Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 13ישעיהו 13

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

A terrifying vision opens the Babylon material not with political calculation but with YHWH mustering the nations for judgment. Although Babylon is named in the superscription, the chapter quickly expands beyond one city to the shaking of heaven and earth, the panic of peoples, and the day of YHWH as a world-ordering catastrophe. It begins with commands issued over a bare height, a lifted banner, and a summoned host. Yet the decisive speaker is YHWH himself: he has commanded his consecrated ones and called his warriors for his anger. The army gathering in the mountains is therefore not autonomous imperial motion but the instrument of divine visitation. From there it turns to direct lament. The day of YHWH is near, and its arrival is described with collapsing hands, melting hearts, labor-pain anguish, and faces inflamed with dread. Cosmic language intensifies the scene further: stars darken, the sun is blackened, the moon withholds light, and the created order becomes unstable under wrath. Human pride and violence are specifically targeted. The arrogant are humbled, the ruthless brought low, and mortal life becomes rarer than precious gold. Judgment is not random devastation but a moral reckoning against wickedness and insolence. The latter half then narrows again to Babylon in particular. Peoples scatter like hunted animals, slaughter and plunder overtake the city, and the Medes are named as the historical agents who cannot be bought off by silver or gold. Their cruelty is described without softening, and Babylon's splendor is finally likened to Sodom and Gomorrah: once the beauty of kingdoms and the glory of Chaldean pride, it becomes an uninhabited ruin inhabited only by desert creatures and eerie wastes. It thus binds oracle-heading, divine mustering, day-of-YHWH terror, cosmic de-creation, the humbling of human pride, Medo-Persian instrumentality, and Babylon's desolation into a single judgment vision. It is theologically crucial because Babylon is treated not merely as a later empire but as a concentrated figure of human exaltation brought down when YHWH arises to judge the earth.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. It is the opening burden concerning Babylon, but it is cast in the larger idiom of the day of YHWH, where historical overthrow and cosmic judgment are deliberately fused. Six linked movements shape it: the superscription and divine summons to the mustered host (vv. 1-5), the cry that the day of YHWH is near and will break human courage (vv. 6-8), the description of that day as cosmic and moral devastation (vv. 9-13), the scattering and slaughter of peoples caught in the collapse (vv. 14-16), the naming of the Medes as YHWH's instrument (vv. 17-18), and the final portrait of Babylon as a ruined haunt like Sodom and Gomorrah (vv. 19-22). Verse 1 should retain the full weight of מַשָּׂא as an oracular burden or pronouncement, and Babylon should remain explicit at the outset because the following material is anchored in a named target even while its rhetoric widens. Verses 2-5 are military in imagery but theological in control. The commands to lift a banner, raise a voice, and wave a hand should be translated crisply, while verse 3 must preserve the striking designation of YHWH's consecrated ones and mighty ones. The point is not that they are morally holy in themselves, but that they are set apart for YHWH's wrathful purpose. Verse 4's mountain tumult and gathered kingdoms should remain audible as the soundscape of an international host under YHWH of hosts' inspection. Verses 6-8 move into lament and panic. The comparison in verse 6 should preserve the wordplay between destruction and the name Shaddai, and the labor-pain imagery of verse 8 must remain severe and embodied. Verses 9-13 describe the day of YHWH in language of de-creation and judicial reckoning. Verse 10 should keep the cosmic darkening concrete rather than reducing it to mood. Verse 11 is especially important because it states the moral target of the chapter plainly: the world for its evil, the wicked for their iniquity, the pride of the presumptuous, and the arrogance of the ruthless. Verse 12 should preserve the shocking rarity of human life in the wake of judgment. Verses 14-16 portray collapse within Babylon's sphere, where foreign peoples scatter back to their own lands and violence overtakes the vulnerable. In verse 16 the imported OSHB stream preserves both the ketiv תשגלנה and the qere תִּשָּׁכַבְנָה; the running line here follows the readable qere sense in English, while the existence of the Masoretic variation is noted without reproducing a separate apparatus. Verses 17-18 name the Medes and stress their indifference to payment, so silver and gold should remain explicit as failed means of averting judgment. Their violence against young men, children, and the fruit of the womb should not be softened. Verses 19-22 close with desolation imagery that should be translated with both grandeur and horror intact: Babylon had been the beauty of kingdoms and the glory of Chaldean pride, yet it becomes like Sodom and Gomorrah, never inhabited, avoided by Arab tent-dwellers and shepherds, and filled instead with desert creatures, ostrich-like birds, goat-demons, jackals, and howling sounds in emptied palaces. The final line should keep the note of imminence: her time is near to come, and her days will not be prolonged. Taken together, it should be translated as a vision in which Babylon's fall becomes a revelation of YHWH's day against pride, violence, and false splendor. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

מַשָּׂ֖א בָּבֶ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן אָמֽוֹץ

The burden of Babylon, which Isaiah the son of Amoz did see.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he sees/beholds'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מַשָּׂ֖אburden ofN c · מַשָּׂא (H4853)Construct chain (genitival)מַשָּׂא (H4853) 'burden of'.
בָּבֶ֑לBabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
חָזָ֔הhe sees/beholdsQal perf 3ms · חָזָה (H2372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָזָה (H2372) 'he sees/beholds'.
יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּIsaiahN · יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470) 'Isaiah'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אָמֽוֹץAmozN · אָמוֹץ (H531)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמוֹץ (H531) 'Amoz'.
2

עַ֤ל הַר נִשְׁפֶּה֙ שְֽׂאוּ נֵ֔ס הָרִ֥ימוּ ק֖וֹל לָהֶ֑ם הָנִ֣יפוּ יָ֔ד וְיָבֹ֖אוּ פִּתְחֵ֥י נְדִיבִֽים

Lift you up a banner upon the high mountain, exalt the voice to them, shake the hand, that they may go into the gates of the nobles.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'take up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
עַ֤לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַרMountN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'Mount'.
נִשְׁפֶּה֙highN · שָׁפָה (H8192)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁפָה (H8192) 'high'.
שְֽׂאוּtake upQal impv 2mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָשָׂא (H5375) 'take up'.
נֵ֔סa poleN c · נֵס (H5251)Construct chain (genitival)נֵס (H5251) 'a pole'.
הָרִ֥ימוּthey offeredHiphil impv 2mp · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרוּם (H7311) 'they offered'.
ק֖וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
לָהֶ֑םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
הָנִ֣יפוּand he shall waveHiphil impv 2mp · נוּף (H5130)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנוּף (H5130) 'and he shall wave'.
יָ֔דthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
וְיָבֹ֖אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal jussive 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
פִּתְחֵ֥יthe entrance ofN c · פֶּתַח (H6607)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּתַח (H6607) 'the entrance of'.
נְדִיבִֽיםwilling ofAdj · נָדִיב (H5081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָדִיב (H5081) 'willing of'.
3

אֲנִ֥י צִוֵּ֖יתִי לִמְקֻדָּשָׁ֑י גַּ֣ם קָרָ֤אתִי גִבּוֹרַי֙ לְאַפִּ֔י עַלִּיזֵ֖י גַּאֲוָתִֽי

I have commanded my sanctified ones, I have also called my mighty ones for mine anger, them that rejoice in my highness.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I commanded'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֲנִ֥יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
צִוֵּ֖יתִיI commandedPiel perf 1cs · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) 'I commanded'.
לִמְקֻדָּשָׁ֑יand you shall consecrateprep + Pual ptc mp + sfx 1cs · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָדַשׁ (H6942) 'and you shall consecrate'.
גַּ֣םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
קָרָ֤אתִיI have calledQal perf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'I have called'.
גִבּוֹרַי֙the mighty men ofAdj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'the mighty men of'.
לְאַפִּ֔יthe anger ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
עַלִּיזֵ֖יjoyousAdj · עַלִּיז (H5947)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַלִּיז (H5947) 'joyous'.
גַּאֲוָתִֽיand in his majestyN c · גַּאֲוָה (H1346)Construct chain (genitival)גַּאֲוָה (H1346) 'and in his majesty'.
4

ק֥וֹל הָמ֛וֹן בֶּֽהָרִ֖ים דְּמ֣וּת עַם רָ֑ב ק֠וֹל שְׁא֞וֹן מַמְלְכ֤וֹת גּוֹיִם֙ נֶֽאֱסָפִ֔ים יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת מְפַקֵּ֖ד צְבָ֥א מִלְחָמָֽה

The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together: YHWH of hosts mustereth the host of the battle.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'their mustered (men)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ק֥וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
הָמ֛וֹןmultitude ofN c · הָמוֹן (H1995)Construct chain (genitival)הָמוֹן (H1995) 'multitude of'.
בֶּֽהָרִ֖יםthe mountainprep + art + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountain'.
דְּמ֣וּתaccording to our likenessN c · דְּמוּת (H1823)Construct chain (genitival)דְּמוּת (H1823) 'according to our likeness'.
עַםa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
רָ֑בgreatAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'great'.
ק֠וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
שְׁא֞וֹןhorribleN c · שָׁאוֹן (H7588)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁאוֹן (H7588) 'horrible'.
מַמְלְכ֤וֹתthe kingdoms ofN c · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Construct chain (genitival)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'the kingdoms of'.
גּוֹיִם֙nationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
נֶֽאֱסָפִ֔יםand he gatheredN · אָסַף (H622)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָסַף (H622) 'and he gathered'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֔וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
מְפַקֵּ֖דtheir mustered (men)Piel ptc ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
צְבָ֥אto warN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'to war'.
מִלְחָמָֽהwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
5

בָּאִ֛ים מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק מִקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם יְהוָה֙ וּכְלֵ֣י זַעְמ֔וֹ לְחַבֵּ֖ל כָּל הָאָֽרֶץ

They come from a far country, from the end of heaven, YHWH, and the weapons of his indignation, to destroy the whole land.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'are entering'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
בָּאִ֛יםare enteringQal ptc mp · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'are entering'.
מֵאֶ֥רֶץfrom the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'from the land of'.
מֶרְחָ֖ק(a-N c · מֶרְחָק (H4801)Construct chain (genitival)מֶרְחָק (H4801) '(a-'.
מִקְצֵ֣הfrom the end ofprep + N com c sg constr · קָצֶה (H7097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָצֶה (H7097) 'from the end of'.
הַשָּׁמָ֑יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּכְלֵ֣יand articles ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · כְּלִי (H3627)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּלִי (H3627) 'and articles of'.
זַעְמ֔וֹangryN c · זַעַם (H2195)Construct chain (genitival)זַעַם (H2195) 'angry'.
לְחַבֵּ֖לhe shall take in pledgeprep + Piel inf constr · חָבַל (H2254)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָבַל (H2254) 'he shall take in pledge'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
6

הֵילִ֕ילוּ כִּ֥י קָר֖וֹב י֣וֹם יְהוָ֑ה כְּשֹׁ֖ד מִשַּׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא

Howl you; for the day of YHWH at hand; it shall come as a destruction from the Almighty.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is '(make to) howl'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֵילִ֕ילוּ(make to) howlHiphil impv 2mp · יָלַל (H3213)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָלַל (H3213) '(make to) howl'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
קָר֖וֹבnearAdj · קָרוֹב (H7138)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרוֹב (H7138) 'near'.
י֣וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כְּשֹׁ֖דas / likeprep + N com m sg abs · שֹׁד (H7701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁד (H7701) 'as / like'.
מִשַּׁדַּ֥יShaddaiprep + N proper · שַׁדַּי (H7706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁדַּי (H7706) 'Shaddai'.
יָבֽוֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
7

עַל כֵּ֖ן כָּל יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס

Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man's heart shall melt:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'idle'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֖ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יָדַ֣יִםhandsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'hands'.
תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָהidleQal impf 3fp · רָפָה (H7503)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָפָה (H7503) 'idle'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
לְבַ֥בthe heart ofN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'the heart of'.
אֱנ֖וֹשׁfrom mankindN c · אֱנוֹשׁ (H582)Construct chain (genitival)אֱנוֹשׁ (H582) 'from mankind'.
יִמָּסmeltN · מָסַס (H4549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָסַס (H4549) 'melt'.
8

וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּ צִירִ֤ים וַֽחֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּן כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּן אִ֤ישׁ אֶל רֵעֵ֨הוּ֙ יִתְמָ֔הוּ פְּנֵ֥י לְהָבִ֖ים פְּנֵיהֶֽם

And they shall be afraid: pangs and sorrows shall take hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman that travaileth: they shall be amazed one at another; their faces flames.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they took hold'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּwere dismayedconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · בָּהַל (H926)Particle or relational elementבָּהַל (H926) 'were dismayed'.
צִירִ֤יםambassadorN c · צִיר (H6735)Construct chain (genitival)צִיר (H6735) 'ambassador'.
וַֽחֲבָלִים֙the region ofconj וְ + N com m pl abs · חֶבֶל (H2256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶבֶל (H2256) 'the region of'.
יֹֽאחֵז֔וּןand they took holdQal impf 3mp + Sn · אָחַז (H270)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָחַז (H270) 'and they took hold'.
כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖הand he fatheredprep + art + Qal ptc fs · יָלַד (H3205)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
יְחִיל֑וּןand be in anguishQal impf 3mp + Sn · חוּל (H2342)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחוּל (H2342) 'and be in anguish'.
אִ֤ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
רֵעֵ֨הוּ֙his neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
יִתְמָ֔הוּand they marveledQal impf 3mp · תָּמַהּ (H8539)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּמַהּ (H8539) 'and they marveled'.
פְּנֵ֥יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
לְהָבִ֖יםthe bladeN c · לַהַב (H3851)Construct chain (genitival)לַהַב (H3851) 'the blade'.
פְּנֵיהֶֽםtheir facesN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'their faces'.
9

הִנֵּ֤ה יוֹם יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔א אַכְזָרִ֥י וְעֶבְרָ֖ה וַחֲר֣וֹן אָ֑ף לָשׂ֤וּם הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְחַטָּאֶ֖יהָ יַשְׁמִ֥יד מִמֶּֽנָּה

Behold, the day of YHWH cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
יוֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בָּ֔אcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
אַכְזָרִ֥יcruelAdj · אַכְזָרִי (H394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַכְזָרִי (H394) 'cruel'.
וְעֶבְרָ֖הand their wrathconj וְ + N com f sg abs · עֶבְרָה (H5678)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבְרָה (H5678) 'and their wrath'.
וַחֲר֣וֹןthe burning ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · חָרוֹן (H2740)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָרוֹן (H2740) 'the burning of'.
אָ֑ףthe anger ofN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
לָשׂ֤וּםto putprep + Qal inf constr · שִׂים (H7760)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשִׂים (H7760) 'to put'.
הָאָ֨רֶץ֙the landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
לְשַׁמָּ֔הa horrorprep + N com f sg abs · שַׁמָּה (H8047)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁמָּה (H8047) 'a horror'.
וְחַטָּאֶ֖יהָsinfulconj וְ + Adj + sfx 3fs · חַטָּא (H2400)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַטָּא (H2400) 'sinful'.
יַשְׁמִ֥ידhe will destroyHiphil impf 3ms · שָׁמַד (H8045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַד (H8045) 'he will destroy'.
מִמֶּֽנָּהof one piece with itprep + sfx 3fs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of one piece with it'.
10

כִּֽי כוֹכְבֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ וּכְסִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א יָהֵ֖לּוּ אוֹרָ֑ם חָשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ בְּצֵאת֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖חַ לֹֽא יַגִּ֥יהַ אוֹרֽוֹ

For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כוֹכְבֵ֤יthe starsN c · כּוֹכָב (H3556)Construct chain (genitival)כּוֹכָב (H3556) 'the stars'.
הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙the heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
וּכְסִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔םandconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · כְּסִיל (H3685)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3685) 'and'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָהֵ֖לּוּand they praisedHiphil impf 3mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
אוֹרָ֑םlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
חָשַׁ֤ךְand...was darkenedQal perf 3ms · חָשַׁךְ (H2821)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָשַׁךְ (H2821) 'and...was darkened'.
הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙the sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
בְּצֵאת֔וֹwhen he went outprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָצָא (H3318) 'when he went out'.
וְיָרֵ֖חַand moonconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יָרֵחַ (H3394)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵחַ (H3394) 'and moon'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַגִּ֥יהַ(en-) lightenHiphil impf 3ms · נָגַהּ (H5050)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַהּ (H5050) '(en-) lighten'.
אוֹרֽוֹlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
11

וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עַל תֵּבֵל֙ רָעָ֔ה וְעַל רְשָׁעִ֖ים עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן זֵדִ֔ים וְגַאֲוַ֥ת עָרִיצִ֖ים אַשְׁפִּֽיל

And I will punish the world for evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'their mustered (men)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וּפָקַדְתִּ֤יtheir mustered (men)conj וְ + Qal perf 1cs · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
תֵּבֵל֙habitable partN c · תֵּבֵל (H8398)Construct chain (genitival)תֵּבֵל (H8398) 'habitable part'.
רָעָ֔הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
רְשָׁעִ֖יםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
עֲוֺנָ֑םtheir iniquityN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'their iniquity'.
וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙and I will removeconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · שָׁבַת (H7673)Particle or relational elementשָׁבַת (H7673) 'and I will remove'.
גְּא֣וֹןthe pride ofN c · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Construct chain (genitival)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'the pride of'.
זֵדִ֔יםpresumptuousAdj · זֵד (H2086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֵד (H2086) 'presumptuous'.
וְגַאֲוַ֥תand in his majestyconj וְ + N com f sg constr · גַּאֲוָה (H1346)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּאֲוָה (H1346) 'and in his majesty'.
עָרִיצִ֖יםmightyAdj · עָרִיץ (H6184)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָרִיץ (H6184) 'mighty'.
אַשְׁפִּֽילabaseHiphil impf 1cs · שָׁפֵל (H8213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפֵל (H8213) 'abase'.
12

אוֹקִ֥יר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִפָּ֑ז וְאָדָ֖ם מִכֶּ֥תֶם אוֹפִֽיר

I will make a man more precious than fine gold; even a man than the golden wedge of Ophir.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אוֹקִ֥ירandHiphil impf 1cs · יָקַר (H3365)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָקַר (H3365) 'and'.
אֱנ֖וֹשׁfrom mankindN c · אֱנוֹשׁ (H582)Construct chain (genitival)אֱנוֹשׁ (H582) 'from mankind'.
מִפָּ֑זfromprep + N com m sg abs · פָּז (H6337)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּז (H6337) 'from'.
וְאָדָ֖םand a humanconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'and a human'.
מִכֶּ֥תֶםfromprep + N com m sg constr · כֶּתֶם (H3800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּתֶם (H3800) 'from'.
אוֹפִֽירOphirN · אוֹפִיר (H211)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹפִיר (H211) 'Ophir'.
13

עַל כֵּן֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם אַרְגִּ֔יז וְתִרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ מִמְּקוֹמָ֑הּ בְּעֶבְרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּבְי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ

Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of her place, in the wrath of YHWH of hosts, and in the day of his fierce anger.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and shall tremble'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּן֙soadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
שָׁמַ֣יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
אַרְגִּ֔יזand shall trembleHiphil impf 1cs · רָגַז (H7264)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָגַז (H7264) 'and shall tremble'.
וְתִרְעַ֥שׁshookconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs · רָעַשׁ (H7493)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָעַשׁ (H7493) 'shook'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
מִמְּקוֹמָ֑הּthe placeprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'the place'.
בְּעֶבְרַת֙and their wrathprep + N com f sg constr · עֶבְרָה (H5678)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבְרָה (H5678) 'and their wrath'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֔וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
וּבְי֖וֹםand on the dayconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'and on the day'.
חֲר֥וֹןthe burning ofN c · חָרוֹן (H2740)Construct chain (genitival)חָרוֹן (H2740) 'the burning of'.
אַפּֽוֹhis angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'his anger'.
14

וְהָיָה֙ כִּצְבִ֣י מֻדָּ֔ח וּכְצֹ֖אן וְאֵ֣ין מְקַבֵּ֑ץ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל אַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֽוּסוּ

And it shall be as the chased roe, and as a sheep that no man taketh up: they shall every man turn to his own people, and flee every one into his own land.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'to thrust you away'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהָיָה֙and it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
כִּצְבִ֣יas the gazelleprep + N com c sg abs · צְבִי (H6643)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְבִי (H6643) 'as the gazelle'.
מֻדָּ֔חto thrust you awayHophal ptc ms · נָדַח (H5080)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָדַח (H5080) 'to thrust you away'.
וּכְצֹ֖אןthe flockconj וְ + prep + N com c sg abs · צֹאן (H6629)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֹאן (H6629) 'the flock'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מְקַבֵּ֑ץand he gatheredPiel ptc ms · קָבַץ (H6908)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָבַץ (H6908) 'and he gathered'.
אִ֤ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עַמּוֹ֙his peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'his people'.
יִפְנ֔וּthey will turnQal impf 3mp · פָּנָה (H6437)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּנָה (H6437) 'they will turn'.
וְאִ֥ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אַרְצ֖וֹhis landN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'his land'.
יָנֽוּסוּthey will fleeQal impf 3mp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנוּס (H5127) 'they will flee'.
15

כָּל הַנִּמְצָ֖א יִדָּקֵ֑ר וְכָל הַנִּסְפֶּ֖ה יִפּ֥וֹל בֶּחָֽרֶב

Every one that is found shall be thrust through; and every one that is joined shall fall by the sword.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'found'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַנִּמְצָ֖אfoundart + Niphal ptc ms · מָצָא (H4672)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָצָא (H4672) 'found'.
יִדָּקֵ֑רand he pierced throughN · דָּקַר (H1856)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּקַר (H1856) 'and he pierced through'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
הַנִּסְפֶּ֖הyou be swept awayart + Niphal ptc ms · סָפָה (H5595)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָפָה (H5595) 'you be swept away'.
יִפּ֥וֹלand he fellQal impf 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
בֶּחָֽרֶבwith the swordprep + art + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'with the sword'.
16

וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֥ם יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם יִשַּׁ֨סּוּ֙ בָּֽתֵּיהֶ֔ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם תשגלנה תִּשָּׁכַֽבְנָה

Their children also shall be dashed to pieces before their eyes; their houses shall be spoiled, and their wives ravished.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'dash'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֥םfromconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · עוֹלֵל (H5768)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלֵל (H5768) 'from'.
יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּdashPual impf 3mp · רָטַשׁ (H7376)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָטַשׁ (H7376) 'dash'.
לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑םbefore their eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 3mp · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'before their eyes'.
יִשַּׁ֨סּוּ֙and they plunderedN · שָׁסַס (H8155)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁסַס (H8155) 'and they plundered'.
בָּֽתֵּיהֶ֔םtheir householdsN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'their households'.
וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖םand their wivesconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 3mp · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'and their wives'.
תשגלנהlie withN · שָׁגַל (H7693)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁגַל (H7693) 'lie with'.
תִּשָּׁכַֽבְנָהand he layN · שָׁכַב (H7901)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁכַב (H7901) 'and he lay'.
17

הִנְנִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר כֶּ֨סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ וְזָהָ֖ב לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ בֽוֹ

Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, which shall not regard silver; and gold, they shall not delight in it.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'awake'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
הִנְנִ֛יbehold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
מֵעִ֥ירawakeHiphil ptc ms · עוּר (H5782)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֖םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מָדָ֑יand MadaiN · מָדַי (H4074)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָדַי (H4074) 'and Madai'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
כֶּ֨סֶף֙silverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּare countedQal impf 3mp · חָשַׁב (H2803)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָשַׁב (H2803) 'are counted'.
וְזָהָ֖בand goldconj וְ + N com m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָהָב (H2091) 'and gold'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַחְפְּצוּhe delightedQal impf 3mp · חָפֵץ (H2654)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָפֵץ (H2654) 'he delighted'.
בֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
18

וּקְשָׁת֖וֹת נְעָרִ֣ים תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָה וּפְרִי בֶ֨טֶן֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ עַל בָּנִ֖ים לֹֽא תָח֥וּס עֵינָֽם

bows also shall dash the young men to pieces; and they shall have no pity on the fruit of the womb; their eye shall not spare children.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'dash'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וּקְשָׁת֖וֹתa bowconj וְ + N com f pl abs · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'a bow'.
נְעָרִ֣יםthe boyN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
תְּרַטַּ֑שְׁנָהdashPiel impf 3fp · רָטַשׁ (H7376)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָטַשׁ (H7376) 'dash'.
וּפְרִיand the fruit ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · פְּרִי (H6529)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּרִי (H6529) 'and the fruit of'.
בֶ֨טֶן֙of the wombN c · בֶּטֶן (H990)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'of the womb'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יְרַחֵ֔מוּand have compassion on youPiel impf 3mp · רָחַם (H7355)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָחַם (H7355) 'and have compassion on you'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'sons'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תָח֥וּסshall pityQal impf 3fs · חוּס (H2347)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחוּס (H2347) 'shall pity'.
עֵינָֽםin the eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
19

וְהָיְתָ֤ה בָבֶל֙ צְבִ֣י מַמְלָכ֔וֹת תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּא֣וֹן כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת סְדֹ֖ם וְאֶת עֲמֹרָֽה

And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees' excellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah.

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְהָיְתָ֤הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
בָבֶל֙BabelN · בָּבֶל (H894)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּבֶל (H894) 'Babel'.
צְבִ֣יand gazelleN c · צְבִי (H6643)Construct chain (genitival)צְבִי (H6643) 'and gazelle'.
מַמְלָכ֔וֹתthe kingdoms ofN c · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Construct chain (genitival)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'the kingdoms of'.
תִּפְאֶ֖רֶתand for beautyN c · תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597)Construct chain (genitival)תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597) 'and for beauty'.
גְּא֣וֹןthe pride ofN c · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Construct chain (genitival)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'the pride of'.
כַּשְׂדִּ֑יםof the ChaldeansN · כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778) 'of the Chaldeans'.
כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֣תlike the overthrow ofprep + N com f sg constr · מַהְפֵּכָה (H4114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַהְפֵּכָה (H4114) 'like the overthrow of'.
אֱלֹהִ֔יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
סְדֹ֖םSodomN · סְדֹם (H5467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סְדֹם (H5467) 'Sodom'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
עֲמֹרָֽהGomorrahN · עֲמֹרָה (H6017)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲמֹרָה (H6017) 'Gomorrah'.
20

לֹֽא תֵשֵׁ֣ב לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכֹּ֖ן עַד דּ֣וֹר וָד֑וֹר וְלֹֽא יַהֵ֥ל שָׁם֙ עֲרָבִ֔י וְרֹעִ֖ים לֹא יַרְבִּ֥צוּ שָֽׁם

It shall never be inhabited, neither shall it be dwelt in from generation to generation: neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there; neither shall the shepherds make their fold there.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'she shall remain'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תֵשֵׁ֣בshe shall remainQal impf 3fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'she shall remain'.
לָנֶ֔צַחalwayprep + N com m sg abs · נֶצַח (H5331)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תִשְׁכֹּ֖ןto make dwellQal impf 3fs · שָׁכַן (H7931)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to make dwell'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
דּ֣וֹרgenerationN c · דּוֹר (H1755)Construct chain (genitival)דּוֹר (H1755) 'generation'.
וָד֑וֹרand generationconj וְ + N com m sg abs · דּוֹר (H1755)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דּוֹר (H1755) 'and generation'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יַהֵ֥לand pitched his tentPiel impf 3ms · אָהַל (H167)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָהַל (H167) 'and pitched his tent'.
שָׁם֙thereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
עֲרָבִ֔יArabianN · עֲרָבִי (H6163)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲרָבִי (H6163) 'Arabian'.
וְרֹעִ֖יםshepherdingconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · רָעָה (H7462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַרְבִּ֥צוּcrouchingHiphil impf 3mp · רָבַץ (H7257)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבַץ (H7257) 'crouching'.
שָֽׁםthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
21

וְרָבְצוּ שָׁ֣ם צִיִּ֔ים וּמָלְא֥וּ בָתֵּיהֶ֖ם אֹחִ֑ים וְשָׁ֤כְנוּ שָׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֔ה וּשְׂעִירִ֖ים יְרַקְּדוּ שָֽׁם

But wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; and their houses shall be full of doleful creatures; and owls shall dwell there, and satyrs shall dance there.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'dance'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְרָבְצוּcrouchingconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · רָבַץ (H7257)Particle or relational elementרָבַץ (H7257) 'crouching'.
שָׁ֣םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
צִיִּ֔יםwild beast of the desertN c · צִיִּי (H6728)Construct chain (genitival)צִיִּי (H6728) 'wild beast of the desert'.
וּמָלְא֥וּand fillconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · מָלֵא (H4390)Particle or relational elementמָלֵא (H4390) 'and fill'.
בָתֵּיהֶ֖םtheir householdsN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'their households'.
אֹחִ֑יםdoleful creatureN c · אֹחַ (H255)Construct chain (genitival)אֹחַ (H255) 'doleful creature'.
וְשָׁ֤כְנוּto make dwellconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · שָׁכַן (H7931)Particle or relational elementשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to make dwell'.
שָׁם֙thereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
בְּנ֣וֹתdaughtersN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughters'.
יַֽעֲנָ֔הthe ostrichN c · יַעֲנָה (H3284)Construct chain (genitival)יַעֲנָה (H3284) 'the ostrich'.
וּשְׂעִירִ֖יםa hairy one ofconj וְ + N com m pl abs · שָׂעִיר (H8163)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂעִיר (H8163) 'a hairy one of'.
יְרַקְּדוּdancePiel impf 3mp · רָקַד (H7540)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָקַד (H7540) 'dance'.
שָֽׁםthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
22

וְעָנָ֤ה אִיִּים֙ בְּאַלְמנוֹתָ֔יו וְתַנִּ֖ים בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי עֹ֑נֶג וְקָר֤וֹב לָבוֹא֙ עִתָּ֔הּ וְיָמֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א יִמָּשֵֽׁכוּ

And the wild beasts of the islands shall cry in their desolate houses, and dragons in pleasant palaces: and her time near to come, and her days shall not be prolonged.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to enter'. Closes the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְעָנָ֤הand answeredconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Particle or relational elementעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
אִיִּים֙wild beast of the islandsN c · אִי (H338)Construct chain (genitival)אִי (H338) 'wild beast of the islands'.
בְּאַלְמנוֹתָ֔יוa widowprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 3ms · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'a widow'.
וְתַנִּ֖יםserpentsconj וְ + N com m pl abs · תַּנִּין (H8577)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּנִּין (H8577) 'serpents'.
בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵיpalaceprep + N com m pl constr · הֵיכָל (H1964)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵיכָל (H1964) 'palace'.
עֹ֑נֶגdelightN c · עֹנֶג (H6027)Construct chain (genitival)עֹנֶג (H6027) 'delight'.
וְקָר֤וֹבnearconj וְ + Adj · קָרוֹב (H7138)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרוֹב (H7138) 'near'.
לָבוֹא֙to enterprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'to enter'.
עִתָּ֔הּat the timeN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
וְיָמֶ֖יהָtodayconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3fs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִמָּשֵֽׁכוּhas pulledN · מָשַׁךְ (H4900)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָשַׁךְ (H4900) 'has pulled'.