Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Ezekiel, Chapter 22יחזקאל 22

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Ezekiel 22 (31 verses in the MT) opens: Moreover the word of YHWH came to me, saying, The middle of the chapter continues: And you shall take your inheritance in thyself in the sight of the heathen, and you shall know that I YHWH. It closes: Therefore have I poured out mine indignation upon them; I have consumed them with the fire of my wrath: their own way have I recompensed upon their heads, says YHWH YHWH.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Ezekiel 22 comprises 31 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-7) — Moreover the word of YHWH came to me, saying. Moreover the word of YHWH came to me, saying, Now, you son of man, will you judge, will you judge the bloody city? yea, you shall shew her all her abominations. Then say you, Thus says YHWH YHWH, The city sheddeth blood in the midst of it, that her time may come, and maketh idols against herself to defile herself. You are become guilty in your blood that. Movement II (vv. 8-14) — You have despised mine holy things, and have profaned my sabbaths. You have despised mine holy things, and have profaned my sabbaths. In you are men that carry tales to shed blood: and in you they eat upon the mountains: in the midst of you they commit lewdness. In you have they discovered their fathers' nakedness: in you have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution. And one has committed abomination with his. Movement III (vv. 15-21) — And I will scatter you among the heathen, and disperse you in the countr. And I will scatter you among the heathen, and disperse you in the countries, and will consume your filthiness out of you. And you shall take your inheritance in thyself in the sight of the heathen, and you shall know that I YHWH. And the word of YHWH came to me, saying, Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they brass, and tin, and. Movement IV (vv. 22-28) — As silver is melted in the midst of the furnace, so shall you be melted. As silver is melted in the midst of the furnace, so shall you be melted in the midst thereof; and you shall know that I YHWH have poured out my fury upon you. And the word of YHWH came to me, saying, Son of man, say to her, You the land that is not cleansed, nor rained upon in the day of indignation. a conspiracy of her prophets in the midst thereof, like a. Movement V (vv. 29-31) — The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and. The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and have vexed the poor and needy: yea, they have oppressed the stranger wrongfully. And I sought for a man among them, that should make up the hedge, and stand in the gap before me for the land, that I should not destroy it: but I found none. Therefore have I poured out mine indignation. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר

Moreover the word of YHWH came to me, saying,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְהִ֥יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
דְבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֵלַ֥יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
2

וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן אָדָ֔ם הֲתִשְׁפֹּ֥ט הֲתִשְׁפֹּ֖ט אֶת עִ֣יר הַדָּמִ֑ים וְה֣וֹדַעְתָּ֔הּ אֵ֖ת כָּל תּוֹעֲבוֹתֶֽיהָ

Now, you son of man, will you judge, will you judge the bloody city? yea, you shall shew her all her abominations.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and judge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאַתָּ֣הand youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
בֶןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אָדָ֔םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
הֲתִשְׁפֹּ֥טand judgeinterrog. + Qal impf 2ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
הֲתִשְׁפֹּ֖טand judgeinterrog. + Qal impf 2ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עִ֣ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
הַדָּמִ֑יםthe bloodart + N com m pl abs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'the blood'.
וְה֣וֹדַעְתָּ֔הּI knowconj וְ + Hiphil q 2ms + sfx 3fs · יָדַע (H3045)Particle or relational elementיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
אֵ֖ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
תּוֹעֲבוֹתֶֽיהָan abomination ofN c · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination of'.
3

וְאָמַרְתָּ֗ כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה עִ֣יר שֹׁפֶ֥כֶת דָּ֛ם בְּתוֹכָ֖הּ לָב֣וֹא עִתָּ֑הּ וְעָשְׂתָ֧ה גִלּוּלִ֛ים עָלֶ֖יהָ לְטָמְאָֽה

Then say you, Thus says YHWH YHWH, The city sheddeth blood in the midst of it, that her time may come, and maketh idols against herself to defile herself.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְאָמַרְתָּ֗and you shall sayconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and you shall say'.
כֹּ֤הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַר֙he saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֔הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
עִ֣ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
שֹׁפֶ֥כֶתhe shall pour outQal ptc fs · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
דָּ֛םbloodN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'.
בְּתוֹכָ֖הּin its midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in its midst'.
לָב֣וֹאto enterprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'to enter'.
עִתָּ֑הּat the timeN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
וְעָשְׂתָ֧הand makesconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Particle or relational elementעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and makes'.
גִלּוּלִ֛יםtheir idolsN c · גִּלּוּל (H1544)Construct chain (genitival)גִּלּוּל (H1544) 'their idols'.
עָלֶ֖יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
לְטָמְאָֽהto be defiledprep + Qal inf constr · טָמֵא (H2930)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementטָמֵא (H2930) 'to be defiled'.
4

בְּדָמֵ֨ךְ אֲשֶׁר שָׁפַ֜כְתְּ אָשַׁ֗מְתְּ וּבְגִלּוּלַ֤יִךְ אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂית֙ טָמֵ֔את וַתַּקְרִ֣יבִי יָמַ֔יִךְ וַתָּב֖וֹא עַד שְׁנוֹתָ֑יִךְ עַל כֵּ֗ן נְתַתִּ֤יךְ חֶרְפָּה֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְקַלָּסָ֖ה לְכָל הָאֲרָצֽוֹת

You are become guilty in your blood that you have shed; and have defiled thyself in your idols which you have made; and you have caused your days to draw near, and are come to your years: therefore have I made you a reproach to the heathen, and a mocking to all countries.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he shall pour out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
בְּדָמֵ֨ךְthe bloodprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'the blood'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
שָׁפַ֜כְתְּhe shall pour outQal perf 2fs · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
אָשַׁ֗מְתְּthen he is guiltyQal perf 2fs · אָשֵׁם (H816)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָשֵׁם (H816) 'then he is guilty'.
וּבְגִלּוּלַ֤יִךְtheir idolsconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr + sfx 2fs · גִּלּוּל (H1544)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלּוּל (H1544) 'their idols'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשִׂית֙you have doneQal perf 2fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you have done'.
טָמֵ֔אתand he shall be uncleanQal perf 2fs · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actטָמֵא (H2930) 'and he shall be unclean'.
וַתַּקְרִ֣יבִיand he shall presentconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 2fs · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרַב (H7126) 'and he shall present'.
יָמַ֔יִךְyour daysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'your days'.
וַתָּב֖וֹאand cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and came'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
שְׁנוֹתָ֑יִךְyearsN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'years'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֗ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
נְתַתִּ֤יךְI have made youQal perf 1cs + sfx 2fs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'I have made you'.
חֶרְפָּה֙a reproachN c · חֶרְפָּה (H2781)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרְפָּה (H2781) 'a reproach'.
לַגּוֹיִ֔םinto nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'into nations'.
וְקַלָּסָ֖הandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · קַלָּסָה (H7048)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קַלָּסָה (H7048) 'and'.
לְכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
הָאֲרָצֽוֹתthe landsart + N com c pl abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the lands'.
5

הַקְּרֹב֛וֹת וְהָרְחֹק֥וֹת מִמֵּ֖ךְ יִתְקַלְּסוּ בָ֑ךְ טְמֵאַ֣ת הַשֵּׁ֔ם רַבַּ֖ת הַמְּהוּמָֽה

near, and far from you, shall mock you, infamous much vexed.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הַקְּרֹב֛וֹתnearart + Adj · קָרוֹב (H7138)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרוֹב (H7138) 'near'.
וְהָרְחֹק֥וֹתfrom far awayconj וְ + art + Adj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'from far away'.
מִמֵּ֖ךְfrom youprep + sfx 2fs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from you'.
יִתְקַלְּסוּandHithpael impf 3mp · קָלַס (H7046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָלַס (H7046) 'and'.
בָ֑ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
טְמֵאַ֣תuncleanAdj · טָמֵא (H2931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'.
הַשֵּׁ֔םthe nameart + N com m sg abs · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name'.
רַבַּ֖תmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
הַמְּהוּמָֽהthe confusionart + N com f sg abs · מְהוּמָה (H4103)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְהוּמָה (H4103) 'the confusion'.
6

הִנֵּה֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֥ישׁ לִזְרֹע֖וֹ הָ֣יוּ בָ֑ךְ לְמַ֖עַן שְׁפָךְ דָּֽם

Behold, the princes of Israel, every one were in you to their power to shed blood.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
הִנֵּה֙beholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
נְשִׂיאֵ֣יchiefs ofN c · נָשִׂיא (H5387)Construct chain (genitival)נָשִׂיא (H5387) 'chiefs of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
לִזְרֹע֖וֹthe shoulderprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'the shoulder'.
הָ֣יוּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
בָ֑ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
לְמַ֖עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
שְׁפָךְone who shedsQal inf constr · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'one who sheds'.
דָּֽםbloodN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'.
7

אָ֤ב וָאֵם֙ הֵקַ֣לּוּ בָ֔ךְ לַגֵּ֛ר עָשׂ֥וּ בַעֹ֖שֶׁק בְּתוֹכֵ֑ךְ יָת֥וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֖ה ה֥וֹנוּ בָֽךְ

In you have they set light by father and mother: in the midst of you have they dealt by oppression with the stranger: in you have they vexed the fatherless and the widow.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'whether had abated'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אָ֤בa fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'a father'.
וָאֵם֙his motherconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אֵם (H517)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵם (H517) 'his mother'.
הֵקַ֣לּוּwhether had abatedHiphil perf 3cp · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָלַל (H7043) 'whether had abated'.
בָ֔ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
לַגֵּ֛רfor the sojournerprep + art + N com m sg abs · גֵּר (H1616)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֵּר (H1616) 'for the sojourner'.
עָשׂ֥וּthey didQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
בַעֹ֖שֶׁקthe extorted thingprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֹשֶׁק (H6233)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹשֶׁק (H6233) 'the extorted thing'.
בְּתוֹכֵ֑ךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
יָת֥וֹםorphanN c · יָתוֹם (H3490)Construct chain (genitival)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'orphan'.
וְאַלְמָנָ֖הand widowconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'and widow'.
ה֥וֹנוּyou shall wrongHiphil perf 3cp · יָנָה (H3238)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָנָה (H3238) 'you shall wrong'.
בָֽךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
8

קָדָשַׁ֖י בָּזִ֑ית וְאֶת שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י חִלָּֽלְתְּ

You have despised mine holy things, and have profaned my sabbaths.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'thus despised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
קָדָשַׁ֖יmy holy [name]N c · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Construct chain (genitival)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'my holy [name]'.
בָּזִ֑יתthus despisedQal perf 2fs · בָּזָה (H959)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּזָה (H959) 'thus despised'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖יmy sabbathsN c · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁבָּת (H7676) 'my sabbaths'.
חִלָּֽלְתְּyou profanedPiel perf 2fs · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַל (H2490) 'you profaned'.
9

אַנְשֵׁ֥י רָכִ֛יל הָ֥יוּ בָ֖ךְ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁפָךְ דָּ֑ם וְאֶל הֶֽהָרִים֙ אָ֣כְלוּ בָ֔ךְ זִמָּ֖ה עָשׂ֥וּ בְתוֹכֵֽךְ

In you are men that carry tales to shed blood: and in you they eat upon the mountains: in the midst of you they commit lewdness.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
אַנְשֵׁ֥יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
רָכִ֛ילas a talebearerN c · רָכִיל (H7400)Construct chain (genitival)רָכִיל (H7400) 'as a talebearer'.
הָ֥יוּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
בָ֖ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
לְמַ֣עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
שְׁפָךְone who shedsQal inf constr · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'one who sheds'.
דָּ֑םbloodN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
הֶֽהָרִים֙the mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains'.
אָ֣כְלוּateQal perf 3cp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'ate'.
בָ֔ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
זִמָּ֖הdepravityN c · זִמָּה (H2154)Construct chain (genitival)זִמָּה (H2154) 'depravity'.
עָשׂ֥וּthey didQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
בְתוֹכֵֽךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
10

עֶרְוַת אָ֖ב גִּלָּה בָ֑ךְ טְמֵאַ֥ת הַנִּדָּ֖ה עִנּוּ בָֽךְ

In you have they discovered their fathers' nakedness: in you have they humbled her that was set apart for pollution.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he has uncovered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עֶרְוַתthe nakedness ofN c · עֶרְוָה (H6172)Construct chain (genitival)עֶרְוָה (H6172) 'the nakedness of'.
אָ֖בa fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'a father'.
גִּלָּהhe has uncoveredPiel perf 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'he has uncovered'.
בָ֑ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
טְמֵאַ֥תuncleanAdj · טָמֵא (H2931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'.
הַנִּדָּ֖הthe impurityart + N com f sg abs · נִדָּה (H5079)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִדָּה (H5079) 'the impurity'.
עִנּוּand you shall afflictPiel perf 3cp · עָנָה (H6031)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָנָה (H6031) 'and you shall afflict'.
בָֽךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
11

וְאִ֣ישׁ אֶת אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֗הוּ עָשָׂה֙ תּֽוֹעֵבָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת כַּלָּת֖וֹ טִמֵּ֣א בְזִמָּ֑ה וְאִ֛ישׁ אֶת אֲחֹת֥וֹ בַת אָבִ֖יו עִנָּה בָֽךְ

And one has committed abomination with his neighbour's wife; and another has lewdly defiled his daughter in law; and another in you has humbled his sister, his father's daughter.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְאִ֣ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
אֵ֣שֶׁתwife ofN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'wife of'.
רֵעֵ֗הוּhis neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
עָשָׂה֙he didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
תּֽוֹעֵבָ֔הan abominationN c · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination'.
וְאִ֥ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כַּלָּת֖וֹhis daughter-in-lawN c · כַּלָּה (H3618)Construct chain (genitival)כַּלָּה (H3618) 'his daughter-in-law'.
טִמֵּ֣אhe had defiledPiel perf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actטָמֵא (H2930) 'he had defiled'.
בְזִמָּ֑הdepravityprep + N com f sg abs · זִמָּה (H2154)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זִמָּה (H2154) 'depravity'.
וְאִ֛ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲחֹת֥וֹhis sisterN c · אָחוֹת (H269)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוֹת (H269) 'his sister'.
בַתdaughter ofN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
אָבִ֖יוhis fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'his father'.
עִנָּהhe violatedPiel perf 3ms · עָנָה (H6031)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָנָה (H6031) 'he violated'.
בָֽךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
12

שֹׁ֥חַד לָֽקְחוּ בָ֖ךְ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁפָךְ דָּ֑ם נֶ֧שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֣ית לָקַ֗חַתְּ וַתְּבַצְּעִ֤י רֵעַ֨יִךְ֙ בַּעֹ֔שֶׁק וְאֹתִ֣י שָׁכַ֔חַתְּ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה

In you have they taken gifts to shed blood; you have taken usury and increase, and you have greedily gained of your neighbours by extortion, and have forgotten me, says YHWH YHWH.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
שֹׁ֥חַדa bribeN c · שֹׁחַד (H7810)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁחַד (H7810) 'a bribe'.
לָֽקְחוּthey tookQal perf 3cp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'they took'.
בָ֖ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
לְמַ֣עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
שְׁפָךְone who shedsQal inf constr · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'one who sheds'.
דָּ֑םbloodN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'.
נֶ֧שֶׁךְinterest ofN c · נֶשֶׁךְ (H5392)Construct chain (genitival)נֶשֶׁךְ (H5392) 'interest of'.
וְתַרְבִּ֣יתor increaseconj וְ + N com f sg abs · תַּרְבִּית (H8636)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּרְבִּית (H8636) 'or increase'.
לָקַ֗חַתְּto takeQal perf 2fs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
וַתְּבַצְּעִ֤יcutconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 2fs · בָּצַע (H1214)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּצַע (H1214) 'cut'.
רֵעַ֨יִךְ֙his neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
בַּעֹ֔שֶׁקthe extorted thingprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֹשֶׁק (H6233)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹשֶׁק (H6233) 'the extorted thing'.
וְאֹתִ֣יand meconj וְ + obj marker + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and me'.
שָׁכַ֔חַתְּyou forgetQal perf 2fs · שָׁכַח (H7911)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁכַח (H7911) 'you forget'.
נְאֻ֖םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
אֲדֹנָ֥יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִֽהYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
13

וְהִנֵּה֙ הִכֵּ֣יתִי כַפִּ֔י אֶל בִּצְעֵ֖ךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֑ית וְעַ֨ל דָּמֵ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ בְּתוֹכֵֽךְ

Behold, therefore I have smitten mine hand at your dishonest gain which you have made, and at your blood which has been in the midst of you.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they struck'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְהִנֵּה֙and beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
הִכֵּ֣יתִיand they struckHiphil perf 1cs · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהִכָּה (H5221) 'and they struck'.
כַפִּ֔יthe palms ofN c · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'the palms of'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בִּצְעֵ֖ךְunjust gainN c · בֶּצַע (H1215)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּצַע (H1215) 'unjust gain'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשִׂ֑יתyou have doneQal perf 2fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you have done'.
וְעַ֨לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
דָּמֵ֔ךְthe bloodN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'the blood'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הָי֖וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
בְּתוֹכֵֽךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
14

הֲיַעֲמֹ֤ד לִבֵּךְ֙ אִם תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָה יָדַ֔יִךְ לַיָּמִ֕ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י עֹשֶׂ֣ה אוֹתָ֑ךְ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבַּ֥רְתִּי וְעָשִֽׂיתִי

Can your heart endure, or can your hands be strong, in the days that I shall deal with you? I YHWH have spoken , and will do .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'standing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הֲיַעֲמֹ֤דstandinginterrog. + Qal impf 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָמַד (H5975) 'standing'.
לִבֵּךְ֙your heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָהbe strongQal impf 3fp · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
יָדַ֔יִךְyour handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hands'.
לַיָּמִ֕יםabout the daysprep + art + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'about the days'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
אֲנִ֖יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
עֹשֶׂ֣הhe didQal ptc ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
אוֹתָ֑ךְyouobj marker + sfx 2fs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you'.
אֲנִ֥יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
דִּבַּ֥רְתִּיI spokePiel perf 1cs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'I spoke'.
וְעָשִֽׂיתִיhe didconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Particle or relational elementעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
15

וַהֲפִיצוֹתִ֤י אוֹתָךְ֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וְזֵרִיתִ֖יךְ בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹת וַהֲתִמֹּתִ֥י טֻמְאָתֵ֖ךְ מִמֵּֽךְ

And I will scatter you among the heathen, and disperse you in the countries, and will consume your filthiness out of you.

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַהֲפִיצוֹתִ֤יand let be scatteredconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · פוּץ (H6327)Particle or relational elementפוּץ (H6327) 'and let be scattered'.
אוֹתָךְ֙youobj marker + sfx 2fs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you'.
בַּגּוֹיִ֔םamong the nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'among the nations'.
וְזֵרִיתִ֖יךְI will scatterconj וְ + Piel q 1cs + sfx 2fs · זָרָה (H2219)Particle or relational elementזָרָה (H2219) 'I will scatter'.
בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹתthe landprep + art + N com c pl abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וַהֲתִמֹּתִ֥יhad finishedconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · תָּמַם (H8552)Particle or relational elementתָּמַם (H8552) 'had finished'.
טֻמְאָתֵ֖ךְhis uncleannessN c · טֻמְאָה (H2932)Construct chain (genitival)טֻמְאָה (H2932) 'his uncleanness'.
מִמֵּֽךְfrom youprep + sfx 2fs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from you'.
16

וְנִחַ֥לְתְּ בָּ֖ךְ לְעֵינֵ֣י גוֹיִ֑ם וְיָדַ֖עַתְּ כִּֽי אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה

And you shall take your inheritance in thyself in the sight of the heathen, and you shall know that I YHWH.

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְנִחַ֥לְתְּbeganconj וְ + Niphal q 2fs · חָלַל (H2490)Particle or relational elementחָלַל (H2490) 'began'.
בָּ֖ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
לְעֵינֵ֣יbefore the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'before the eyes of'.
גוֹיִ֑םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
וְיָדַ֖עַתְּand you shall knowconj וְ + Qal q 2fs · יָדַע (H3045)Particle or relational elementיָדַע (H3045) 'and you shall know'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲנִ֥יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
17

וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר

And the word of YHWH came to me, saying,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְהִ֥יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
דְבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֵלַ֥יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
18

בֶּן אָדָ֕ם הָיוּ לִ֥י בֵֽית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לסוג לְסִ֑יג כֻּלָּ֡ם נְ֠חֹשֶׁת וּבְדִ֨יל וּבַרְזֶ֤ל וְעוֹפֶ֨רֶת֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ כּ֔וּר סִגִ֥ים כֶּ֖סֶף הָיֽוּ

Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are the dross of silver.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אָדָ֕םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
הָיוּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
לִ֥יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
בֵֽיתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
לסוגtoprep + N com m sg abs · סִיג (H5509)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִיג (H5509) 'to'.
לְסִ֑יגtoprep + N com m sg abs · סִיג (H5509)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִיג (H5509) 'to'.
כֻּלָּ֡םall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
נְ֠חֹשֶׁתbronzeN c · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Construct chain (genitival)נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178) 'bronze'.
וּבְדִ֨ילthe tinconj וְ + N com m sg abs · בְּדִיל (H913)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּדִיל (H913) 'the tin'.
וּבַרְזֶ֤לand ironconj וְ + N com m sg abs · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'and iron'.
וְעוֹפֶ֨רֶת֙like lead,conj וְ + N com f sg abs · עוֹפֶרֶת (H5777)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹפֶרֶת (H5777) 'like lead,'.
בְּת֣וֹךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
כּ֔וּרfrom the furnace ofN c · כּוּר (H3564)Construct chain (genitival)כּוּר (H3564) 'from the furnace of'.
סִגִ֥יםtoN c · סִיג (H5509)Construct chain (genitival)סִיג (H5509) 'to'.
כֶּ֖סֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
הָיֽוּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
19

לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֛עַן הֱי֥וֹת כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם לְסִגִ֑ים לָכֵן֙ הִנְנִ֣י קֹבֵ֣ץ אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶל תּ֖וֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם

Therefore thus says YHWH YHWH; Because you are all become dross, behold, therefore I will gather you into the midst of Jerusalem.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
לָכֵ֗ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
כֹּ֤הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַר֙he saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֔הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
יַ֛עַןbecauseconj וְ · יַעַן (H3282)Particle or relational elementיַעַן (H3282) 'because'.
הֱי֥וֹתthere beingQal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'there being'.
כֻּלְּכֶ֖םall of youN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of you'.
לְסִגִ֑יםtoprep + N com m pl abs · סִיג (H5509)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִיג (H5509) 'to'.
לָכֵן֙thereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
הִנְנִ֣יbehold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
קֹבֵ֣ץand let them gatherQal ptc ms · קָבַץ (H6908)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָבַץ (H6908) 'and let them gather'.
אֶתְכֶ֔םyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
תּ֖וֹךְthe midst ofN c · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Construct chain (genitival)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'the midst of'.
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽםJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
20

קְבֻ֣צַת כֶּ֡סֶף וּ֠נְחֹשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶ֨ל וְעוֹפֶ֤רֶת וּבְדִיל֙ אֶל תּ֣וֹךְ כּ֔וּר לָפַֽחַת עָלָ֥יו אֵ֖שׁ לְהַנְתִּ֑יךְ כֵּ֤ן אֶקְבֹּץ֙ בְּאַפִּ֣י וּבַחֲמָתִ֔י וְהִנַּחְתִּ֥י וְהִתַּכְתִּ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם

they gather silver, and brass, and iron, and lead, and tin, into the midst of the furnace, to blow the fire upon it, to melt ; so will I gather in mine anger and in my fury, and I will leave , and melt you.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'breathed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
קְבֻ֣צַתgatherN c · קְבֻצָה (H6910)Construct chain (genitival)קְבֻצָה (H6910) 'gather'.
כֶּ֡סֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
וּ֠נְחֹשֶׁתand bronzeconj וְ + N com f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178) 'and bronze'.
וּבַרְזֶ֨לand ironconj וְ + N com m sg abs · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'and iron'.
וְעוֹפֶ֤רֶתlike lead,conj וְ + N com f sg abs · עוֹפֶרֶת (H5777)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹפֶרֶת (H5777) 'like lead,'.
וּבְדִיל֙the tinconj וְ + N com m sg abs · בְּדִיל (H913)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּדִיל (H913) 'the tin'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
תּ֣וֹךְthe midst ofN c · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Construct chain (genitival)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'the midst of'.
כּ֔וּרfrom the furnace ofN c · כּוּר (H3564)Construct chain (genitival)כּוּר (H3564) 'from the furnace of'.
לָפַֽחַתbreathedprep + Qal inf constr · נָפַח (H5301)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָפַח (H5301) 'breathed'.
עָלָ֥יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
אֵ֖שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
לְהַנְתִּ֑יךְpouredprep + Hiphil inf constr · נָתַךְ (H5413)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָתַךְ (H5413) 'poured'.
כֵּ֤ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אֶקְבֹּץ֙and he gatheredQal impf 1cs · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָבַץ (H6908) 'and he gathered'.
בְּאַפִּ֣יin my angerprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'in my anger'.
וּבַחֲמָתִ֔יthe venom ofconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · חֵמָה (H2534)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵמָה (H2534) 'the venom of'.
וְהִנַּחְתִּ֥יand you shall depositconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · נוּחַ (H3240)Particle or relational elementנוּחַ (H3240) 'and you shall deposit'.
וְהִתַּכְתִּ֖יpouredconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · נָתַךְ (H5413)Particle or relational elementנָתַךְ (H5413) 'poured'.
אֶתְכֶֽםyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you'.
21

וְכִנַּסְתִּ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְנָפַחְתִּ֥י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּאֵ֣שׁ עֶבְרָתִ֑י וְנִתַּכְתֶּ֖ם בְּתוֹכָֽהּ

Yea, I will gather you, and blow upon you in the fire of my wrath, and you shall be melted in the midst thereof.

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְכִנַּסְתִּ֣יas / likeconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · כָּנַס (H3664)Particle or relational elementכָּנַס (H3664) 'as / like'.
אֶתְכֶ֔םyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you'.
וְנָפַחְתִּ֥יbreathedconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · נָפַח (H5301)Particle or relational elementנָפַח (H5301) 'breathed'.
עֲלֵיכֶ֖םagainst youprep + sfx 2mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against you'.
בְּאֵ֣שׁwith fireprep + N com c sg constr · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'with fire'.
עֶבְרָתִ֑יand their wrathN c · עֶבְרָה (H5678)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבְרָה (H5678) 'and their wrath'.
וְנִתַּכְתֶּ֖םpouredconj וְ + Niphal q 2mp · נָתַךְ (H5413)Particle or relational elementנָתַךְ (H5413) 'poured'.
בְּתוֹכָֽהּin its midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in its midst'.
22

כְּהִתּ֥וּךְ כֶּ֨סֶף֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ כּ֔וּר כֵּ֖ן תֻּתְּכ֣וּ בְתוֹכָ֑הּ וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה שָׁפַ֥כְתִּי חֲמָתִ֖י עֲלֵיכֶֽם

As silver is melted in the midst of the furnace, so shall you be melted in the midst thereof; and you shall know that I YHWH have poured out my fury upon you.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'poured'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כְּהִתּ֥וּךְas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · הִתּוּךְ (H2046)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִתּוּךְ (H2046) 'as / like'.
כֶּ֨סֶף֙silverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
בְּת֣וֹךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
כּ֔וּרfrom the furnace ofN c · כּוּר (H3564)Construct chain (genitival)כּוּר (H3564) 'from the furnace of'.
כֵּ֖ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
תֻּתְּכ֣וּpouredHophal impf 2mp · נָתַךְ (H5413)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַךְ (H5413) 'poured'.
בְתוֹכָ֑הּin its midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in its midst'.
וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙and you shall knowconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · יָדַע (H3045)Particle or relational elementיָדַע (H3045) 'and you shall know'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲנִ֣יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
שָׁפַ֥כְתִּיhe shall pour outQal perf 1cs · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
חֲמָתִ֖יmy wrathN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'my wrath'.
עֲלֵיכֶֽםagainst youprep + sfx 2mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against you'.
23

וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר

And the word of YHWH came to me, saying,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְהִ֥יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
דְבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֵלַ֥יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
24

בֶּן אָדָ֕ם אֱמָר לָ֕הּ אַ֣תְּ אֶ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א מְטֹהָרָ֖ה הִ֑יא לֹ֥א גֻשְׁמָ֖הּ בְּי֥וֹם זָֽעַם

Son of man, say to her, You the land that is not cleansed, nor rained upon in the day of indignation.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אָדָ֕םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
אֱמָרhe saidQal impv 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
לָ֕הּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
אַ֣תְּyou arepron 2fs · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you are'.
אֶ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
מְטֹהָרָ֖הthe one being cleansedPual ptc fs · טָהֵר (H2891)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorטָהֵר (H2891) 'the one being cleansed'.
הִ֑יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
גֻשְׁמָ֖הּrained uponN c · גֹּשֶׁם (H1656)Construct chain (genitival)גֹּשֶׁם (H1656) 'rained upon'.
בְּי֥וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
זָֽעַםangryN c · זַעַם (H2195)Construct chain (genitival)זַעַם (H2195) 'angry'.
25

קֶ֤שֶׁר נְבִיאֶ֨יהָ֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ כַּאֲרִ֥י שׁוֹאֵ֖ג טֹ֣רֵֽף טָ֑רֶף נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָכָ֗לוּ חֹ֤סֶן וִיקָר֙ יִקָּ֔חוּ אַלְמְנוֹתֶ֖יהָ הִרְבּ֥וּ בְתוֹכָֽהּ

a conspiracy of her prophets in the midst thereof, like a roaring lion ravening the prey; they have devoured souls; they have taken the treasure and precious things; they have made her many widows in the midst thereof.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'roar'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
קֶ֤שֶׁרconfederacyN c · קֶשֶׁר (H7195)Construct chain (genitival)קֶשֶׁר (H7195) 'confederacy'.
נְבִיאֶ֨יהָ֙a prophetN c · נָבִיא (H5030)Construct chain (genitival)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
בְּתוֹכָ֔הּin its midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in its midst'.
כַּאֲרִ֥יlike a lionprep + N com m sg abs · אַרְיֵה (H738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'like a lion'.
שׁוֹאֵ֖גroarQal ptc ms · שָׁאַג (H7580)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁאַג (H7580) 'roar'.
טֹ֣רֵֽףindeed torn/mauledQal ptc ms · טָרַף (H2963)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorטָרַף (H2963) 'indeed torn/mauled'.
טָ֑רֶףpreyN c · טֶרֶף (H2964)Construct chain (genitival)טֶרֶף (H2964) 'prey'.
נֶ֣פֶשׁa personN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'a person'.
אָכָ֗לוּateQal perf 3cp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'ate'.
חֹ֤סֶןrichesN c · חֹסֶן (H2633)Construct chain (genitival)חֹסֶן (H2633) 'riches'.
וִיקָר֙honourconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יְקָר (H3366)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְקָר (H3366) 'honour'.
יִקָּ֔חוּthey shall take (marry)Qal impf 3mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָקַח (H3947) 'they shall take (marry)'.
אַלְמְנוֹתֶ֖יהָa widowN c · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Construct chain (genitival)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'a widow'.
הִרְבּ֥וּmake greatHiphil perf 3cp · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָבָה (H7235) 'make great'.
בְתוֹכָֽהּin its midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in its midst'.
26

כֹּהֲנֶ֜יהָ חָמְס֣וּ תוֹרָתִי֮ וַיְחַלְּל֣וּ קָדָשַׁי֒ בֵּֽין קֹ֤דֶשׁ לְחֹל֙ לֹ֣א הִבְדִּ֔ילוּ וּבֵין הַטָּמֵ֥א לְטָה֖וֹר לֹ֣א הוֹדִ֑יעוּ וּמִשַׁבְּתוֹתַי֙ הֶעְלִ֣ימוּ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם וָאֵחַ֖ל בְּתוֹכָֽם

Her priests have violated my law, and have profaned mine holy things: they have put no difference between the holy and profane, neither have they shewed between the unclean and the clean, and have hid their eyes from my sabbaths, and I am profaned among them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'make bare'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
כֹּהֲנֶ֜יהָthe priestN c · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּהֵן (H3548) 'the priest'.
חָמְס֣וּmake bareQal perf 3cp · חָמַס (H2554)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָמַס (H2554) 'make bare'.
תוֹרָתִי֮the torahN c · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'the torah'.
וַיְחַלְּל֣וּbeganconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָלַל (H2490) 'began'.
קָדָשַׁי֒my holy [name]N c · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Construct chain (genitival)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'my holy [name]'.
בֵּֽיןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
קֹ֤דֶשׁholyN c · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Construct chain (genitival)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'.
לְחֹל֙the commonprep + N com m sg abs · חֹל (H2455)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹל (H2455) 'the common'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הִבְדִּ֔ילוּset apartHiphil perf 3cp · בָּדַל (H914)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּדַל (H914) 'set apart'.
וּבֵיןand betweenconj וְ + prep · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'and between'.
הַטָּמֵ֥אthe uncleanart + Adj · טָמֵא (H2931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָמֵא (H2931) 'the unclean'.
לְטָה֖וֹרpureprep + Adj · טָהוֹר (H2889)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הוֹדִ֑יעוּI knowHiphil perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
וּמִשַׁבְּתוֹתַי֙the Sabbathconj וְ + prep + N com c pl constr + sfx 1cs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁבָּת (H7676) 'the Sabbath'.
הֶעְלִ֣ימוּand it is hiddenHiphil perf 3cp · עָלַם (H5956)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלַם (H5956) 'and it is hidden'.
עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔םtheir eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'their eyes'.
וָאֵחַ֖לbeganconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 1cs · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָלַל (H2490) 'began'.
בְּתוֹכָֽםamong themprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'among them'.
27

שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ כִּזְאֵבִ֖ים טֹ֣רְפֵי טָ֑רֶף לִשְׁפָּךְ דָּם֙ לְאַבֵּ֣ד נְפָשׁ֔וֹת לְמַ֖עַן בְּצֹ֥עַ בָּֽצַע

Her princes in the midst thereof like wolves ravening the prey, to shed blood, to destroy souls, to get dishonest gain.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'is torn/mauled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
שָׂרֶ֣יהָchief ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
בְקִרְבָּ֔הּwithin herselfprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'within herself'.
כִּזְאֵבִ֖יםa wolfprep + N com m pl abs · זְאֵב (H2061)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְאֵב (H2061) 'a wolf'.
טֹ֣רְפֵיis torn/mauledQal ptc mp · טָרַף (H2963)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorטָרַף (H2963) 'is torn/mauled'.
טָ֑רֶףpreyN c · טֶרֶף (H2964)Construct chain (genitival)טֶרֶף (H2964) 'prey'.
לִשְׁפָּךְhe shall pour outprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
דָּם֙bloodN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'.
לְאַבֵּ֣דyour perishingprep + Piel inf constr · אָבַד (H6)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
נְפָשׁ֔וֹתpersonsN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'persons'.
לְמַ֖עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
בְּצֹ֥עַcutQal inf constr · בָּצַע (H1214)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּצַע (H1214) 'cut'.
בָּֽצַעunjust gainN c · בֶּצַע (H1215)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּצַע (H1215) 'unjust gain'.
28

וּנְבִיאֶ֗יהָ טָח֤וּ לָהֶם֙ תָּפֵ֔ל חֹזִ֣ים שָׁ֔וְא וְקֹסְמִ֥ים לָהֶ֖ם כָּזָ֑ב אֹמְרִ֗ים כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וַֽיהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א דִבֵּֽר

And her prophets have daubed them with untempered , seeing vanity, and divining lies to them, saying, Thus says YHWH YHWH, when YHWH has not spoken.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he shall plaster/coat'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וּנְבִיאֶ֗יהָa prophetconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3fs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
טָח֤וּand he shall plaster/coatQal perf 3cp · טוּחַ (H2902)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actטוּחַ (H2902) 'and he shall plaster/coat'.
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
תָּפֵ֔לfoolish thingsN c · תָּפֵל (H8602)Construct chain (genitival)תָּפֵל (H8602) 'foolish things'.
חֹזִ֣יםagreementQal ptc mp · חֹזֶה (H2374)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחֹזֶה (H2374) 'agreement'.
שָׁ֔וְאfalsehoodN c · שָׁוְא (H7723)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁוְא (H7723) 'falsehood'.
וְקֹסְמִ֥יםdivinationsconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · קֶסֶם (H7080)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקֶסֶם (H7080) 'divinations'.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
כָּזָ֑בdeceitfulN c · כָּזָב (H3577)Construct chain (genitival)כָּזָב (H3577) 'deceitful'.
אֹמְרִ֗יםthey sayQal ptc mp · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'they say'.
כֹּ֤הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַר֙he saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֔הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
וַֽיהוָ֖הand YHWHconj וְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'and YHWH'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
דִבֵּֽרspeakPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
29

עַ֤ם הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ עָ֣שְׁקוּ עֹ֔שֶׁק וְגָזְל֖וּ גָּזֵ֑ל וְעָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ הוֹנ֔וּ וְאֶת הַגֵּ֥ר עָשְׁק֖וּ בְּלֹ֥א מִשְׁפָּֽט

The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery, and have vexed the poor and needy: yea, they have oppressed the stranger wrongfully.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you shall oppress'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
עַ֤םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
הָאָ֨רֶץ֙the landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
עָ֣שְׁקוּyou shall oppressQal perf 3cp · עָשַׁק (H6231)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשַׁק (H6231) 'you shall oppress'.
עֹ֔שֶׁקthe extorted thingN c · עֹשֶׁק (H6233)Construct chain (genitival)עֹשֶׁק (H6233) 'the extorted thing'.
וְגָזְל֖וּand robbedconj וְ + Qal perf 3cp · גָּזַל (H1497)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּזַל (H1497) 'and robbed'.
גָּזֵ֑לby robberyN c · גָּזֵל (H1498)Construct chain (genitival)גָּזֵל (H1498) 'by robbery'.
וְעָנִ֤יpoorconj וְ + Adj · עָנִי (H6041)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנִי (H6041) 'poor'.
וְאֶבְיוֹן֙and needyconj וְ + Adj · אֶבְיוֹן (H34)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבְיוֹן (H34) 'and needy'.
הוֹנ֔וּyou shall wrongHiphil perf 3cp · יָנָה (H3238)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָנָה (H3238) 'you shall wrong'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הַגֵּ֥רthe sojournerart + N com m sg abs · גֵּר (H1616)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֵּר (H1616) 'the sojourner'.
עָשְׁק֖וּyou shall oppressQal perf 3cp · עָשַׁק (H6231)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשַׁק (H6231) 'you shall oppress'.
בְּלֹ֥אwithoutprep + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'without'.
מִשְׁפָּֽטjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
30

וָאֲבַקֵּ֣שׁ מֵהֶ֡ם אִ֣ישׁ גֹּֽדֵר גָּדֵר֩ וְעֹמֵ֨ד בַּפֶּ֧רֶץ לְפָנַ֛י בְּעַ֥ד הָאָ֖רֶץ לְבִלְתִּ֣י שַׁחֲתָ֑הּ וְלֹ֖א מָצָֽאתִי

And I sought for a man among them, that should make up the hedge, and stand in the gap before me for the land, that I should not destroy it: but I found none.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'seeking'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וָאֲבַקֵּ֣שׁseekingconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 1cs · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
מֵהֶ֡םfrom themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'from them'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
גֹּֽדֵרhe has walled upQal ptc ms · גָּדַר (H1443)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּדַר (H1443) 'he has walled up'.
גָּדֵר֩a wallN c · גָּדֵר (H1447)Construct chain (genitival)גָּדֵר (H1447) 'a wall'.
וְעֹמֵ֨דand he standsconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · עָמַד (H5975)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָמַד (H5975) 'and he stands'.
בַּפֶּ֧רֶץa breachprep + art + N com m sg abs · פֶּרֶץ (H6556)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּרֶץ (H6556) 'a breach'.
לְפָנַ֛יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 1cs · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
בְּעַ֥דthroughprep · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'through'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
לְבִלְתִּ֣יso as not toprep + conj וְ · בִּלְתִּי (H1115)Particle or relational elementבִּלְתִּי (H1115) 'so as not to'.
שַׁחֲתָ֑הּto destroyPiel inf constr + sfx 3fs · שָׁחַת (H7843)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to destroy'.
וְלֹ֖אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
מָצָֽאתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
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וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ זַעְמִ֔י בְּאֵ֥שׁ עֶבְרָתִ֖י כִּלִּיתִ֑ים דַּרְכָּם֙ בְּרֹאשָׁ֣ם נָתַ֔תִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה

Therefore have I poured out mine indignation upon them; I have consumed them with the fire of my wrath: their own way have I recompensed upon their heads, says YHWH YHWH.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'he shall pour out'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֤ךְhe shall pour outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
עֲלֵיהֶם֙upon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
זַעְמִ֔יangryN c · זַעַם (H2195)Construct chain (genitival)זַעַם (H2195) 'angry'.
בְּאֵ֥שׁwith fireprep + N com c sg constr · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'with fire'.
עֶבְרָתִ֖יand their wrathN c · עֶבְרָה (H5678)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבְרָה (H5678) 'and their wrath'.
כִּלִּיתִ֑יםand he finishedPiel perf 1cs + sfx 3mp · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּלָה (H3615) 'and he finished'.
דַּרְכָּם֙their siege-roadN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'their siege-road'.
בְּרֹאשָׁ֣םon their headsprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'on their heads'.
נָתַ֔תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'I have given'.
נְאֻ֖םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
אֲדֹנָ֥יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהֹוִֽהYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.