Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 14ישעיהו 14

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Restoration, taunt, underworld mockery, cosmic ambition brought low, dynastic excision, Assyrian overthrow, and a closing warning to Philistia all converge in this sprawling anti-imperial oracle. It begins with mercy, not mockery. YHWH again chooses Israel, settles Jacob on his own ground, and even attaches the sojourner to the house of Jacob. That restoration is immediately political as well as covenantal: the peoples who once carried Israel away now carry Israel home, and the oppressed come to rule over those who drove them. The taunt against the king of Babylon must therefore be heard as the speech of a people whom YHWH has finally given rest from sorrow, turmoil, and hard bondage. The mockery itself is brilliant and terrible. The oppressor has ceased, the staff of wicked rule is broken, the whole earth rests, and even the trees of Lebanon rejoice because the feller has fallen. Then the horizon plunges beneath the earth. Sheol is stirred to greet the arriving tyrant, and the dead kings rise in astonished contempt: he who weakened nations is now as weak as they. Royal music gives way to worms and maggots. The famous fall of the day-star figure presses the satire upward again into the language of heavenly aspiration. The Babylonian ruler had said in his heart that he would ascend, raise his throne above the stars of God, sit on the mount of assembly, and make himself like the Most High. Instead he is brought down to Sheol, and those who look on him marvel that this ruined man is the same one who shook kingdoms. It then refuses any sentimental end. Babylon's king is denied honorable burial, his land is marked by ruin, and his seed is not to endure. YHWH rises against Babylon to cut off name, remnant, offspring, and posterity, turning imperial magnificence into marshy desolation swept by the broom of destruction. From there it briefly widens to a sworn statement about Assyria: what YHWH has planned will stand, and the oppressor will be broken on YHWH's own land. The final oracle turns to Philistia in the year of Ahaz's death and warns against rejoicing too quickly. A broken rod does not mean lasting safety, because from the serpent's root comes a deadlier offspring. The poor of Zion will find refuge in YHWH's founded city, but Philistia will melt before the northern smoke. Taken together, the movement binds Israel's rest, Babylon's humiliation, anti-theomorphic pride brought down, dynastic extinction, the certainty of YHWH's purpose against empires, and Zion's security over against Philistine misreading into a chapter where divine sovereignty overturns every predatory kingdom and secures the afflicted people who take refuge in YHWH.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. It belongs to the Babylon material, but it combines several tightly linked units: the restoration of Jacob (vv. 1-2), the taunt-song against the king of Babylon (vv. 3-23), YHWH's sworn purpose against Assyria (vv. 24-27), and the dated oracle to Philistia (vv. 28-32). Verses 1-2 must retain the force of renewed election and resettlement. YHWH again has compassion on Jacob, again chooses Israel, and gives them rest on their own ground. The joining of the sojourner to the house of Jacob should remain audible, since the restoration is not merely ethnically inward but socially expansive. Verse 2 should also preserve the reversal of subjection: peoples escort Israel home, Israel possesses them in the land of YHWH for servants and handmaids, and former captives rule their oppressors. Verses 3-4 introduce the taunt with the language of rest from sorrow, rage, and hard bondage. That framing matters because the satire against Babylon is possible only after YHWH has given relief to the afflicted people. The opening cry in verse 4 should keep the abrupt wonder of the oppressor's end, and the difficult final noun there should still sound like the cessation of an exacting, driven tyranny. Verses 5-8 celebrate the collapse of oppressive rule. The broken staff and scepter should remain concrete royal emblems, and the rejoicing of the whole earth, even of cypresses and cedars, should be translated with its ironic vividness intact: the woodcutter of nations no longer rises. Verses 9-11 descend into Sheol. The underworld is personified as trembling to greet the fallen king, and the shades of dead rulers mock him as one who has become weak like them. The reduction from pomp and harp-music to maggots and worms should remain stark. Verses 12-15 contain the taunt's most concentrated ascent-and-fall imagery. The morning star figure should be translated carefully enough to preserve the poetic image without erasing that the immediate target is the Babylonian king. His inner speech in verses 13-14 must retain the piling up of ascent verbs and throne-claims: he would rise to heaven, elevate his throne above the stars of God, sit on the mount of assembly in the far north, ascend above the heights of cloud, and make himself like the Most High. Verse 15 then snaps the whole ambition downward into Sheol and the recesses of the pit. Verses 16-20 return to the watchers' astonishment and the king's disgrace. They ask whether this ruined man is really the one who shook the earth, made the world like a wilderness, and would not release his prisoners homeward. The contrast with the burial of other kings is crucial: he is cast away from his tomb like an abhorred branch and denied honorable burial because he destroyed his land and slaughtered his people. Verse 21 extends that judgment to the sons, and verses 22-23 state YHWH's own resolve to cut off Babylon's name, remnant, and posterity and turn it into a possession of the hedgehog and pools of water, swept with the broom of destruction. Verses 24-27 shift to Assyria but stay within the same theology of fixed divine purpose. YHWH of hosts has sworn, and what he has planned stands. The breaking of Assyria in YHWH's land should remain linked to the universal statement that no one can annul his counsel or turn back his outstretched hand. Verses 28-32 are dated to the year of Ahaz's death and address Philistia directly. The warning not to rejoice because the striking rod is broken should preserve the serpent imagery that follows: from the serpent's root comes an adder and then a flying fiery serpent. At the same time, the poor of YHWH's people are fed and secured, while Philistia is told to wail because smoke comes from the north and no straggler is absent from the invader's ranks. The closing answer to the messengers of the nation should land on Zion: YHWH has founded her, and in her the afflicted of his people find refuge. Taken together, it should be translated as a sequence where Israel's rest authorizes Babylon's taunt, human self-exaltation is mocked by descent to Sheol, imperial lineage is cut off, Assyria too is subject to YHWH's irreversible counsel, and Zion alone emerges as the secure refuge for the poor. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

כִּי֩ יְרַחֵ֨ם יְהוָ֜ה אֶֽת יַעֲקֹ֗ב וּבָחַ֥ר עוֹד֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהִנִּיחָ֖ם עַל אַדְמָתָ֑ם וְנִלְוָ֤ה הַגֵּר֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנִסְפְּח֖וּ עַל בֵּ֥ית יַעֲקֹֽב

For YHWH will have mercy on Jacob, and will yet choose Israel, and set them in their own land: and the strangers shall be joined with them, and they shall cleave to the house of Jacob.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and have compassion on you'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יְרַחֵ֨םand have compassion on youPiel impf 3ms · רָחַם (H7355)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָחַם (H7355) 'and have compassion on you'.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יַעֲקֹ֗בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
וּבָחַ֥רhe will chooseconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · בָּחַר (H977)Particle or relational elementבָּחַר (H977) 'he will choose'.
עוֹד֙againart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'in Israel'.
וְהִנִּיחָ֖םand leave themconj וְ + Hiphil q 3ms + sfx 3mp · נוּחַ (H3240)Particle or relational elementנוּחַ (H3240) 'and leave them'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אַדְמָתָ֑םtheir landN c · אֲדָמָה (H127)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'their land'.
וְנִלְוָ֤הand you will lendconj וְ + Niphal q 3ms · לָוָה (H3867)Particle or relational elementלָוָה (H3867) 'and you will lend'.
הַגֵּר֙the sojournerart + N com m sg abs · גֵּר (H1616)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֵּר (H1616) 'the sojourner'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֔םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
וְנִסְפְּח֖וּabidingconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · סָפַח (H5596)Particle or relational elementסָפַח (H5596) 'abiding'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יַעֲקֹֽבJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
2

וּלְקָח֣וּם עַמִּים֮ וֶהֱבִיא֣וּם אֶל מְקוֹמָם֒ וְהִֽתְנַחֲל֣וּם בֵּֽית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל עַ֚ל אַדְמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲבָדִ֖ים וְלִשְׁפָח֑וֹת וְהָיוּ֙ שֹׁבִ֣ים לְשֹֽׁבֵיהֶ֔ם וְרָד֖וּ בְּנֹגְשֵׂיהֶֽם

And the people shall take them, and bring them to their place: and the house of Israel shall possess them in the land of YHWH for servants and handmaids: and they shall take them captives, whose captives they were; and they shall rule over their oppressors.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and you take captive'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וּלְקָח֣וּםand he tookconj וְ + Qal q 3cp + sfx 3mp · לָקַח (H3947)Particle or relational elementלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
עַמִּים֮peoplesN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'peoples'.
וֶהֱבִיא֣וּםand they cameconj וְ + Hiphil q 3cp + sfx 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Particle or relational elementבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
מְקוֹמָם֒their placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'their place'.
וְהִֽתְנַחֲל֣וּםyou will inheritconj וְ + Hithpael q 3cp + sfx 3mp · נָחַל (H5157)Particle or relational elementנָחַל (H5157) 'you will inherit'.
בֵּֽיתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
עַ֚לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אַדְמַ֣תthe land ofN c · אֲדָמָה (H127)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'the land of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לַעֲבָדִ֖יםas slavesprep + N com m pl abs · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'as slaves'.
וְלִשְׁפָח֑וֹתand female slavesconj וְ + prep + N com f pl abs · שִׁפְחָה (H8198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁפְחָה (H8198) 'and female slaves'.
וְהָיוּ֙and they shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and they shall be'.
שֹׁבִ֣יםand you take captiveQal ptc mp · שָׁבָה (H7617)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁבָה (H7617) 'and you take captive'.
לְשֹֽׁבֵיהֶ֔םand you take captiveprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3mp · שָׁבָה (H7617)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁבָה (H7617) 'and you take captive'.
וְרָד֖וּand ruleconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · רָדָה (H7287)Particle or relational elementרָדָה (H7287) 'and rule'.
בְּנֹגְשֵׂיהֶֽםthe taskmasters ofprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3mp · נָגַשׂ (H5065)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַשׂ (H5065) 'the taskmasters of'.
3

וְהָיָ֗ה בְּי֨וֹם הָנִ֤יחַ יְהוָה֙ לְךָ֔ מֵֽעָצְבְּךָ֖ וּמֵרָגְזֶ֑ךָ וּמִן הָעֲבֹדָ֥ה הַקָּשָׁ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֻבַּד בָּֽךְ

And it shall come to pass in the day that YHWH shall give you rest from your sorrow, and from your fear, and from the hard bondage wherein you wast made to serve,

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'has given rest'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְהָיָ֗הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
בְּי֨וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הָנִ֤יחַhas given restHiphil inf constr · נוּחַ (H5117)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנוּחַ (H5117) 'has given rest'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לְךָ֔to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
מֵֽעָצְבְּךָ֖fromprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · עֹצֶב (H6090)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹצֶב (H6090) 'from'.
וּמֵרָגְזֶ֑ךָandconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · רֹגֶז (H7267)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹגֶז (H7267) 'and'.
וּמִןand fromconj וְ + prep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'and from'.
הָעֲבֹדָ֥הthe serviceart + N com f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'the service'.
הַקָּשָׁ֖הstiffart + Adj · קָשֶׁה (H7186)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָשֶׁה (H7186) 'stiff'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עֻבַּדhas been workedPual perf 3ms · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַד (H5647) 'has been worked'.
בָּֽךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
4

וְנָשָׂ֜אתָ הַמָּשָׁ֥ל הַזֶּ֛ה עַל מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְאָמָ֑רְתָּ אֵ֚יךְ שָׁבַ֣ת נֹגֵ֔שׂ שָׁבְתָ֖ה מַדְהֵבָֽה

That you shall take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say, How has the oppressor ceased! the golden city ceased!

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he rested'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְנָשָׂ֜אתָlifts upconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Particle or relational elementנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
הַמָּשָׁ֥לhis oracleart + N com m sg abs · מָשָׁל (H4912)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָשָׁל (H4912) 'his oracle'.
הַזֶּ֛הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מֶ֥לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
בָּבֶ֖לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
וְאָמָ֑רְתָּand you shall sayconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and you shall say'.
אֵ֚יךְhowinterrog. · אֵיכָה (H349)Particle or relational elementאֵיכָה (H349) 'how'.
שָׁבַ֣תhe restedQal perf 3ms · שָׁבַת (H7673)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַת (H7673) 'he rested'.
נֹגֵ֔שׂthe taskmasters ofQal ptc ms · נָגַשׂ (H5065)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַשׂ (H5065) 'the taskmasters of'.
שָׁבְתָ֖הit restedQal perf 3fs · שָׁבַת (H7673)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַת (H7673) 'it rested'.
מַדְהֵבָֽהgolden cityN c · מַדְהֵבָה (H4062)Construct chain (genitival)מַדְהֵבָה (H4062) 'golden city'.
5

שָׁבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה מַטֵּ֣ה רְשָׁעִ֑ים שֵׁ֖בֶט מֹשְׁלִֽים

YHWH has broken the staff of the wicked, the sceptre of the rulers.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'broke'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שָׁבַ֥רbrokeQal perf 3ms · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַר (H7665) 'broke'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מַטֵּ֣הthe tribe ofN c · מַטֶּה (H4294)Construct chain (genitival)מַטֶּה (H4294) 'the tribe of'.
רְשָׁעִ֑יםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
שֵׁ֖בֶטthe tribe ofN c · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'the tribe of'.
מֹשְׁלִֽיםrulingQal ptc mp · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
6

מַכֶּ֤ה עַמִּים֙ בְּעֶבְרָ֔ה מַכַּ֖ת בִּלְתִּ֣י סָרָ֑ה רֹדֶ֤ה בָאַף֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם מֻרְדָּ֖ף בְּלִ֥י חָשָֽׂךְ

He who smote the people in wrath with a continual stroke, he that ruled the nations in anger, is persecuted, none hindereth.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'who strikes'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
מַכֶּ֤הwho strikesHiphil ptc ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהִכָּה (H5221) 'who strikes'.
עַמִּים֙peoplesN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'peoples'.
בְּעֶבְרָ֔הand their wrathprep + N com f sg abs · עֶבְרָה (H5678)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבְרָה (H5678) 'and their wrath'.
מַכַּ֖תa blowN c · מַכָּה (H4347)Construct chain (genitival)מַכָּה (H4347) 'a blow'.
בִּלְתִּ֣יexceptconj וְ · בִּלְתִּי (H1115)Particle or relational elementבִּלְתִּי (H1115) 'except'.
סָרָ֑הseditionN c · סָרָה (H5627)Construct chain (genitival)סָרָה (H5627) 'sedition'.
רֹדֶ֤הand let them ruleQal ptc ms · רָדָה (H7287)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָדָה (H7287) 'and let them rule'.
בָאַף֙in angerprep + art + N com m sg abs · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'in anger'.
גּוֹיִ֔םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
מֻרְדָּ֖ףpersecutedN c · מֻרְדָּף (H4783)Construct chain (genitival)מֻרְדָּף (H4783) 'persecuted'.
בְּלִ֥יwithoutneg. · בְּלִי (H1097)Particle or relational elementבְּלִי (H1097) 'without'.
חָשָֽׂךְwithheldQal perf 3ms · חָשַׂךְ (H2820)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָשַׂךְ (H2820) 'withheld'.
7

נָ֥חָה שָׁקְטָ֖ה כָּל הָאָ֑רֶץ פָּצְח֖וּ רִנָּֽה

The whole earth is at rest, is quiet: they break forth into singing.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'gives rest'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
נָ֥חָהgives restQal perf 3fs · נוּחַ (H5117)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּחַ (H5117) 'gives rest'.
שָׁקְטָ֖הhad restQal perf 3fs · שָׁקַט (H8252)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁקַט (H8252) 'had rest'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
פָּצְח֖וּbreak (forthQal perf 3cp · פָּצַח (H6476)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּצַח (H6476) 'break (forth'.
רִנָּֽהcryN c · רִנָּה (H7440)Construct chain (genitival)רִנָּה (H7440) 'cry'.
8

גַּם בְּרוֹשִׁ֛ים שָׂמְח֥וּ לְךָ֖ אַרְזֵ֣י לְבָנ֑וֹן מֵאָ֣ז שָׁכַ֔בְתָּ לֹֽא יַעֲלֶ֥ה הַכֹּרֵ֖ת עָלֵֽינוּ

Yea, the fir trees rejoice at you, the cedars of Lebanon, , Since you are laid down, no feller is come up against us.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
בְּרוֹשִׁ֛יםfirN c · בְּרוֹשׁ (H1265)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרוֹשׁ (H1265) 'fir'.
שָׂמְח֥וּand you shall rejoiceQal perf 3cp · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
לְךָ֖to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
אַרְזֵ֣יcedarN c · אֶרֶז (H730)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶז (H730) 'cedar'.
לְבָנ֑וֹןLebanonN · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְבָנוֹן (H3844) 'Lebanon'.
מֵאָ֣זsinceprep + art · אָז (H227)Particle or relational elementאָז (H227) 'since'.
שָׁכַ֔בְתָּand he layQal perf 2ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁכַב (H7901) 'and he lay'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַעֲלֶ֥הshall go upQal impf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'shall go up'.
הַכֹּרֵ֖תutterly / surelyart + Qal ptc ms · כָּרַת (H3772)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּרַת (H3772) 'utterly / surely'.
עָלֵֽינוּupon usprep + sfx 1cp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon us'.
9

שְׁא֗וֹל מִתַּ֛חַת רָגְזָ֥ה לְךָ֖ לִקְרַ֣את בּוֹאֶ֑ךָ עוֹרֵ֨ר לְךָ֤ רְפָאִים֙ כָּל עַתּ֣וּדֵי אָ֔רֶץ הֵקִים֙ מִכִּסְאוֹתָ֔ם כֹּ֖ל מַלְכֵ֥י גוֹיִֽם

Hell from beneath is moved for you to meet at your coming: it stirreth up the dead for you, all the chief ones of the earth; it has raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and shall tremble'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
שְׁא֗וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
מִתַּ֛חַתfrom underprep + prep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'from under'.
רָגְזָ֥הand shall trembleQal perf 3fs · רָגַז (H7264)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָגַז (H7264) 'and shall tremble'.
לְךָ֖to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
לִקְרַ֣אתto meetprep + Qal inf constr · קָרָא (H7125)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7125) 'to meet'.
בּוֹאֶ֑ךָand they cameQal inf constr + sfx 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
עוֹרֵ֨רawakePolel perf 3ms · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
לְךָ֤to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
רְפָאִים֙deadN c · רָפָא (H7496)Construct chain (genitival)רָפָא (H7496) 'dead'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עַתּ֣וּדֵיhe-goatsN c · עַתּוּד (H6260)Construct chain (genitival)עַתּוּד (H6260) 'he-goats'.
אָ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
הֵקִים֙set upHiphil perf 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקוּם (H6965) 'set up'.
מִכִּסְאוֹתָ֔םthe throneprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · כִּסֵּא (H3678)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כִּסֵּא (H3678) 'the throne'.
כֹּ֖לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מַלְכֵ֥יkings ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings of'.
גוֹיִֽםnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
10

כֻּלָּ֣ם יַֽעֲנ֔וּ וְיֹאמְר֖וּ אֵלֶ֑יךָ גַּם אַתָּ֛ה חֻלֵּ֥יתָ כָמ֖וֹנוּ אֵלֵ֥ינוּ נִמְשָֽׁלְתָּ

All they shall speak and say to you, Art you also become weak as we? are you become like to us?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כֻּלָּ֣םall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
יַֽעֲנ֔וּand answeredQal impf 3mp · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
וְיֹאמְר֖וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'and they said'.
אֵלֶ֑יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אַתָּ֛הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
חֻלֵּ֥יתָinflictedPual perf 2ms · חָלָה (H2470)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלָה (H2470) 'inflicted'.
כָמ֖וֹנוּlike itprep + sfx 1cp · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like it'.
אֵלֵ֥ינוּto usprep + sfx 1cp · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to us'.
נִמְשָֽׁלְתָּthe ballad-singersN · מָשַׁל (H4911)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָשַׁל (H4911) 'the ballad-singers'.
11

הוּרַ֥ד שְׁא֛וֹל גְּאוֹנֶ֖ךָ הֶמְיַ֣ת נְבָלֶ֑יךָ תַּחְתֶּ֨יךָ֙ יֻצַּ֣ע רִמָּ֔ה וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָ תּוֹלֵעָֽה

Your pomp is brought down to the grave, the noise of your viols: the worm is spread under you, and the worms cover you.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'take off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
הוּרַ֥דtake offHophal perf 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרַד (H3381) 'take off'.
שְׁא֛וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
גְּאוֹנֶ֖ךָyour majestyN c · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Construct chain (genitival)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'your majesty'.
הֶמְיַ֣תnoiseN c · הֶמְיָה (H1998)Construct chain (genitival)הֶמְיָה (H1998) 'noise'.
נְבָלֶ֑יךָandN c · נֶבֶל (H5035)Construct chain (genitival)נֶבֶל (H5035) 'and'.
תַּחְתֶּ֨יךָ֙under youprep + sfx 2ms · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under you'.
יֻצַּ֣עmake (one's) bedHophal impf 3ms · יַצַע (H3331)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיַצַע (H3331) 'make (one's) bed'.
רִמָּ֔הand a wormN c · רִמָּה (H7415)Construct chain (genitival)רִמָּה (H7415) 'and a worm'.
וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָand the covering fatconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · מְכַסֶּה (H4374)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְכַסֶּה (H4374) 'and the covering fat'.
תּוֹלֵעָֽהand worm ofN c · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438) 'and worm of'.
12

אֵ֛יךְ נָפַ֥לְתָּ מִשָּׁמַ֖יִם הֵילֵ֣ל בֶּן שָׁ֑חַר נִגְדַּ֣עְתָּ לָאָ֔רֶץ חוֹלֵ֖שׁ עַל גּוֹיִֽם

How are you fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! are you cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'falling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אֵ֛יךְhowinterrog. · אֵיכָה (H349)Particle or relational elementאֵיכָה (H349) 'how'.
נָפַ֥לְתָּfallingQal perf 2ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַל (H5307) 'falling'.
מִשָּׁמַ֖יִםthe heavensprep + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
הֵילֵ֣לluciferN c · הֵילֵל (H1966)Construct chain (genitival)הֵילֵל (H1966) 'lucifer'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
שָׁ֑חַרthe dawnN c · שַׁחַר (H7837)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַר (H7837) 'the dawn'.
נִגְדַּ֣עְתָּyou shall hew downN · גָּדַע (H1438)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדַע (H1438) 'you shall hew down'.
לָאָ֔רֶץfor the landprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'for the land'.
חוֹלֵ֖שׁand ... overwhelmedQal ptc ms · חָלַשׁ (H2522)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָלַשׁ (H2522) 'and ... overwhelmed'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
גּוֹיִֽםnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
13

וְאַתָּ֞ה אָמַ֤רְתָּ בִֽלְבָבְךָ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם אֶֽעֱלֶ֔ה מִמַּ֥עַל לְכֽוֹכְבֵי אֵ֖ל אָרִ֣ים כִּסְאִ֑י וְאֵשֵׁ֥ב בְּהַר מוֹעֵ֖ד בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפֽוֹן

For you have said in your heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north:

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'have said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְאַתָּ֞הand youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
אָמַ֤רְתָּhave saidQal perf 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'have said'.
בִֽלְבָבְךָ֙in your heartprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · לֵבָב (H3824)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵבָב (H3824) 'in your heart'.
הַשָּׁמַ֣יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
אֶֽעֱלֶ֔הI will go upQal impf 1cs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'I will go up'.
מִמַּ֥עַלaboveprep + art · מַעְלָה (H4605)Particle or relational elementמַעְלָה (H4605) 'above'.
לְכֽוֹכְבֵיthe starsprep + N com m pl constr · כּוֹכָב (H3556)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוֹכָב (H3556) 'the stars'.
אֵ֖לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
אָרִ֣יםand tallHiphil impf 1cs · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
כִּסְאִ֑יthe throneN c · כִּסֵּא (H3678)Construct chain (genitival)כִּסֵּא (H3678) 'the throne'.
וְאֵשֵׁ֥בand I remainedconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and I remained'.
בְּהַרon the mountainprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'on the mountain'.
מוֹעֵ֖דmeetingN c · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹעֵד (H4150) 'meeting'.
בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥יat the rearprep + N com f du constr · יְרֵכָה (H3411)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרֵכָה (H3411) 'at the rear'.
צָפֽוֹןnorthN c · צָפוֹן (H6828)Construct chain (genitival)צָפוֹן (H6828) 'north'.
14

אֶעֱלֶ֖ה עַל בָּ֣מֳתֵי עָ֑ב אֶדַּמֶּ֖ה לְעֶלְיֽוֹן

I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will go up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֶעֱלֶ֖הI will go upQal impf 1cs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'I will go up'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּ֣מֳתֵיheights ofN c · בָּמָה (H1116)Construct chain (genitival)בָּמָה (H1116) 'heights of'.
עָ֑בin the thickness ofN c · עָב (H5645)Construct chain (genitival)עָב (H5645) 'in the thickness of'.
אֶדַּמֶּ֖הI plannedHithpael impf 1cs · דָּמָה (H1819)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּמָה (H1819) 'I planned'.
לְעֶלְיֽוֹןMost Highprep + Adj · עֶלְיוֹן (H5945)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶלְיוֹן (H5945) 'Most High'.
15

אַ֧ךְ אֶל שְׁא֛וֹל תּוּרָ֖ד אֶל יַרְכְּתֵי בֽוֹר

Yet you shall be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and went down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַ֧ךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שְׁא֛וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
תּוּרָ֖דand went downHophal impf 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יַרְכְּתֵיat the rearN c · יְרֵכָה (H3411)Construct chain (genitival)יְרֵכָה (H3411) 'at the rear'.
בֽוֹרa pitN c · בּוֹר (H953)Construct chain (genitival)בּוֹר (H953) 'a pit'.
16

רֹאֶ֨יךָ֙ אֵלֶ֣יךָ יַשְׁגִּ֔יחוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ יִתְבּוֹנָ֑נוּ הֲזֶ֤ה הָאִישׁ֙ מַרְגִּ֣יז הָאָ֔רֶץ מַרְעִ֖ישׁ מַמְלָכֽוֹת

They that see you shall narrowly look upon you, consider you, this the man that made the earth to tremble, that did shake kingdoms;

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
רֹאֶ֨יךָ֙and he sawQal ptc mp + sfx 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
אֵלֶ֣יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
יַשְׁגִּ֔יחוּlookHiphil impf 3mp · שָׁגַח (H7688)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁגַח (H7688) 'look'.
אֵלֶ֖יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
יִתְבּוֹנָ֑נוּdiscerningHithpolel impf 3mp · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
הֲזֶ֤הthisinterrog. + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
הָאִישׁ֙the manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'the man'.
מַרְגִּ֣יזand shall trembleHiphil ptc ms · רָגַז (H7264)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָגַז (H7264) 'and shall tremble'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
מַרְעִ֖ישׁshookHiphil ptc ms · רָעַשׁ (H7493)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַשׁ (H7493) 'shook'.
מַמְלָכֽוֹתthe kingdoms ofN c · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Construct chain (genitival)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'the kingdoms of'.
17

שָׂ֥ם תֵּבֵ֛ל כַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְעָרָ֣יו הָרָ֑ס אֲסִירָ֖יו לֹא פָ֥תַח בָּֽיְתָה

made the world as a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof; opened not the house of his prisoners?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
שָׂ֥םsetQal perf 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'set'.
תֵּבֵ֛לhabitable partN c · תֵּבֵל (H8398)Construct chain (genitival)תֵּבֵל (H8398) 'habitable part'.
כַּמִּדְבָּ֖רin the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
וְעָרָ֣יוand its citiesconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 3ms · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'and its cities'.
הָרָ֑סutterlyQal perf 3ms · הָרַס (H2040)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָרַס (H2040) 'utterly'.
אֲסִירָ֖יוthe prisoners ofN c · אָסִיר (H615)Construct chain (genitival)אָסִיר (H615) 'the prisoners of'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
פָ֥תַחsurely (open)Qal perf 3ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּתַח (H6605) 'surely (open)'.
בָּֽיְתָהher houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'her house'.
18

כָּל מַלְכֵ֥י גוֹיִ֖ם כֻּלָּ֑ם שָׁכְב֥וּ בְכָב֖וֹד אִ֥ישׁ בְּבֵיתֽוֹ

All the kings of the nations, all of them, lie in glory, every one in his own house.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he lay'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מַלְכֵ֥יkings ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings of'.
גוֹיִ֖םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
כֻּלָּ֑םall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
שָׁכְב֥וּand he layQal perf 3cp · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁכַב (H7901) 'and he lay'.
בְכָב֖וֹדthe glory ofprep + N com c sg abs · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
בְּבֵיתֽוֹover his houseprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'over his house'.
19

וְאַתָּ֞ה הָשְׁלַ֤כְתָּ מִֽקִּבְרְךָ֙ כְּנֵ֣צֶר נִתְעָ֔ב לְב֥וּשׁ הֲרֻגִ֖ים מְטֹ֣עֲנֵי חָ֑רֶב יוֹרְדֵ֥י אֶל אַבְנֵי ב֖וֹר כְּפֶ֥גֶר מוּבָֽס

But you are cast out of your grave like an abominable branch, the raiment of those that are slain, thrust through with a sword, that go down to the stones of the pit; as a carcase trodden under feet.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he threw [it]'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְאַתָּ֞הand youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
הָשְׁלַ֤כְתָּand he threw [it]Hophal perf 2ms · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַךְ (H7993) 'and he threw [it]'.
מִֽקִּבְרְךָ֙a graveprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · קֶבֶר (H6913)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶבֶר (H6913) 'a grave'.
כְּנֵ֣צֶרas / likeprep + N com m sg abs · נֵצֶר (H5342)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֵצֶר (H5342) 'as / like'.
נִתְעָ֔בyou shall abhorN · תָּעַב (H8581)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּעַב (H8581) 'you shall abhor'.
לְב֥וּשׁhis garmentN c · לְבוּשׁ (H3830)Construct chain (genitival)לְבוּשׁ (H3830) 'his garment'.
הֲרֻגִ֖יםthey killedQal ptc mp · הָרַג (H2026)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָרַג (H2026) 'they killed'.
מְטֹ֣עֲנֵיthrust throughPual ptc mp · טָעַן (H2944)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorטָעַן (H2944) 'thrust through'.
חָ֑רֶבthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
יוֹרְדֵ֥יand went downQal ptc mp · יָרַד (H3381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אַבְנֵיstones ofN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'stones of'.
ב֖וֹרa pitN c · בּוֹר (H953)Construct chain (genitival)בּוֹר (H953) 'a pit'.
כְּפֶ֥גֶרyour corpsesprep + N com m sg abs · פֶּגֶר (H6297)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּגֶר (H6297) 'your corpses'.
מוּבָֽסloathHophal ptc ms · בּוּס (H947)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוּס (H947) 'loath'.
20

לֹֽא תֵחַ֤ד אִתָּם֙ בִּקְבוּרָ֔ה כִּֽי אַרְצְךָ֥ שִׁחַ֖תָּ עַמְּךָ֣ הָרָ֑גְתָּ לֹֽא יִקָּרֵ֥א לְעוֹלָ֖ם זֶ֥רַע מְרֵעִֽים

You shall not be joined with them in burial, because you have destroyed your land, slain your people: the seed of evildoers shall never be renowned.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'be united'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תֵחַ֤דbe unitedQal impf 2ms · יָחַד (H3161)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָחַד (H3161) 'be united'.
אִתָּם֙with themprep + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with them'.
בִּקְבוּרָ֔הgrave ofprep + N com f sg abs · קְבוּרָה (H6900)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קְבוּרָה (H6900) 'grave of'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אַרְצְךָ֥your landN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'your land'.
שִׁחַ֖תָּhas dealt corruptlyPiel perf 2ms · שָׁחַת (H7843)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁחַת (H7843) 'has dealt corruptly'.
עַמְּךָ֣your peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'your people'.
הָרָ֑גְתָּyou killedQal perf 2ms · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָרַג (H2026) 'you killed'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִקָּרֵ֥אshall be calledN · קָרָא (H7121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרָא (H7121) 'shall be called'.
לְעוֹלָ֖םforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
זֶ֥רַעseedN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'.
מְרֵעִֽיםand it was displeasingHiphil ptc mp · רָעַע (H7489)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
21

הָכִ֧ינוּ לְבָנָ֛יו מַטְבֵּ֖חַ בַּעֲוֺ֣ן אֲבוֹתָ֑ם בַּל יָקֻ֨מוּ֙ וְיָ֣רְשׁוּ אָ֔רֶץ וּמָלְא֥וּ פְנֵֽי תֵבֵ֖ל עָרִֽים

Prepare slaughter for his children for the iniquity of their fathers; that they do not rise, nor possess the land, nor fill the face of the world with cities.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'prepare'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
הָכִ֧ינוּprepareHiphil impv 2mp · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeכּוּן (H3559) 'prepare'.
לְבָנָ֛יוhis sons'prep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons''.
מַטְבֵּ֖חַslaughterN c · מַטְבֵּחַ (H4293)Construct chain (genitival)מַטְבֵּחַ (H4293) 'slaughter'.
בַּעֲוֺ֣ןin the punishment ofprep + N com c sg constr · עָוֹן (H5771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָוֹן (H5771) 'in the punishment of'.
אֲבוֹתָ֑םtheir fathersN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'their fathers'.
בַּלnotneg. · בַּל (H1077)Particle or relational elementבַּל (H1077) 'not'.
יָקֻ֨מוּ֙shall standQal impf 3mp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'shall stand'.
וְיָ֣רְשׁוּand they possessconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Particle or relational elementיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'and they possess'.
אָ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
וּמָלְא֥וּand fillconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · מָלֵא (H4390)Particle or relational elementמָלֵא (H4390) 'and fill'.
פְנֵֽיthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
תֵבֵ֖לhabitable partN c · תֵּבֵל (H8398)Construct chain (genitival)תֵּבֵל (H8398) 'habitable part'.
עָרִֽיםcitiesN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'cities'.
22

וְקַמְתִּ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת וְהִכְרַתִּ֨י לְבָבֶ֜ל שֵׁ֥ם וּשְׁאָ֛ר וְנִ֥ין וָנֶ֖כֶד נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

For I will rise up against them, says YHWH of hosts, and cut off from Babylon the name, and remnant, and son, and nephew, says YHWH.

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְקַמְתִּ֣יand he aroseconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · קוּם (H6965)Particle or relational elementקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֔םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
נְאֻ֖םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֑וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
וְהִכְרַתִּ֨יand I will cut offconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · כָּרַת (H3772)Particle or relational elementכָּרַת (H3772) 'and I will cut off'.
לְבָבֶ֜לBabelprep + N proper · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
שֵׁ֥םthe name ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name of'.
וּשְׁאָ֛רandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שְׁאָר (H7605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאָר (H7605) 'and'.
וְנִ֥יןand to my offspringconj וְ + N com m sg abs · נִין (H5209)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִין (H5209) 'and to my offspring'.
וָנֶ֖כֶדand to my posterityconj וְ + N com m sg abs · נֶכֶד (H5220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶכֶד (H5220) 'and to my posterity'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
23

וְשַׂמְתִּ֛יהָ לְמוֹרַ֥שׁ קִפֹּ֖ד וְאַגְמֵי מָ֑יִם וְטֵֽאטֵאתִ֨יהָ֙ בְּמַטְאֲטֵ֣א הַשְׁמֵ֔ד נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת

I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water: and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, says YHWH of hosts.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'destroy!'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְשַׂמְתִּ֛יהָand he setconj וְ + Qal q 1cs + sfx 3fs · שִׂים (H7760)Particle or relational elementשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
לְמוֹרַ֥שׁtoprep + N com m sg constr · מוֹרָשׁ (H4180)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹרָשׁ (H4180) 'to'.
קִפֹּ֖דbitternN c · קִפּוֹד (H7090)Construct chain (genitival)קִפּוֹד (H7090) 'bittern'.
וְאַגְמֵיtheir poolsconj וְ + N com m pl constr · אֲגַם (H98)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲגַם (H98) 'their pools'.
מָ֑יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
וְטֵֽאטֵאתִ֨יהָ֙andconj וְ + l q 1cs + sfx 3fs · טוּא (H2894)Particle or relational elementטוּא (H2894) 'and'.
בְּמַטְאֲטֵ֣אinprep + N com m sg constr · מַטְאֲטֵא (H4292)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַטְאֲטֵא (H4292) 'in'.
הַשְׁמֵ֔דdestroy!Hiphil inf abs · שָׁמַד (H8045)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionשָׁמַד (H8045) 'destroy!'.
נְאֻ֖םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָאֽוֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
24

נִשְׁבַּ֛ע יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר אִם לֹ֞א כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּמִּ֨יתִי֙ כֵּ֣ן הָיָ֔תָה וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָעַ֖צְתִּי הִ֥יא תָקֽוּם

YHWH of hosts has sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass; and as I have purposed, shall it stand:

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'saying'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
נִשְׁבַּ֛עhe sworeN · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִשְׁבַּע (H7650) 'he swore'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לֹ֞אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֤רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
דִּמִּ֨יתִי֙I plannedPiel perf 1cs · דָּמָה (H1819)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּמָה (H1819) 'I planned'.
כֵּ֣ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
הָיָ֔תָהwasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥רand asconj וְ + prep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and as'.
יָעַ֖צְתִּיlet me advise youQal perf 1cs · יָעַץ (H3289)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
הִ֥יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
תָקֽוּםyou shall riseQal impf 3fs · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'you shall rise'.
25

לִשְׁבֹּ֤ר אַשּׁוּר֙ בְּאַרְצִ֔י וְעַל הָרַ֖י אֲבוּסֶ֑נּוּ וְסָ֤ר מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶם֙ עֻלּ֔וֹ וְסֻ֨בֳּל֔וֹ מֵעַ֥ל שִׁכְמ֖וֹ יָסֽוּר

That I will break the Assyrian in my land, and upon my mountains tread him under foot: then shall his yoke depart from off them, and his burden depart from off their shoulders.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to break'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
לִשְׁבֹּ֤רto breakprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁבַר (H7665)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁבַר (H7665) 'to break'.
אַשּׁוּר֙AsshurN · אַשּׁוּר (H804)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַשּׁוּר (H804) 'Asshur'.
בְּאַרְצִ֔יthe landprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
הָרַ֖יthe mountains ofN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains of'.
אֲבוּסֶ֑נּוּloathQal impf 1cs + sfx 3ms · בּוּס (H947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּס (H947) 'loath'.
וְסָ֤רand turning awayconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · סוּר (H5493)Particle or relational elementסוּר (H5493) 'and turning away'.
מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶם֙from themprep + prep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from them'.
עֻלּ֔וֹhis yokeN c · עֹל (H5923)Construct chain (genitival)עֹל (H5923) 'his yoke'.
וְסֻ֨בֳּל֔וֹandconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · סֹבֶל (H5448)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֹבֶל (H5448) 'and'.
מֵעַ֥לfrom uponprep + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from upon'.
שִׁכְמ֖וֹhis shoulderN c · שְׁכֶם (H7926)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁכֶם (H7926) 'his shoulder'.
יָסֽוּרturn asideQal impf 3ms · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסוּר (H5493) 'turn aside'.
26

זֹ֛את הָעֵצָ֥ה הַיְּעוּצָ֖ה עַל כָּל הָאָ֑רֶץ וְזֹ֛את הַיָּ֥ד הַנְּטוּיָ֖ה עַל כָּל הַגּוֹיִֽם

This the purpose that is purposed upon the whole earth: and this the hand that is stretched out upon all the nations.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'let me advise you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
זֹ֛אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
הָעֵצָ֥הcounselart + N com f sg abs · עֵצָה (H6098)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵצָה (H6098) 'counsel'.
הַיְּעוּצָ֖הlet me advise youart + Qal ptc fs · יָעַץ (H3289)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְזֹ֛אתand thisconj וְ + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'and this'.
הַיָּ֥דthe handart + N com c sg abs · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'the hand'.
הַנְּטוּיָ֖הthe outstretchedart + Qal ptc fs · נָטָה (H5186)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטָה (H5186) 'the outstretched'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַגּוֹיִֽםthe nationsart + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'the nations'.
27

כִּֽי יְהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת יָעָ֖ץ וּמִ֣י יָפֵ֑ר וְיָד֥וֹ הַנְּטוּיָ֖ה וּֽמִ֥י יְשִׁיבֶֽנָּה

For YHWH of hosts has purposed, and who shall disannul ? and his hand stretched out, and who shall turn it back?

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'let me advise you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יְהוָ֧הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֛וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
יָעָ֖ץlet me advise youQal perf 3ms · יָעַץ (H3289)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
וּמִ֣יand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
יָפֵ֑רhe annulsHiphil impf 3ms · פָּרַר (H6565)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּרַר (H6565) 'he annuls'.
וְיָד֥וֹand his handconj וְ + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'and his hand'.
הַנְּטוּיָ֖הthe outstretchedart + Qal ptc fs · נָטָה (H5186)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטָה (H5186) 'the outstretched'.
וּֽמִ֥יand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
יְשִׁיבֶֽנָּהand he returnedHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
28

בִּשְׁנַת מ֖וֹת הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אָחָ֑ז הָיָ֖ה הַמַּשָּׂ֥א הַזֶּֽה

In the year that king Ahaz died was this burden.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בִּשְׁנַתin the year ofprep + N com f sg constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'in the year of'.
מ֖וֹתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אָחָ֑זAhazN · אָחָז (H271)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָחָז (H271) 'Ahaz'.
הָיָ֖הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
הַמַּשָּׂ֥אtheir burdenart + N com m sg abs · מַשָּׂא (H4853)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַשָּׂא (H4853) 'their burden'.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
29

אַֽל תִּשְׂמְחִ֤י פְלֶ֨שֶׁת֙ כֻּלֵּ֔ךְ כִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖ר שֵׁ֣בֶט מַכֵּ֑ךְ כִּֽי מִשֹּׁ֤רֶשׁ נָחָשׁ֙ יֵ֣צֵא צֶ֔פַע וּפִרְי֖וֹ שָׂרָ֥ף מְעוֹפֵֽף

Rejoice not you, whole Palestina, because the rod of him that smote you is broken: for out of the serpent's root shall come forth a cockatrice, and his fruit a fiery flying serpent.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּשְׂמְחִ֤יand you shall rejoiceQal jussive 2fs · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
פְלֶ֨שֶׁת֙Philistia.N · פְּלֶשֶׁת (H6429)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלֶשֶׁת (H6429) 'Philistia.'.
כֻּלֵּ֔ךְallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִשְׁבַּ֖רis injured/brokenN · שָׁבַר (H7665)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁבַר (H7665) 'is injured/broken'.
שֵׁ֣בֶטthe tribe ofN c · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'the tribe of'.
מַכֵּ֑ךְand he struckHiphil ptc ms + sfx 2fs · הִכָּה (H5221)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִשֹּׁ֤רֶשׁa rootprep + N com m sg constr · שֹׁרֶשׁ (H8328)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁרֶשׁ (H8328) 'a root'.
נָחָשׁ֙serpentN c · נָחָשׁ (H5175)Construct chain (genitival)נָחָשׁ (H5175) 'serpent'.
יֵ֣צֵאone going out (to)Qal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
צֶ֔פַעadderN c · צֶפַע (H6848)Construct chain (genitival)צֶפַע (H6848) 'adder'.
וּפִרְי֖וֹits fruitconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · פְּרִי (H6529)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּרִי (H6529) 'its fruit'.
שָׂרָ֥ףfieryN c · שָׂרָף (H8314)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂרָף (H8314) 'fiery'.
מְעוֹפֵֽףand exhaustedPolel ptc ms · עוּף (H5774)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעוּף (H5774) 'and exhausted'.
30

וְרָעוּ֙ בְּכוֹרֵ֣י דַלִּ֔ים וְאֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים לָבֶ֣טַח יִרְבָּ֑צוּ וְהֵמַתִּ֤י בָֽרָעָב֙ שָׁרְשֵׁ֔ךְ וּשְׁאֵרִיתֵ֖ךְ יַהֲרֹֽג

And the firstborn of the poor shall feed, and the needy shall lie down in safety: and I will kill your root with famine, and he shall slay your remnant.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'crouching'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְרָעוּ֙shepherdingconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · רָעָה (H7462)Particle or relational elementרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
בְּכוֹרֵ֣יthe firstborn ofN c · בְּכוֹר (H1060)Construct chain (genitival)בְּכוֹר (H1060) 'the firstborn of'.
דַלִּ֔יםpoorAdj · דַּל (H1800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּל (H1800) 'poor'.
וְאֶבְיוֹנִ֖יםpoorconj וְ + Adj · אֶבְיוֹן (H34)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבְיוֹן (H34) 'poor'.
לָבֶ֣טַחsecurelyprep + N com m sg abs · בֶּטַח (H983)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטַח (H983) 'securely'.
יִרְבָּ֑צוּcrouchingQal impf 3mp · רָבַץ (H7257)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבַץ (H7257) 'crouching'.
וְהֵמַתִּ֤יand he diedconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · מוּת (H4191)Particle or relational elementמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
בָֽרָעָב֙in hungerprep + art + N com m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָעָב (H7458) 'in hunger'.
שָׁרְשֵׁ֔ךְa rootN c · שֹׁרֶשׁ (H8328)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁרֶשׁ (H8328) 'a root'.
וּשְׁאֵרִיתֵ֖ךְa remnantconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 2fs · שְׁאֵרִית (H7611)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאֵרִית (H7611) 'a remnant'.
יַהֲרֹֽגthey killedQal impf 3ms · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָרַג (H2026) 'they killed'.
31

הֵילִ֤ילִֽי שַׁ֨עַר֙ זַֽעֲקִי עִ֔יר נָמ֖וֹג פְּלֶ֣שֶׁת כֻּלֵּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י מִצָּפוֹן֙ עָשָׁ֣ן בָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין בּוֹדֵ֖ד בְּמוֹעָדָֽיו

Howl, O gate; cry, O city; you, whole Palestina, dissolved: for there shall come from the north a smoke, and none alone in his appointed times.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is '(make to) howl'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הֵילִ֤ילִֽי(make to) howlHiphil impv 2fs · יָלַל (H3213)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָלַל (H3213) '(make to) howl'.
שַׁ֨עַר֙the gate ofN c · שַׁעַר (H8179)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate of'.
זַֽעֲקִיand they cried outQal impv 2fs · זָעַק (H2199)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָעַק (H2199) 'and they cried out'.
עִ֔ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
נָמ֖וֹגmelt awayN · מוּג (H4127)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוּג (H4127) 'melt away'.
פְּלֶ֣שֶׁתPhilistia.N · פְּלֶשֶׁת (H6429)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלֶשֶׁת (H6429) 'Philistia.'.
כֻּלֵּ֑ךְallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִצָּפוֹן֙north ofprep + N com f sg abs · צָפוֹן (H6828)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָפוֹן (H6828) 'north of'.
עָשָׁ֣ןsmoke ofN c · עָשָׁן (H6227)Construct chain (genitival)עָשָׁן (H6227) 'smoke of'.
בָּ֔אcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
בּוֹדֵ֖דaloneQal ptc ms · בָּדַד (H909)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּדַד (H909) 'alone'.
בְּמוֹעָדָֽיוinprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · מוֹעָד (H4151)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹעָד (H4151) 'in'.
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וּמַֽה יַּעֲנֶ֖ה מַלְאֲכֵי ג֑וֹי כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ יִסַּ֣ד צִיּ֔וֹן וּבָ֥הּ יֶחֱס֖וּ עֲנִיֵּ֥י עַמּֽוֹ

What shall then answer the messengers of the nation? That YHWH has founded Zion, and the poor of his people shall trust in it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'will answer'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וּמַֽהand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
יַּעֲנֶ֖הwill answerQal impf 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנָה (H6030) 'will answer'.
מַלְאֲכֵיmessengers ofN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers of'.
ג֑וֹיa nationN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'a nation'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יִסַּ֣דit was foundedPiel perf 3ms · יָסַד (H3245)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָסַד (H3245) 'it was founded'.
צִיּ֔וֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
וּבָ֥הּand by herconj וְ + prep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'and by her'.
יֶחֱס֖וּin which they took refugeQal impf 3mp · חָסָה (H2620)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָסָה (H2620) 'in which they took refuge'.
עֲנִיֵּ֥יpoorAdj · עָנִי (H6041)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנִי (H6041) 'poor'.
עַמּֽוֹhis peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'his people'.