Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 40ישעיהו 40

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Comfort announced, guilt declared answered, the wilderness way prepared, the herald commanded to proclaim God's arrival, the nations and idols reduced to nothing before the Creator, and faint Jacob called back into trusting hope together make this chapter the great threshold into Isaiah's consolatory horizon. It opens not with accusation but with doubled imperative tenderness: comfort my people. Jerusalem is addressed to the heart, her warfare is completed, her iniquity has been accepted, and the chapter immediately turns from penalty remembered to restoration spoken. Yet the comfort is not vague sentiment. A voice commands the preparation of YHWH's way through the wilderness, valleys are lifted, mountains lowered, roughness leveled, and the glory of YHWH is to be revealed before all flesh. Human frailty is then named with brutal clarity: all flesh is grass and its beauty like the flower of the field. But precisely against that perishability, the word of our God stands forever. From there the chapter rises into heraldic proclamation. Zion is told to ascend a high mountain and say without fear, 'Behold your God.' The Lord YHWH comes in strength, yet he also shepherds, gathers lambs, carries them in his bosom, and gently leads the nursing. The second half expands that Godward vision through a series of incomparable questions and contrasts. Waters, heavens, dust, mountains, forests, nations, coastlands, princes, and stars are all measured, weighed, named, or brought to nothing by the Creator who is taught by no counselor and compared to no image. The closing movement turns the argument personally toward Jacob and Israel, whose complaint of being hidden from God is met by the everlasting God's unwearied sovereignty. He gives power to the faint, and those who wait for YHWH exchange strength, rise like eagles, run without exhaustion, and walk without collapse. Taken together, comfort, highway, proclamation, creator incomparability, anti-idol mockery, and renewed strength form a chapter where exilic desolation is answered by the unexhausted God whose word, presence, and shepherding power reopen the future for his people.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Seven linked movements shape the chapter: the opening comfort-oracle to Jerusalem with the declaration that her service is fulfilled and her guilt answered (vv. 1-2), the wilderness voice preparing YHWH's way and the revelation of his glory (vv. 3-5), the contrast between perishing flesh and the enduring word of God (vv. 6-8), the herald to Zion announcing the coming of the Lord YHWH as both ruler and shepherd (vv. 9-11), the creator-hymn and incomparability sequence in which the nations are dust and God is taught by none (vv. 12-17), the anti-idol and anti-human-power polemic culminating in the star-host ruled by name (vv. 18-26), and the closing answer to Israel's complaint through the promise of renewed strength for those who wait for YHWH (vv. 27-31). Verses 1-2 should be translated with full tenderness and declarative force. The doubled imperative 'Comfort, comfort' should remain as such, and the address to 'my people' should preserve covenantal intimacy. Verse 2's directive to speak to the heart of Jerusalem should remain idiomatic but visible, since consolation is here persuasive speech entering the center of the personified city. The three כי clauses are crucial: her warfare or hard service is complete, her iniquity is accepted or paid off, and she has received from YHWH's hand double for all her sins. The line should not be flattened into mere emotional soothing; it is a judicial and covenantal declaration of altered status. Verses 3-5 are among Isaiah's programmatic lines and should preserve both topography and theophany. Whether the wilderness modifies the voice or the way-preparation, the command itself is clear: prepare the way of YHWH and level a highway for our God. Valleys lifted, mountains lowered, crooked made straight, and rough places plain should remain concrete. Verse 5 climaxes in the revelation of the glory of YHWH to all flesh and should keep the final ratification that the mouth of YHWH has spoken. Verses 6-8 turn to human transience and should retain their rhetorical sharpness. All flesh is grass, all its beauty like the flower of the field, and the withering comes when YHWH's breath blows upon it. Verse 8 must preserve the contrast exactly: grass withers, flower fades, but the word of our God stands forever. Verses 9-11 move into heraldic announcement and should remain high and fearless. Zion is addressed as bearer of good news and told to ascend a high mountain; Jerusalem likewise is to lift up the voice strongly and say to the cities of Judah, 'Behold your God.' Verse 10 should preserve both coming strength and recompense language, while verse 11 must remain pastorally concrete: he shepherds the flock, gathers lambs with his arm, carries them in his bosom, and gently leads nursing ones. The same God who comes in rule comes in tender nearness. Verses 12-17 shift into creator incomparability through a cascade of measurements and negations. Waters in the hollow of the hand, heavens spanned, dust measured, mountains weighed, Spirit unadvised, and the nations counted as drop and dust should all remain vivid. These verses should not be over-smoothed, because their rhetorical accumulation is part of the chapter's force. Verse 15's nation-language, verse 16's Lebanon insufficiency, and verse 17's nothingness before him all press the hearer beyond political scale into theological astonishment. Verses 18-26 deepen the argument through anti-idol satire and anti-ruler diminution. Verse 18's opening question about likeness should remain direct. The craftsman passages in verses 19-20 should preserve their materiality precisely because the idols are manufactured objects. Verses 21-24 then pivot back to the one enthroned above the circle of the earth, reducing inhabitants to grasshoppers and rulers to near nothing. Verse 26 culminates in the star-host commanded and counted by name. Translation should retain both the cosmic scale and the personal authority implied by naming. Verses 27-31 close by answering Israel's complaint and should be translated as consolation through theology rather than through sentiment alone. Jacob's claim that his way is hidden and his justice ignored is met by the confession that YHWH is the everlasting God, Creator of the ends of the earth, who neither faints nor grows weary and whose understanding is unsearchable. Verse 29's gift of power to the faint and abundance of might to the powerless should remain compact and strong. The closing movement gives the famous waiting promise; those who wait for YHWH exchange or renew strength, rise on wings like eagles, run without weariness, and walk without fainting. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as the overture to Isaiah's consolation, where forgiveness announced, divine advent proclaimed, human frailty exposed, creator sovereignty exalted, and weary Israel strengthened all belong to one renewed word from God. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

נַחֲמ֥וּ נַחֲמ֖וּ עַמִּ֑י יֹאמַ֖ר אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם

Comfort you, comfort you my people, says your God.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and was comforted'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
נַחֲמ֥וּand was comfortedPiel impv 2mp · נָחַם (H5162)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָחַם (H5162) 'and was comforted'.
נַחֲמ֖וּand was comfortedPiel impv 2mp · נָחַם (H5162)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָחַם (H5162) 'and was comforted'.
עַמִּ֑יmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
יֹאמַ֖רhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽםyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
2

דַּבְּר֞וּ עַל לֵ֤ב יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ וְקִרְא֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֤י מָֽלְאָה֙ צְבָאָ֔הּ כִּ֥י נִרְצָ֖ה עֲוֺנָ֑הּ כִּ֤י לָקְחָה֙ מִיַּ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּפְלַ֖יִם בְּכָל חַטֹּאתֶֽיהָ

Speak you comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry to her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned: for she has received of YHWH's hand double for all her sins.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'he spoke it'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
דַּבְּר֞וּhe spoke itPiel impv 2mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'he spoke it'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
לֵ֤בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙JerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
וְקִרְא֣וּand they shall summonconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָרָא (H7121) 'and they shall summon'.
אֵלֶ֔יהָto herprep + sfx 3fs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to her'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מָֽלְאָה֙is filledQal perf 3fs · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלֵא (H4390) 'is filled'.
צְבָאָ֔הּto warN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'to war'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִרְצָ֖הit shall be acceptedN · רָצָה (H7521)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָצָה (H7521) 'it shall be accepted'.
עֲוֺנָ֑הּher iniquityN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'her iniquity'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לָקְחָה֙taken herQal perf 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'taken her'.
מִיַּ֣דfrom the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'from the hand of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כִּפְלַ֖יִםdoubleN c · כֶּפֶל (H3718)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּפֶל (H3718) 'double'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
חַטֹּאתֶֽיהָas a sin offeringN c · חַטָּאת (H2403)Construct chain (genitival)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'as a sin offering'.
3

ק֣וֹל קוֹרֵ֔א בַּמִּדְבָּ֕ר פַּנּ֖וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה יַשְּׁרוּ֙ בָּעֲרָבָ֔ה מְסִלָּ֖ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ

The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare you the way of YHWH, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ק֣וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
קוֹרֵ֔אand he calledQal ptc ms · קָרָא (H7121)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
בַּמִּדְבָּ֕רin the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
פַּנּ֖וּturn!Piel impv 2mp · פָּנָה (H6437)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּנָה (H6437) 'turn!'.
דֶּ֣רֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יַשְּׁרוּ֙it will be right/pleasingPiel impv 2mp · יָשַׁר (H3474)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָשַׁר (H3474) 'it will be right/pleasing'.
בָּעֲרָבָ֔הin the Arabahprep + art + N com f sg abs · עֲרָבָה (H6160)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲרָבָה (H6160) 'in the Arabah'.
מְסִלָּ֖הfrom their coursesN c · מְסִלָּה (H4546)Construct chain (genitival)מְסִלָּה (H4546) 'from their courses'.
לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּto our Godprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cp · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'to our God'.
4

כָּל גֶּיא֙ יִנָּשֵׂ֔א וְכָל הַ֥ר וְגִבְעָ֖ה יִשְׁפָּ֑לוּ וְהָיָ֤ה הֶֽעָקֹב֙ לְמִישׁ֔וֹר וְהָרְכָסִ֖ים לְבִקְעָֽה

Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'abase'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
גֶּיא֙in the valleyN c · גַּיְא (H1516)Construct chain (genitival)גַּיְא (H1516) 'in the valley'.
יִנָּשֵׂ֔אlifts upN · נָשָׂא (H5375)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
הַ֥רMountN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'Mount'.
וְגִבְעָ֖הthe hills ofconj וְ + N com f sg abs · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
יִשְׁפָּ֑לוּabaseQal impf 3mp · שָׁפֵל (H8213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפֵל (H8213) 'abase'.
וְהָיָ֤הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
הֶֽעָקֹב֙crookedart + N com m sg abs · עָקֹב (H6121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָקֹב (H6121) 'crooked'.
לְמִישׁ֔וֹרthe tablelandprep + N com m sg abs · מִישׁוֹר (H4334)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִישׁוֹר (H4334) 'the tableland'.
וְהָרְכָסִ֖יםandconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · רֶכֶס (H7406)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶכֶס (H7406) 'and'.
לְבִקְעָֽהthe valley ofprep + N com f sg abs · בִּקְעָה (H1237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּקְעָה (H1237) 'the valley of'.
5

וְנִגְלָ֖ה כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֑ה וְרָא֤וּ כָל בָּשָׂר֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו כִּ֛י פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר

And the glory of YHWH shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see together: for the mouth of YHWH has spoken .

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'speak'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְנִגְלָ֖הshall you uncoverconj וְ + Niphal q 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Particle or relational elementגָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
כְּב֣וֹדthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְרָא֤וּand they will seeconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Particle or relational elementרָאָה (H7200) 'and they will see'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
בָּשָׂר֙fleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
יַחְדָּ֔וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
פִּ֥יthe mouth ofN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'the mouth of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
דִּבֵּֽרspeakPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
6

ק֚וֹל אֹמֵ֣ר קְרָ֔א וְאָמַ֖ר מָ֣ה אֶקְרָ֑א כָּל הַבָּשָׂ֣ר חָצִ֔יר וְכָל חַסְדּ֖וֹ כְּצִ֥יץ הַשָּׂדֶֽה

The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All flesh grass, and all the goodliness thereof as the flower of the field:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ק֚וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
אֹמֵ֣רhe saidQal ptc ms · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
קְרָ֔אhe calledQal impv 2ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָרָא (H7121) 'he called'.
וְאָמַ֖רand I saidconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
מָ֣הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
אֶקְרָ֑אI proclaimQal impf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'I proclaim'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַבָּשָׂ֣רthe fleshart + N com m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'the flesh'.
חָצִ֔ירthe leeksN c · חָצִיר (H2682)Construct chain (genitival)חָצִיר (H2682) 'the leeks'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
חַסְדּ֖וֹhis covenant kindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'his covenant kindness'.
כְּצִ֥יץthe plate ofprep + N com m sg constr · צִיץ (H6731)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיץ (H6731) 'the plate of'.
הַשָּׂדֶֽהthe fieldart + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field'.
7

יָבֵ֤שׁ חָצִיר֙ נָ֣בֵֽל צִ֔יץ כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ יְהוָ֖ה נָ֣שְׁבָה בּ֑וֹ אָכֵ֥ן חָצִ֖יר הָעָֽם

The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of YHWH bloweth upon it: surely the people grass.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was dry'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
יָבֵ֤שׁwas dryQal perf 3ms · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
חָצִיר֙the leeksN c · חָצִיר (H2682)Construct chain (genitival)חָצִיר (H2682) 'the leeks'.
נָ֣בֵֽלsurelyQal perf 3ms · נָבַל (H5034)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָבַל (H5034) 'surely'.
צִ֔יץthe plate ofN c · צִיץ (H6731)Construct chain (genitival)צִיץ (H6731) 'the plate of'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ר֥וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
נָ֣שְׁבָהand drove awayQal perf 3fs · נָשַׁב (H5380)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשַׁב (H5380) 'and drove away'.
בּ֑וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
אָכֵ֥ןsurelyart · אָכֵן (H403)Particle or relational elementאָכֵן (H403) 'surely'.
חָצִ֖ירthe leeksN c · חָצִיר (H2682)Construct chain (genitival)חָצִיר (H2682) 'the leeks'.
הָעָֽםthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
8

יָבֵ֥שׁ חָצִ֖יר נָ֣בֵֽל צִ֑יץ וּדְבַר אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ יָק֥וּם לְעוֹלָֽם

The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was dry'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יָבֵ֥שׁwas dryQal perf 3ms · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
חָצִ֖ירthe leeksN c · חָצִיר (H2682)Construct chain (genitival)חָצִיר (H2682) 'the leeks'.
נָ֣בֵֽלsurelyQal perf 3ms · נָבַל (H5034)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָבַל (H5034) 'surely'.
צִ֑יץthe plate ofN c · צִיץ (H6731)Construct chain (genitival)צִיץ (H6731) 'the plate of'.
וּדְבַרand the word ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'and the word of'.
אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.
יָק֥וּםshall standQal impf 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'shall stand'.
לְעוֹלָֽםforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
9

עַ֣ל הַר גָּבֹ֤הַ עֲלִי לָךְ֙ מְבַשֶּׂ֣רֶת צִיּ֔וֹן הָרִ֤ימִי בַכֹּ֨חַ֙ קוֹלֵ֔ךְ מְבַשֶּׂ֖רֶת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם הָרִ֨ימִי֙ אַל תִּירָ֔אִי אִמְרִי֙ לְעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה הִנֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם

O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get you up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up your voice with strength; lift up, be not afraid; say to the cities of Judah, Behold your God!

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'spring up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
עַ֣לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַרMountN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'Mount'.
גָּבֹ֤הַhighAdj · גָּבֹהַ (H1364)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּבֹהַ (H1364) 'high'.
עֲלִיspring upQal impv 2fs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָלָה (H5927) 'spring up'.
לָךְ֙to youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
מְבַשֶּׂ֣רֶתtoPiel ptc fs · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
צִיּ֔וֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
הָרִ֤ימִיand tallHiphil impv 2fs · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
בַכֹּ֨חַ֙in power;prep + art + N com m sg abs · כֹּחַ (H3581)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'in power;'.
קוֹלֵ֔ךְto the voice ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
מְבַשֶּׂ֖רֶתtoPiel ptc fs · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑םJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
הָרִ֨ימִי֙and tallHiphil impv 2fs · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּירָ֔אִיfearQal jussive 2fs · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
אִמְרִי֙sayQal impv 2fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָמַר (H559) 'say'.
לְעָרֵ֣יthe cityprep + N com f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
יְהוּדָ֔הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
הִנֵּ֖הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽםyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
10

הִנֵּ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ בְּחָזָ֣ק יָב֔וֹא וּזְרֹע֖וֹ מֹ֣שְׁלָה ל֑וֹ הִנֵּ֤ה שְׂכָרוֹ֙ אִתּ֔וֹ וּפְעֻלָּת֖וֹ לְפָנָֽיו

Behold, YHWH YHWH will come with strong , and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward with him, and his work before him.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he may come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
הִנֵּ֨הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
אֲדֹנָ֤יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִה֙YHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
בְּחָזָ֣קstrongprep + Adj · חָזָק (H2389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָזָק (H2389) 'strong'.
יָב֔וֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
וּזְרֹע֖וֹand his armconj וְ + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'and his arm'.
מֹ֣שְׁלָהrulingQal ptc fs · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
שְׂכָרוֹ֙his wagesN c · שָׂכָר (H7939)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂכָר (H7939) 'his wages'.
אִתּ֔וֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with him'.
וּפְעֻלָּת֖וֹthe wages ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · פְּעֻלָּה (H6468)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּעֻלָּה (H6468) 'the wages of'.
לְפָנָֽיוbefore himprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before him'.
11

כְּרֹעֶה֙ עֶדְר֣וֹ יִרְעֶ֔ה בִּזְרֹעוֹ֙ יְקַבֵּ֣ץ טְלָאִ֔ים וּבְחֵיק֖וֹ יִשָּׂ֑א עָל֖וֹת יְנַהֵֽל

He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry in his bosom, shall gently lead those that are with young.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shepherding'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כְּרֹעֶה֙shepherdingprep + Qal ptc ms · רָעָה (H7462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
עֶדְר֣וֹdroveN c · עֵדֶר (H5739)Construct chain (genitival)עֵדֶר (H5739) 'drove'.
יִרְעֶ֔הshepherdingQal impf 3ms · רָעָה (H7462)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
בִּזְרֹעוֹ֙the shoulderprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'the shoulder'.
יְקַבֵּ֣ץand he gatheredPiel impf 3ms · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָבַץ (H6908) 'and he gathered'.
טְלָאִ֔יםlambN c · טְלָא (H2922)Construct chain (genitival)טְלָא (H2922) 'lamb'.
וּבְחֵיק֖וֹyour bosomconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · חֵיק (H2436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵיק (H2436) 'your bosom'.
יִשָּׂ֑אcarriesQal impf 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'carries'.
עָל֖וֹתnursingQal ptc fp · עוּל (H5763)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעוּל (H5763) 'nursing'.
יְנַהֵֽלyou have guided themPiel impf 3ms · נָהַל (H5095)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָהַל (H5095) 'you have guided them'.
12

מִֽי מָדַ֨ד בְּשָׁעֳל֜וֹ מַ֗יִם וְשָׁמַ֨יִם֙ בַּזֶּ֣רֶת תִּכֵּ֔ן וְכָ֥ל בַּשָּׁלִ֖שׁ עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשָׁקַ֤ל בַּפֶּ֨לֶס֙ הָרִ֔ים וּגְבָע֖וֹת בְּמֹאזְנָֽיִם

Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they shall measure'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
מָדַ֨דand they shall measureQal perf 3ms · מָדַד (H4058)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָדַד (H4058) 'and they shall measure'.
בְּשָׁעֳל֜וֹtoprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שֹׁעַל (H8168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁעַל (H8168) 'to'.
מַ֗יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
וְשָׁמַ֨יִם֙and heavensconj וְ + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'and heavens'.
בַּזֶּ֣רֶתand a spanprep + art + N com f sg abs · זֶרֶת (H2239)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶרֶת (H2239) 'and a span'.
תִּכֵּ֔ןbear upPiel perf 3ms · תָּכַן (H8505)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actתָּכַן (H8505) 'bear up'.
וְכָ֥לand I will provideconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · כּוּל (H3557)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכּוּל (H3557) 'and I will provide'.
בַּשָּׁלִ֖שׁand officersprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׁלִישׁ (H7991)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלִישׁ (H7991) 'and officers'.
עֲפַ֣רdustN c · עָפָר (H6083)Construct chain (genitival)עָפָר (H6083) 'dust'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְשָׁקַ֤לhe shall weigh outconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · שָקַל (H8254)Particle or relational elementשָקַל (H8254) 'he shall weigh out'.
בַּפֶּ֨לֶס֙inprep + art + N com m sg abs · פֶּלֶס (H6425)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּלֶס (H6425) 'in'.
הָרִ֔יםhillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
וּגְבָע֖וֹתthe hills ofconj וְ + N com f pl abs · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
בְּמֹאזְנָֽיִםbalances ofprep + N com m du abs · מֹאזְנַיִם (H3976)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֹאזְנַיִם (H3976) 'balances of'.
13

מִֽי תִכֵּ֥ן אֶת ר֖וּחַ יְהוָ֑ה וְאִ֥ישׁ עֲצָת֖וֹ יוֹדִיעֶֽנּוּ

Who has directed the Spirit of YHWH, or his counsellor has taught him?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'bear up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
תִכֵּ֥ןbear upPiel perf 3ms · תָּכַן (H8505)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actתָּכַן (H8505) 'bear up'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
ר֖וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְאִ֥ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
עֲצָת֖וֹcounselN c · עֵצָה (H6098)Construct chain (genitival)עֵצָה (H6098) 'counsel'.
יוֹדִיעֶֽנּוּI knowHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
14

אֶת מִ֤י נוֹעָץ֙ וַיְבִינֵ֔הוּ וַֽיְלַמְּדֵ֖הוּ בְּאֹ֣רַח מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וַיְלַמְּדֵ֣הוּ דַ֔עַת וְדֶ֥רֶךְ תְּבוּנ֖וֹת יוֹדִיעֶֽנּוּ

With whom took he counsel, and instructed him, and taught him in the path of judgment, and taught him knowledge, and shewed to him the way of understanding?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'discerning'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
נוֹעָץ֙let me advise youN · יָעַץ (H3289)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
וַיְבִינֵ֔הוּdiscerningconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
וַֽיְלַמְּדֵ֖הוּto teachconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · לִמַּד (H3925)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלִמַּד (H3925) 'to teach'.
בְּאֹ֣רַחthe way ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֹרַח (H734)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹרַח (H734) 'the way of'.
מִשְׁפָּ֑טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
וַיְלַמְּדֵ֣הוּto teachconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · לִמַּד (H3925)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלִמַּד (H3925) 'to teach'.
דַ֔עַתknowledgeN c · דַּעַת (H1847)Construct chain (genitival)דַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge'.
וְדֶ֥רֶךְon the wayconj וְ + N com c sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
תְּבוּנ֖וֹתand understandingN c · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Construct chain (genitival)תְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'and understanding'.
יוֹדִיעֶֽנּוּI knowHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
15

הֵ֤ן גּוֹיִם֙ כְּמַ֣ר מִדְּלִ֔י וּכְשַׁ֥חַק מֹאזְנַ֖יִם נֶחְשָׁ֑בוּ הֵ֥ן אִיִּ֖ים כַּדַּ֥ק יִטּֽוֹל

Behold, the nations as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the small dust of the balance: behold, he taketh up the isles as a very little thing.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'bear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הֵ֤ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
גּוֹיִם֙nationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
כְּמַ֣רas / likeprep + N com m sg abs · מַר (H4752)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַר (H4752) 'as / like'.
מִדְּלִ֔יfrom his bucketsprep + N com m sg abs · דְּלִי (H1805)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דְּלִי (H1805) 'from his buckets'.
וּכְשַׁ֥חַקthe cloudsconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · שַׁחַק (H7834)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁחַק (H7834) 'the clouds'.
מֹאזְנַ֖יִםbalances ofN c · מֹאזְנַיִם (H3976)Construct chain (genitival)מֹאזְנַיִם (H3976) 'balances of'.
נֶחְשָׁ֑בוּa skilled designerN · חָשַׁב (H2803)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָשַׁב (H2803) 'a skilled designer'.
הֵ֥ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
אִיִּ֖יםcoastlands ofN c · אִי (H339)Construct chain (genitival)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
כַּדַּ֥קthinprep + art + Adj · דַּק (H1851)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּק (H1851) 'thin'.
יִטּֽוֹלbearQal impf 3ms · נָטַל (H5190)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָטַל (H5190) 'bear'.
16

וּלְבָנ֕וֹן אֵ֥ין דֵּ֖י בָּעֵ֑ר וְחַיָּת֔וֹ אֵ֥ין דֵּ֖י עוֹלָֽה

And Lebanon not sufficient to burn, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for a burnt offering.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'was burning'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּלְבָנ֕וֹןLebanonconj וְ + N proper · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְבָנוֹן (H3844) 'Lebanon'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
דֵּ֖יthe sufficiency ofN c · דַּי (H1767)Construct chain (genitival)דַּי (H1767) 'the sufficiency of'.
בָּעֵ֑רwas burningPiel inf constr · בָּעַר (H1197)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּעַר (H1197) 'was burning'.
וְחַיָּת֔וֹand wild beasts ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'and wild beasts of'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
דֵּ֖יthe sufficiency ofN c · דַּי (H1767)Construct chain (genitival)דַּי (H1767) 'the sufficiency of'.
עוֹלָֽהa burnt offeringN c · עֹלָה (H5930)Construct chain (genitival)עֹלָה (H5930) 'a burnt offering'.
17

כָּל הַגּוֹיִ֖ם כְּאַ֣יִן נֶגְדּ֑וֹ מֵאֶ֥פֶס וָתֹ֖הוּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ לֽוֹ

All nations before him as nothing; and they are counted to him less than nothing, and vanity.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַגּוֹיִ֖םthe nationsart + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'the nations'.
כְּאַ֣יִןthere is notprep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
נֶגְדּ֑וֹstraight before himprep + sfx 3ms · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'straight before him'.
מֵאֶ֥פֶסthe ends ofprep + N com m sg abs · אֶפֶס (H657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפֶס (H657) 'the ends of'.
וָתֹ֖הוּand in the howling wasteconj וְ + N com m sg abs · תֹּהוּ (H8414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֹּהוּ (H8414) 'and in the howling waste'.
נֶחְשְׁבוּa skilled designerN · חָשַׁב (H2803)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָשַׁב (H2803) 'a skilled designer'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
18

וְאֶל מִ֖י תְּדַמְּי֣וּן אֵ֑ל וּמַה דְּמ֖וּת תַּ֥עַרְכוּ לֽוֹ

To whom then will you liken God? or what likeness will you compare to him?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I planned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
מִ֖יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
תְּדַמְּי֣וּןI plannedPiel impf 2mp + Sn · דָּמָה (H1819)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּמָה (H1819) 'I planned'.
אֵ֑לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
וּמַהand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
דְּמ֖וּתaccording to our likenessN c · דְּמוּת (H1823)Construct chain (genitival)דְּמוּת (H1823) 'according to our likeness'.
תַּ֥עַרְכוּand he arrangedQal impf 2mp · עָרַךְ (H6186)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָרַךְ (H6186) 'and he arranged'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
19

הַפֶּ֨סֶל֙ נָסַ֣ךְ חָרָ֔שׁ וְצֹרֵ֖ף בַּזָּהָ֣ב יְרַקְּעֶ֑נּוּ וּרְתֻק֥וֹת כֶּ֖סֶף צוֹרֵֽף

The workman melteth a graven image, and the goldsmith spreadeth it over with gold, and casteth silver chains.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he poured'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הַפֶּ֨סֶל֙a carved imageart + N com m sg abs · פֶּסֶל (H6459)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּסֶל (H6459) 'a carved image'.
נָסַ֣ךְand he pouredQal perf 3ms · נָסַךְ (H5258)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָסַךְ (H5258) 'and he poured'.
חָרָ֔שׁa craftsmanN c · חָרָשׁ (H2796)Construct chain (genitival)חָרָשׁ (H2796) 'a craftsman'.
וְצֹרֵ֖ףandconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · צָרַף (H6884)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַף (H6884) 'and'.
בַּזָּהָ֣בin goldprep + art + N com m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָהָב (H2091) 'in gold'.
יְרַקְּעֶ֑נּוּand they hammered outPiel impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · רָקַע (H7554)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָקַע (H7554) 'and they hammered out'.
וּרְתֻק֥וֹתandconj וְ + N com f pl constr · רְתֻקָה (H7577)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְתֻקָה (H7577) 'and'.
כֶּ֖סֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
צוֹרֵֽףandQal ptc ms · צָרַף (H6884)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַף (H6884) 'and'.
20

הַֽמְסֻכָּ֣ן תְּרוּמָ֔ה עֵ֥ץ לֹֽא יִרְקַ֖ב יִבְחָ֑ר חָרָ֤שׁ חָכָם֙ יְבַקֶּשׁ ל֔וֹ לְהָכִ֥ין פֶּ֖סֶל לֹ֥א יִמּֽוֹט

He that so impoverished that he has no oblation chooseth a tree will not rot; he seeketh to him a cunning workman to prepare a graven image, shall not be moved.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'endanger'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הַֽמְסֻכָּ֣ןendangerart + Pual ptc ms · סָכַן (H5533)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָכַן (H5533) 'endanger'.
תְּרוּמָ֔הa contributionN c · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Construct chain (genitival)תְּרוּמָה (H8641) 'a contribution'.
עֵ֥ץwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִרְקַ֖בrotQal impf 3ms · רָקַב (H7537)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָקַב (H7537) 'rot'.
יִבְחָ֑רhe will chooseQal impf 3ms · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּחַר (H977) 'he will choose'.
חָרָ֤שׁa craftsmanN c · חָרָשׁ (H2796)Construct chain (genitival)חָרָשׁ (H2796) 'a craftsman'.
חָכָם֙wise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
יְבַקֶּשׁlet him requirePiel impf 3ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'let him require'.
ל֔וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
לְהָכִ֥יןreadyprep + Hiphil inf constr · כּוּן (H3559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
פֶּ֖סֶלa carved imageN c · פֶּסֶל (H6459)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּסֶל (H6459) 'a carved image'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִמּֽוֹטshall slipN · מוֹט (H4131)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹט (H4131) 'shall slip'.
21

הֲל֤וֹא תֵֽדְעוּ֙ הֲל֣וֹא תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ הֲל֛וֹא הֻגַּ֥ד מֵרֹ֖אשׁ לָכֶ֑ם הֲלוֹא֙ הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם מוֹסְד֖וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ

Have you not known? have you not heard? has it not been told you from the beginning? have you not understood from the foundations of the earth?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you might know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
הֲל֤וֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
תֵֽדְעוּ֙you might knowQal impf 2mp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'you might know'.
הֲל֣וֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
תִשְׁמָ֔עוּyou listen/obeyQal impf 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'you listen/obey'.
הֲל֛וֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
הֻגַּ֥דit was surelyHophal perf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) 'it was surely'.
מֵרֹ֖אשׁfrom the top ofprep + N com m sg abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'from the top of'.
לָכֶ֑םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
הֲלוֹא֙is it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔םdiscerningHiphil perf 2mp · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
מוֹסְד֖וֹתthe foundations ofN c · מוֹסָד (H4146)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹסָד (H4146) 'the foundations of'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
22

הַיֹּשֵׁב֙ עַל ח֣וּג הָאָ֔רֶץ וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָ כַּחֲגָבִ֑ים הַנּוֹטֶ֤ה כַדֹּק֙ שָׁמַ֔יִם וַיִּמְתָּחֵ֥ם כָּאֹ֖הֶל לָשָֽׁבֶת

he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'who dwells'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
הַיֹּשֵׁב֙who dwellsart + Qal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'who dwells'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
ח֣וּגcircleN c · חוּג (H2329)Construct chain (genitival)חוּג (H2329) 'circle'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְיֹשְׁבֶ֖יהָthe inhabitants ofconj וְ + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
כַּחֲגָבִ֑יםlike grasshoppersprep + N com m pl abs · חָגָב (H2284)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָגָב (H2284) 'like grasshoppers'.
הַנּוֹטֶ֤הstretch outart + Qal ptc ms · נָטָה (H5186)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
כַדֹּק֙as / likeprep + art + N com m sg abs · דֹּק (H1852)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֹּק (H1852) 'as / like'.
שָׁמַ֔יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
וַיִּמְתָּחֵ֥םandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · מָתַח (H4969)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָתַח (H4969) 'and'.
כָּאֹ֖הֶלthe tent ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · אֹהֶל (H168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹהֶל (H168) 'the tent of'.
לָשָֽׁבֶתto dwellprep + Qal inf constr · יָשַׁב (H3427)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell'.
23

הַנּוֹתֵ֥ן רוֹזְנִ֖ים לְאָ֑יִן שֹׁ֥פְטֵי אֶ֖רֶץ כַּתֹּ֥הוּ עָשָֽׂה

That bringeth the princes to nothing; he maketh the judges of the earth as vanity.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'is giving'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַנּוֹתֵ֥ןis givingart + Qal ptc ms · נָתַן (H5414)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
רוֹזְנִ֖יםO rulersQal ptc mp · רָזַן (H7336)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָזַן (H7336) 'O rulers'.
לְאָ֑יִןthere is notprep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
שֹׁ֥פְטֵיthe judges ofQal ptc mp · שָׁפַט (H8199)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁפַט (H8199) 'the judges of'.
אֶ֖רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
כַּתֹּ֥הוּand in the howling wasteprep + art + N com m sg abs · תֹּהוּ (H8414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֹּהוּ (H8414) 'and in the howling waste'.
עָשָֽׂהhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
24

אַ֣ף בַּל נִטָּ֗עוּ אַ֚ף בַּל זֹרָ֔עוּ אַ֛ף בַּל שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ בָּאָ֖רֶץ גִּזְעָ֑ם וְגַם נָשַׁ֤ף בָּהֶם֙ וַיִּבָ֔שׁוּ וּסְעָרָ֖ה כַּקַּ֥שׁ תִּשָּׂאֵֽם

Yea, they shall not be planted; yea, they shall not be sown: yea, their stock shall not take root in the earth: and he shall also blow upon them, and they shall wither, and the whirlwind shall take them away as stubble.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you shall sow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
אַ֣ףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
נִטָּ֗עוּyou will plantN · נָטַע (H5193)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָטַע (H5193) 'you will plant'.
אַ֚ףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
זֹרָ֔עוּyou shall sowPual perf 3cp · זָרַע (H2232)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָרַע (H2232) 'you shall sow'.
אַ֛ףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ(takePoel perf 3ms · שָׁרַשׁ (H8327)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁרַשׁ (H8327) '(take'.
בָּאָ֖רֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
גִּזְעָ֑םstemN c · גֶּזַע (H1503)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּזַע (H1503) 'stem'.
וְגַםand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
נָשַׁ֤ףyou blewQal perf 3ms · נָשַׁף (H5398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשַׁף (H5398) 'you blew'.
בָּהֶם֙in themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in them'.
וַיִּבָ֔שׁוּwas dryconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
וּסְעָרָ֖הinconj וְ + N com f sg abs · סַעַר (H5591)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סַעַר (H5591) 'in'.
כַּקַּ֥שׁlike stubble.prep + art + N com m sg abs · קַשׁ (H7179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קַשׁ (H7179) 'like stubble.'.
תִּשָּׂאֵֽםlifts upQal impf 3fs + sfx 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
25

וְאֶל מִ֥י תְדַמְּי֖וּנִי וְאֶשְׁוֶ֑ה יֹאמַ֖ר קָדֽוֹשׁ

To whom then will you liken me, or shall I be equal? says the Holy One.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I planned'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
מִ֥יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
תְדַמְּי֖וּנִיI plannedPiel impf 2mp + sfx 1cs · דָּמָה (H1819)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּמָה (H1819) 'I planned'.
וְאֶשְׁוֶ֑הavailconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · שָׁוָה (H7737)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁוָה (H7737) 'avail'.
יֹאמַ֖רhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
קָדֽוֹשׁholyAdj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy'.
26

שְׂאוּ מָר֨וֹם עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם וּרְאוּ֙ מִי בָרָ֣א אֵ֔לֶּה הַמּוֹצִ֥יא בְמִסְפָּ֖ר צְבָאָ֑ם לְכֻלָּם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִקְרָ֔א מֵרֹ֤ב אוֹנִים֙ וְאַמִּ֣יץ כֹּ֔חַ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א נֶעְדָּֽר

Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who has created these , that bringeth out their host by number: he calleth them all by names by the greatness of his might, for that strong in power; not one faileth.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'take up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
שְׂאוּtake upQal impv 2mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָשָׂא (H5375) 'take up'.
מָר֨וֹםthe heights ofN c · מָרוֹם (H4791)Construct chain (genitival)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
עֵינֵיכֶ֤םyour eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'your eyes'.
וּרְאוּ֙and they will seeconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'and they will see'.
מִיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
בָרָ֣אcreatedQal perf 3ms · בָּרָא (H1254)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּרָא (H1254) 'created'.
אֵ֔לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
הַמּוֹצִ֥יאwho brought outart + Hiphil ptc ms · יָצָא (H3318)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצָא (H3318) 'who brought out'.
בְמִסְפָּ֖רby the number ofprep + N com m sg abs · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְפָּר (H4557) 'by the number of'.
צְבָאָ֑םtheir hostN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'their host'.
לְכֻלָּם֙for all of themprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'for all of them'.
בְּשֵׁ֣םin the name ofprep + N com m sg abs · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in the name of'.
יִקְרָ֔אshall be calledQal impf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'shall be called'.
מֵרֹ֤בbecause of multitudeprep + N com c sg constr · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'because of multitude'.
אוֹנִים֙his strengthN c · אוֹן (H202)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H202) 'his strength'.
וְאַמִּ֣יץcourageousconj וְ + Adj · אַמִּיץ (H533)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַמִּיץ (H533) 'courageous'.
כֹּ֔חַpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
אִ֖ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נֶעְדָּֽרdigN · עֲדַר (H5737)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲדַר (H5737) 'dig'.
27

לָ֤מָּה תֹאמַר֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּתְדַבֵּ֖ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נִסְתְּרָ֤ה דַרְכִּי֙ מֵֽיְהוָ֔ה וּמֵאֱלֹהַ֖י מִשְׁפָּטִ֥י יַעֲבֽוֹר

Why sayest you, O Jacob, and speakest, O Israel, My way is hid from YHWH, and my judgment is passed over from my God?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall say'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
לָ֤מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
תֹאמַר֙you shall sayQal impf 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'you shall say'.
יַֽעֲקֹ֔בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
וּתְדַבֵּ֖רand she spokeconj וְ + Piel impf 2ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and she spoke'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
נִסְתְּרָ֤הI will hideN · סָתַר (H5641)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָתַר (H5641) 'I will hide'.
דַרְכִּי֙my wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
מֵֽיְהוָ֔הfrom YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'from YHWH'.
וּמֵאֱלֹהַ֖יGodconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
מִשְׁפָּטִ֥יmy rulesN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'my rules'.
יַעֲבֽוֹרare crossingQal impf 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַר (H5674) 'are crossing'.
28

הֲל֨וֹא יָדַ֜עְתָּ אִם לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ אֱלֹהֵ֨י עוֹלָ֤ם יְהוָה֙ בּוֹרֵא֙ קְצ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יִיעַ֖ף וְלֹ֣א יִיגָ֑ע אֵ֥ין חֵ֖קֶר לִתְבוּנָתֽוֹ

Hast you not known? have you not heard, the everlasting God, YHWH, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? no searching of his understanding.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
הֲל֨וֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
יָדַ֜עְתָּyou knowQal perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'you know'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁמַ֗עְתָּyou obeyedQal perf 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'you obeyed'.
אֱלֹהֵ֨יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
עוֹלָ֤םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בּוֹרֵא֙createdQal ptc ms · בָּרָא (H1254)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּרָא (H1254) 'created'.
קְצ֣וֹתthe ends ofN c · קָצֶה (H7098)Construct chain (genitival)קָצֶה (H7098) 'the ends of'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִיעַ֖ףwearyQal impf 3ms · יָעַף (H3286)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָעַף (H3286) 'weary'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִיגָ֑עyou laboredQal impf 3ms · יָגַע (H3021)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָגַע (H3021) 'you labored'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
חֵ֖קֶרsearchings ofN c · חֵקֶר (H2714)Construct chain (genitival)חֵקֶר (H2714) 'searchings of'.
לִתְבוּנָתֽוֹand understandingprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'and understanding'.
29

נֹתֵ֥ן לַיָּעֵ֖ף כֹּ֑חַ וּלְאֵ֥ין אוֹנִ֖ים עָצְמָ֥ה יַרְבֶּֽה

He giveth power to the faint; and to no might he increaseth strength.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'is giving'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
נֹתֵ֥ןis givingQal ptc ms · נָתַן (H5414)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
לַיָּעֵ֖ףfaintprep + art + Adj · יָעֵף (H3287)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָעֵף (H3287) 'faint'.
כֹּ֑חַpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
וּלְאֵ֥יןthere is notconj וְ + prep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
אוֹנִ֖יםhis strengthN c · אוֹן (H202)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H202) 'his strength'.
עָצְמָ֥הabundanceN c · עׇצְמָה (H6109)Construct chain (genitival)עׇצְמָה (H6109) 'abundance'.
יַרְבֶּֽהhe shall multiplyHiphil impf 3ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבָה (H7235) 'he shall multiply'.
30

וְיִֽעֲפ֥וּ נְעָרִ֖ים וְיִגָ֑עוּ וּבַחוּרִ֖ים כָּשׁ֥וֹל יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ

Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'weary'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְיִֽעֲפ֥וּwearyconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · יָעַף (H3286)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָעַף (H3286) 'weary'.
נְעָרִ֖יםthe boyN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
וְיִגָ֑עוּyou laboredconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · יָגַע (H3021)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָגַע (H3021) 'you labored'.
וּבַחוּרִ֖יםyoung manconj וְ + N com m pl abs · בָּחוּר (H970)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּחוּר (H970) 'young man'.
כָּשׁ֥וֹלand they shall stumbleQal inf abs · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּand they shall stumbleN · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
31

וְקוֹיֵ֤ יְהוָה֙ יַחֲלִ֣יפוּ כֹ֔חַ יַעֲל֥וּ אֵ֖בֶר כַּנְּשָׁרִ֑ים יָר֨וּצוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִיגָ֔עוּ יֵלְכ֖וּ וְלֹ֥א יִיעָֽפוּ

But they that wait upon YHWH shall renew strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; they shall walk, and not faint.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'let be gathered'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְקוֹיֵ֤let be gatheredconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · קָוָה (H6960)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יַחֲלִ֣יפוּand changedHiphil impf 3mp · חָלַף (H2498)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַף (H2498) 'and changed'.
כֹ֔חַpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
יַעֲל֥וּshall come upHiphil impf 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'shall come up'.
אֵ֖בֶרpinionN c · אֵבֶר (H83)Construct chain (genitival)אֵבֶר (H83) 'pinion'.
כַּנְּשָׁרִ֑יםthe eagleprep + art + N com m pl abs · נֶשֶׁר (H5404)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶשֶׁר (H5404) 'the eagle'.
יָר֨וּצוּ֙and he ranQal impf 3mp · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִיגָ֔עוּyou laboredQal impf 3mp · יָגַע (H3021)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָגַע (H3021) 'you labored'.
יֵלְכ֖וּthey will goQal impf 3mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'they will go'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִיעָֽפוּwearyQal impf 3mp · יָעַף (H3286)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָעַף (H3286) 'weary'.