Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 38ישעיהו 38

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Mortal illness, prayer heard in tears, added years, a sign that reverses the shadow, and the inserted royal thanksgiving poem together make this chapter a meditation on life restored at the edge of death. It opens with the same stark crisis known from Kings: Hezekiah is sick unto death, Isaiah tells him to set his house in order, and the king turns from public rule toward the wall in private prayer. Yet the answer is immediate. YHWH hears, sees, and adds fifteen years, joining personal healing to renewed protection from Assyria and to the defense of Jerusalem itself. Time then becomes part of the sign, as the shadow returns backward on the steps of Ahaz, marking divine reversal in visible form. What distinguishes Isaiah 38 most sharply from the Kings parallel is the long writing of Hezekiah that follows. The movement slows into first-person lament, where cut-off years, gates of Sheol, dismantled tent, severed weaving, crushed bones, birdlike crying, and failing eyes give language to the king's encounter with mortality. But the poem does not remain in despair. Bitterness becomes peace, sins are cast behind God's back, and the contrast between the silence of Sheol and the praise of the living turns survival into renewed obligation for worship and truth-telling from father to children. The closing return to the fig-cake remedy and the sign request binds poem and narrative back together. Taken as a whole, illness, oracle, sign, lament, forgiveness, and temple-directed praise form a chapter where healing is not merely the extension of biological life but the recovery of praise, memory, and public witness before YHWH.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Four linked movements shape the chapter: the death sentence, prayer, and immediate promise of added years and deliverance (vv. 1-6), the sign of the returning shadow on the steps of Ahaz (vv. 7-8), Hezekiah's written thanksgiving that moves from near-death lament to restored praise and filial testimony (vv. 9-20), and the closing prose notice about the fig-cake remedy and the sign request (vv. 21-22). Verses 1-3 should be translated with full force on the mortality crisis and on the king's intimate reply. Verse 1's command to set the house in order and the doubled finality that he will die and not live should remain plain. Verse 2's turning to the wall should also stay concrete rather than being dissolved into vague interiority. Verse 3 joins remembered faithfulness, whole-hearted walking, and great weeping; the appeal should retain covenantal resonance without implying sinless perfection. Verses 4-6 are the chapter's first reversal and should preserve both their swiftness and their breadth. The answer comes as the word of YHWH to Isaiah, and verse 5 should keep the threefold assurance that the prayer has been heard, the tears have been seen, and fifteen years will be added. Verse 6 must also retain the continued Assyrian and Jerusalem promise, because healing here is joined to the city's preservation rather than isolated from it. Verses 7-8 present the sign and should keep the imagery of the steps and the returning shadow fully visible. The movement backward on the steps of Ahaz is not incidental embellishment but a concrete temporal reversal that makes the promise perceptible in royal space. Verses 9-20 are the chapter's most distinctive material and should be translated with poetic density rather than flattened summary. Verse 9 labels the poem as a writing of Hezekiah after his sickness and recovery, and the following lines move through the gates of Sheol, the loss of the land of the living, the dismantled shepherd's tent, the cut web, the lion-like crushing of bones, birdlike cries, failing eyes, and embittered soul. These metaphors should remain vivid and varied, because the poem gives the inward experience of nearing death rather than merely restating the prose narrative. Verse 17's turn is especially important: bitterness becomes peace, the soul is loved away from the pit of destruction, and sins are cast behind God's back. Verses 18-19 then contrast the silence of Sheol with the praise of the living, and verse 19 should preserve the father-to-children transmission of divine truth. Verse 20 gathers the whole recovery into liturgical response, where string-music and lifelong praise belong in the house of YHWH. Verses 21-22 return to prose and should be translated simply while allowing the structural tension to remain. The fig-cake laid on the boil gives embodied means to the healing, while the sign request about going up to the house of YHWH restates the restored future toward which the whole chapter has been moving. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as a chapter where added years are interpreted through poetry of mortal extremity, forgiveness, and renewed praise, so that healing becomes a testimony wrested from the edge of Sheol. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם חָלָ֥ה חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לָמ֑וּת וַיָּב֣וֹא אֵ֠לָיו יְשַׁעְיָ֨הוּ בֶן אָמ֜וֹץ הַנָּבִ֗יא וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֜יו כֹּֽה אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ צַ֣ו לְבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּ֛י מֵ֥ת אַתָּ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִֽחְיֶֽה

In those days was Hezekiah sick to death. And Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz came to him, and said to him, Thus says YHWH, Set your house in order: for you shall die, and not live.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'inflicted'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
בַּיָּמִ֣יםin the daysprep + art + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'in the days'.
הָהֵ֔םthoseart + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'those'.
חָלָ֥הinflictedQal perf 3ms · חָלָה (H2470)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלָה (H2470) 'inflicted'.
חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּHezekiahN · חִזְקִיָּה (H2396)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִזְקִיָּה (H2396) 'Hezekiah'.
לָמ֑וּתto dieprep + Qal inf constr · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
וַיָּב֣וֹאand cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and came'.
אֵ֠לָיוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
יְשַׁעְיָ֨הוּIsaiahN · יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470) 'Isaiah'.
בֶןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אָמ֜וֹץAmozN · אָמוֹץ (H531)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמוֹץ (H531) 'Amoz'.
הַנָּבִ֗יאthe prophetart + N com m sg abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'the prophet'.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֵלָ֜יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
כֹּֽהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֤רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צַ֣וcommandPiel impv 2ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeצִוָּה (H6680) 'command'.
לְבֵיתֶ֔ךָto your houseprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'to your house'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מֵ֥תdiedQal ptc ms · מוּת (H4191)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
אַתָּ֖הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תִֽחְיֶֽהyou may liveQal impf 2ms · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָיָה (H2421) 'you may live'.
2

וַיַּסֵּ֧ב חִזְקִיָּ֛הוּ פָּנָ֖יו אֶל הַקִּ֑יר וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֖ל אֶל יְהוָֽה

Then Hezekiah turned his face toward the wall, and prayed to YHWH,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he led around'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיַּסֵּ֧בand he led aroundconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָבַב (H5437) 'and he led around'.
חִזְקִיָּ֛הוּHezekiahN · חִזְקִיָּה (H2396)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִזְקִיָּה (H2396) 'Hezekiah'.
פָּנָ֖יוhis faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'his face'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַקִּ֑ירthe wallart + N com m sg abs · קִיר (H7023)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיר (H7023) 'the wall'.
וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֖לand he prayedconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּלַל (H6419)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּלַל (H6419) 'and he prayed'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
3

וַיֹּאמַ֗ר אָנָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ זְכָר נָ֞א אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּי לְפָנֶ֗יךָ בֶּֽאֱמֶת֙ וּבְלֵ֣ב שָׁלֵ֔ם וְהַטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ עָשִׂ֑יתִי וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּכִ֥י גָדֽוֹל

And said, Remember now, O YHWH, I beseech you, how I have walked before you in truth and with a perfect heart, and have done good in your sight. And Hezekiah wept sore.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיֹּאמַ֗רand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אָנָּ֤הI prayparticle · אָנָּא (H577)Particle or relational elementאָנָּא (H577) 'I pray'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
זְכָרRememberQal impv 2ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
נָ֞אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
אֵ֣ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּיI have walkedHithpael perf 1cs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'I have walked'.
לְפָנֶ֗יךָbefore youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before you'.
בֶּֽאֱמֶת֙trueprep + N com f sg abs · אֱמֶת (H571)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱמֶת (H571) 'true'.
וּבְלֵ֣בand in the heart ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'and in the heart of'.
שָׁלֵ֔םcompleteAdj · שָׁלֵם (H8003)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלֵם (H8003) 'complete'.
וְהַטּ֥וֹבand the goodconj וְ + art + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'and the good'.
בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָin your eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 2ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in your eyes'.
עָשִׂ֑יתִיI have doneQal perf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I have done'.
וַיֵּ֥בְךְּand he weptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּכָה (H1058) 'and he wept'.
חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּHezekiahN · חִזְקִיָּה (H2396)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִזְקִיָּה (H2396) 'Hezekiah'.
בְּכִ֥יand they weptN c · בָּכָה (H1058)Construct chain (genitival)בָּכָה (H1058) 'and they wept'.
גָדֽוֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
4

וַֽיְהִי֙ דְּבַר יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר

Then came the word of YHWH to Isaiah, saying,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַֽיְהִי֙and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
דְּבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶֽלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּIsaiahN · יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470) 'Isaiah'.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
5

הָל֞וֹךְ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶל חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ כֹּֽה אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵי֙ דָּוִ֣ד אָבִ֔יךָ שָׁמַ֨עְתִּי֙ אֶת תְּפִלָּתֶ֔ךָ רָאִ֖יתִי אֶת דִּמְעָתֶ֑ךָ הִנְנִי֙ יוֹסִ֣ף עַל יָמֶ֔יךָ חֲמֵ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָֽה

Go, and say to Hezekiah, Thus says YHWH, the God of David your father, I have heard your prayer, I have seen your tears: behold, I will add to your days fifteen years.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'going'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
הָל֞וֹךְgoingQal inf abs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָלַךְ (H1980) 'going'.
וְאָמַרְתָּ֣and you shall sayconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and you shall say'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּHezekiahN · חִזְקִיָּה (H2396)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִזְקִיָּה (H2396) 'Hezekiah'.
כֹּֽהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֤רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵי֙the God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
דָּוִ֣דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אָבִ֔יךָyour fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'your father'.
שָׁמַ֨עְתִּי֙I have heardQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'I have heard'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
תְּפִלָּתֶ֔ךָprayerN c · תְּפִלָּה (H8605)Construct chain (genitival)תְּפִלָּה (H8605) 'prayer'.
רָאִ֖יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דִּמְעָתֶ֑ךָtearsN c · דִּמְעָה (H1832)Construct chain (genitival)דִּמְעָה (H1832) 'tears'.
הִנְנִי֙behold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
יוֹסִ֣ףhe shall addHiphil impf 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יָמֶ֔יךָyour daysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'your days'.
חֲמֵ֥שׁfiveAdj · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'.
עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה-teenAdj · עָשָׂר (H6240)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׂר (H6240) '-teen'.
שָׁנָֽהyearsN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'years'.
6

וּמִכַּ֤ף מֶֽלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר֙ אַצִּ֣ילְךָ֔ וְאֵ֖ת הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְגַנּוֹתִ֖י עַל הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּֽאת

And I will deliver you and this city out of the hand of the king of Assyria: and I will defend this city.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'has delivered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וּמִכַּ֤ףa pan ofconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
אַשּׁוּר֙AsshurN · אַשּׁוּר (H804)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַשּׁוּר (H804) 'Asshur'.
אַצִּ֣ילְךָ֔has deliveredHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 2ms · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצַל (H5337) 'has delivered'.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הָעִ֣ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
הַזֹּ֑אתthisart + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
וְגַנּוֹתִ֖יandconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · גָּנַן (H1598)Particle or relational elementגָּנַן (H1598) 'and'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הָעִ֥ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
הַזֹּֽאתthisart + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
7

וְזֶה לְּךָ֥ הָא֖וֹת מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אֶת הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר

And this a sign to you from YHWH, that YHWH will do this thing that he has spoken;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְזֶהand thisconj וְ + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'and this'.
לְּךָ֥to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
הָא֖וֹתthe signart + N com c sg abs · אוֹת (H226)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹת (H226) 'the sign'.
מֵאֵ֣תfromprep + prep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'from'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֲשֶׁר֙thatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יַעֲשֶׂ֣הhe shall doQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַדָּבָ֥רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
הַזֶּ֖הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
דִּבֵּֽרspeakPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
8

הִנְנִ֣י מֵשִׁ֣יב אֶת צֵ֣ל הַֽמַּעֲל֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָרְדָה֩ בְמַעֲל֨וֹת אָחָ֥ז בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ אֲחֹרַנִּ֖ית עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֑וֹת וַתָּ֤שָׁב הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֔וֹת בַּֽמַּעֲל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָֽדָה

Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'returning [her]'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
הִנְנִ֣יbehold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
מֵשִׁ֣יבreturning [her]Hiphil ptc ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשׁוּב (H7725) 'returning [her]'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
צֵ֣לin the shadow ofN c · צֵל (H6738)Construct chain (genitival)צֵל (H6738) 'in the shadow of'.
הַֽמַּעֲל֡וֹתby stepsart + N com f pl abs · מַעֲלָה (H4609)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲלָה (H4609) 'by steps'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יָרְדָה֩and went downQal perf 3fs · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
בְמַעֲל֨וֹתby stepsprep + N com f pl constr · מַעֲלָה (H4609)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲלָה (H4609) 'by steps'.
אָחָ֥זAhazN · אָחָז (H271)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָחָז (H271) 'Ahaz'.
בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁthe sunprep + art + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
אֲחֹרַנִּ֖יתbackwardart · אֲחֹרַנִּית (H322)Particle or relational elementאֲחֹרַנִּית (H322) 'backward'.
עֶ֣שֶׂרtenAdj · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'.
מַעֲל֑וֹתby stepsN c · מַעֲלָה (H4609)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲלָה (H4609) 'by steps'.
וַתָּ֤שָׁבand she returnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725) 'and she returned'.
הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙the sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
עֶ֣שֶׂרtenAdj · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'.
מַעֲל֔וֹתby stepsN c · מַעֲלָה (H4609)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲלָה (H4609) 'by steps'.
בַּֽמַּעֲל֖וֹתby stepsprep + art + N com f pl abs · מַעֲלָה (H4609)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲלָה (H4609) 'by steps'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יָרָֽדָהand went downQal perf 3fs · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
9

מִכְתָּ֖ב לְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה בַּחֲלֹת֕וֹ וַיְחִ֖י מֵחָלְיֽוֹ

The writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick, and was recovered of his sickness:

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'inflicted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מִכְתָּ֖בan inscription ofN c · מִכְתָּב (H4385)Construct chain (genitival)מִכְתָּב (H4385) 'an inscription of'.
לְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּHezekiahprep + N proper · חִזְקִיָּה (H2396)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִזְקִיָּה (H2396) 'Hezekiah'.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
יְהוּדָ֑הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
בַּחֲלֹת֕וֹinflictedprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · חָלָה (H2470)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָלָה (H2470) 'inflicted'.
וַיְחִ֖יand he livedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'and he lived'.
מֵחָלְיֽוֹsicknessprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · חֳלִי (H2483)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֳלִי (H2483) 'sickness'.
10

אֲנִ֣י אָמַ֗רְתִּי בִּדְמִ֥י יָמַ֛י אֵלֵ֖כָה בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֣י שְׁא֑וֹל פֻּקַּ֖דְתִּי יֶ֥תֶר שְׁנוֹתָֽי

I said in the cutting off of my days, I shall go to the gates of the grave: I am deprived of the residue of my years.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אֲנִ֣יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
אָמַ֗רְתִּיI saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'I said'.
בִּדְמִ֥יinprep + N com m sg constr · דְּמִי (H1824)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דְּמִי (H1824) 'in'.
יָמַ֛יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
אֵלֵ֖כָהlet me goQal impf 1cs · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'let me go'.
בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֣יthe gate ofprep + N com m pl constr · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate of'.
שְׁא֑וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
פֻּקַּ֖דְתִּיI have visitedPual perf 1cs · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּקַד (H6485) 'I have visited'.
יֶ֥תֶרthe remainder ofN c · יֶתֶר (H3499)Construct chain (genitival)יֶתֶר (H3499) 'the remainder of'.
שְׁנוֹתָֽיyearsN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'years'.
11

אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ לֹא אֶרְאֶ֣ה יָ֔הּ יָ֖הּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ הַחַיִּ֑ים לֹא אַבִּ֥יט אָדָ֛ם ע֖וֹד עִם י֥וֹשְׁבֵי חָֽדֶל

I said, I shall not see YHWH, YHWH, in the land of the living: I shall behold man no more with the inhabitants of the world.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙I saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'I said'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶרְאֶ֣הlet me seeQal impf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'let me see'.
יָ֔הּYahN · יָהּ (H3050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָהּ (H3050) 'Yah'.
יָ֖הּYahN · יָהּ (H3050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָהּ (H3050) 'Yah'.
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
הַחַיִּ֑יםlifeart + Adj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'life'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אַבִּ֥יטfrom lookingHiphil impf 1cs · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָבַט (H5027) 'from looking'.
אָדָ֛םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
ע֖וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
י֥וֹשְׁבֵיthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
חָֽדֶלworldN c · חֶדֶל (H2309)Construct chain (genitival)חֶדֶל (H2309) 'world'.
12

דּוֹרִ֗י נִסַּ֧ע וְנִגְלָ֛ה מִנִּ֖י כְּאֹ֣הֶל רֹעִ֑י קִפַּ֨דְתִּי כָאֹרֵ֤ג חַיַּי֙ מִדַּלָּ֣ה יְבַצְּעֵ֔נִי מִיּ֥וֹם עַד לַ֖יְלָה תַּשְׁלִימֵֽנִי

Mine age is departed, and is removed from me as a shepherd's tent: I have cut off like a weaver my life: he will cut me off with pining sickness: from day to night will you make an end of me.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'shall you uncover'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
דּוֹרִ֗יthroughout your generationsN c · דּוֹר (H1755)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹר (H1755) 'throughout your generations'.
נִסַּ֧עmarchingN · נָסַע (H5265)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָסַע (H5265) 'marching'.
וְנִגְלָ֛הshall you uncoverconj וְ + Niphal perf 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
מִנִּ֖יfromprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
כְּאֹ֣הֶלthe tent ofprep + N com m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹהֶל (H168) 'the tent of'.
רֹעִ֑יherdsmen ofQal ptc ms + sfx 1cs · רָעָה (H7473)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7473) 'herdsmen of'.
קִפַּ֨דְתִּיcut offPiel perf 1cs · קָפַד (H7088)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָפַד (H7088) 'cut off'.
כָאֹרֵ֤גa weaver,prep + art + Qal ptc ms · אָרַג (H707)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַג (H707) 'a weaver,'.
חַיַּי֙the life ofN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'the life of'.
מִדַּלָּ֣הpoor, thinprep + N com f sg abs · דַּל (H1803)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּל (H1803) 'poor, thin'.
יְבַצְּעֵ֔נִיcutPiel impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · בָּצַע (H1214)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּצַע (H1214) 'cut'.
מִיּ֥וֹםfrom the dayprep + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'from the day'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
לַ֖יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
תַּשְׁלִימֵֽנִיhe shall payHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
13

שִׁוִּ֤יתִי עַד בֹּ֨קֶר֙ כָּֽאֲרִ֔י כֵּ֥ן יְשַׁבֵּ֖ר כָּל עַצְמוֹתָ֑י מִיּ֥וֹם עַד לַ֖יְלָה תַּשְׁלִימֵֽנִי

I reckoned till morning, , as a lion, so will he break all my bones: from day to night will you make an end of me.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'avail'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
שִׁוִּ֤יתִיavailPiel perf 1cs · שָׁוָה (H7737)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁוָה (H7737) 'avail'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
בֹּ֨קֶר֙morningN c · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Construct chain (genitival)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'.
כָּֽאֲרִ֔יlike a lionprep + art + N com m sg abs · אַרְיֵה (H738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'like a lion'.
כֵּ֥ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יְשַׁבֵּ֖רshall be brokenPiel impf 3ms · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁבַר (H7665) 'shall be broken'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עַצְמוֹתָ֑יthe bones ofN c · עֶצֶם (H6106)Construct chain (genitival)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'the bones of'.
מִיּ֥וֹםfrom the dayprep + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'from the day'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
לַ֖יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
תַּשְׁלִימֵֽנִיhe shall payHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
14

כְּס֤וּס עָגוּר֙ כֵּ֣ן אֲצַפְצֵ֔ף אֶהְגֶּ֖ה כַּיּוֹנָ֑ה דַּלּ֤וּ עֵינַי֙ לַמָּר֔וֹם אֲדֹנָ֖י עָֽשְׁקָה לִּ֥י עָרְבֵֽנִי

Like a crane a swallow, so did I chatter: I did mourn as a dove: mine eyes fail upward: O YHWH, I am oppressed; undertake for me.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'chatter'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כְּס֤וּסhorseprep + N com m sg constr · סוּס (H5483)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סוּס (H5483) 'horse'.
עָגוּר֙swallowN c · עָגוּר (H5693)Construct chain (genitival)עָגוּר (H5693) 'swallow'.
כֵּ֣ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אֲצַפְצֵ֔ףchatterl impf 1cs · צָפַף (H6850)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָפַף (H6850) 'chatter'.
אֶהְגֶּ֖הbut you shall meditateQal impf 1cs · הָגָה (H1897)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָגָה (H1897) 'but you shall meditate'.
כַּיּוֹנָ֑הthe doveprep + art + N com f sg abs · יוֹנָה (H3123)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָה (H3123) 'the dove'.
דַּלּ֤וּandQal perf 3cp · דָּלַל (H1809)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּלַל (H1809) 'and'.
עֵינַי֙the eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
לַמָּר֔וֹםthe heights ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מָרוֹם (H4791)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
אֲדֹנָ֖יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
עָֽשְׁקָהoppressedN c · עׇשְׁקָה (H6234)Construct chain (genitival)עׇשְׁקָה (H6234) 'oppressed'.
לִּ֥יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
עָרְבֵֽנִיwill be surety for himQal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · עָרַב (H6148)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָרַב (H6148) 'will be surety for him'.
15

מָֽה אֲדַבֵּ֥ר וְאָֽמַר לִ֖י וְה֣וּא עָשָׂ֑ה אֶדַּדֶּ֥ה כָל שְׁנוֹתַ֖י עַל מַ֥ר נַפְשִֽׁי

What shall I say? he has both spoken to me, and himself has done : I shall go softly all my years in the bitterness of my soul.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I speak'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
מָֽהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
אֲדַבֵּ֥רI speakPiel impf 1cs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'I speak'.
וְאָֽמַרand I saidconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
לִ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
וְה֣וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
עָשָׂ֑הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
אֶדַּדֶּ֥הgo (softlyHithpael impf 1cs · דָּדָה (H1718)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּדָה (H1718) 'go (softly'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
שְׁנוֹתַ֖יyearsN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'years'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מַ֥רof bitternessAdj · מַר (H4751)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַר (H4751) 'of bitterness'.
נַפְשִֽׁיmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
16

אֲדֹנָ֖י עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם יִֽחְי֑וּ וּלְכָל בָּהֶן֙ חַיֵּ֣י רוּחִ֔י וְתַחֲלִימֵ֖נִי וְהַחֲיֵֽנִי

O Lord, by these live, and in all these the life of my spirit: so will you recover me, and make me to live.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they will let live'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֲדֹנָ֖יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֣םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
יִֽחְי֑וּthey will let liveQal impf 3mp · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָיָה (H2421) 'they will let live'.
וּלְכָלand to allconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and to all'.
בָּהֶן֙with themprep + sfx 3fpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'with them'.
חַיֵּ֣יthe life ofN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'the life of'.
רוּחִ֔יmy SpiritN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'my Spirit'.
וְתַחֲלִימֵ֖נִיI have dreamedconj וְ + Hiphil impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · חָלַם (H2492)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַם (H2492) 'I have dreamed'.
וְהַחֲיֵֽנִיand he livedconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָיָה (H2421) 'and he lived'.
17

הִנֵּ֥ה לְשָׁל֖וֹם מַר לִ֣י מָ֑ר וְאַתָּ֞ה חָשַׁ֤קְתָּ נַפְשִׁי֙ מִשַּׁ֣חַת בְּלִ֔י כִּ֥י הִשְׁלַ֛כְתָּ אַחֲרֵ֥י גֵוְךָ֖ כָּל חֲטָאָֽי

Behold, for peace I had great bitterness: but you have in love to my soul from the pit of corruption: for you have cast all my sins behind your back.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and made bitter'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
הִנֵּ֥הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
לְשָׁל֖וֹםin peaceprep + N com m sg abs · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'in peace'.
מַרof bitternessAdj · מַר (H4751)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַר (H4751) 'of bitterness'.
לִ֣יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
מָ֑רand made bitterQal perf 3ms · מָרַר (H4843)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָרַר (H4843) 'and made bitter'.
וְאַתָּ֞הand youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
חָשַׁ֤קְתָּset his love/desiredQal perf 2ms · חָשַׁק (H2836)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָשַׁק (H2836) 'set his love/desired'.
נַפְשִׁי֙my soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
מִשַּׁ֣חַתfromprep + N com f sg constr · שַׁחַת (H7845)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁחַת (H7845) 'from'.
בְּלִ֔יwithoutneg. · בְּלִי (H1097)Particle or relational elementבְּלִי (H1097) 'without'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הִשְׁלַ֛כְתָּand he threw [it]Hiphil perf 2ms · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַךְ (H7993) 'and he threw [it]'.
אַחֲרֵ֥יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
גֵוְךָ֖amongN c · גֵּו (H1460)Construct chain (genitival)גֵּו (H1460) 'among'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
חֲטָאָֽיmy sinsN c · חֵטְא (H2399)Construct chain (genitival)חֵטְא (H2399) 'my sins'.
18

כִּ֣י לֹ֥א שְׁא֛וֹל תּוֹדֶ֖ךָּ מָ֣וֶת יְהַלְלֶ֑ךָּ לֹֽא יְשַׂבְּר֥וּ יֽוֹרְדֵי ב֖וֹר אֶל אֲמִתֶּֽךָ

For the grave cannot praise you, death can celebrate you: they that go down into the pit cannot hope for your truth.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will praise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שְׁא֛וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
תּוֹדֶ֖ךָּI will praiseHiphil impf 3fs + sfx 2ms · יָדָה (H3034)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדָה (H3034) 'I will praise'.
מָ֣וֶתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
יְהַלְלֶ֑ךָּand they praisedPiel impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יְשַׂבְּר֥וּhopePiel impf 3mp · שָׂבַר (H7663)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂבַר (H7663) 'hope'.
יֽוֹרְדֵיand went downQal ptc mp · יָרַד (H3381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
ב֖וֹרa pitN c · בּוֹר (H953)Construct chain (genitival)בּוֹר (H953) 'a pit'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֲמִתֶּֽךָtrueN c · אֱמֶת (H571)Construct chain (genitival)אֱמֶת (H571) 'true'.
19

חַ֥י חַ֛י ה֥וּא יוֹדֶ֖ךָ כָּמ֣וֹנִי הַיּ֑וֹם אָ֣ב לְבָנִ֔ים יוֹדִ֖יעַ אֶל אֲמִתֶּֽךָ

The living, the living, he shall praise you, as I this day: the father to the children shall make known your truth.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will praise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
חַ֥יaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
חַ֛יaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
ה֥וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
יוֹדֶ֖ךָI will praiseHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · יָדָה (H3034)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדָה (H3034) 'I will praise'.
כָּמ֣וֹנִיlike itprep + sfx 1cs · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like it'.
הַיּ֑וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
אָ֣בa fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'a father'.
לְבָנִ֔יםthe sons ofprep + N com m pl abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
יוֹדִ֖יעַI knowHiphil impf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֲמִתֶּֽךָtrueN c · אֱמֶת (H571)Construct chain (genitival)אֱמֶת (H571) 'true'.
20

יְהוָ֖ה לְהוֹשִׁיעֵ֑נִי וּנְגִנוֹתַ֧י נְנַגֵּ֛ן כָּל יְמֵ֥י חַיֵּ֖ינוּ עַל בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה

YHWH to save me: therefore we will sing my songs to the stringed instruments all the days of our life in the house of YHWH.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'one to save'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לְהוֹשִׁיעֵ֑נִיone to saveprep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 1cs · יָשַׁע (H3467)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
וּנְגִנוֹתַ֧יandconj וְ + N com f pl constr · נְגִינָה (H5058)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְגִינָה (H5058) 'and'.
נְנַגֵּ֛ןplayer on instrumentsPiel impf 1cp · נָגַן (H5059)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַן (H5059) 'player on instruments'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יְמֵ֥יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
חַיֵּ֖ינוּaliveN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
21

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְשַׁעְיָ֔הוּ יִשְׂא֖וּ דְּבֶ֣לֶת תְּאֵנִ֑ים וְיִמְרְח֥וּ עַֽל הַשְּׁחִ֖ין וְיֶֽחִי

For Isaiah had said, Let them take a lump of figs, and lay for a plaister upon the boil, and he shall recover.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יְשַׁעְיָ֔הוּIsaiahN · יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470) 'Isaiah'.
יִשְׂא֖וּthey shall bearQal impf 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'they shall bear'.
דְּבֶ֣לֶתcake (lump) of figsN c · דְּבֵלָה (H1690)Construct chain (genitival)דְּבֵלָה (H1690) 'cake (lump) of figs'.
תְּאֵנִ֑יםand fig treeN c · תְּאֵנָה (H8384)Construct chain (genitival)תְּאֵנָה (H8384) 'and fig tree'.
וְיִמְרְח֥וּandconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · מָרַח (H4799)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָרַח (H4799) 'and'.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַשְּׁחִ֖יןthe boilsart + N com m sg abs · שְׁחִין (H7822)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁחִין (H7822) 'the boils'.
וְיֶֽחִיand he livedconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָיָה (H2421) 'and he lived'.
22

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ מָ֣ה א֑וֹת כִּ֥י אֶעֱלֶ֖ה בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה

Hezekiah also had said, What the sign that I shall go up to the house of YHWH?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Closes the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּHezekiahN · חִזְקִיָּה (H2396)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִזְקִיָּה (H2396) 'Hezekiah'.
מָ֣הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
א֑וֹתa signN c · אוֹת (H226)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹת (H226) 'a sign'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֶעֱלֶ֖הI will go upQal impf 1cs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'I will go up'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.