Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 42ישעיהו 42

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The servant upheld by YHWH, gentle yet unbroken in bringing justice to the nations, creator-commissioned as covenant and light, a new song rising from sea and wilderness, YHWH advancing like a warrior, and blind Israel exposed under deserved judgment together make this chapter one of Isaiah's most intricate juxtapositions of mission, praise, and rebuke. It opens with the servant-song that sets the tone for a new kind of power. YHWH presents his servant, delights in him, puts his Spirit upon him, and appoints him to bring justice to the nations. Yet his manner is marked by restraint and tenderness: he does not shout in the street, does not break a bruised reed, does not quench a dim wick, and still does not fail until justice is set in the earth. Creator speech then grounds that mission in YHWH's own authority. The God who made heaven, earth, and breath calls the servant in righteousness, gives him as covenant for a people and light for nations, and assigns him to open blind eyes and release prisoners from darkness. From there the chapter surges outward into praise. A new song is demanded from sea, coastlands, deserts, villages of Kedar, Sela, and mountain heights, because YHWH is going forth in zeal and victorious cry. But praise is not the whole story. The same God who long kept silence now acts decisively, both laying waste and leading the blind by a way they did not know. Idols are turned back in shame, while those summoned to hear are themselves blind and deaf. Its final movement is especially severe because the servant-language darkens into indictment: who is blind but my servant, deaf like the messenger I send? Israel had much to see but did not keep it, much to hear but did not listen. So the Lord, pleased for the sake of his righteousness to magnify the law, gave the plundered people over to snare, prison, and fire. Yet even in that severe close, the rebuke prepares the logic of later redemption by naming the blindness, deafness, and covenant contradiction that only YHWH can finally heal. Taken together, servant gentleness, world-mission, creator authority, new song, warrior advent, anti-idol shame, and Israel's judicial blindness form a chapter where consolation is inseparable from vocation and where election without listening becomes judgment.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Seven linked movements shape the chapter: the presentation of YHWH's servant who brings justice gently yet unfailingly (vv. 1-4), the Creator's commissioning speech that gives the servant as covenant and light (vv. 5-9), the summons to a new song from sea, desert, Kedar, and mountain peoples (vv. 10-12), YHWH's warrior-like emergence after long silence together with judgment and guiding mercy (vv. 13-17), the call to hear addressed to the blind and deaf (vv. 18-20), the righteousness of YHWH in magnifying instruction while his people fail to heed it (v. 21), and the closing description of Jacob-Israel as plundered under covenant judgment yet still unperceiving its meaning (vv. 22-25). Verses 1-4 should be translated with close attention to both royal-public vocation and unusual gentleness. Verse 1's 'Behold my servant' should remain direct, and the clustering of support, election, delight, Spirit-gift, and justice-for-the-nations should be preserved. The servant's mission is juridical and international from the beginning. Verses 2-3 are especially important because they describe the manner of that mission through negations and fragile images: he does not cry out or raise his voice in the street; he does not break the bruised reed or quench the dim flax. These should not be paraphrased into bland niceness. The point is disciplined, non-crushing fidelity in the handling of what is weak. Verse 4 balances that gentleness with endurance: he himself will not grow dim or be crushed until he sets justice in the earth, and the coastlands wait for his instruction. Translation should keep the lexical echo between the dim wick of verse 3 and the servant's own refusal to grow dim in verse 4. Verses 5-9 then ground the servant's role in the Creator's authority and should remain high and solemn. YHWH is named as creator of heavens, earth, and breath, and verse 6 should preserve the language of calling in righteousness, grasping by the hand, guarding, and giving as covenant of a people and light of nations. Verse 7's opening of blind eyes and release of prisoners from dungeon and darkness should remain concrete, because the servant's work is emancipatory and perceptual, not only doctrinal. Verse 8's refusal to give glory to another or praise to idols is also crucial; it anchors the servant mission in YHWH's unique deity. Verses 10-12 should be translated with expansive energy. The 'new song' of verse 10, the sea and its fullness, coastlands and inhabitants, wilderness and cities, Kedar's villages, Sela's dwellers, and mountain tops all broaden the sphere of praise. The geography matters because the chapter imagines the servant's significance radiating outward into the world. Verses 13-17 introduce YHWH as warrior and guide and should preserve their startling combination. Verse 13's warrior cry, verse 14's long silence broken by laboring outcry, verse 15's devastation of mountains and waters, and verse 16's guidance of the blind by unknown ways all belong together. Translation should resist smoothing the tension: the same divine intervention that judges and overturns also leads the blind and turns darkness into light for them. Verse 17 then turns the contrast sharply toward the idol-trusters, who are put to shame. Verses 18-21 shift from nations and idols back to Israel's own deafness and blindness. The imperatives to hear and look should remain pointed, and verse 19's painful paradoxes must be preserved: who is blind but my servant, deaf like my messenger, blind like the one at peace, blind like the servant of YHWH? These are not easy lines and should not be prematurely solved in translation. Their sting lies in the contradiction between vocation and perception. Verse 20 continues the indictment through seeing much without keeping it and hearing with open ears without truly listening. Verse 21 then states that YHWH was pleased for the sake of his righteousness to magnify torah and make it glorious; the line should remain affirmative about divine instruction even as the people fail it. Verses 22-25 close with plunder, imprisonment, and uncomprehending judgment. The people are snared, hidden in prison-houses, made spoil, and no one rescues. Verse 24 explicitly names YHWH as the one who gave Jacob to plunder because they would not walk in his ways or obey his law. Verse 25's poured fury, war, and surrounding fire should remain severe, but so should the tragic final note: it burned him, yet he did not know; it kindled against him, yet he did not take it to heart. Taken together, the chapter should therefore be translated as a servant-and-judgment composition in which gentle world-mission and Israel's hard deafness are held side by side under the sovereign righteousness of YHWH. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

הֵ֤ן עַבְדִּי֙ אֶתְמָךְ בּ֔וֹ בְּחִירִ֖י רָצְתָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י נָתַ֤תִּי רוּחִי֙ עָלָ֔יו מִשְׁפָּ֖ט לַגּוֹיִ֥ם יוֹצִֽיא

Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'held up'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
הֵ֤ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
עַבְדִּי֙the servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
אֶתְמָךְheld upQal impf 1cs · תָּמַךְ (H8551)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּמַךְ (H8551) 'held up'.
בּ֔וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
בְּחִירִ֖יchooseAdj · בָּחִיר (H972)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּחִיר (H972) 'choose'.
רָצְתָ֣הit shall be acceptedQal perf 3fs · רָצָה (H7521)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָצָה (H7521) 'it shall be accepted'.
נַפְשִׁ֑יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
נָתַ֤תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'I have given'.
רוּחִי֙my SpiritN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'my Spirit'.
עָלָ֔יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
מִשְׁפָּ֖טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
לַגּוֹיִ֥םinto nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'into nations'.
יוֹצִֽיאshall bring outHiphil impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'shall bring out'.
2

לֹ֥א יִצְעַ֖ק וְלֹ֣א יִשָּׂ֑א וְלֹֽא יַשְׁמִ֥יעַ בַּח֖וּץ קוֹלֽוֹ

He shall not cry, nor lift up, nor cause his voice to be heard in the street.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he cries out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִצְעַ֖קhe cries outQal impf 3ms · צָעַק (H6817)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָעַק (H6817) 'he cries out'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִשָּׂ֑אcarriesQal impf 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'carries'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יַשְׁמִ֥יעַand he heardHiphil impf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
בַּח֖וּץoutsideprep + art + N com m sg abs · חוּץ (H2351)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside'.
קוֹלֽוֹits soundN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'its sound'.
3

קָנֶ֤ה רָצוּץ֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁבּ֔וֹר וּפִשְׁתָּ֥ה כֵהָ֖ה לֹ֣א יְכַבֶּ֑נָּה לֶאֱמֶ֖ת יוֹצִ֥יא מִשְׁפָּֽט

A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment to truth.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and crushed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
קָנֶ֤הthe branchesN c · קָנֶה (H7070)Construct chain (genitival)קָנֶה (H7070) 'the branches'.
רָצוּץ֙and crushedQal ptc ms · רָצַץ (H7533)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָצַץ (H7533) 'and crushed'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִשְׁבּ֔וֹרyou shall breakQal impf 3ms · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁבַר (H7665) 'you shall break'.
וּפִשְׁתָּ֥הand the flaxconj וְ + N com f sg abs · פִּשְׁתָּה (H6594)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּשְׁתָּה (H6594) 'and the flax'.
כֵהָ֖הfadedAdj · כָּהָה (H3544)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּהָה (H3544) 'faded'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יְכַבֶּ֑נָּהit shall go outPiel impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · כָּבָה (H3518)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּבָה (H3518) 'it shall go out'.
לֶאֱמֶ֖תtrueprep + N com f sg abs · אֱמֶת (H571)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱמֶת (H571) 'true'.
יוֹצִ֥יאshall bring outHiphil impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'shall bring out'.
מִשְׁפָּֽטjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
4

לֹ֤א יִכְהֶה֙ וְלֹ֣א יָר֔וּץ עַד יָשִׂ֥ים בָּאָ֖רֶץ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּלְתוֹרָת֖וֹ אִיִּ֥ים יְיַחֵֽילוּ

He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for his law.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'was dim'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִכְהֶה֙was dimQal impf 3ms · כָּהָה (H3543)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּהָה (H3543) 'was dim'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָר֔וּץand crushedQal impf 3ms · רָצַץ (H7533)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָצַץ (H7533) 'and crushed'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
יָשִׂ֥יםputsQal impf 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'puts'.
בָּאָ֖רֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
מִשְׁפָּ֑טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
וּלְתוֹרָת֖וֹthe torahconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'the torah'.
אִיִּ֥יםcoastlands ofN c · אִי (H339)Construct chain (genitival)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
יְיַחֵֽילוּand he waitedPiel impf 3mp · יָחַל (H3176)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָחַל (H3176) 'and he waited'.
5

כֹּֽה אָמַ֞ר הָאֵ֣ל יְהוָ֗ה בּוֹרֵ֤א הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ וְנ֣וֹטֵיהֶ֔ם רֹקַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ וְצֶאֱצָאֶ֑יהָ נֹתֵ֤ן נְשָׁמָה֙ לָעָ֣ם עָלֶ֔יהָ וְר֖וּחַ לַהֹלְכִ֥ים בָּֽהּ

Thus says God YHWH, he that created the heavens, and stretched them out; he that spread forth the earth, and that which cometh out of it; he that giveth breath to the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
כֹּֽהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֞רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
הָאֵ֣לthe Godart + N com m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H410) 'the God'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בּוֹרֵ֤אcreatedQal ptc ms · בָּרָא (H1254)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּרָא (H1254) 'created'.
הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙the heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
וְנ֣וֹטֵיהֶ֔םstretch outconj וְ + Qal ptc ms + sfx 3mp · נָטָה (H5186)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
רֹקַ֥עand they hammered outQal ptc ms · רָקַע (H7554)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָקַע (H7554) 'and they hammered out'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְצֶאֱצָאֶ֑יהָandconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3fs · צֶאֱצָא (H6631)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶאֱצָא (H6631) 'and'.
נֹתֵ֤ןis givingQal ptc ms · נָתַן (H5414)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
נְשָׁמָה֙breathing thingN c · נְשָׁמָה (H5397)Construct chain (genitival)נְשָׁמָה (H5397) 'breathing thing'.
לָעָ֣םas a peopleprep + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'as a people'.
עָלֶ֔יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
וְר֖וּחַand the wind ofconj וְ + N com c sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'and the wind of'.
לַהֹלְכִ֥יםwentprep + art + Qal ptc mp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
בָּֽהּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
6

אֲנִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה קְרָאתִ֥יךָֽ בְצֶ֖דֶק וְאַחְזֵ֣ק בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְאֶצָּרְךָ֗ וְאֶתֶּנְךָ֛ לִבְרִ֥ית עָ֖ם לְא֥וֹר גּוֹיִֽם

I YHWH have called you in righteousness, and will hold your hand, and will keep you, and give you for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I called you'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אֲנִ֧יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
קְרָאתִ֥יךָֽI called youQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'I called you'.
בְצֶ֖דֶקin righteousnessprep + N com m sg abs · צֶדֶק (H6664)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'in righteousness'.
וְאַחְזֵ֣קbe strongconj וְ + Hiphil impf 1cs · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
בְּיָדֶ֑ךָinto your handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'into your hand'.
וְאֶצָּרְךָ֗he guarded himconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs + sfx 2ms · נָצַר (H5341)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצַר (H5341) 'he guarded him'.
וְאֶתֶּנְךָ֛is givingconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs + sfx 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
לִבְרִ֥יתas a covenantprep + N com f sg constr · בְּרִית (H1285)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּרִית (H1285) 'as a covenant'.
עָ֖םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
לְא֥וֹרto the lightprep + N com c sg constr · אוֹר (H216)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹר (H216) 'to the light'.
גּוֹיִֽםnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
7

לִפְקֹ֖חַ עֵינַ֣יִם עִוְר֑וֹת לְהוֹצִ֤יא מִמַּסְגֵּר֙ אַסִּ֔יר מִבֵּ֥ית כֶּ֖לֶא יֹ֥שְׁבֵי חֹֽשֶׁךְ

To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, them that sit in darkness out of the prison house.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he opened'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
לִפְקֹ֖חַand he openedprep + Qal inf constr · פָּקַח (H6491)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementפָּקַח (H6491) 'and he opened'.
עֵינַ֣יִםeyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'eyes'.
עִוְר֑וֹתblindAdj · עִוֵּר (H5787)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִוֵּר (H5787) 'blind'.
לְהוֹצִ֤יאto bring outprep + Hiphil inf constr · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָצָא (H3318) 'to bring out'.
מִמַּסְגֵּר֙andprep + N com m sg abs · מַסְגֵּר (H4525)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַסְגֵּר (H4525) 'and'.
אַסִּ֔ירprisonerN c · אַסִּיר (H616)Construct chain (genitival)אַסִּיר (H616) 'prisoner'.
מִבֵּ֥יתfrom the house ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'from the house of'.
כֶּ֖לֶאprison. CompareN c · כֶּלֶא (H3608)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּלֶא (H3608) 'prison. Compare'.
יֹ֥שְׁבֵיthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
חֹֽשֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
8

אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה ה֣וּא שְׁמִ֑י וּכְבוֹדִי֙ לְאַחֵ֣ר לֹֽא אֶתֵּ֔ן וּתְהִלָּתִ֖י לַפְּסִילִֽים

I YHWH: that my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אֲנִ֥יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
ה֣וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
שְׁמִ֑יmy nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'my name'.
וּכְבוֹדִי֙the glory ofconj וְ + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
לְאַחֵ֣רotherprep + Adj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'other'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶתֵּ֔ןI will giveQal impf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'I will give'.
וּתְהִלָּתִ֖יyour praiseconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · תְּהִלָּה (H8416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּהִלָּה (H8416) 'your praise'.
לַפְּסִילִֽיםthe carved imagesprep + art + N com m pl abs · פֶּסֶל (H6456)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּסֶל (H6456) 'the carved images'.
9

הָרִֽאשֹׁנ֖וֹת הִנֵּה בָ֑אוּ וַֽחֲדָשׁוֹת֙ אֲנִ֣י מַגִּ֔יד בְּטֶ֥רֶם תִּצְמַ֖חְנָה אַשְׁמִ֥יע אֶתְכֶֽם

Behold, the former things are come to pass, and new things do I declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
הָרִֽאשֹׁנ֖וֹתthe firstart + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'the first'.
הִנֵּהbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
בָ֑אוּcameQal perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
וַֽחֲדָשׁוֹת֙newconj וְ + Adj · חָדָשׁ (H2319)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָדָשׁ (H2319) 'new'.
אֲנִ֣יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
מַגִּ֔ידone declaringHiphil ptc ms · נָגַד (H5046)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַד (H5046) 'one declaring'.
בְּטֶ֥רֶםbeforeprep + art · טֶרֶם (H2962)Particle or relational elementטֶרֶם (H2962) 'before'.
תִּצְמַ֖חְנָהsproutingQal impf 3fp · צָמַח (H6779)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָמַח (H6779) 'sprouting'.
אַשְׁמִ֥יעand he heardHiphil impf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
אֶתְכֶֽםyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you'.
10

שִׁ֤ירוּ לַֽיהוָה֙ שִׁ֣יר חָדָ֔שׁ תְּהִלָּת֖וֹ מִקְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ יוֹרְדֵ֤י הַיָּם֙ וּמְלֹא֔וֹ אִיִּ֖ים וְיֹשְׁבֵיהֶֽם

Sing to YHWH a new song, his praise from the end of the earth, you that go down to the sea, and all that is therein; the isles, and the inhabitants thereof.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is ''Sing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
שִׁ֤ירוּ'SingQal impv 2mp · שִׁיר (H7891)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשִׁיר (H7891) ''Sing'.
לַֽיהוָה֙to YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
שִׁ֣ירa songN c · שִׁירָה (H7892)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁירָה (H7892) 'a song'.
חָדָ֔שׁnewAdj · חָדָשׁ (H2319)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָדָשׁ (H2319) 'new'.
תְּהִלָּת֖וֹyour praiseN c · תְּהִלָּה (H8416)Construct chain (genitival)תְּהִלָּה (H8416) 'your praise'.
מִקְצֵ֣הfrom the end ofprep + N com c sg constr · קָצֶה (H7097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָצֶה (H7097) 'from the end of'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
יוֹרְדֵ֤יand went downQal ptc mp · יָרַד (H3381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
הַיָּם֙the seaart + N com m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָם (H3220) 'the sea'.
וּמְלֹא֔וֹthe fullness ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מְלֹא (H4393)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְלֹא (H4393) 'the fullness of'.
אִיִּ֖יםcoastlands ofN c · אִי (H339)Construct chain (genitival)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
וְיֹשְׁבֵיהֶֽםthe inhabitants ofconj וְ + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
11

יִשְׂא֤וּ מִדְבָּר֙ וְעָרָ֔יו חֲצֵרִ֖ים תֵּשֵׁ֣ב קֵדָ֑ר יָרֹ֨נּוּ֙ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי סֶ֔לַע מֵרֹ֥אשׁ הָרִ֖ים יִצְוָֽחוּ

Let the wilderness and the cities thereof lift up , the villages Kedar does inhabit: let the inhabitants of the rock sing, let them shout from the top of the mountains.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they shall bear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
יִשְׂא֤וּthey shall bearQal impf 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'they shall bear'.
מִדְבָּר֙the wilderness ofN c · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Construct chain (genitival)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'the wilderness of'.
וְעָרָ֔יוand its citiesconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 3ms · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'and its cities'.
חֲצֵרִ֖יםand their villagesN c · חָצֵר (H2691)Construct chain (genitival)חָצֵר (H2691) 'and their villages'.
תֵּשֵׁ֣בshe shall remainQal impf 3fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'she shall remain'.
קֵדָ֑רand KedarN · קֵדָר (H6938)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֵדָר (H6938) 'and Kedar'.
יָרֹ֨נּוּ֙shout for joyQal impf 3mp · רָנַן (H7442)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָנַן (H7442) 'shout for joy'.
יֹ֣שְׁבֵיthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
סֶ֔לַעrockN · סֶלַע (H5554)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֶלַע (H5554) 'rock'.
מֵרֹ֥אשׁfrom the top ofprep + N com m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'from the top of'.
הָרִ֖יםhillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
יִצְוָֽחוּshoutQal impf 3mp · צָוַח (H6681)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָוַח (H6681) 'shout'.
12

יָשִׂ֥ימוּ לַֽיהוָ֖ה כָּב֑וֹד וּתְהִלָּת֖וֹ בָּאִיִּ֥ים יַגִּֽידוּ

Let them give glory to YHWH, and declare his praise in the islands.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they place'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יָשִׂ֥ימוּthey placeQal impf 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'they place'.
לַֽיהוָ֖הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
כָּב֑וֹדthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
וּתְהִלָּת֖וֹyour praiseconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · תְּהִלָּה (H8416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּהִלָּה (H8416) 'your praise'.
בָּאִיִּ֥יםcoastlands ofprep + art + N com m pl abs · אִי (H339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
יַגִּֽידוּthey will declareHiphil impf 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'they will declare'.
13

יְהוָה֙ כַּגִּבּ֣וֹר יֵצֵ֔א כְּאִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמ֖וֹת יָעִ֣יר קִנְאָ֑ה יָרִ֨יעַ֙ אַף יַצְרִ֔יחַ עַל אֹיְבָ֖יו יִתְגַּבָּֽר

YHWH shall go forth as a mighty man, he shall stir up jealousy like a man of war: he shall cry, yea, roar; he shall prevail against his enemies.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'one going out (to)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כַּגִּבּ֣וֹרmightyprep + art + Adj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
יֵצֵ֔אone going out (to)Qal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
כְּאִ֥ישׁas a manprep + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'as a man'.
מִלְחָמ֖וֹתthe wars ofN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'the wars of'.
יָעִ֣ירstirs upHiphil impf 3ms · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעוּר (H5782) 'stirs up'.
קִנְאָ֑הjealousyN c · קִנְאָה (H7068)Construct chain (genitival)קִנְאָה (H7068) 'jealousy'.
יָרִ֨יעַ֙shout!Hiphil impf 3ms · רוּעַ (H7321)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּעַ (H7321) 'shout!'.
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
יַצְרִ֔יחַcryHiphil impf 3ms · צָרַח (H6873)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָרַח (H6873) 'cry'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אֹיְבָ֖יוhis enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 3ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'his enemies'.
יִתְגַּבָּֽרprevailedHithpael impf 3ms · גָּבַר (H1396)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּבַר (H1396) 'prevailed'.
14

הֶחֱשֵׁ֨יתִי֙ מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם אַחֲרִ֖ישׁ אֶתְאַפָּ֑ק כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֣ה אֶפְעֶ֔ה אֶשֹּׁ֥ם וְאֶשְׁאַ֖ף יָֽחַד

I have long time holden my peace; I have been still, refrained myself: will I cry like a travailing woman; I will destroy and devour at once.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'keeping silent'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הֶחֱשֵׁ֨יתִי֙keeping silentHiphil perf 1cs · חָשָׁה (H2814)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָשָׁה (H2814) 'keeping silent'.
מֵֽעוֹלָ֔םfrom of oldprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'from of old'.
אַחֲרִ֖ישׁand is silentHiphil impf 1cs · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַשׁ (H2790) 'and is silent'.
אֶתְאַפָּ֑קand he restrained himselfHithpael impf 1cs · אָפַק (H662)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָפַק (H662) 'and he restrained himself'.
כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֣הand he fatheredprep + art + Qal ptc fs · יָלַד (H3205)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
אֶפְעֶ֔הcryQal impf 1cs · פָּעָה (H6463)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּעָה (H6463) 'cry'.
אֶשֹּׁ֥םdestroyQal impf 1cs · נָשַׁם (H5395)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשַׁם (H5395) 'destroy'.
וְאֶשְׁאַ֖ףandconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · שָׁאַף (H7602)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁאַף (H7602) 'and'.
יָֽחַדtogetherN c · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Construct chain (genitival)יַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
15

אַחֲרִ֤יב הָרִים֙ וּגְבָע֔וֹת וְכָל עֶשְׂבָּ֖ם אוֹבִ֑ישׁ וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י נְהָרוֹת֙ לָֽאִיִּ֔ים וַאֲגַמִּ֖ים אוֹבִֽישׁ

I will make waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their herbs; and I will make the rivers islands, and I will dry up the pools.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'had dried up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אַחֲרִ֤יבhad dried upHiphil impf 1cs · חָרַב (H2717)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַב (H2717) 'had dried up'.
הָרִים֙hillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
וּגְבָע֔וֹתthe hills ofconj וְ + N com f pl abs · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
עֶשְׂבָּ֖םplant ofN c · עֵשֶׂב (H6212)Construct chain (genitival)עֵשֶׂב (H6212) 'plant of'.
אוֹבִ֑ישׁwas dryHiphil impf 1cs · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
וְשַׂמְתִּ֤יand I will putconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Particle or relational elementשִׂים (H7760) 'and I will put'.
נְהָרוֹת֙the riverN c · נָהָר (H5104)Construct chain (genitival)נָהָר (H5104) 'the river'.
לָֽאִיִּ֔יםcoastlands ofprep + art + N com m pl abs · אִי (H339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
וַאֲגַמִּ֖יםtheir poolsconj וְ + N com m pl abs · אֲגַם (H98)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲגַם (H98) 'their pools'.
אוֹבִֽישׁwas dryHiphil impf 1cs · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
16

וְהוֹלַכְתִּ֣י עִוְרִ֗ים בְּדֶ֨רֶךְ֙ לֹ֣א יָדָ֔עוּ בִּנְתִיב֥וֹת לֹֽא יָדְע֖וּ אַדְרִיכֵ֑ם אָשִׂים֩ מַחְשָׁ֨ךְ לִפְנֵיהֶ֜ם לָא֗וֹר וּמַֽעֲקַשִּׁים֙ לְמִישׁ֔וֹר אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים עֲשִׂיתִ֖ם וְלֹ֥א עֲזַבְתִּֽים

And I will bring the blind by a way they knew not; I will lead them in paths they have not known: I will make darkness light before them, and crooked things straight. These things will I do to them, and not forsake them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'have known'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וְהוֹלַכְתִּ֣יand he wentconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · הָלַךְ (H3212)Particle or relational elementהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
עִוְרִ֗יםblindAdj · עִוֵּר (H5787)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִוֵּר (H5787) 'blind'.
בְּדֶ֨רֶךְ֙on the wayprep + N com c sg abs · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדָ֔עוּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
בִּנְתִיב֥וֹתmy pathsprep + N com c pl abs · נְתִיבָה (H5410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְתִיבָה (H5410) 'my paths'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדְע֖וּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
אַדְרִיכֵ֑םhe trodHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
אָשִׂים֩putQal impf 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'put'.
מַחְשָׁ֨ךְdark(-nessN c · מַחְשָׁךְ (H4285)Construct chain (genitival)מַחְשָׁךְ (H4285) 'dark(-ness'.
לִפְנֵיהֶ֜םbefore themprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before them'.
לָא֗וֹרto the lightprep + art + N com c sg abs · אוֹר (H216)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹר (H216) 'to the light'.
וּמַֽעֲקַשִּׁים֙andconj וְ + N com m pl abs · מַעֲקָשׁ (H4625)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲקָשׁ (H4625) 'and'.
לְמִישׁ֔וֹרthe tablelandprep + N com m sg abs · מִישׁוֹר (H4334)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִישׁוֹר (H4334) 'the tableland'.
אֵ֚לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
הַדְּבָרִ֔יםthe wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
עֲשִׂיתִ֖םyou have doneQal perf 1cs + sfx 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you have done'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
עֲזַבְתִּֽיםyou forsakeQal perf 1cs + sfx 3mp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
17

נָסֹ֤גוּ אָחוֹר֙ יֵבֹ֣שׁוּ בֹ֔שֶׁת הַבֹּטְחִ֖ים בַּפָּ֑סֶל הָאֹמְרִ֥ים לְמַסֵּכָ֖ה אַתֶּ֥ם אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ

They shall be turned back, they shall be greatly ashamed, that trust in graven images, that say to the molten images, You our gods.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'were ashamed'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
נָסֹ֤גוּbacksliderN · סוּג (H5472)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סוּג (H5472) 'backslider'.
אָחוֹר֙backwardN c · אָחוֹר (H268)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוֹר (H268) 'backward'.
יֵבֹ֣שׁוּwere ashamedQal impf 3mp · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
בֹ֔שֶׁתtoN c · בֹּשֶׁת (H1322)Construct chain (genitival)בֹּשֶׁת (H1322) 'to'.
הַבֹּטְחִ֖יםtrustingart + Qal ptc mp · בָּטַח (H982)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּטַח (H982) 'trusting'.
בַּפָּ֑סֶלa carved imageprep + art + N com m sg abs · פֶּסֶל (H6459)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּסֶל (H6459) 'a carved image'.
הָאֹמְרִ֥יםand he saidart + Qal ptc mp · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
לְמַסֵּכָ֖הor a molten imageprep + N com f sg abs · מַסֵּכָה (H4541)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַסֵּכָה (H4541) 'or a molten image'.
אַתֶּ֥םyoupron 2mp · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
אֱלֹהֵֽינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.
18

הַחֵרְשִׁ֖ים שְׁמָ֑עוּ וְהַעִוְרִ֖ים הַבִּ֥יטוּ לִרְאֽוֹת

Hear, you deaf; and look, you blind, that you may see.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'his hearing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
הַחֵרְשִׁ֖יםdeafart + Adj · חֵרֵשׁ (H2795)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵרֵשׁ (H2795) 'deaf'.
שְׁמָ֑עוּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
וְהַעִוְרִ֖יםblindconj וְ + art + Adj · עִוֵּר (H5787)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִוֵּר (H5787) 'blind'.
הַבִּ֥יטוּfrom lookingHiphil impv 2mp · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָבַט (H5027) 'from looking'.
לִרְאֽוֹתto seeprep + Qal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'.
19

מִ֤י עִוֵּר֙ כִּ֣י אִם עַבְדִּ֔י וְחֵרֵ֖שׁ כְּמַלְאָכִ֣י אֶשְׁלָ֑ח מִ֤י עִוֵּר֙ כִּמְשֻׁלָּ֔ם וְעִוֵּ֖ר כְּעֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה

Who blind, but my servant? or deaf, as my messenger I sent? who blind as perfect, and blind as YHWH's servant?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will send'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
עִוֵּר֙blindAdj · עִוֵּר (H5787)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִוֵּר (H5787) 'blind'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
עַבְדִּ֔יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
וְחֵרֵ֖שׁdeafconj וְ + Adj · חֵרֵשׁ (H2795)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵרֵשׁ (H2795) 'deaf'.
כְּמַלְאָכִ֣יthe angel ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'the angel of'.
אֶשְׁלָ֑חI will sendQal impf 1cs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַח (H7971) 'I will send'.
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
עִוֵּר֙blindAdj · עִוֵּר (H5787)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִוֵּר (H5787) 'blind'.
כִּמְשֻׁלָּ֔םhe shall payprep + Pual ptc ms · שָׁלַם (H7999)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
וְעִוֵּ֖רblindconj וְ + Adj · עִוֵּר (H5787)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִוֵּר (H5787) 'blind'.
כְּעֶ֥בֶדyour servantprep + N com m sg constr · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'your servant'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
20

ראית רָא֥וֹת רַבּ֖וֹת וְלֹ֣א תִשְׁמֹ֑ר פָּק֥וֹחַ אָזְנַ֖יִם וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁמָֽע

Seeing many things, but you observest not; opening the ears, but he heareth not.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ראיתyou sawQal perf 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'you saw'.
רָא֥וֹתto seeQal inf abs · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'.
רַבּ֖וֹתmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תִשְׁמֹ֑רyou shall keepQal impf 2ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַר (H8104) 'you shall keep'.
פָּק֥וֹחַand he openedQal inf abs · פָּקַח (H6491)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionפָּקַח (H6491) 'and he opened'.
אָזְנַ֖יִםin the ears ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִשְׁמָֽעwill listen/obeyQal impf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'will listen/obey'.
21

יְהוָ֥ה חָפֵ֖ץ לְמַ֣עַן צִדְק֑וֹ יַגְדִּ֥יל תּוֹרָ֖ה וְיַאְדִּֽיר

YHWH is well pleased for his righteousness' sake; he will magnify the law, and make honourable.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he delighted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
חָפֵ֖ץhe delightedQal perf 3ms · חָפֵץ (H2654)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָפֵץ (H2654) 'he delighted'.
לְמַ֣עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
צִדְק֑וֹjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
יַגְדִּ֥ילand he grewHiphil impf 3ms · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּדַל (H1431) 'and he grew'.
תּוֹרָ֖הa torahN c · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'a torah'.
וְיַאְדִּֽירis majesticconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms · אָדַר (H142)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָדַר (H142) 'is majestic'.
22

וְהוּא֮ עַם בָּז֣וּז וְשָׁסוּי֒ הָפֵ֤חַ בַּֽחוּרִים֙ כֻּלָּ֔ם וּבְבָתֵּ֥י כְלָאִ֖ים הָחְבָּ֑אוּ הָי֤וּ לָבַז֙ וְאֵ֣ין מַצִּ֔יל מְשִׁסָּ֖ה וְאֵין אֹמֵ֥ר הָשַֽׁב

But this a people robbed and spoiled; all of them snared in holes, and they are hid in prison houses: they are for a prey, and none delivereth; for a spoil, and none says, Restore.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'they plundered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְהוּא֮and heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
עַםa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
בָּז֣וּזthey plunderedQal ptc ms · בָּזַז (H962)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּזַז (H962) 'they plundered'.
וְשָׁסוּי֒plunderersconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · שָׁסָה (H8154)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁסָה (H8154) 'plunderers'.
הָפֵ֤חַbe snaredHiphil inf abs · פָּחַח (H6351)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionפָּחַח (H6351) 'be snared'.
בַּֽחוּרִים֙inprep + art + N com m pl abs · חוּר (H2352)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוּר (H2352) 'in'.
כֻּלָּ֔םall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
וּבְבָתֵּ֥יthe house ofconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
כְלָאִ֖יםprison. CompareN c · כֶּלֶא (H3608)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּלֶא (H3608) 'prison. Compare'.
הָחְבָּ֑אוּshe hidHophal perf 3cp · חָבָא (H2244)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָבָא (H2244) 'she hid'.
הָי֤וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
לָבַז֙for plunderprep + N com m sg abs · בַּז (H957)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּז (H957) 'for plunder'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מַצִּ֔ילone who deliversHiphil ptc ms · נָצַל (H5337)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַל (H5337) 'one who delivers'.
מְשִׁסָּ֖הandN c · מְשִׁסָּה (H4933)Construct chain (genitival)מְשִׁסָּה (H4933) 'and'.
וְאֵיןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
אֹמֵ֥רhe saidQal ptc ms · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
הָשַֽׁבsurelyHiphil impv 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'surely'.
23

מִ֥י בָכֶ֖ם יַאֲזִ֣ין זֹ֑את יַקְשִׁ֥ב וְיִשְׁמַ֖ע לְאָחֽוֹר

Who among you will give ear to this? will hearken and hear for the time to come?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'give ear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מִ֥יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
בָכֶ֖םagainst youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against you'.
יַאֲזִ֣יןgive earHiphil impf 3ms · אָזַן (H238)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָזַן (H238) 'give ear'.
זֹ֑אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
יַקְשִׁ֥בtoHiphil impf 3ms · קָשַׁב (H7181)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָשַׁב (H7181) 'to'.
וְיִשְׁמַ֖עand he heardconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
לְאָחֽוֹרbackwardprep + N com m sg abs · אָחוֹר (H268)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָחוֹר (H268) 'backward'.
24

מִֽי נָתַ֨ן למשוסה לִמְשִׁסָּ֧ה יַעֲקֹ֛ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל לְבֹזְזִ֖ים הֲל֣וֹא יְהוָ֑ה ז֚וּ חָטָ֣אנוּ ל֔וֹ וְלֹֽא אָב֤וּ בִדְרָכָיו֙ הָל֔וֹךְ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּתוֹרָתֽוֹ

Who gave Jacob for a spoil, and Israel to the robbers? did not YHWH, he against whom we have sinned? for they would not walk in his ways, neither were they obedient to his law.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'is giving'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
נָתַ֨ןis givingQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
למשוסהtoprep + N com f sg abs · מְשׁוּסָה (H4882)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְשׁוּסָה (H4882) 'to'.
לִמְשִׁסָּ֧הandprep + N com f sg abs · מְשִׁסָּה (H4933)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְשִׁסָּה (H4933) 'and'.
יַעֲקֹ֛בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥לnow Israelconj וְ + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'now Israel'.
לְבֹזְזִ֖יםthey plunderedprep + Qal ptc mp · בָּזַז (H962)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּזַז (H962) 'they plundered'.
הֲל֣וֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
ז֚וּwhomrel. שֶׁ · זוּ (H2098)Particle or relational elementזוּ (H2098) 'whom'.
חָטָ֣אנוּwe have sinnedQal perf 1cp · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָטָא (H2398) 'we have sinned'.
ל֔וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אָב֤וּhe was willingQal perf 3cp · אָבָה (H14)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבָה (H14) 'he was willing'.
בִדְרָכָיו֙in his waysprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'in his ways'.
הָל֔וֹךְgoingQal inf abs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָלַךְ (H1980) 'going'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
שָׁמְע֖וּhis hearingQal perf 3cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
בְּתוֹרָתֽוֹthe torahprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'the torah'.
25

וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ עָלָיו֙ חֵמָ֣ה אַפּ֔וֹ וֶעֱז֖וּז מִלְחָמָ֑ה וַתְּלַהֲטֵ֤הוּ מִסָּבִיב֙ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֔ע וַתִּבְעַר בּ֖וֹ וְלֹא יָשִׂ֥ים עַל לֵֽב

Therefore he has poured upon him the fury of his anger, and the strength of battle: and it has set him on fire round about, yet he knew not; and it burned him, yet he laid not to heart.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'he shall pour out'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ךְhe shall pour outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
עָלָיו֙on itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
חֵמָ֣הwrathN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'wrath'.
אַפּ֔וֹhis angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'his anger'.
וֶעֱז֖וּזandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · עֱזוּז (H5807)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֱזוּז (H5807) 'and'.
מִלְחָמָ֑הwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
וַתְּלַהֲטֵ֤הוּand it sets ablazeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3fs + sfx 3ms · לָהַט (H3857)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָהַט (H3857) 'and it sets ablaze'.
מִסָּבִיב֙from aroundprep + N com c sg abs · סָבִיב (H5439)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָבִיב (H5439) 'from around'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָדָ֔עhe knewQal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
וַתִּבְעַרand burnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · בָּעַר (H1197)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּעַר (H1197) 'and burned'.
בּ֖וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָשִׂ֥יםputsQal impf 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'puts'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
לֵֽבthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.