹחַ עַל תֹּ֨הוּ֙ וְדַבֶּר שָׁ֔וְא הָר֥וֹ עָמָ֖ל וְהוֹלֵ֥יד אָֽוֶן

None calleth for justice, nor pleadeth for truth: they trust in vanity, and speak lies; they conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אֵיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
קֹרֵ֣אhe calledQal ptc ms · קָרָא (H7121)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָרָא (H7121) 'he called'.
בְצֶ֔דֶקin righteousnessprep + N com m sg abs · צֶדֶק (H6664)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'in righteousness'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
נִשְׁפָּ֖טand judgeN · שָׁפַט (H8199)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
בֶּאֱמוּנָ֑הfaithfulnessprep + N com f sg abs · אֱמוּנָה (H530)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱמוּנָה (H530) 'faithfulness'.
בָּט֤וֹחַtrustingQal inf abs · בָּטַח (H982)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionבָּטַח (H982) 'trusting'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
תֹּ֨הוּ֙wasteN c · תֹּהוּ (H8414)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּהוּ (H8414) 'waste'.
וְדַבֶּרand he shall speakconj וְ + Piel inf abs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he shall speak'.
שָׁ֔וְאfalsehoodN c · שָׁוְא (H7723)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁוְא (H7723) 'falsehood'.
הָר֥וֹand she conceivedQal inf abs · הָרָה (H2029)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָרָה (H2029) 'and she conceived'.
עָמָ֖לtroubleN c · עָמָל (H5999)Construct chain (genitival)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
וְהוֹלֵ֥ידand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil inf abs · יָלַד (H3205)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionיָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
אָֽוֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
5

בֵּיצֵ֤י צִפְעוֹנִי֙ בִּקֵּ֔עוּ וְקוּרֵ֥י עַכָּבִ֖ישׁ יֶאֱרֹ֑גוּ הָאֹכֵ֤ל מִבֵּֽיצֵיהֶם֙ יָמ֔וּת וְהַזּוּרֶ֖ה תִּבָּקַ֥ע אֶפְעֶֽה

They hatch cockatrice' eggs, and weave the spider's web: he that eateth of their eggs dieth, and that which is crushed breaketh out into a viper.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and were divided'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
בֵּיצֵ֤יeggsN c · בֵּיצָה (H1000)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּיצָה (H1000) 'eggs'.
צִפְעוֹנִי֙adderN c · צֶפַע (H6848)Construct chain (genitival)צֶפַע (H6848) 'adder'.
בִּקֵּ֔עוּand were dividedPiel perf 3cp · בָּקַע (H1234)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּקַע (H1234) 'and were divided'.
וְקוּרֵ֥יandconj וְ + N com m pl constr · קוּר (H6980)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוּר (H6980) 'and'.
עַכָּבִ֖ישׁspiderN c · עַכָּבִישׁ (H5908)Construct chain (genitival)עַכָּבִישׁ (H5908) 'spider'.
יֶאֱרֹ֑גוּa weaver,Qal impf 3mp · אָרַג (H707)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָרַג (H707) 'a weaver,'.
הָאֹכֵ֤לindeed eatenart + Qal ptc ms · אָכַל (H398)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָכַל (H398) 'indeed eaten'.
מִבֵּֽיצֵיהֶם֙eggsprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 3mp · בֵּיצָה (H1000)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּיצָה (H1000) 'eggs'.
יָמ֔וּתhe dieQal impf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'he die'.
וְהַזּוּרֶ֖הandconj וְ + art + Qal ptc fs · זוּרֶה (H2116)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזוּרֶה (H2116) 'and'.
תִּבָּקַ֥עand were dividedQal impf 3fs · בָּקַע (H1234)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּקַע (H1234) 'and were divided'.
אֶפְעֶֽהviperN c · אֶפְעֶה (H660)Construct chain (genitival)אֶפְעֶה (H660) 'viper'.
6

קֽוּרֵיהֶם֙ לֹא יִהְי֣וּ לְבֶ֔גֶד וְלֹ֥א יִתְכַּסּ֖וּ בְּמַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶם֙ מַֽעֲשֵׂי אָ֔וֶן וּפֹ֥עַל חָמָ֖ס בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם

Their webs shall not become garments, neither shall they cover themselves with their works: their works works of iniquity, and the act of violence in their hands.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
קֽוּרֵיהֶם֙webN c · קוּר (H6980)Construct chain (genitival)קוּר (H6980) 'web'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִהְי֣וּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
לְבֶ֔גֶדhis garmentsprep + N com m sg abs · בֶּגֶד (H899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'his garments'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִתְכַּסּ֖וּthat coversHithpael impf 3mp · כָּסָה (H3680)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּסָה (H3680) 'that covers'.
בְּמַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑םthe work ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶם֙the work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
מַֽעֲשֵׂיthe work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
אָ֔וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
וּפֹ֥עַלand the work ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · פֹּעַל (H6467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֹּעַל (H6467) 'and the work of'.
חָמָ֖סviolenceN c · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽםa pan ofprep + N com f du constr + sfx 3mp · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
7

רַגְלֵיהֶם֙ לָרַ֣ע יָרֻ֔צוּ וִֽימַהֲר֔וּ לִשְׁפֹּ֖ךְ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י מַחְשְׁבֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת אָ֔וֶן שֹׁ֥ד וָשֶׁ֖בֶר בִּמְסִלּוֹתָֽם

Their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts thoughts of iniquity; wasting and destruction in their paths.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he ran'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
רַגְלֵיהֶם֙their feetN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'their feet'.
לָרַ֣עand badprep + art + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'and bad'.
יָרֻ֔צוּand he ranQal impf 3mp · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
וִֽימַהֲר֔וּand they hurriedconj וְ + Piel impf 3mp · מָהַר (H4116)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָהַר (H4116) 'and they hurried'.
לִשְׁפֹּ֖ךְhe shall pour outprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
דָּ֣םbloodN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'.
נָקִ֑יinnocentAdj · נָקִי (H5355)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָקִי (H5355) 'innocent'.
מַחְשְׁבֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙designsN c · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
מַחְשְׁב֣וֹתdesignsN c · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
אָ֔וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
שֹׁ֥דdesolationN c · שֹׁד (H7701)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁד (H7701) 'desolation'.
וָשֶׁ֖בֶרa fracture ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֶׁבֶר (H7667)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבֶר (H7667) 'a fracture of'.
בִּמְסִלּוֹתָֽםfrom their coursesprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 3mp · מְסִלָּה (H4546)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְסִלָּה (H4546) 'from their courses'.
8

דֶּ֤רֶךְ שָׁלוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ וְאֵ֥ין מִשְׁפָּ֖ט בְּמַעְגְּלוֹתָ֑ם נְתִיבֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ עִקְּשׁ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם כֹּ֚ל דֹּרֵ֣ךְ בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א יָדַ֖ע שָׁלֽוֹם

The way of peace they know not; and no judgment in their goings: they have made them crooked paths: whosoever goeth therein shall not know peace.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'have known'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
דֶּ֤רֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
שָׁלוֹם֙peaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדָ֔עוּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מִשְׁפָּ֖טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
בְּמַעְגְּלוֹתָ֑םinprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · מַעְגָּל (H4570)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעְגָּל (H4570) 'in'.
נְתִיבֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙my pathsN c · נְתִיבָה (H5410)Construct chain (genitival)נְתִיבָה (H5410) 'my paths'.
עִקְּשׁ֣וּmake crookedPiel perf 3cp · עָקַשׁ (H6140)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָקַשׁ (H6140) 'make crooked'.
לָהֶ֔םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
כֹּ֚לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
דֹּרֵ֣ךְhe trodQal ptc ms · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
בָּ֔הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדַ֖עhe knewQal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
שָׁלֽוֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
9

עַל כֵּ֗ן רָחַ֤ק מִשְׁפָּט֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְלֹ֥א תַשִּׂיגֵ֖נוּ צְדָקָ֑ה נְקַוֶּ֤ה לָאוֹר֙ וְהִנֵּה חֹ֔שֶׁךְ לִנְגֹה֖וֹת בָּאֲפֵל֥וֹת נְהַלֵּֽךְ

Therefore is judgment far from us, neither does justice overtake us: we wait for light, but behold obscurity; for brightness, we walk in darkness.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'far off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֗ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
רָחַ֤קfar offQal perf 3ms · רָחַק (H7368)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָחַק (H7368) 'far off'.
מִשְׁפָּט֙judgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
מִמֶּ֔נּוּfrom itprep + sfx 1cp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תַשִּׂיגֵ֖נוּhis means can affordHiphil impf 3fs + sfx 1cp · נָשַׂג (H5381)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשַׂג (H5381) 'his means can afford'.
צְדָקָ֑הrighteousnessN c · צְדָקָה (H6666)Construct chain (genitival)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'righteousness'.
נְקַוֶּ֤הlet be gatheredPiel impf 1cp · קָוָה (H6960)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
לָאוֹר֙to the lightprep + art + N com c sg abs · אוֹר (H216)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹר (H216) 'to the light'.
וְהִנֵּהand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
חֹ֔שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
לִנְגֹה֖וֹתtoprep + N com c pl abs · נְגֹהָה (H5054)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְגֹהָה (H5054) 'to'.
בָּאֲפֵל֥וֹתin darknessprep + art + N com f pl abs · אֲפֵלָה (H653)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲפֵלָה (H653) 'in darkness'.
נְהַלֵּֽךְwentPiel impf 1cp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
10

נְגַֽשְׁשָׁ֤ה כַֽעִוְרִים֙ קִ֔יר וּכְאֵ֥ין עֵינַ֖יִם נְגַשֵּׁ֑שָׁה כָּשַׁ֤לְנוּ בַֽצָּהֳרַ֨יִם֙ כַּנֶּ֔שֶׁף בָּאַשְׁמַנִּ֖ים כַּמֵּתִֽים

We grope for the wall like the blind, and we grope as if no eyes: we stumble at noonday as in the night; in desolate places as dead .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'grope'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
נְגַֽשְׁשָׁ֤הgropePiel impf 1cp · גָּשַׁשׁ (H1659)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּשַׁשׁ (H1659) 'grope'.
כַֽעִוְרִים֙blindprep + art + Adj · עִוֵּר (H5787)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִוֵּר (H5787) 'blind'.
קִ֔ירthe wall ofN c · קִיר (H7023)Construct chain (genitival)קִיר (H7023) 'the wall of'.
וּכְאֵ֥יןthere is notconj וְ + prep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
עֵינַ֖יִםeyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'eyes'.
נְגַשֵּׁ֑שָׁהgropePiel impf 1cp · גָּשַׁשׁ (H1659)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּשַׁשׁ (H1659) 'grope'.
כָּשַׁ֤לְנוּand they shall stumbleQal perf 1cp · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
בַֽצָּהֳרַ֨יִם֙at noonprep + art + N com m pl abs · צָהֳרַיִם (H6672)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָהֳרַיִם (H6672) 'at noon'.
כַּנֶּ֔שֶׁףfromprep + art + N com m sg abs · נֶשֶׁף (H5399)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶשֶׁף (H5399) 'from'.
בָּאַשְׁמַנִּ֖יםinprep + art + N com m pl abs · אַשְׁמָן (H820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַשְׁמָן (H820) 'in'.
כַּמֵּתִֽיםand he diedprep + art + Qal ptc mp · מוּת (H4191)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
11

נֶהֱמֶ֤ה כַדֻּבִּים֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וְכַיּוֹנִ֖ים הָגֹ֣ה נֶהְגֶּ֑ה נְקַוֶּ֤ה לַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ וָאַ֔יִן לִֽישׁוּעָ֖ה רָחֲקָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנּוּ

We roar all like bears, and mourn sore like doves: we look for judgment, but none; for salvation, it is far off from us.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'clamorous'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
נֶהֱמֶ֤הclamorousQal impf 1cp · הָמָה (H1993)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָמָה (H1993) 'clamorous'.
כַדֻּבִּים֙bearprep + art + N com m pl abs · דֹּב (H1677)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֹּב (H1677) 'bear'.
כֻּלָּ֔נוּall of usN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of us'.
וְכַיּוֹנִ֖יםthe doveconj וְ + prep + art + N com f pl abs · יוֹנָה (H3123)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָה (H3123) 'the dove'.
הָגֹ֣הbut you shall meditateQal inf abs · הָגָה (H1897)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָגָה (H1897) 'but you shall meditate'.
נֶהְגֶּ֑הbut you shall meditateQal impf 1cp · הָגָה (H1897)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָגָה (H1897) 'but you shall meditate'.
נְקַוֶּ֤הlet be gatheredPiel impf 1cp · קָוָה (H6960)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
לַמִּשְׁפָּט֙for judgmentprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'for judgment'.
וָאַ֔יִןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
לִֽישׁוּעָ֖הfor salvationprep + N com f sg abs · יְשׁוּעָה (H3444)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְשׁוּעָה (H3444) 'for salvation'.
רָחֲקָ֥הfar offQal perf 3fs · רָחַק (H7368)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָחַק (H7368) 'far off'.
מִמֶּֽנּוּfrom itprep + sfx 1cp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
12

כִּֽי רַבּ֤וּ פְשָׁעֵ֨ינוּ֙ נֶגְדֶּ֔ךָ וְחַטֹּאותֵ֖ינוּ עָ֣נְתָה בָּ֑נוּ כִּֽי פְשָׁעֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֔נוּ וַעֲוֺנֹתֵ֖ינוּ יְדַֽעֲנֽוּם

For our transgressions are multiplied before you, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions with us; and our iniquities, we know them;

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and multiply'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
רַבּ֤וּand multiplyQal perf 3cp · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָבָה (H7235) 'and multiply'.
פְשָׁעֵ֨ינוּ֙and transgressionN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'and transgression'.
נֶגְדֶּ֔ךָbefore youprep + sfx 2ms · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'before you'.
וְחַטֹּאותֵ֖ינוּas a sin offeringconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 1cp · חַטָּאת (H2403)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'as a sin offering'.
עָ֣נְתָהand answeredQal perf 3fs · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
בָּ֑נוּagainst usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against us'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
פְשָׁעֵ֣ינוּand transgressionN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'and transgression'.
אִתָּ֔נוּwith usprep + sfx 1cp · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with us'.
וַעֲוֺנֹתֵ֖ינוּthe iniquity ofconj וְ + N com c pl constr + sfx 1cp · עָוֹן (H5771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
יְדַֽעֲנֽוּםI knowQal perf 1cp + sfx 3mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
13

פָּשֹׁ֤עַ וְכַחֵשׁ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וְנָס֖וֹג מֵאַחַ֣ר אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ דַּבֶּר עֹ֣שֶׁק וְסָרָ֔ה הֹר֧וֹ וְהֹג֛וֹ מִלֵּ֖ב דִּבְרֵי שָֽׁקֶר

In transgressing and lying against YHWH, and departing away from our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
פָּשֹׁ֤עַandQal inf abs · פָּשַׁע (H6586)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionפָּשַׁע (H6586) 'and'.
וְכַחֵשׁ֙and he deceivesconj וְ + Piel inf abs · כָּחַשׁ (H3584)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionכָּחַשׁ (H3584) 'and he deceives'.
בַּֽיהוָ֔הagainst YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'against YHWH'.
וְנָס֖וֹגyou shall moveconj וְ + Niphal inf abs · נָסַג (H5253)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionנָסַג (H5253) 'you shall move'.
מֵאַחַ֣רafterprep + prep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.
דַּבֶּרspeakPiel inf abs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
עֹ֣שֶׁקthe extorted thingN c · עֹשֶׁק (H6233)Construct chain (genitival)עֹשֶׁק (H6233) 'the extorted thing'.
וְסָרָ֔הseditionconj וְ + N com f sg abs · סָרָה (H5627)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָרָה (H5627) 'sedition'.
הֹר֧וֹand she conceivedPoel inf abs · הָרָה (H2029)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָרָה (H2029) 'and she conceived'.
וְהֹג֛וֹbut you shall meditateconj וְ + Poel inf abs · הָגָה (H1897)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָגָה (H1897) 'but you shall meditate'.
מִלֵּ֖בhis heartprep + N com m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
דִּבְרֵיthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
שָֽׁקֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
14

וְהֻסַּ֤ג אָחוֹר֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה מֵרָח֣וֹק תַּעֲמֹ֑ד כִּֽי כָשְׁלָ֤ה בָֽרְחוֹב֙ אֱמֶ֔ת וּנְכֹחָ֖ה לֹא תוּכַ֥ל לָבֽוֹא

And judgment is turned away backward, and justice standeth afar off: for truth is fallen in the street, and equity cannot enter.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall stand'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהֻסַּ֤גyou shall moveconj וְ + Hophal q 3ms · נָסַג (H5253)Particle or relational elementנָסַג (H5253) 'you shall move'.
אָחוֹר֙backwardN c · אָחוֹר (H268)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוֹר (H268) 'backward'.
מִשְׁפָּ֔טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
וּצְדָקָ֖הand righteousnessconj וְ + N com f sg abs · צְדָקָה (H6666)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'and righteousness'.
מֵרָח֣וֹקfrom far awayprep + Adj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'from far away'.
תַּעֲמֹ֑דyou shall standQal impf 3fs · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָמַד (H5975) 'you shall stand'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כָשְׁלָ֤הand they shall stumbleQal perf 3fs · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
בָֽרְחוֹב֙in the squareprep + art + N com f sg abs · רְחוֹב (H7339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְחוֹב (H7339) 'in the square'.
אֱמֶ֔תtrueN c · אֱמֶת (H571)Construct chain (genitival)אֱמֶת (H571) 'true'.
וּנְכֹחָ֖הandconj וְ + Adj · נְכֹחָה (H5229)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְכֹחָה (H5229) 'and'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תוּכַ֥לyou mayQal impf 3fs · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'you may'.
לָבֽוֹאto enterprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'to enter'.
15

וַתְּהִ֤י הָֽאֱמֶת֙ נֶעְדֶּ֔רֶת וְסָ֥ר מֵרָ֖ע מִשְׁתּוֹלֵ֑ל וַיַּ֧רְא יְהוָ֛ה וַיֵּ֥רַע בְּעֵינָ֖יו כִּֽי אֵ֥ין מִשְׁפָּֽט

Yea, truth faileth; and he departeth from evil maketh himself a prey: and YHWH saw , and it displeased him that no judgment.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and there was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַתְּהִ֤יand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
הָֽאֱמֶת֙the faithfulnessart + N com f sg abs · אֱמֶת (H571)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱמֶת (H571) 'the faithfulness'.
נֶעְדֶּ֔רֶתdigN · עֲדַר (H5737)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲדַר (H5737) 'dig'.
וְסָ֥רand turning awayconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · סוּר (H5493)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסוּר (H5493) 'and turning away'.
מֵרָ֖עfrom evilprep + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'from evil'.
מִשְׁתּוֹלֵ֑לlet fallHithpolel ptc ms · שָׁלַל (H7997)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁלַל (H7997) 'let fall'.
וַיַּ֧רְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וַיֵּ֥רַעand it was displeasingconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָעַע (H7489)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
בְּעֵינָ֖יוin his eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 3ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in his eyes'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מִשְׁפָּֽטjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
16

וַיַּרְא֙ כִּֽי אֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ וַיִּשְׁתּוֹמֵ֖ם כִּ֣י אֵ֣ין מַפְגִּ֑יעַ וַתּ֤וֹשַֽׁע לוֹ֙ זְרֹע֔וֹ וְצִדְקָת֖וֹ הִ֥יא סְמָכָֽתְהוּ

And he saw that no man, and wondered that no intercessor: therefore his arm brought salvation to him; and his righteousness, it sustained him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיַּרְא֙and he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
אִ֔ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וַיִּשְׁתּוֹמֵ֖םand I will desolateconj וְ + Hithpolel wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמֵם (H8074)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמֵם (H8074) 'and I will desolate'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מַפְגִּ֑יעַand it touchedHiphil ptc ms · פָּגַע (H6293)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּגַע (H6293) 'and it touched'.
וַתּ֤וֹשַֽׁעone to saveconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
לוֹ֙to himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
זְרֹע֔וֹthe shoulderN c · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Construct chain (genitival)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'the shoulder'.
וְצִדְקָת֖וֹrighteousnessconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · צְדָקָה (H6666)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'righteousness'.
הִ֥יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
סְמָכָֽתְהוּand he shall layQal perf 3fs + sfx 3ms · סָמַךְ (H5564)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָמַךְ (H5564) 'and he shall lay'.
17

וַיִּלְבַּ֤שׁ צְדָקָה֙ כַּשִּׁרְיָ֔ן וְכ֥וֹבַע יְשׁוּעָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּלְבַּ֞שׁ בִּגְדֵ֤י נָקָם֙ תִּלְבֹּ֔שֶׁת וַיַּ֥עַט כַּמְעִ֖יל קִנְאָֽה

For he put on righteousness as a breastplate, and an helmet of salvation upon his head; and he put on the garments of vengeance clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloke.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and clothed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּלְבַּ֤שׁand clothedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'and clothed'.
צְדָקָה֙righteousnessN c · צְדָקָה (H6666)Construct chain (genitival)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'righteousness'.
כַּשִּׁרְיָ֔ןbreastplateprep + art + N com c sg abs · שִׁרְיוֹן (H8302)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁרְיוֹן (H8302) 'breastplate'.
וְכ֥וֹבַעandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כּוֹבַע (H3553)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוֹבַע (H3553) 'and'.
יְשׁוּעָ֖הhis salvationN c · יְשׁוּעָה (H3444)Construct chain (genitival)יְשׁוּעָה (H3444) 'his salvation'.
בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹon his own headprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'on his own head'.
וַיִּלְבַּ֞שׁand clothedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'and clothed'.
בִּגְדֵ֤יthe garments ofN c · בֶּגֶד (H899)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'the garments of'.
נָקָם֙vengeanceN c · נָקָם (H5359)Construct chain (genitival)נָקָם (H5359) 'vengeance'.
תִּלְבֹּ֔שֶׁתclothingN c · תַּלְבֹּשֶׁת (H8516)Construct chain (genitival)תַּלְבֹּשֶׁת (H8516) 'clothing'.
וַיַּ֥עַטhe shall coverconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָטָה (H5844)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָטָה (H5844) 'he shall cover'.
כַּמְעִ֖ילthe robe ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מְעִיל (H4598)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְעִיל (H4598) 'the robe of'.
קִנְאָֽהjealousyN c · קִנְאָה (H7068)Construct chain (genitival)קִנְאָה (H7068) 'jealousy'.
18

כְּעַ֤ל גְּמֻלוֹת֙ כְּעַ֣ל יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם חֵמָ֣ה לְצָרָ֔יו גְּמ֖וּל לְאֹֽיְבָ֑יו לָאִיִּ֖ים גְּמ֥וּל יְשַׁלֵּֽם

According to deeds, accordingly he will repay, fury to his adversaries, recompence to his enemies; to the islands he will repay recompence.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall pay'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כְּעַ֤לonprep + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
גְּמֻלוֹת֙deedN c · גְּמוּלָה (H1578)Construct chain (genitival)גְּמוּלָה (H1578) 'deed'.
כְּעַ֣לonprep + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יְשַׁלֵּ֔םhe shall payPiel impf 3ms · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
חֵמָ֣הwrathN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'wrath'.
לְצָרָ֔יוto his adversariesprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · צַר (H6862)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַר (H6862) 'to his adversaries'.
גְּמ֖וּלas / likeN c · גְּמוּל (H1576)Construct chain (genitival)גְּמוּל (H1576) 'as / like'.
לְאֹֽיְבָ֑יוyour enemiesprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
לָאִיִּ֖יםcoastlands ofprep + art + N com m pl abs · אִי (H339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
גְּמ֥וּלas / likeN c · גְּמוּל (H1576)Construct chain (genitival)גְּמוּל (H1576) 'as / like'.
יְשַׁלֵּֽםhe shall payPiel impf 3ms · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
19

וְיִֽירְא֤וּ מִֽמַּעֲרָב֙ אֶת שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וּמִמִּזְרַח שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ אֶת כְּבוֹד֑וֹ כִּֽי יָב֤וֹא כַנָּהָר֙ צָ֔ר ר֥וּחַ יְהוָ֖ה נֹ֥סְסָה בֽוֹ

So shall they fear the name of YHWH from the west, and his glory from the rising of the sun. When the enemy shall come in like a flood, the Spirit of YHWH shall lift up a standard against him.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they feared'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְיִֽירְא֤וּand they fearedconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרֵא (H3372) 'and they feared'.
מִֽמַּעֲרָב֙fromprep + N com m sg abs · מַעֲרָב (H4628)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲרָב (H4628) 'from'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
שֵׁ֣םthe name ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּמִמִּזְרַחeastwardconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · מִזְרָח (H4217)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִזְרָח (H4217) 'eastward'.
שֶׁ֖מֶשׁsunN c · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'sun'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כְּבוֹד֑וֹthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָב֤וֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
כַנָּהָר֙the riverprep + art + N com m sg abs · נָהָר (H5104)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָהָר (H5104) 'the river'.
צָ֔רnarrowQal ptc ms · צַר (H6862)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
ר֥וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
נֹ֥סְסָהand they fledPolel perf 3fs · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּס (H5127) 'and they fled'.
בֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
20

וּבָ֤א לְצִיּוֹן֙ גּוֹאֵ֔ל וּלְשָׁבֵ֥י פֶ֖שַׁע בְּיַֽעֲקֹ֑ב נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה

And the Redeemer shall come to Zion, and to them that turn from transgression in Jacob, says YHWH.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the avenger of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּבָ֤אand he shall comeconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Particle or relational elementבּוֹא (H935) 'and he shall come'.
לְצִיּוֹן֙Zionprep + N proper · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
גּוֹאֵ֔לthe avenger ofQal ptc ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּאַל (H1350) 'the avenger of'.
וּלְשָׁבֵ֥יand he returnedconj וְ + prep + Qal ptc mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
פֶ֖שַׁעtransgression/disputed claimN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'transgression/disputed claim'.
בְּיַֽעֲקֹ֑בin Jacobprep + N proper · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'in Jacob'.
נְאֻ֖םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
21

וַאֲנִ֗י זֹ֣את בְּרִיתִ֤י אוֹתָם֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה רוּחִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלֶ֔יךָ וּדְבָרַ֖י אֲשֶׁר שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְּפִ֑יךָ לֹֽא יָמ֡וּשׁוּ מִפִּיךָ֩ וּמִפִּ֨י זַרְעֲךָ֜ וּמִפִּ֨י זֶ֤רַע זַרְעֲךָ֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מֵעַתָּ֖ה וְעַד עוֹלָֽם

As for me, this my covenant with them, says YHWH; My spirit that upon you, and my words which I have put in your mouth, shall not depart out of your mouth, nor out of the mouth of your seed, nor out of the mouth of your seed's seed, says YHWH, from henceforth and for ever.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Closes the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
וַאֲנִ֗יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
זֹ֣אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
בְּרִיתִ֤יmy covenantN c · בְּרִית (H1285)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִית (H1285) 'my covenant'.
אוֹתָם֙themobj marker + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'them'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
רוּחִי֙my SpiritN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'my Spirit'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָלֶ֔יךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
וּדְבָרַ֖יthe words ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
שַׂ֣מְתִּיI have setQal perf 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'I have set'.
בְּפִ֑יךָin your mouthprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'in your mouth'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָמ֡וּשׁוּhe removed/it departedQal impf 3mp · מוּשׁ (H4185)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּשׁ (H4185) 'he removed/it departed'.
מִפִּיךָ֩from your mouthprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'from your mouth'.
וּמִפִּ֨יthe mouth ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'the mouth of'.
זַרְעֲךָ֜your offspringN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'your offspring'.
וּמִפִּ֨יthe mouth ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'the mouth of'.
זֶ֤רַעseedN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'.
זַרְעֲךָ֙your offspringN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'your offspring'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מֵעַתָּ֖הand nowprep + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
וְעַדand toconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'and to'.
עוֹלָֽםperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.