1
סְבָבֻ֤נִי בְכַ֨חַשׁ֙ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וּבְמִרְמָ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וִֽיהוּדָ֗ה עֹ֥ד רָד֙ עִם אֵ֔ל וְעִם קְדוֹשִׁ֖ים נֶאֱמָֽן
Ephraim compasseth me about with lies, and the house of Israel with deceit: but Judah yet ruleth with God, and is faithful with the saints.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they marched around'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
סְבָבֻ֤נִיand they marched aroundQal perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָבַב (H5437) 'and they marched around'.
בְכַ֨חַשׁ֙inprep + N com m sg abs · כַּחַשׁ (H3585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּחַשׁ (H3585) 'in'.
אֶפְרַ֔יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
וּבְמִרְמָ֖הwith deceitconj וְ + prep + N com f sg abs · מִרְמָה (H4820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִרְמָה (H4820) 'with deceit'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וִֽיהוּדָ֗הand Judahconj וְ + N proper · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'and Judah'.
עֹ֥דstill, elseart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'still, else'.
רָד֙you grow restlessQal ptc ms · רוּד (H7300)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּד (H7300) 'you grow restless'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אֵ֔לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
וְעִםand withconj וְ + prep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'and with'.
קְדוֹשִׁ֖יםholyAdj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy'.
נֶאֱמָֽןfaithfulN · אָמַן (H539)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
2
אֶפְרַ֜יִם רֹעֶ֥ה ר֨וּחַ֙ וְרֹדֵ֣ף קָדִ֔ים כָּל הַיּ֕וֹם כָּזָ֥ב וָשֹׁ֖ד יַרְבֶּ֑ה וּבְרִית֙ עִם אַשּׁ֣וּר יִכְרֹ֔תוּ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לְמִצְרַ֥יִם יוּבָֽל
Ephraim feedeth on wind, and followeth after the east wind: he daily increaseth lies and desolation; and they do make a covenant with the Assyrians, and oil is carried into Egypt.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shepherding'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
אֶפְרַ֜יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
רֹעֶ֥הshepherdingQal ptc ms · רָעָה (H7462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
ר֨וּחַ֙a spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
וְרֹדֵ֣ףand he will pursueconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · רָדַף (H7291)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָדַף (H7291) 'and he will pursue'.
קָדִ֔יםeastN c · קָדִים (H6921)Construct chain (genitival)קָדִים (H6921) 'east'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַיּ֕וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
כָּזָ֥בdeceitfulN c · כָּזָב (H3577)Construct chain (genitival)כָּזָב (H3577) 'deceitful'.
וָשֹׁ֖דdesolationconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֹׁד (H7701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁד (H7701) 'desolation'.
יַרְבֶּ֑הhe shall multiplyHiphil impf 3ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבָה (H7235) 'he shall multiply'.
וּבְרִית֙the covenant ofconj וְ + N com f sg abs · בְּרִית (H1285)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּרִית (H1285) 'the covenant of'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אַשּׁ֣וּרAsshurN · אַשּׁוּר (H804)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַשּׁוּר (H804) 'Asshur'.
יִכְרֹ֔תוּshall be cut offQal impf 3mp · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּרַת (H3772) 'shall be cut off'.
וְשֶׁ֖מֶןand oilconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'and oil'.
לְמִצְרַ֥יִםto Egyptprep + N proper · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'to Egypt'.
יוּבָֽלbringHophal impf 3ms · יָבַל (H2986)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבַל (H2986) 'bring'.
3
וְרִ֥יב לַֽיהוָ֖ה עִם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְלִפְקֹ֤ד עַֽל יַעֲקֹב֙ כִּדְרָכָ֔יו כְּמַעֲלָלָ֖יו יָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ
YHWH has also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'their mustered (men)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְרִ֥יבdisputeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · רִיב (H7379)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
לַֽיהוָ֖הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
יְהוּדָ֑הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
וְלִפְקֹ֤דtheir mustered (men)conj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · פָּקַד (H6485)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementפָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יַעֲקֹב֙JacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
כִּדְרָכָ֔יוon the wayprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
כְּמַעֲלָלָ֖יוyour deedsprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · מַעֲלָל (H4611)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲלָל (H4611) 'your deeds'.
יָשִׁ֥יבhe shall refundHiphil impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'he shall refund'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
4
בַּבֶּ֖טֶן עָקַ֣ב אֶת אָחִ֑יו וּבְאוֹנ֖וֹ שָׂרָ֥ה אֶת אֱלֹהִֽים
He took his brother by the heel in the womb, and by his strength he had power with God:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he supplanted me'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בַּבֶּ֖טֶןyour wombprep + art + N com f sg abs · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'your womb'.
עָקַ֣בand he supplanted meQal perf 3ms · עָקַב (H6117)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָקַב (H6117) 'and he supplanted me'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אָחִ֑יוhis brothersN c · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251) 'his brothers'.
וּבְאוֹנ֖וֹhis strengthconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אוֹן (H202)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹן (H202) 'his strength'.
שָׂרָ֥הyou have strivenQal perf 3ms · שָׂרָה (H8280)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂרָה (H8280) 'you have striven'.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
אֱלֹהִֽיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
5
וָיָּ֤שַׂר אֶל מַלְאָךְ֙ וַיֻּכָ֔ל בָּכָ֖ה וַיִּתְחַנֶּן ל֑וֹ בֵּֽית אֵל֙ יִמְצָאֶ֔נּוּ וְשָׁ֖ם יְדַבֵּ֥ר עִמָּֽנוּ
Yea, he had power over the angel, and prevailed: he wept, and made supplication to him: he found him Bethel, and there he spake with us;
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וָיָּ֤שַׂרandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שׂוּר (H7786)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׂוּר (H7786) 'and'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
מַלְאָךְ֙the angel ofN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'the angel of'.
וַיֻּכָ֔לthey were ableconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָכֹל (H3201) 'they were able'.
בָּכָ֖הcryingQal perf 3ms · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּכָה (H1058) 'crying'.
וַיִּתְחַנֶּןpity meconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · חָנַן (H2603)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָנַן (H2603) 'pity me'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
בֵּֽיתBethelN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel'.
אֵל֙-elN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) '-el'.
יִמְצָאֶ֔נּוּI have foundQal impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
וְשָׁ֖םand thereconj וְ + art · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'and there'.
יְדַבֵּ֥רspeaksPiel impf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speaks'.
עִמָּֽנוּwith usprep + sfx 1cp · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with us'.
6
וַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י הַצְּבָא֑וֹת יְהוָ֖ה זִכְרֽוֹ
Even YHWH God of hosts; YHWH his memorial.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַֽיהוָ֖הand YHWHconj וְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'and YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
הַצְּבָא֑וֹתof troopsart + N com c pl abs · צָבָא (H6635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
זִכְרֽוֹthe remembrance ofN c · זֵכֶר (H2143)Construct chain (genitival)זֵכֶר (H2143) 'the remembrance of'.
7
וְאַתָּ֖ה בֵּאלֹהֶ֣יךָ תָשׁ֑וּב חֶ֤סֶד וּמִשְׁפָּט֙ שְׁמֹ֔ר וְקַוֵּ֥ה אֶל אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ תָּמִֽיד
Therefore turn you to your God: keep mercy and judgment, and wait on your God continually.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall return'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְאַתָּ֖הand youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
בֵּאלֹהֶ֣יךָGodprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
תָשׁ֑וּבyou shall returnQal impf 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'you shall return'.
חֶ֤סֶדkindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
וּמִשְׁפָּט֙and an ordinance,conj וְ + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'and an ordinance,'.
שְׁמֹ֔רkeepQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keep'.
וְקַוֵּ֥הlet be gatheredconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms · קָוָה (H6960)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
תָּמִֽידcontinuallyN c · תָּמִיד (H8548)Construct chain (genitival)תָּמִיד (H8548) 'continually'.
8
כְּנַ֗עַן בְּיָד֛וֹ מֹאזְנֵ֥י מִרְמָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אָהֵֽב
a merchant, the balances of deceit in his hand: he loveth to oppress.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'you shall oppress'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
כְּנַ֗עַןCanaanN · כְּנַעַן (H3667)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּנַעַן (H3667) 'Canaan'.
בְּיָד֛וֹin his handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'in his hand'.
מֹאזְנֵ֥יbalances ofN c · מֹאזְנַיִם (H3976)Construct chain (genitival)מֹאזְנַיִם (H3976) 'balances of'.
מִרְמָ֖הwith deceitN c · מִרְמָה (H4820)Construct chain (genitival)מִרְמָה (H4820) 'with deceit'.
לַעֲשֹׁ֥קyou shall oppressprep + Qal inf constr · עָשַׁק (H6231)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשַׁק (H6231) 'you shall oppress'.
אָהֵֽבlovedQal perf 3ms · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָהַב (H157) 'loved'.
9
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶפְרַ֔יִם אַ֣ךְ עָשַׁ֔רְתִּי מָצָ֥אתִי א֖וֹן לִ֑י כָּל יְגִיעַ֕י לֹ֥א יִמְצְאוּ לִ֖י עָוֺ֥ן אֲשֶׁר חֵֽטְא
And Ephraim said, Yet I am become rich, I have found me out substance: all my labours they shall find none iniquity in me that sin.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֶפְרַ֔יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
אַ֣ךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
עָשַׁ֔רְתִּיmade richQal perf 1cs · עָשַׁר (H6238)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשַׁר (H6238) 'made rich'.
מָצָ֥אתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
א֖וֹןhis strengthN c · אוֹן (H202)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H202) 'his strength'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יְגִיעַ֕יyour laborN c · יְגִיעַ (H3018)Construct chain (genitival)יְגִיעַ (H3018) 'your labor'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִמְצְאוּthey are findingQal impf 3mp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'they are finding'.
לִ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
עָוֺ֥ןthe iniquity ofN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
חֵֽטְאsinN c · חֵטְא (H2399)Construct chain (genitival)חֵטְא (H2399) 'sin'.
10
וְאָנֹכִ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עֹ֛ד אוֹשִֽׁיבְךָ֥ בָאֳהָלִ֖ים כִּימֵ֥י מוֹעֵֽד
And I YHWH your God from the land of Egypt will yet make you to dwell in tabernacles, as in the days of the solemn feast.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'the inhabitants of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְאָנֹכִ֛יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'and I'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
מֵאֶ֣רֶץfrom the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'from the land of'.
מִצְרָ֑יִםEgyptN · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'.
עֹ֛דstill, elseart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'still, else'.
אוֹשִֽׁיבְךָ֥the inhabitants ofHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 2ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
בָאֳהָלִ֖יםthe tent ofprep + N com m pl abs · אֹהֶל (H168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹהֶל (H168) 'the tent of'.
כִּימֵ֥יas the days ofprep + N com m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'as the days of'.
מוֹעֵֽדmeetingN c · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹעֵד (H4150) 'meeting'.
11
וְדִבַּ֨רְתִּי֙ עַל הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים וְאָנֹכִ֖י חָז֣וֹן הִרְבֵּ֑יתִי וּבְיַ֥ד הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים אֲדַמֶּֽה
I have also spoken by the prophets, and I have multiplied visions, and used similitudes, by the ministry of the prophets.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'greatly'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְדִבַּ֨רְתִּי֙and I will speakconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Particle or relational elementדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and I will speak'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַנְּבִיאִ֔יםa prophetart + N com m pl abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
וְאָנֹכִ֖יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'and I'.
חָז֣וֹןvisionN c · חָזוֹן (H2377)Construct chain (genitival)חָזוֹן (H2377) 'vision'.
הִרְבֵּ֑יתִיgreatlyHiphil perf 1cs · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
וּבְיַ֥דand by a handconj וְ + prep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'and by a hand'.
הַנְּבִיאִ֖יםa prophetart + N com m pl abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
אֲדַמֶּֽהI plannedPiel impf 1cs · דָּמָה (H1819)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּמָה (H1819) 'I planned'.
12
אִם גִּלְעָ֥ד אָ֨וֶן֙ אַךְ שָׁ֣וְא הָי֔וּ בַּגִּלְגָּ֖ל שְׁוָרִ֣ים זִבֵּ֑חוּ גַּ֤ם מִזְבְּחוֹתָם֙ כְּגַלִּ֔ים עַ֖ל תַּלְמֵ֥י שָׂדָֽי
iniquity Gilead? surely they are vanity: they sacrifice bullocks in Gilgal; yea, their altars as heaps in the furrows of the fields.
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
גִּלְעָ֥דGileadN · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְעָד (H1568) 'Gilead'.
אָ֨וֶן֙iniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
אַךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
שָׁ֣וְאfalsehoodN c · שָׁוְא (H7723)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁוְא (H7723) 'falsehood'.
הָי֔וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
בַּגִּלְגָּ֖לin Gilgalprep + art + N proper · גִּלְגָּל (H1537)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְגָּל (H1537) 'in Gilgal'.
שְׁוָרִ֣יםan oxN c · שׁוֹר (H7794)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוֹר (H7794) 'an ox'.
זִבֵּ֑חוּsacrificePiel perf 3cp · זָבַח (H2076)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָבַח (H2076) 'sacrifice'.
גַּ֤םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
מִזְבְּחוֹתָם֙the altarN c · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'the altar'.
כְּגַלִּ֔יםthe heapprep + N com m pl abs · גַּל (H1530)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּל (H1530) 'the heap'.
עַ֖לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
תַּלְמֵ֥יfurrowN c · תֶּלֶם (H8525)Construct chain (genitival)תֶּלֶם (H8525) 'furrow'.
שָׂדָֽיthe fieldN c · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field'.
13
וַיִּבְרַ֥ח יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׂדֵ֣ה אֲרָ֑ם וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּאִשָּׁ֔ה וּבְאִשָּׁ֖ה שָׁמָֽר
And Jacob fled into the country of Syria, and Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept .
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he fled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיִּבְרַ֥חand he fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּרַח (H1272)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּרַח (H1272) 'and he fled'.
יַעֲקֹ֖בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
שְׂדֵ֣הthe field ofN c · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field of'.
אֲרָ֑םAramN · אֲרָם (H758)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲרָם (H758) 'Aram'.
וַיַּעֲבֹ֤דand servedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַד (H5647) 'and served'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
בְּאִשָּׁ֔הthe womanprep + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the woman'.
וּבְאִשָּׁ֖הthe womanconj וְ + prep + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the woman'.
שָׁמָֽרkeepQal perf 3ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keep'.
14
וּבְנָבִ֕יא הֶעֱלָ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וּבְנָבִ֖יא נִשְׁמָֽר
And by a prophet YHWH brought Israel out of Egypt, and by a prophet was he preserved.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'that rises'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּבְנָבִ֕יאa prophetconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
הֶעֱלָ֧הthat risesHiphil perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'that rises'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
מִמִּצְרָ֑יִםfrom Egyptprep + N proper · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'from Egypt'.
וּבְנָבִ֖יאa prophetconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
נִשְׁמָֽרwe keepN · שָׁמַר (H8104)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַר (H8104) 'we keep'.
15
הִכְעִ֥יס אֶפְרַ֖יִם תַּמְרוּרִ֑ים וְדָמָיו֙ עָלָ֣יו יִטּ֔וֹשׁ וְחֶ֨רְפָּת֔וֹ יָשִׁ֥יב ל֖וֹ אֲדֹנָֽיו
Ephraim provoked to anger most bitterly: therefore shall he leave his blood upon him, and his reproach shall his Lord return to him.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to provoke him'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
הִכְעִ֥יסto provoke himHiphil perf 3ms · כָּעַס (H3707)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּעַס (H3707) 'to provoke him'.
אֶפְרַ֖יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
תַּמְרוּרִ֑יםmost bitterN c · תַּמְרוּר (H8563)Construct chain (genitival)תַּמְרוּר (H8563) 'most bitter'.
וְדָמָיו֙the bloodconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'the blood'.
עָלָ֣יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
יִטּ֔וֹשׁand he forsookQal impf 3ms · נָטַשׁ (H5203)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָטַשׁ (H5203) 'and he forsook'.
וְחֶ֨רְפָּת֔וֹa reproachconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · חֶרְפָּה (H2781)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרְפָּה (H2781) 'a reproach'.
יָשִׁ֥יבhe shall refundHiphil impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'he shall refund'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
אֲדֹנָֽיוmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.