Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 41ישעיהו 41

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Summoned coastlands, the mysterious conqueror from the east, terrified nations shoring each other up, Israel addressed as chosen servant, worm Jacob transformed into a threshing tool, wilderness turned into watered abundance, and idols exposed as wind and emptiness together make this chapter the first full forensic confrontation of Isaiah's consolation section. It opens like a world-trial. The coastlands are commanded to be silent and renew strength so that they may approach for judgment, and immediately the question is raised: who has stirred up the one from the east and handed nations and kings over before him? The answer is not the conqueror himself but YHWH, the first and with the last, who calls the generations from the beginning. The nations react in fear, yet their answer is not repentance but mutual encouragement in the manufacture of idols. Against that frantic religiosity, Israel is addressed in wholly different terms. Jacob is not merely one more frightened nation. He is the servant taken from the ends of the earth, chosen and not rejected, told not to fear because God is with him, upheld by righteous right hand, and promised that enemies will become as nothing. The comfort then intensifies in startling images. Worm Jacob and men of Israel are redeemed and turned into a sharp threshing instrument, while the poor and needy seeking water are met by the God who opens rivers, fountains, pools, and springs, and plants the wilderness with trees as an enacted revelation that YHWH alone has done this. The final movement returns to the lawsuit form and presses the idols to prove themselves through knowledge of past and future. They cannot answer. Their works are nothing, their images are emptiness, and the chapter closes by naming Zion's heralded good news over against the false gods' silence. Taken together, cosmic summons, imperial instrument, covenant reassurance, anti-fear exhortation, remnant empowerment, new-creation water, and anti-idol trial form a chapter where consolation advances not by sentiment alone but by demonstrating that YHWH governs history, sustains his servant people, and exposes every rival claim to divinity as void.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Seven linked movements shape the chapter: the summons of coastlands and peoples into a scene of judgment (v. 1), the raising of the eastward conqueror under YHWH's historical sovereignty (vv. 2-4), the fearful nations strengthening one another in idol manufacture (vv. 5-7), the address to Israel as chosen servant not rejected but upheld and defended by God (vv. 8-13), the transformation of lowly Jacob together with the wilderness gift for the poor and needy (vv. 14-20), the legal challenge to the idols to declare the former and latter things (vv. 21-24), and the closing contrast between YHWH's own raised herald and the emptiness of idol oracles and makers (vv. 25-29). Verse 1 should preserve the courtroom tone. The coastlands are called to silence before YHWH, peoples renew strength, approach, speak, and draw near for judgment. The language is formal and adversarial rather than merely poetic. Verses 2-4 should be translated with close attention to both military movement and theological authorship. The figure from the east is stirred up, righteousness is called to his foot, nations are given before him, and kings are subdued. Dust, stubble, pursuit, and untraveled paths all intensify his irresistible advance. Yet the controlling question is who has done this, and verse 4 answers decisively: YHWH, the first and with the last, he is the one. Translation should preserve that shift from agent on the stage to Lord over the whole sequence of generations. Verses 5-7 then describe the nations' reaction and should keep their irony. Fear spreads to coastlands and earth's edges, but instead of turning to the true God, craftsmen, goldsmith, hammerer, and anvil-worker encourage one another and fasten the idol so that it will not totter. The scene should remain almost tactile in its absurdity. Verses 8-13 pivot sharply toward Israel and must preserve the language of election and reassurance. Israel, Jacob, and seed of Abraham my friend are named as servant, chosen one, and people taken from earth's ends. Verse 9's declaration 'I have chosen you and not rejected you' is especially important and should remain direct. The repeated 'do not fear' and 'I am with you' language in verses 10 and 13 should retain its personal force, as should the right-hand imagery of strengthening, helping, upholding, and taking hold. Verses 11-12 also promise the vanishing of hostile litigants and combatants; the vocabulary of striving and warring should remain visible. Verses 14-20 intensify the comfort through lowliness and transformation. Worm Jacob and men of Israel are not flattering titles and should not be blunted. Their force is precisely that the Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel, pledges help to the weak. Verse 15's new sharp threshing sledge with many teeth should remain concrete, since the point is not general encouragement but empowered reversal. Verses 17-18 then turn to the poor and needy seeking water; the opening of rivers on heights, fountains in valleys, wilderness pools, and dry land springs should remain materially vivid. The tree list in verse 19 should also remain itemized where possible, because the accumulated planting serves verse 20's purpose: all may see, know, consider, and understand together that YHWH's hand has done this. Verses 21-24 reopen the lawsuit directly against the idols and should preserve the forensic challenge. They are summoned to bring their case, declare former things, announce what is to come, or do good or evil so that observers may be startled together. The inability of the idols is the point, so verse 24's verdict must remain sharp: they are nothing, their work is nothing, and whoever chooses them is an abomination. Verses 25-29 close by contrasting YHWH's own effective declaration with the silence of the false gods. The one stirred up from the north and east is under YHWH's control, Zion receives first good news and a herald, and when YHWH looks among the idols there is no counselor and no answer. The final verdict that they are all vanity, their works nothing, and their molten images wind and emptiness should remain terse and devastating. Taken together, the chapter should therefore be translated as a consolatory lawsuit in which YHWH alone proves able to govern history, sustain Israel his servant, renew creation for the needy, and speak truth about former and latter things. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

הַחֲרִ֤ישׁוּ אֵלַי֙ אִיִּ֔ים וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים יַחֲלִ֣יפוּ כֹ֑חַ יִגְּשׁוּ֙ אָ֣ז יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ יַחְדָּ֖ו לַמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט נִקְרָֽבָה

Keep silence before me, O islands; and let the people renew strength: let them come near; then let them speak: let us come near together to judgment.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and is silent'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
הַחֲרִ֤ישׁוּand is silentHiphil impv 2mp · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָרַשׁ (H2790) 'and is silent'.
אֵלַי֙to meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
אִיִּ֔יםcoastlands ofN c · אִי (H339)Construct chain (genitival)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
וּלְאֻמִּ֖יםpeoplesconj וְ + N com m pl abs · לְאֹם (H3816)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְאֹם (H3816) 'peoples'.
יַחֲלִ֣יפוּand changedHiphil impf 3mp · חָלַף (H2498)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַף (H2498) 'and changed'.
כֹ֑חַpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
יִגְּשׁוּ֙shall approachQal impf 3mp · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'shall approach'.
אָ֣זthenart · אָז (H227)Particle or relational elementאָז (H227) 'then'.
יְדַבֵּ֔רוּand he spokePiel impf 3mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he spoke'.
יַחְדָּ֖וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
לַמִּשְׁפָּ֥טfor judgmentprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'for judgment'.
נִקְרָֽבָהand he shall presentQal cohortative 1cp · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalקָרַב (H7126) 'and he shall present'.
2

מִ֤י הֵעִיר֙ מִמִּזְרָ֔ח צֶ֖דֶק יִקְרָאֵ֣הוּ לְרַגְל֑וֹ יִתֵּ֨ן לְפָנָ֤יו גּוֹיִם֙ וּמְלָכִ֣ים יַ֔רְדְּ יִתֵּ֤ן כֶּֽעָפָר֙ חַרְבּ֔וֹ כְּקַ֥שׁ נִדָּ֖ף קַשְׁתּֽוֹ

Who raised up the righteous from the east, called him to his foot, gave the nations before him, and made rule over kings? he gave as the dust to his sword, as driven stubble to his bow.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'awake'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
הֵעִיר֙awakeHiphil perf 3ms · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
מִמִּזְרָ֔חfrom the eastprep + N com m sg abs · מִזְרָח (H4217)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִזְרָח (H4217) 'from the east'.
צֶ֖דֶקjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
יִקְרָאֵ֣הוּand he calledQal impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
לְרַגְל֑וֹhis feetprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · רֶגֶל (H7272)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'his feet'.
יִתֵּ֨ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
לְפָנָ֤יוbefore himprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before him'.
גּוֹיִם֙nationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
וּמְלָכִ֣יםand kingsconj וְ + N com m pl abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'and kings'.
יַ֔רְדְּwent down / ruledHiphil impf 3ms · רָדָה (H7287)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָדָה (H7287) 'went down / ruled'.
יִתֵּ֤ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
כֶּֽעָפָר֙like the dust ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · עָפָר (H6083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָפָר (H6083) 'like the dust of'.
חַרְבּ֔וֹhis swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'his sword'.
כְּקַ֥שׁlike stubble.prep + N com m sg abs · קַשׁ (H7179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קַשׁ (H7179) 'like stubble.'.
נִדָּ֖ףdrivenN · נָדַף (H5086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָדַף (H5086) 'driven'.
קַשְׁתּֽוֹhis bowN c · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Construct chain (genitival)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'his bow'.
3

יִרְדְּפֵ֖ם יַעֲב֣וֹר שָׁל֑וֹם אֹ֥רַח בְּרַגְלָ֖יו לֹ֥א יָבֽוֹא

He pursued them, passed safely; by the way he had not gone with his feet.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they pursued'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יִרְדְּפֵ֖םand they pursuedQal impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · רָדַף (H7291)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָדַף (H7291) 'and they pursued'.
יַעֲב֣וֹרare crossingQal impf 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַר (H5674) 'are crossing'.
שָׁל֑וֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
אֹ֥רַחthe way ofN c · אֹרַח (H734)Construct chain (genitival)אֹרַח (H734) 'the way of'.
בְּרַגְלָ֖יוon footprep + N com f du constr + sfx 3ms · רֶגֶל (H7272)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'on foot'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָבֽוֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
4

מִֽי פָעַ֣ל וְעָשָׂ֔ה קֹרֵ֥א הַדֹּר֖וֹת מֵרֹ֑אשׁ אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ רִאשׁ֔וֹן וְאֶת אַחֲרֹנִ֖ים אֲנִי הֽוּא

Who has wrought and done , calling the generations from the beginning? I YHWH, the first, and with the last; I he.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'did'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
פָעַ֣לdidQal perf 3ms · פָּעַל (H6466)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
וְעָשָׂ֔הand makeconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and make'.
קֹרֵ֥אhe calledQal ptc ms · קָרָא (H7121)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָרָא (H7121) 'he called'.
הַדֹּר֖וֹתthroughout your generationsart + N com m pl abs · דּוֹר (H1755)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דּוֹר (H1755) 'throughout your generations'.
מֵרֹ֑אשׁfrom the top ofprep + N com m sg abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'from the top of'.
אֲנִ֤יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
רִאשׁ֔וֹןfirstAdj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'.
וְאֶתand withconj וְ + prep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'and with'.
אַחֲרֹנִ֖יםbehind themAdj · אַחֲרוֹן (H314)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֲרוֹן (H314) 'behind them'.
אֲנִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
5

רָא֤וּ אִיִּים֙ וְיִירָ֔אוּ קְצ֥וֹת הָאָ֖רֶץ יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ קָרְב֖וּ וַיֶּאֱתָיֽוּן

The isles saw , and feared; the ends of the earth were afraid, drew near, and came.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
רָא֤וּsawQal perf 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'saw'.
אִיִּים֙coastlands ofN c · אִי (H339)Construct chain (genitival)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
וְיִירָ֔אוּand they fearedconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרֵא (H3372) 'and they feared'.
קְצ֥וֹתthe ends ofN c · קָצֶה (H7098)Construct chain (genitival)קָצֶה (H7098) 'the ends of'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
יֶחֱרָ֑דוּand ... trembledQal impf 3mp · חָרַד (H2729)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַד (H2729) 'and ... trembled'.
קָרְב֖וּcome nearQal perf 3cp · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרַב (H7126) 'come near'.
וַיֶּאֱתָיֽוּןand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp + Sn · אָתָה (H857)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָתָה (H857) 'and he came'.
6

אִ֥ישׁ אֶת רֵעֵ֖הוּ יַעְזֹ֑רוּ וּלְאָחִ֖יו יֹאמַ֥ר חֲזָֽק

They helped every one his neighbour; and said to his brother, Be of good courage.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and help you'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִ֥ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
רֵעֵ֖הוּhis neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
יַעְזֹ֑רוּand help youQal impf 3mp · עָזַר (H5826)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
וּלְאָחִ֖יוand for his brotherconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אָח (H251)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָח (H251) 'and for his brother'.
יֹאמַ֥רhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
חֲזָֽקbe strongQal impv 2ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
7

וַיְחַזֵּ֤ק חָרָשׁ֙ אֶת צֹרֵ֔ף מַחֲלִ֥יק פַּטִּ֖ישׁ אֶת ה֣וֹלֶם פָּ֑עַם אֹמֵ֤ר לַדֶּ֨בֶק֙ ט֣וֹב ה֔וּא וַיְחַזְּקֵ֥הוּ בְמַסְמְרִ֖ים לֹ֥א יִמּֽוֹט

So the carpenter encouraged the goldsmith, he that smootheth the hammer him that smote the anvil, saying, It ready for the sodering: and he fastened it with nails, it should not be moved.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and...hardened'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְחַזֵּ֤קand...hardenedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָזַק (H2388) 'and...hardened'.
חָרָשׁ֙a craftsmanN c · חָרָשׁ (H2796)Construct chain (genitival)חָרָשׁ (H2796) 'a craftsman'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
צֹרֵ֔ףandQal ptc ms · צָרַף (H6884)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַף (H6884) 'and'.
מַחֲלִ֥יקshall be dividedHiphil ptc ms · חָלַק (H2505)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָלַק (H2505) 'shall be divided'.
פַּטִּ֖ישׁhammerN c · פַּטִּישׁ (H6360)Construct chain (genitival)פַּטִּישׁ (H6360) 'hammer'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
ה֣וֹלֶםhammeredQal ptc ms · הָלַם (H1986)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַם (H1986) 'hammered'.
פָּ֑עַםtimeN c · פַּעַם (H6471)Construct chain (genitival)פַּעַם (H6471) 'time'.
אֹמֵ֤רhe saidQal ptc ms · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
לַדֶּ֨בֶק֙jointprep + art + N com m sg abs · דֶּבֶק (H1694)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּבֶק (H1694) 'joint'.
ט֣וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
ה֔וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
וַיְחַזְּקֵ֥הוּbe strongconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
בְמַסְמְרִ֖יםinprep + N com c pl abs · מַסְמֵר (H4548)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַסְמֵר (H4548) 'in'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִמּֽוֹטshall slipN · מוֹט (H4131)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹט (H4131) 'shall slip'.
8

וְאַתָּה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עַבְדִּ֔י יַעֲקֹ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּחַרְתִּ֑יךָ זֶ֖רַע אַבְרָהָ֥ם אֹהֲבִֽי

But you, Israel, my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he will choose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְאַתָּה֙and youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֣לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
עַבְדִּ֔יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
יַעֲקֹ֖בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בְּחַרְתִּ֑יךָhe will chooseQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּחַר (H977) 'he will choose'.
זֶ֖רַעseedN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'.
אַבְרָהָ֥םAbrahamN · אַבְרָהָם (H85)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַבְרָהָם (H85) 'Abraham'.
אֹהֲבִֽיto loveQal ptc ms + sfx 1cs · אָהַב (H157)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָהַב (H157) 'to love'.
9

אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶחֱזַקְתִּ֨יךָ֙ מִקְצ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמֵאֲצִילֶ֖יהָ קְרָאתִ֑יךָ וָאֹ֤מַר לְךָ֙ עַבְדִּי אַ֔תָּה בְּחַרְתִּ֖יךָ וְלֹ֥א מְאַסְתִּֽיךָ

whom I have taken from the ends of the earth, and called you from the chief men thereof, and said to you, You my servant; I have chosen you, and not cast you away.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'be strong'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הֶחֱזַקְתִּ֨יךָ֙be strongHiphil perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
מִקְצ֣וֹתthe ends ofprep + N com c pl constr · קָצֶה (H7098)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָצֶה (H7098) 'the ends of'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וּמֵאֲצִילֶ֖יהָthe nobles ofconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3fs · אָצִיל (H678)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָצִיל (H678) 'the nobles of'.
קְרָאתִ֑יךָI called youQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'I called you'.
וָאֹ֤מַרand I saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
לְךָ֙to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
עַבְדִּיthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
אַ֔תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
בְּחַרְתִּ֖יךָhe will chooseQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּחַר (H977) 'he will choose'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
מְאַסְתִּֽיךָdespiseQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · מָאַס (H3988)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָאַס (H3988) 'despise'.
10

אַל תִּירָא֙ כִּ֣י עִמְּךָ אָ֔נִי אַל תִּשְׁתָּ֖ע כִּֽי אֲנִ֣י אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אִמַּצְתִּ֨יךָ֙ אַף עֲזַרְתִּ֔יךָ אַף תְּמַכְתִּ֖יךָ בִּימִ֥ין צִדְקִֽי

Fear you not; for I with you: be not dismayed; for I your God: I will strengthen you; yea, I will help you; yea, I will uphold you with the right hand of my righteousness.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'fear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּירָא֙fearQal jussive 2ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עִמְּךָwith youprep + sfx 2ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with you'.
אָ֔נִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּשְׁתָּ֖עlet them pay heedQal jussive 2ms · שָׁעָה (H8159)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׁעָה (H8159) 'let them pay heed'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲנִ֣יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
אִמַּצְתִּ֨יךָ֙and be courageousPiel perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · אָמַץ (H553)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַץ (H553) 'and be courageous'.
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
עֲזַרְתִּ֔יךָand help youQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · עָזַר (H5826)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
תְּמַכְתִּ֖יךָheld upQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · תָּמַךְ (H8551)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actתָּמַךְ (H8551) 'held up'.
בִּימִ֥יןthe rightprep + N com f sg constr · יָמִין (H3225)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָמִין (H3225) 'the right'.
צִדְקִֽיjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
11

הֵ֤ן יֵבֹ֨שׁוּ֙ וְיִכָּ֣לְמ֔וּ כֹּ֖ל הַנֶּחֱרִ֣ים בָּ֑ךְ יִֽהְי֥וּ כְאַ֛יִן וְיֹאבְד֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֥י רִיבֶֽךָ

Behold, all they that were incensed against you shall be ashamed and confounded: they shall be as nothing; and they that strive with you shall perish.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'were ashamed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הֵ֤ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
יֵבֹ֨שׁוּ֙were ashamedQal impf 3mp · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
וְיִכָּ֣לְמ֔וּyou have humiliated meconj וְ + Niphal impf 3mp · כָּלַם (H3637)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּלַם (H3637) 'you have humiliated me'.
כֹּ֖לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַנֶּחֱרִ֣יםand it burnedart + Niphal ptc mp · חָרָה (H2734)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָרָה (H2734) 'and it burned'.
בָּ֑ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
יִֽהְי֥וּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
כְאַ֛יִןthere is notprep + N com m sg abs · אַיִן (H369)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
וְיֹאבְד֖וּand they perishedconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'and they perished'.
אַנְשֵׁ֥יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
רִיבֶֽךָdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
12

תְּבַקְשֵׁם֙ וְלֹ֣א תִמְצָאֵ֔ם אַנְשֵׁ֖י מַצֻּתֶ֑ךָ יִהְי֥וּ כְאַ֛יִן וּכְאֶ֖פֶס אַנְשֵׁ֥י מִלְחַמְתֶּֽךָ

You shall seek them, and shall not find them, them that contended with you: they that war against you shall be as nothing, and as a thing of nought.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'seeking'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
תְּבַקְשֵׁם֙seekingPiel impf 2ms + sfx 3mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תִמְצָאֵ֔םI have foundQal impf 2ms + sfx 3mp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
אַנְשֵׁ֖יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
מַצֻּתֶ֑ךָthat contendedN c · מַצּוּת (H4695)Construct chain (genitival)מַצּוּת (H4695) 'that contended'.
יִהְי֥וּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
כְאַ֛יִןthere is notprep + N com m sg abs · אַיִן (H369)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
וּכְאֶ֖פֶסthe ends ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · אֶפֶס (H657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפֶס (H657) 'the ends of'.
אַנְשֵׁ֥יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
מִלְחַמְתֶּֽךָwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
13

כִּ֗י אֲנִ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מַחֲזִ֣יק יְמִינֶ֑ךָ הָאֹמֵ֥ר לְךָ֛ אַל תִּירָ֖א אֲנִ֥י עֲזַרְתִּֽיךָ

For I YHWH your God will hold your right hand, saying to you, Fear not; I will help you.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'holding fast'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּ֗יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲנִ֛יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
מַחֲזִ֣יקholding fastHiphil ptc ms · חָזַק (H2388)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָזַק (H2388) 'holding fast'.
יְמִינֶ֑ךָYour right hand,N c · יָמִין (H3225)Construct chain (genitival)יָמִין (H3225) 'Your right hand,'.
הָאֹמֵ֥רwho saidart + Qal ptc ms · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'who said'.
לְךָ֛to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּירָ֖אfearQal jussive 2ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
אֲנִ֥יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
עֲזַרְתִּֽיךָand help youQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · עָזַר (H5826)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
14

אַל תִּֽירְאִי֙ תּוֹלַ֣עַת יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב מְתֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲנִ֤י עֲזַרְתִּיךְ֙ נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה וְגֹאֲלֵ֖ךְ קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

Fear not, you worm Jacob, you men of Israel; I will help you, says YHWH, and your redeemer, the Holy One of Israel.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'fear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּֽירְאִי֙fearQal jussive 2fs · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
תּוֹלַ֣עַתworm ofN c · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438) 'worm of'.
יַֽעֲקֹ֔בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
מְתֵ֖יmen ofN c · מַת (H4962)Construct chain (genitival)מַת (H4962) 'men of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אֲנִ֤יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
עֲזַרְתִּיךְ֙and help youQal perf 1cs + sfx 2fs · עָזַר (H5826)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְגֹאֲלֵ֖ךְthe avenger ofconj וְ + Qal ptc ms + sfx 2fs · גָּאַל (H1350)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּאַל (H1350) 'the avenger of'.
קְד֥וֹשׁholyAdj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
15

הִנֵּ֣ה שַׂמְתִּ֗יךְ לְמוֹרַג֙ חָר֣וּץ חָדָ֔שׁ בַּ֖עַל פִּֽיפִיּ֑וֹת תָּד֤וּשׁ הָרִים֙ וְתָדֹ֔ק וּגְבָע֖וֹת כַּמֹּ֥ץ תָּשִֽׂים

Behold, I will make you a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth: you shall thresh the mountains, and beat small, and shall make the hills as chaff.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
הִנֵּ֣הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
שַׂמְתִּ֗יךְand he setQal perf 1cs + sfx 2fs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
לְמוֹרַג֙andprep + N com m sg constr · מוֹרַג (H4173)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹרַג (H4173) 'and'.
חָר֣וּץdecisionN c · חֲרוּץ (H2742)Construct chain (genitival)חֲרוּץ (H2742) 'decision'.
חָדָ֔שׁnewAdj · חָדָשׁ (H2319)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָדָשׁ (H2319) 'new'.
בַּ֖עַלa husbandN c · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167) 'a husband'.
פִּֽיפִיּ֑וֹתtoothN c · פִּיפִיָּה (H6374)Construct chain (genitival)פִּיפִיָּה (H6374) 'tooth'.
תָּד֤וּשׁwhile it threshesQal impf 2ms · דּוּשׁ (H1758)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדּוּשׁ (H1758) 'while it threshes'.
הָרִים֙hillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
וְתָדֹ֔קit was fineconj וְ + Qal impf 2ms · דָּקַק (H1854)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּקַק (H1854) 'it was fine'.
וּגְבָע֖וֹתthe hills ofconj וְ + N com f pl abs · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
כַּמֹּ֥ץas / likeprep + art + N com m sg abs · מֹץ (H4671)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֹץ (H4671) 'as / like'.
תָּשִֽׂיםyou shall setQal impf 2ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'you shall set'.
16

תִּזְרֵם֙ וְר֣וּחַ תִּשָּׂאֵ֔ם וּסְעָרָ֖ה תָּפִ֣יץ אוֹתָ֑ם וְאַתָּה֙ תָּגִ֣יל בַּֽיהוָ֔ה בִּקְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תִּתְהַלָּֽל

You shall fan them, and the wind shall carry them away, and the whirlwind shall scatter them: and you shall rejoice in YHWH, shall glory in the Holy One of Israel.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will scatter'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
תִּזְרֵם֙I will scatterQal impf 2ms + sfx 3mp · זָרָה (H2219)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָרָה (H2219) 'I will scatter'.
וְר֣וּחַand the wind ofconj וְ + N com c sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'and the wind of'.
תִּשָּׂאֵ֔םlifts upQal impf 3fs + sfx 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
וּסְעָרָ֖הinconj וְ + N com f sg abs · סַעַר (H5591)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סַעַר (H5591) 'in'.
תָּפִ֣יץand let be scatteredHiphil impf 3fs · פוּץ (H6327)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפוּץ (H6327) 'and let be scattered'.
אוֹתָ֑םthemobj marker + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'them'.
וְאַתָּה֙and youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
תָּגִ֣ילbe gladQal impf 2ms · גִּיל (H1523)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגִּיל (H1523) 'be glad'.
בַּֽיהוָ֔הagainst YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'against YHWH'.
בִּקְד֥וֹשׁholyprep + Adj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
תִּתְהַלָּֽלand they praisedHithpael impf 2ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
17

הָעֲנִיִּ֨ים וְהָאֶבְיוֹנִ֜ים מְבַקְשִׁ֥ים מַ֨יִם֙ וָאַ֔יִן לְשׁוֹנָ֖ם בַּצָּמָ֣א נָשָׁ֑תָּה אֲנִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶעֱנֵ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֵֽם

the poor and needy seek water, and none, their tongue faileth for thirst, I YHWH will hear them, I the God of Israel will not forsake them.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'seeking'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
הָעֲנִיִּ֨יםpoorart + Adj · עָנִי (H6041)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנִי (H6041) 'poor'.
וְהָאֶבְיוֹנִ֜יםpoorconj וְ + art + Adj · אֶבְיוֹן (H34)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבְיוֹן (H34) 'poor'.
מְבַקְשִׁ֥יםseekingPiel ptc mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
מַ֨יִם֙waterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
וָאַ֔יִןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
לְשׁוֹנָ֖םby their languagesN c · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Construct chain (genitival)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'by their languages'.
בַּצָּמָ֣אwith thirstprep + art + N com m sg abs · צָמָא (H6772)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָמָא (H6772) 'with thirst'.
נָשָׁ֑תָּהfailQal perf 3fs · נָשַׁת (H5405)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשַׁת (H5405) 'fail'.
אֲנִ֤יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶעֱנֵ֔םand answeredQal impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
אֱלֹהֵ֥יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶעֶזְבֵֽםyou forsakeQal impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
18

אֶפְתַּ֤ח עַל שְׁפָיִים֙ נְהָר֔וֹת וּבְת֥וֹךְ בְּקָע֖וֹת מַעְיָנ֑וֹת אָשִׂ֤ים מִדְבָּר֙ לַאֲגַם מַ֔יִם וְאֶ֥רֶץ צִיָּ֖ה לְמוֹצָ֥אֵי מָֽיִם

I will open rivers in high places, and fountains in the midst of the valleys: I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he opened'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אֶפְתַּ֤חand he openedQal impf 1cs · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּתַח (H6605) 'and he opened'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שְׁפָיִים֙to a bare heightN c · שֶׁפִי (H8205)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁפִי (H8205) 'to a bare height'.
נְהָר֔וֹתthe riverN c · נָהָר (H5104)Construct chain (genitival)נָהָר (H5104) 'the river'.
וּבְת֥וֹךְand into the midst ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'and into the midst of'.
בְּקָע֖וֹתthe valley ofN c · בִּקְעָה (H1237)Construct chain (genitival)בִּקְעָה (H1237) 'the valley of'.
מַעְיָנ֑וֹתthe spring ofN c · מַעְיָן (H4599)Construct chain (genitival)מַעְיָן (H4599) 'the spring of'.
אָשִׂ֤יםputQal impf 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'put'.
מִדְבָּר֙the wilderness ofN c · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Construct chain (genitival)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'the wilderness of'.
לַאֲגַםtheir poolsprep + N com m sg constr · אֲגַם (H98)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲגַם (H98) 'their pools'.
מַ֔יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
וְאֶ֥רֶץand earthconj וְ + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'and earth'.
צִיָּ֖הbarrenN c · צִיָּה (H6723)Construct chain (genitival)צִיָּה (H6723) 'barren'.
לְמוֹצָ֥אֵיthe utterance ofprep + N com m pl constr · מוֹצָא (H4161)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹצָא (H4161) 'the utterance of'.
מָֽיִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
19

אֶתֵּ֤ן בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֶ֣רֶז שִׁטָּ֔ה וַהֲדַ֖ס וְעֵ֣ץ שָׁ֑מֶן אָשִׂ֣ים בָּעֲרָבָ֗ה בְּר֛וֹשׁ תִּדְהָ֥ר וּתְאַשּׁ֖וּר יַחְדָּֽו

I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the shittah tree, and the myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the fir tree, the pine, and the box tree together:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אֶתֵּ֤ןI will giveQal impf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'I will give'.
בַּמִּדְבָּר֙in the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
אֶ֣רֶזcedarN c · אֶרֶז (H730)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶז (H730) 'cedar'.
שִׁטָּ֔הacaciaN c · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia'.
וַהֲדַ֖סandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · הֲדַס (H1918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֲדַס (H1918) 'and'.
וְעֵ֣ץand the tree ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'and the tree of'.
שָׁ֑מֶןthe oil ofN c · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'the oil of'.
אָשִׂ֣יםputQal impf 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'put'.
בָּעֲרָבָ֗הin the Arabahprep + art + N com f sg abs · עֲרָבָה (H6160)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲרָבָה (H6160) 'in the Arabah'.
בְּר֛וֹשׁfirN c · בְּרוֹשׁ (H1265)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרוֹשׁ (H1265) 'fir'.
תִּדְהָ֥רpineN c · תִּדְהָר (H8410)Construct chain (genitival)תִּדְהָר (H8410) 'pine'.
וּתְאַשּׁ֖וּרandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · תְּאַשּׁוּר (H8391)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּאַשּׁוּר (H8391) 'and'.
יַחְדָּֽוtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
20

לְמַ֧עַן יִרְא֣וּ וְיֵדְע֗וּ וְיָשִׂ֤ימוּ וְיַשְׂכִּ֨ילוּ֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו כִּ֥י יַד יְהוָ֖ה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּ֑את וּקְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּרָאָֽהּ

That they may see, and know, and consider, and understand together, that the hand of YHWH has done this, and the Holy One of Israel has created it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall they appear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
לְמַ֧עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
יִרְא֣וּshall they appearQal impf 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall they appear'.
וְיֵדְע֗וּand they shall knowconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'and they shall know'.
וְיָשִׂ֤ימוּand they putconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'and they put'.
וְיַשְׂכִּ֨ילוּ֙you may prosperconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3mp · שָׂכַל (H7919)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂכַל (H7919) 'you may prosper'.
יַחְדָּ֔וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יַדthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עָ֣שְׂתָהshe has doneQal perf 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'she has done'.
זֹּ֑אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
וּקְד֥וֹשׁholyconj וְ + Adj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
בְּרָאָֽהּcreatedQal perf 3ms + sfx 3fs · בָּרָא (H1254)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּרָא (H1254) 'created'.
21

קָרְב֥וּ רִֽיבְכֶ֖ם יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה הַגִּ֨ישׁוּ֙ עֲצֻמ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם יֹאמַ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ יַעֲקֹֽב

Produce your cause, says YHWH; bring forth your strong , says the King of Jacob.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'come near'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
קָרְב֥וּcome nearPiel impv 2mp · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָרַב (H7126) 'come near'.
רִֽיבְכֶ֖םdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
יֹאמַ֣רhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הַגִּ֨ישׁוּ֙and they drew nearHiphil impv 2mp · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'and they drew near'.
עֲצֻמ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔םstrongN c · עַצֻּמָה (H6110)Construct chain (genitival)עַצֻּמָה (H6110) 'strong'.
יֹאמַ֖רhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
מֶ֥לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
יַעֲקֹֽבJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
22

יַגִּ֨ישׁוּ֙ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֔נוּ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּקְרֶ֑ינָה הָרִאשֹׁנ֣וֹת מָ֣ה הֵ֗נָּה הַגִּ֜ידוּ וְנָשִׂ֤ימָה לִבֵּ֨נוּ֙ וְנֵדְעָ֣ה אַחֲרִיתָ֔ן א֥וֹ הַבָּא֖וֹת הַשְׁמִיעֻֽנוּ

Let them bring forth, and shew us what shall happen: let them shew the former things, what they , that we may consider them, and know the latter end of them; or declare us things for to come.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they drew near'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
יַגִּ֨ישׁוּ֙and they drew nearHiphil impf 3mp · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'and they drew near'.
וְיַגִּ֣ידוּand toldconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'and told'.
לָ֔נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
אֵ֖ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
תִּקְרֶ֑ינָהand he metQal impf 3fp · קָרָה (H7136)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָה (H7136) 'and he met'.
הָרִאשֹׁנ֣וֹתthe firstart + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'the first'.
מָ֣הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
הֵ֗נָּהtheypron 3fp · הֵנָּה (H2007)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵנָּה (H2007) 'they'.
הַגִּ֜ידוּtellHiphil impv 2mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָגַד (H5046) 'tell'.
וְנָשִׂ֤ימָהand he setconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
לִבֵּ֨נוּ֙his heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
וְנֵדְעָ֣הthat we may know themconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָדַע (H3045) 'that we may know them'.
אַחֲרִיתָ֔ןin the latterN c · אַחֲרִית (H319)Construct chain (genitival)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'in the latter'.
א֥וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
הַבָּא֖וֹתand they cameart + Qal ptc fp · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
הַשְׁמִיעֻֽנוּand he heardHiphil impv 2mp + sfx 1cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
23

הַגִּ֨ידוּ֙ הָאֹתִיּ֣וֹת לְאָח֔וֹר וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔ה כִּ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים אַתֶּ֑ם אַף תֵּיטִ֣יבוּ וְתָרֵ֔עוּ וְנִשְׁתָּ֖עָה ונרא וְנִרְאֶ֥ה יַחְדָּֽו

Shew the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that you gods: yea, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, and behold together.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'tell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הַגִּ֨ידוּ֙tellHiphil impv 2mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָגַד (H5046) 'tell'.
הָאֹתִיּ֣וֹתand he cameart + Qal ptc fp · אָתָה (H857)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָתָה (H857) 'and he came'.
לְאָח֔וֹרbackwardprep + N com m sg abs · אָחוֹר (H268)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָחוֹר (H268) 'backward'.
וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔הthat we may know themconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָדַע (H3045) 'that we may know them'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
אַתֶּ֑םyoupron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
תֵּיטִ֣יבוּit may go wellHiphil impf 2mp · יָטַב (H3190)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
וְתָרֵ֔עוּand it was displeasingconj וְ + Hiphil impf 2mp · רָעַע (H7489)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
וְנִשְׁתָּ֖עָהlet them pay heedconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · שָׁעָה (H8159)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשָׁעָה (H8159) 'let them pay heed'.
ונראand he sawconj וְ + Qal impf 1cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
וְנִרְאֶ֥הand we shall seeconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalרָאָה (H7200) 'and we shall see'.
יַחְדָּֽוtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
24

הֵן אַתֶּ֣ם מֵאַ֔יִן וּפָעָלְכֶ֖ם מֵאָ֑פַע תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה יִבְחַ֥ר בָּכֶֽם

Behold, you of nothing, and your work of nought: an abomination chooseth you.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he will choose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֵןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
אַתֶּ֣םyoupron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
מֵאַ֔יִןthere is notprep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
וּפָעָלְכֶ֖םhis workconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 2mp · פֹּעַל (H6467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֹּעַל (H6467) 'his work'.
מֵאָ֑פַעfromprep + N com m sg abs · אֵפַע (H659)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵפַע (H659) 'from'.
תּוֹעֵבָ֖הan abominationN c · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination'.
יִבְחַ֥רhe will chooseQal impf 3ms · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּחַר (H977) 'he will choose'.
בָּכֶֽםagainst youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against you'.
25

הַעִיר֤וֹתִי מִצָּפוֹן֙ וַיַּ֔את מִמִּזְרַח שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ יִקְרָ֣א בִשְׁמִ֑י וְיָבֹ֤א סְגָנִים֙ כְּמוֹ חֹ֔מֶר וּכְמ֥וֹ יוֹצֵ֖ר יִרְמָס טִֽיט

I have raised up from the north, and he shall come: from the rising of the sun shall he call upon my name: and he shall come upon princes as morter, and as the potter treadeth clay.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'awake'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
הַעִיר֤וֹתִיawakeHiphil perf 1cs · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
מִצָּפוֹן֙north ofprep + N com f sg abs · צָפוֹן (H6828)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָפוֹן (H6828) 'north of'.
וַיַּ֔אתand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָתָה (H857)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָתָה (H857) 'and he came'.
מִמִּזְרַחfrom the eastprep + N com m sg constr · מִזְרָח (H4217)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִזְרָח (H4217) 'from the east'.
שֶׁ֖מֶשׁsunN c · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'sun'.
יִקְרָ֣אshall be calledQal impf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'shall be called'.
בִשְׁמִ֑יin my nameprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in my name'.
וְיָבֹ֤אand he cameconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
סְגָנִים֙princeN c · סָגָן (H5461)Construct chain (genitival)סָגָן (H5461) 'prince'.
כְּמוֹlikeprep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like'.
חֹ֔מֶרa homer ofN c · חֹמֶר (H2563)Construct chain (genitival)חֹמֶר (H2563) 'a homer of'.
וּכְמ֥וֹand asconj וְ + prep · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'and as'.
יוֹצֵ֖רformedN c · יָצַר (H3335)Construct chain (genitival)יָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
יִרְמָסandQal impf 3ms · רָמַס (H7429)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָמַס (H7429) 'and'.
טִֽיטas / likeN c · טִיט (H2916)Construct chain (genitival)טִיט (H2916) 'as / like'.
26

מִֽי הִגִּ֤יד מֵרֹאשׁ֙ וְנֵדָ֔עָה וּמִלְּפָנִ֖ים וְנֹאמַ֣ר צַדִּ֑יק אַ֣ף אֵין מַגִּ֗יד אַ֚ף אֵ֣ין מַשְׁמִ֔יעַ אַ֥ף אֵין שֹׁמֵ֖עַ אִמְרֵיכֶֽם

Who has declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say, righteous? yea, none that sheweth, yea, none that declareth, yea, none that heareth your words.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'told'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
הִגִּ֤ידtoldHiphil perf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) 'told'.
מֵרֹאשׁ֙from the top ofprep + N com m sg abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'from the top of'.
וְנֵדָ֔עָהthat we may know themconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָדַע (H3045) 'that we may know them'.
וּמִלְּפָנִ֖יםbeforeconj וְ + prep + prep + N com c pl abs · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
וְנֹאמַ֣רand we saidconj וְ + Qal impf 1cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'and we said'.
צַדִּ֑יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
אַ֣ףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
אֵיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מַגִּ֗ידone declaringHiphil ptc ms · נָגַד (H5046)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַד (H5046) 'one declaring'.
אַ֚ףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מַשְׁמִ֔יעַand he heardHiphil ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
אַ֥ףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
אֵיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
שֹׁמֵ֖עַlistenQal ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
אִמְרֵיכֶֽםthe words ofN c · אֵמֶר (H561)Construct chain (genitival)אֵמֶר (H561) 'the words of'.
27

רִאשׁ֥וֹן לְצִיּ֖וֹן הִנֵּ֣ה הִנָּ֑ם וְלִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מְבַשֵּׂ֥ר אֶתֵּֽן

The first to Zion, Behold, behold them: and I will give to Jerusalem one that bringeth good tidings.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'to'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
רִאשׁ֥וֹןfirstAdj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'.
לְצִיּ֖וֹןZionprep + N proper · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
הִנֵּ֣הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
הִנָּ֑םbeholdadv. + sfx 3mp · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
וְלִירוּשָׁלִַ֖םJerusalemconj וְ + prep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
מְבַשֵּׂ֥רtoPiel ptc ms · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
אֶתֵּֽןI will giveQal impf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'I will give'.
28

וְאֵ֨רֶא֙ וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ וּמֵאֵ֖לֶּה וְאֵ֣ין יוֹעֵ֑ץ וְאֶשְׁאָלֵ֖ם וְיָשִׁ֥יבוּ דָבָֽר

For I beheld, and no man; even among them, and no counsellor, that, when I asked of them, could answer a word.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and I saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְאֵ֨רֶא֙and I sawconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'and I saw'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
אִ֔ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וּמֵאֵ֖לֶּהand from theseconj וְ + prep + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'and from these'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
יוֹעֵ֑ץlet me advise youQal ptc ms · יָעַץ (H3289)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
וְאֶשְׁאָלֵ֖םaskconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁאַל (H7592) 'ask'.
וְיָשִׁ֥יבוּand they brought backconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and they brought back'.
דָבָֽרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
29

הֵ֣ן כֻּלָּ֔ם אָ֥וֶן אֶ֖פֶס מַעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם ר֥וּחַ וָתֹ֖הוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם

Behold, they all vanity; their works nothing: their molten images wind and confusion.

Linked non-verbal clausehinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Linked non-verbal clause. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֵ֣ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
כֻּלָּ֔םall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
אָ֥וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
אֶ֖פֶסhoweverN c · אֶפֶס (H657)Construct chain (genitival)אֶפֶס (H657) 'however'.
מַעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑םthe work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
ר֥וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
וָתֹ֖הוּand in the howling wasteconj וְ + N com m sg abs · תֹּהוּ (H8414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֹּהוּ (H8414) 'and in the howling waste'.
נִסְכֵּיהֶֽםand their drink offeringsN c · נֶסֶךְ (H5262)Construct chain (genitival)נֶסֶךְ (H5262) 'and their drink offerings'.